Name: Vishal Dulange.

Roll No.: 4345

Assignment: Components of Refrigeration.

Evaporators:
An evaporator, like condenser is also a heat exchanger. In an evaporator, the refrigerant boils or
evaporates and in doing so absorbs heat from the substance being refrigerated. The name evaporator
refers to the evaporation process occurring in the heat exchanger.

Purpose:
Evaporators mainly serve the purpose of absorbing the heat from the surrounding environment/
medium/ locations by the means of the refrigerant. Hence evaporators are also known as chillers.

Principle:
The evaporator works the opposite of the condenser, here refrigerant liquid is converted to gas,
absorbing heat from the air, water or any other body in the compartment.

Working:
 The Evaporator consists of two main basic components. The refrigerant section and the product
section.
 The product section can be anything from hot air, hot water or any other hot product that need
cooling.
 The hot product and the refrigerant are brought in indirect contact to each other; heat transfer
takes place between them from the product to the refrigerant through conduction and
convection.
 It should be noted that the refrigerant is at low pressure, hence when it absorbs the heat from
the product, it easily gets evaporated turns into the vapor state.

Fig: Evaporator Construction and working.

Type of Evaporators:
 Classification based on the Construction:
 Classification Based on the Refrigerant Input:
 Classification based on the Mode of Heat Transfer:
 Classification based on the Operating Condition:
Application:
 Household Refrigeration.
 Food Industry.
 Beverage Industry.

Condensers:
A condenser’s function is to allow high pressure and temperature refrigerant vapor to condense and
eject heat.

 Purpose:
The purpose of a condenser in the cycle of compression refrigeration is to change the hot gas
being discharged from the compressor to a liquid preparation for use in the evaporator. The
condenser accomplishes this action by the removal of sufficient heat from the hot gas, to ensure
its condensation at the pressure available in the condenser. The heat is shifted to another
medium, like water or air, to cool the condenser.

 Principal:
The condenser works on the principal of the heat transfer, that the heat will always flow from
the warmer substance/ body to the colder substance/ body.

 Working:
 The refrigerant enters the condenser in a superheated state. It is first de-superheated and then
condensed by rejecting heat to an external medium.
 The refrigerant may leave the condenser as a saturated or a sub-cooled liquid, depending upon
the temperature of the external medium and design of the condenser.

 Type of Condensers:
Condensers can be broadly classified in to three main categories:

o Water cooled.
o Air cooled.
o Evaporative.

 Water Cooled Condenser:

 Air Cooled Condenser:
 Evaporative Condenser:
 Application:
o Household refrigeration.
o Food industry
o Beverage Industry.
Cooling Tower:
Cooling tower is a special type of heat exchanger that is used in the HVAC system for the cooling or
rejection of the heat generated by the system or building through the process of evaporation.

Purpose:
Cooling tower is essentially used for the purpose of the extraction of the excess heat generated by the
HVAC systems or industrial systems and rejecting it back to the atmosphere using water as a medium. It
used to maintain the temperature of the various HVAC equipment’s or Industrial equipment’s.

Principle:
Cooling tower works on the principal of the evaporation cooling. In this process the air and the hot
water are brought together in the direct contact in order to reduce the temperature of the water. As
this process takes place a small amount of the water is evaporated, thus bringing about the cooling
effect through the evaporation.

Working:
 The water that has been heated from the circulation through the air conditioning system or
industrial system is given as an input to the cooling tower with the help of a pump.
 This water then passed through the distributor and sprayed through nozzles onto banks of
material called “fill,” which slows the flow of water through the cooling tower, and exposes as
much water surface area as possible for maximum air-water contact.
 As the water flows through the cooling tower, it is exposed to air, which is being pulled
through the tower by the electric motor-driven fan. When the water and air meet, a small
amount of water is evaporated, creating a cooling action.
 The cooled water is then pumped back to the condenser or process equipment where it
absorbs heat. It will then be pumped back to the cooling tower to be cooled once again.
 Fig. Constructional Working Diagram of the Cooling Tower.

Type of Cooling Tower:

Cooling Tower are usually designed for specific purposes and are unique to that system only. Generally
cooling tower are classified based on the following:

 By the build.
 By the heat transfer method.
 By the air flow generation method.

Cooling Towers classified by the Build:

Cooling Tower classified by the Heat transfer method:
Cooling tower classified by the Air flow generation Method:
Application:
 Power plants.
 Chemical Plants.
 Steel Manufacturing Industry.
 Plastic Manufacturing Industry like Injection molding and blow molding industry.
 HVAC industry, etc.