Population and Demography
These cycle of poverty and
Population
- To sociologists it is the number of persons
occupying, a certain area, drawing substance
from their habitat, and interacting with one
another.
- To demographers, population is a collective
group of individuals occupying a particular
place at a given time.
Population Growth
- Refers to the increase in number of
individuals in a population.
- It plays a major factor in:
 Factors in energy consumption - Table showing
increasing energy vs population change in a
past decade. In this table, it shows a huge
increase in world energy consumption that has
taken place a decade ago. And this rising
energy consumption is primarily from increased
fossil fuel use of human population. As the
population rises, the demand for energy use
also rises.
 Housing shortage – there is already what we
called rapid urbanization, and this is very
evident in the cities like Manila, where you can
picture rapid urbanization and the housing as
well. There are shortages of housing and if you
noticed the housing now are built in tall
buildings and the shortages in housing is also
because of rapid increase of population not just
here in the Phil but around the world.
 Inflation food security – Tumataas ang mga
bilihin and how is that related to population
growth? If you know the basic law of supply
and demand. So if the demand increases then
the prices also increases and the supply
decreases. Because of increase population,
there is now increase in the supply of food and
this will lead to decrease in the supply number
of food for decrease in the security pero
increase in the prices. Kumokonti yung supply
dahil dumadami or tumataas ang demand due
to increase population pero nagmamahal ang
presyo. This is the law of demand increase
demand, increase prices, decrease supply will
also increase the prices of food.
 Unemployment - unemployment of humans
leads to poverty. These 2 are connected,
they’re twins.
population increase, they’re twins and the
poverty leads to increase in the population
because poverty causes people to have more
children in order to increase the earning
members of the family which later increases
population size. This phenomenon is
common among 3rd world country like
Philippines and India. This kind of mind set
that we have leads to more unemployment
rate and lack of educational facilities. Kapag
mataas ang unemployment rate, tatass ren
ang rate of poverty and ttatas ren yung
population.
 Environmental degradation – the more
people that we have, we need to increase
users of environmental resource. Marami ren
ang nag ppollute ng ating environmental
resources leading to degradation of these
natural resources and the whole
environment as well.
Demography
- The statistical study of human populations
with regard to their size and structure,
their compositions by sex, age, marital
status and changes to these populations
like birth rate and death rate.
Sources of demographic data:
- Population census- population count
- Vital registration statistics system- birth
rate, death rate, marriage and divorce
- Sample or special surveys- surveys of
households (usually done by NGO’s or non-
government agency)
- Demographic data gathered and processed
by the government (here in the Philippines
we have what we called PSO Phiippine
Statitcials Office so sila yung may hawak ng
mga demographic data)
Components of Population Change
Fertility – refers to the number of BIRTHS
Mortality – refers to the number of DEATHS
Migration – number of immigration and emigration
FERTILITY
- Refers to the actual number of children born
to a woman or a group of women. A simple
 way to measure fertility rate is to get the Fecundity
crude birth rate: the number of registered
- Refers to the physical ability to reproduce
births per 1000 of the population in a given
area at a specified time. Pronatalist Pressures
Cite 5 filipino beliefs that contributes to the rapid increases of Philippine population
- Factors that increase people’s desire to have
Fecundity and Pronatalist Pressures babies
o Source of pleasure, pride and comfort
o As source of support/ income for
elderly parents and household help

Mortality

- Numbers of deaths per 1000 of the total

mid- year population in a particular place at
a specified time, and is measured by the
crude of death rate.

Think of the factors that lower the rise of mortality.

Life Expectancy

- Refers to the average number of years a

person is expected to live at the time of
birth. (gaano kahaba ang buhay; Japanese
people they really have a very long life
expectancy that’s why mas maraming
matatanda sakinila kesa sa mga bata)

Migration

- Another factor which affects

populationchange. Migration refers to the
spatial movements of a group of persons
from one place to another, more or less for
permanent residency.
- When one enters the country of destination
it is called immigration. When one person
leaves the country in order to move to
another is called emigration.
- Philippines to China you are called ENTRY-
IMMIGRANT. Exit – EMMIGRANT
Characteristics of Population
Age Structure
- Refers to the proportion of people at the
different age levels.
- The Philippine age structure is relatively
young which makes our country have a
smaller portion of adult labor force. (mas
maraming bata that comprises the population kesa
sa mga matatanda)
- If a society has a more aged people,
 provisions have to be made for their care and  Induced abortions
services. However, there is a larger work force.
(so kung mas maraming matatanda kailangan mas
maraming facilities that will cater for their needs
Reading Assignment:
katulad ng mga health care and services) Read on the different types of contraceptives methods
Sex composition available today. (traditional and modern methods).
- Refers to how the total population is composed
in terms of being males or females.
- Males > Females (males are greater than
females)
o Implies that there should be more
employment opportunities for males like
farming, mining and heavy industry.
- Males < Females (males are less than female
population)
o Implies provisions have to be made for
females employment like clerical,
domestic jobs and service- related work
opportunities.
Dependency ratio
- Refers to the proportion of the 0-4 and the 65-
over age levels per one hundred persons aged
15-64 (working individuals, not dependent)
- A high dependency ratio implies heavy financial
support for more dependents.

Population Density
- Refers to the number of people that can be
equally and statistically distributed per square
kilometer in a given geographical area
considering the population in that area.

Dense- mas madaming tao sa area.

Family Planning

- Refers to the rational, conscious decisions

about how many children a couple will have
and when those children will be born.

Birth Control

- Essential part of family planning

- Any means or method used to reduce
births.
- Example:

 Celibacy (mga ayaw mag asawa)

 Delayed marriage
 Contraception (traditional or modern
method)
 Methods that prevent embryo implantation