Arowwai Industries

GLOBAL
DEMOGRAPHY
G R O U P 1
 WHAT IS
GLOBAL
DEMOGRAPHY?
• The word ‘Demography’ is derived from two
Greek words: ‘demos’ which means people, and
‘graphy’, which means measurement.
• Global Demography is the study of the worldwide
population rather than the population of a
specific country, region, or city.
• Demography examines the size, structure, and
movements of populations over space and time.
• Demographers use census data, surveys, and
statistical models to analyze the size, movement,
and structure of populations.
Key Demographic Processes Demographic tools
• Birth • Rate
• Migration • Ratio
• Death • Proportion
• Constant cohort measure
• Period measure

Main Sources Other Sources

• Census
• Vital registrations (birth, marriage,
death, migration)
• Sample surveys (demographic health
surveys, multiple indicator cluster
survey)
• Population register
• Demographic surveillance systems
• Voters registration
• Social security system
• School enrollment
• Income tax returns
 COMPONENTS / ELEMENTS OF DEMOGRAPHY
SIZE
• The total number of people living in a
specific place at a specific period is
referred to as population size.
COMPOSITION
• The study of population composition and
density is essential
• Composition of population characteristics
such as the sex ratio, race wise and age-
group wise population size the ratio of rural
to urban population are very important.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION ADMINISTRATION

• Demography is the study of the causes that • The birth and death rates are the most
cause people to migrate internally and important determinants of population
externally within and across countries.
• Another element affecting population growth; hence their inclusion in
distribution within the country is population studies is essential.
urbanization.
 Group 1

POPULATION
• shows the number of people that usually live in an area.
• As a whole, the world's population has grown quickly in the last half-century,
more than doubling from around 2.5 billion in 1950 to more than 7 billion
today. It is projected to reach more than 9 billion by 2050 and 11 billion by
2100.
and Ecology
are closely related to each other.
• where the growth of population can be
a burden to the environment,
depleting its resources threatening
human and animal life.
 POPULATION COMPOSITION
Group 1

AND DENSITY
Population Density
• the concentration of individuals
within a species in a specific
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Population
Composition
• the characteristics of
a group of people in
ECONOMIC STATUS AGE
terms of factors such
GENDER
as MARITAL STATUS
OVERPOPULATION
• refers to the exceeding of
certain threshold limits of
population density when
environmental resources fail to
meet the requirements of
individual organisms regarding
their basic needs.
• It is estimated that about 81
million people add to the
world's population annually.
FERTILITY, MORTALITY, AND
MIGRATION DEMOGRAPHY
FERTILITY, MORTALITY, AND
MIGRATION DEMOGRAPHY
• Fertility, mortality, and migration
determine the population of a
country.
• These three factors can give us
insight into where a population is
heading, how developed the country
is, how the economy is doing, and
how desirable of a place it is to live.
FERTILITY
· It is the ability to have
children
· In terms of global
demography, fertility
often refers as the fertility
rate, how many children,
on average, a woman will
have in her lifetime.
FERTILITY RATES ARE
BASED ON FOUR
FACTORS:

Þ Favorable social norms

Þ Flexible labor markets
Þ Cooperative fathers
Þ Family policies
FAVORABLE SOCIAL
NORMS
This involves flexibility in traditional
gender roles to fit mothers who want to
have a family and career.
COOPERATIVE
FATHERS
Traditionally, the woman had the majority role in
raising children. Fertility rates can increase when
raising children are split more equally since
women were able to balance careers with raising a
family.

FLEXIBLE LABOR FAMILY POLICIES

MARKETS
Family policies have an impact on publicly
Means not having repercussions available child care and can ease raising
for taking a career to start a children for mothers and fathers, thereby
family. increasing their ability to raise more children.
MORTALITY
• The frequency of death in a population.

• The risk of death for both genders (Female and

Male) is high immediately after birth, childhood,
and at the last stages of life.

INFANT MORTALITY RATE

• The probability of dying after birth and at age one.

• When countries are able to develop, this allows

the quality of life to increase. It lowers the infants
mortality rate.
 MIGRATION
Migration consists of
two components:
Emigration - people leaving a country.
Immigration - people moving to a
country.
 • Some of the reasons why people
leave their country might be to
search for better work
EMIGRATION opportunities; conflict; natural
disasters; family ties; to make
money to send remittances back to
their home countries; and a host of
others.
• Can often be a tool for
countries to continue
economic and population
growth when they move
IMMIGRATION
into the later stages of the
demographic transition
model.
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
THEORY
• was initially proposed in 1929 by
demographer Warren Thompson.
• In 1944-45, Frank Notestein and Kingsley
Davis presented the theory of demographic
transition in the form that came to be nearly
universally accepted
• shows shifts in the demographics of a
population during economic and social
development.
• has five stages.
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY STAGES
FIRST STAGE SECOND STAGE
• A very high growth in death rates and birth
• After living in isolation and static state of
rates. The birth rate is very high because
the economy, now people start entering into
people are not educated about population
the economic growth phase. Agriculture and
control methods. With this, more population
industries start developing which leads to
but fewer resources, the availability of food
the development of the tertiary sector also.
is very low which causes a high death rate. A
Basic facilities like food, cloth, and shelter
high death rate because the lack of
are getting more and better. Therefore, in
knoweldge, living in dirty surrounding, lack
this stage, the economy is getting adequate
of availability of foods and water supply,
but with a population explosion.
and outbreak of diseases.
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY STAGES
THIRD STAGE FOURTH STAGE
• After a large growth in the population • Now both concepts are equally decreasing.

now people start using various Due to this, the standard of living rises with

more economic and social developments.

contraceptive methods for birth
Sources of income become available but
control. Due to education, people
expenses of various facilities like health,
living in urban areas become more
education, transport, etc. also rise. Men and
active and learn about the difficulties
women indulge in several family planning
of having more children. Now the
schemes. Now the population is growing less

population is growing but at a comparatively.

diminishing rate.
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY STAGES

FIFTH STAGE
• In the fifth stage, the death rate is

more than the birth rate. It results in

low population growth. Such a

situation is regarded as a matter of

concern in any developed country.

 IMPORTANCE OF DEMOGRAPHY
ECONOMY: SOCIETY:

• Population studies allow us to see how • When the population grows rapidly, the
closely the economy’s growth rate society is confronted with numerous issues.
meets the population’s growth rate. Basic utilities such as water, electricity,
• If the population grows at a greater transportation and communications, public
rate, the economy will develop at a health, and education are all affected
• Problems of migration and urbanization are
slower pace.
also linked to the expanding population,
• The government can take necessary
resulting in an increase in law and order
measures to restrict population
issues.
increase and stimulate economic • As a result, the government and non-
development. governmental social organizations can take
necessary action to address them
 IMPORTANCE OF DEMOGRAPHY
ECONOMIC PLANNING
• Data on the current pattern in population
growth aid planners in developing policies for
the country’s economic plans.
• They are kept in mind while setting agricultural
and industrial product targets, as well as
social and fundamental services such as
schools and other educational institutions,
hospitals, housing, power, transportation, and
so on.
• Planners also utilize population data to
forecast future fertility patterns and design
policy strategies to reduce the birth rate
ADMINISTRATION
• Government administrators can benefit
from population studies as well.
• Almost all social and economic concerns in
underdeveloped countries are linked to
population growth.
• The administrator must address and
provide answers to the issues that arise as
a result of population expansion.
IMPORTANCE OF DEMOGRAPHY
POLITICAL SYSTEM

• Demographic knowledge is important for

a democratic political system to
function.
• The election commission of a country
demarcates constituencies based on
census numbers pertaining to various
locations.
• After each election, the number of voters
is increased to see how many people
have moved in from other parts of the
country.
QUIZ
1. DMT Stage that has a very high growth in death rate and birth
rates.
2. DMT Stage where the death rate is more than the birth rate.
3. DMT Stage where people start entering into the economic
growth phase.
4. DMT Stage where the standard of living rises with more
economic and social developments
5. DMT Stage wherein the population is growing but at a
diminishing rate.
6. - 7. Give 2 factors of fertility rates
8. - 10. What are the three demographic processes?
KEY
• First Stage
• Fifth Stage
• Second Stage
• Fourth Stage
• Third Stage
• - 7. (dalawa lang) Favorable social norms,
Flexible labor markets, Cooperative fathers,
Family policies
8. - 10. Birth, death, and migration