See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/220704548

Calculation of Quantities of Spare Parts and the Estimation of Availability in

the Repaired as Old Models

Conference Paper · June 2011

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21524-7_51 · Source: DBLP

CITATIONS READS

0 2,109

4 authors, including:

Yin Zhe Yunfei Guo

Yanbian University Yanbian University
58 PUBLICATIONS   157 CITATIONS    12 PUBLICATIONS   16 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

geo science View project

gravitational waves project View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Yin Zhe on 18 March 2017.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Calculation of quantities of spare parts and the estimation of

availability in the repaired as old models

Zhe Yin 1.2* , Feng Lin 1, Yun-fei Guo 1,1, Mao-sheng Lai 2
(1 Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian
University), Ministry of Education. 133002 Yanji, China)
2
( Department of Information Management, Peking University. 100871 Beijing, China)
yinzhe@ybu.edu.cn
Abstract In this paper，based on the repair as old model under the same storage condition, the
quantities of spare parts M for N identical systems is derived on the condition that failures are
repaired with probability P 0 , a special example is given to prove the feasibility. Besides,
availability function expression is provided at the same time, and taking system which follows
Weibull distribution as the case, the validity of system is shown through calculation.
Key words: availability；spare parts；storage model；updating process

1 Introduction

Many equipments and systems is still repairable, this will include two cases ： One case is the need
to maintain in the process of working, and the other one is in the process of storage. This article gives
statistical analyses for the second kind of the time required for the maintenance. However, in actual fact,
the most concern of people is the storage quantity of spare parts and how to improve the availability of
equipment. Allen and D'esopo[1] proposed the idea that the spare parts should be classified before the
1960s. Cohen[2] divided needs into urgent needs and ordinary ones. Moore[3] did the classification
according the functions of spare parts. Because of the influence of spare parts to manufacture and
economy, many scholars have studied the amounts of the spare parts needed. P.Flint[4] provided the
advice that we should develop the fellowship and the resource sharing to reduce the cycle time. Besides,
Foote[5] studied stocks prediction, and Luxhoj and Rizzo[6] obtained the method of amounts of spare
parts needed of the same set based on the set model. Kamath[7] used the Bayesian method to predict the
amounts of spare parts needed. Yu[8] put forward and discuss the repaired as ole models, and offered
calculation formula of the quantities of spare parts M which could meet the needs of the equipment，
and Yan[9] studies the calculation of availability of the equipments that composed by only one part.
Based on this, this paper considers repaired as old model which has reduced the quantities of spare
parts and the validity of system is shown through calculation.

2 Repaired as old models and calculation of the quantities of spare parts

Model description Assume that a new system, beginning with zero time, and it is detected for every
time a(a>0), if it is normal, keep storing; otherwise, give the maintenance, that is, after a time b(0<b<a)
maintenance, the system restore normal and continue to store. If the maintenance process is equivalent
to more a store, but also has invalidated all the same system is said to the repaired as old model. For

convenience narrating, state random variable X t :

∗Corresponding author：Zhe Yin（1963-），Head of department of mathematics. Email: yinzhe@ybu.edu.cn

 1 , normal at time t
Xt  
0 , abnormal at timet

Note the distribution function of the first failure time of systems Z by F  t  . On the assumption of

model, when b  0 , the availability at time t , A  t   P  X t  1  1  F  t  ; when b  0 , note

ak  k  a ,  k  0,1,... , bk  k  a  b ,  k  1, 2,... , we can know from the model assumption :

When a0  t  a1 , A  t   1  F  t  X t , 2.1

1 F t 
When ak  t  bk  k  1 , A  t   P  X t  1| X ak  1 P  X ak  1  A  ak  2.2
1  F  ak 

When bk  t  ak 1  k  1 ,

A  t   P  X t  1| X ak  0   P  X t  1, X ak  1

 P  X t  1| X ak  0  P  X ak  0   P  X t  1| X ak  1 P  X ak  1

1  F t  1  F t 

1  F  bk 
1  A  ak   
1  F  ak 
A  aak  2.3

We can see from 2.1 and 2.2 that we can the available function of system A  t  at any time t only

  t 
if we calculate all A  ak  ,  k  1, 2,...,    . In formula 2.3, let t  ak 1 , when k  1 , we have
 a  

1  F (ak 1 ) 1  F (ak 1 ) 1  F ( ak 1 ) 
A(ak 1 )     A(ak )
1  F (bk )  1  F (ak ) 1  F (bk ) 

  t 
We can calculate A  ak  ,  k  1, 2,...,
 a   , making use of A  ak   1  F  ak  , further more,
 


the expression of availability function A  t  at any time t can be obtained.

Calculation of the quantities of spare parts

Assume that there are N  M ( M is the quantities of the spare parts) systems stored in the same
condition from time 0, the state of these N  M systems are independent, at the same time, they meet

repaired as old model, thus for any time during storage time T0 , the minimum M which meet the

condition that the probability that there are at least N normal systems is not less than P0 is:
  N m  N  m  N m j 
M  min m;    A  t  1  A  t    P0 , 0  t  T0  2.4
 jN  j  
Empirical analysis
There is a cycle pump in certain company, and 10 rubber bearings are spare parts. Besides, failure rate

  0.2 , repair rate   0.6 . We will discuss the quantities of spare parts in the case that P0 is 0.6,

 3
0.7, 0.8 and 0.9, respectively. Here, we take stable availability A  lim A  t    instead
n   4

of A  t  . In order that we can look up binomial distribution table, necessary improvement of 2.4 is

provided:
N m
 N  m N  m j
  A  t  1  A  t  
j N  j 
2.5
N m
 N  m N  m j
m
 N  m N m j
    
A t 1  A  
t     A  t  1  A  t  
j 0  j  j 0  j 

When P0  0.6 , we can obtain M  3 though formula 2.5 and looking up binomial distribution

table. In like manner, we can get M is 4, 5 and 9 when P0 is 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9, respectively.

If one rubber bearing costs 3000 yuan, the corresponding use of funds are 9000 yuan , 12000
yuan ,15000 yuan and 27000 yuan., such is Table 1.

Table 1. Empirical analysis

Quantities of spare Use of funds（yuan）
P0 Actual P0
parts
0.6 3 0.668 9000
0.7 4 0.7588 12000
0.8 5 0.821 15000
0.9 9 0.9436 27000

From the analysis of results, we can see that more quantities of spare parts, higher reliability, and
more use of funds. In the case of the lack of maintenance funds, how to balance reliability
and maintenance is the key consideration.

3 Model and notations

z1 : The storage life span of the equipment from t  0 , and z1 ~ F  t 

z j : The storage life span of the equipment after j  1 updating, z j ~ F  t 

z ji  ：The storage life span of the part i after j  1 updating, after j  1 updating,

i  1, 2; j  2, 3,...

z1 i  ：The storage life span of the part i from t  0 , z1 i  ~ Fi  t  , i  1, 2;

T1i  ：The time interval of part i from the beginning storage to the first updating, i  1, 2;

T ji  ：The time interval of part i from the j  1 updating to j updating, i  1, 2; j  2, 3,...

S ji  ：The jth updating time of part i , i  1, 2; j  2, 3,...

N  i   t  ：The updating times of part i during  0,t  , i  1, 2;

i  i
Besides, the distribution of T1 is G  i  1, 2   i  1, 2,3 , n  ，the distribution
i  i
of T2 is H  i  1, 2 , n 
Let ak  ka  k  1, 2, , n  ， bk  ka  b  k  1, 2, , n  ， ck  ka  c  k  1, 2, , n  ，

  
G i   g ji  ; j  1, 2, , n ， H  i   hji  ; j  1, 2, , n 

g j1  P T11  b j  P   j 1 a  Z    ja  1
j

 F1  ja   F1   j  1 a 

 R1   j  1 a   R1  ja  , j  1, 2, ,


hj1  P T2 `  ja  P   j 1 a  b  Z    ja  b  2
1

 F1  ja  b   F1   j  1 a  b 

 R1   j  1 a  b   R1  ja  b  , j  1, 2, ,


g j2   P T1 2  c j  P    j 1 a  Z    ja 1
2

 F2  ja   F2   j  1 a 

 R2   j  a  a   R2  ja  , j  1, 2, ,


hj 2   P T2 2  ja  P   j 1 a  b  Z    ja  c  2
1

 F2  ja  b   F2   j  1 a  b 
  R2   j  1 a  c   R2  ja  c  , j  1, 2 ,


g jn   P T11  n j  P    j 1 a  Z    a 
1
2

 Fn  ja   Fn   j  a  a 

 Rn   j  a  a   Rn  ja  , j  1, 2, 


hj n   P T2 n   ja  P   j  1 a  n  Z    ja  n  2
n

 Fn  ja  n   F2   j  1 a  n 

 Rn   j  1 a  n   Rn  ja  n  , j  1, 2, ,

Where Ri    1  Fi   is reliability function of part i  i  1, 2,3, n  .

4 Availability function

Because the availability of time t during the updating process depends on the last updating process
i 
before time t , we need to study distribution of S N  t   i  1, 2, , n  of part i  i  1, 2, , n  , the


i  i 
generating function of G and H
i
is g  x    g ji  s b j
and
j 1

 k 1
h i   s    hji  s ja , i  1, 2, , n . So the generating function of sk i1   T j i   i  1, 2, , n  is
j 1 j 1

k
 
g i   s  h i   s  The distribution of sk i1 is G i   H k i   i  1, 2, , n  , here H k i  denotes

i
k-integral of H ,  denotes convolution.

So the relation between distribution and generating function is as follows:

vji  0   g ji  , i  1, 2, , n. j  1, 2, 


  i 1 j 1  i  0   i 
v j   vk h j k , i  1, 2, , n. j  2,3, 
k 1






  i  n  j 1  i  m 1  i 
 v j   vk h j k , i  1, 2, , n. j  n  1, n  2, 
 k n

So far we can obtain the analytical availability function of the equipments, specific calculation is as
follows:

i when 0  t  a1 ,

A  t   P  X t  1  P  Z1  t   R t 

 ii  when a1  t  a2 ,


A  t   P  X t  1  P X 1  1, X a1  1  P X 1  1, X a2  0   

 R  t   P X t  1, X a1  0 
 iii  when am  t  am 1  m  2  ，there will be n kind of case:

Case 1 only change part 1

When bm  1  am1  m  2  ,


P X 1  1, S N1  t   bm , S N 2   t   cm 
  
 P X 1  1, S N1  t   bm P X 1  1, S N 2  t   cm 
m 1
 
 1 1
  
2
  i 1
 2
 
 P X 1  1,| S N   t   bm P S N   t   bm  P X 1  1, S N   t   0   P X 1  1, S N   t   c1 

So we have


P X t  1, S N1  t   bm , S N 2   t   c, d , , n 
1 j 1   2 j 1 
m m 1 l
2
 R  t  bm   vm  1   vl 
j 1  l 1 j 1 
Case 2 only change part 1


P X i  1, S N 2   t   cm , S N1  bm , , n 
m  m 1 l 1 j 1 
 R 2  t  cm   vm 
2 j 1
 1   vl 
j 1  l 1 j 1 

Case k only change part k


P X i  1, S N k   t   nm , S Ni i 1,2,,n   bm , cm , , mm 
m  m 1 i  i i 1,2,, n 1  j 1 
 R 2  t  nm   vm 
n j 1
 1   vi 
j 1  i 1 j 1 
Besides, we can obtain that
  i i1,2, ,n   j  j i  i 1,2,, n   
F  t   P Zi  i 1,2,,n   t  P  Z ii 1,2 ,,n    t  Z ii1,2 ,,n  t 
 
 

 i i 1,2,,n
 
 P Z i i1,2,,n     t  P Z ii1,2,,n
j i i 1,2,,n  
   
 t  P Z ii1,2,,n    t P Z i2i  1,2,,n   t
i i 1,2,,n

 Fi i 1,2,, n  t   Fj i i 1,2,, n   Fii 1,2,, n   t  Fj i i 1,2,, n 

5. Conclusion

This paper derives the quantities of spare parts M for N identical systems based on the repair as old

model n on the condition that failures are repaired with probability P 0

, and a special example is given

to prove the feasibility. Besides, availability function expression is provided at the same time, and
taking system which follows Weibull distribution as the case, the validity of system is shown through
calculation.

References

[1] Allen S.G., D.A. D'esopo. An ordering policy for repairable stock items [J].Operations Research, 1968, 16(3):
82-489
[2] Cohen M.A., P.R.Kleindorfer, H.Lee, etal. Multi-item service constrained(s, S) policy for spare parts logistics
system [J]. Naval Research Logistics, 1992, (39): 561-577
[3] Moore R. Establishing an inventory management program [J]. Plant Engineering, 1996, 50(3): 113-116
[4] P.Flint. Too much of a good thing: Better inventory management could save the industry millions while
improving reliability [J]. Air Transport World, 1995, (32):103 106
[5] B.Foote. On the implementation of a control-based forecasting system for air-craft spare parts procurement [J].
IIE Transactions, 1995, 27(2):210 216
[6] J.T.Luxhoj, T.P.Rizzo. Probabilistic spaces provisioning for repairable population models [J]. Journal of
Business Logistics, 1988, 9(1):95 117
[7] Kamath K. Rajashree, T.P.M. Pakkala. A Bayesian approach to a dynamic inventory model under an unknown
demand distribution [J].Computers & Operations Research, 2002, 29: 403-422
[8]Yu Dan, Yan Xia and Li Guoying. Fiducial inference for repaired as old Weibull distributed systems [J]. Chinese
：197-204(2004)
Journal of Applied Probability and Statistics，20（2）
[9] Yan Xia, Yu Dan and Li Guoying。Fiducial inference for a kind of repairable equipment[J]。Journal of Systems
Science and Mathematics Sciences，24（1）17-27(2004)
[10] Kostas―Platon Aronis, Ioulia Magou, Rommert Dekker, etal. Inventory con-trol of spare parts using a
Bayesian approach: a case study[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2004, 154: 730-739．

View publication stats