REQUIRMENTS OF AASHTO

PERCENTAGE

 REQUIRMENTS OF USCS (unified soil classification

system).
 STEPS TO THE MISSION:-

 Quartering of the sample:

Soil sample divided into 4 parts in the tray to obtain the particular
portion of the sample for different tests need to be performed.

 Sieve analysis of the sample:

As we know the requirements of the AASHTO classification system. it
requires the percentage passing of the sample through sieve no#4, no#
200, no# 40 and no#10. sieving has been done manually.
So the results of performed sieve analysis test for awarded soil sample
are:
Sieve through No# 4: Dry basis
On Dry basis we have sieved the sample through no#4 sieve
Procedure:
 Take soil sample and weigh it.
 Sieve it through sieve no# 4.
 Weigh the sample retained over sieve.
 Do the calculations and determine percentage passing.
Total weight of sample = 519.7grams
Sieve size Weight retained Percentage Comulative %age Percentage
in grams Weight retained Weight retained passing

#4 0 0 0 100

Sieve through No# 200: wet basis

On wet basis the sieving of sample through no#200 has been done
because of the fines in the sample.
Procedure:
 Take soil sample and weigh it as total weight for sieving through sieve no# 200.
 Sieve it through sieve no# 200.
 During sieving place it below water tape.
 Continue sieving below water tape untill , you get flow of water clear below the
sieve.
 Keep out the retained wet soil and place in container(weigh w1) and weigh it
with wet soil sample named it w2 and dry it by any drying method we dried it
with sand bath method and weigh w3.
 Do the calculations and determine percentage passing.
Calculations of weight retained over sieve #200:

W1 (weight of W2(weight of empty W3 (dry weight of W4 (Dried sample Remarks

empty container) container in grams+ soil sample ) in weight in grams)
in grams weight of soil sample) in grams
grams

120.8 375 301.3 180.5 Container BN-4

Results of sieving process:
Total weight of sample = 519.7grams
Sieve size Weight retained Percentage Cumulative %age Percentage
in grams Weight retained Weight retained passing

#200 180.5 34.732 34.732 65.268

Sieve through No# 40: Dry basis

On Dry basis we have sieved the sample through no#4 sieve. Retained soil sample
over sieve #200 is sieved through #40.
Procedure:
 Take soil sample and weigh it we took all soil retained over sieve no#200.
 Sieve it through sieve no# 40.
 Weigh the sample retained over sieve.
 Do the calculations and determine percentage passing.
Results of sieving process:
Total weight of sample = 180.5grams
Sieve size. Weight retained Percentage Cumulative %age Percentage
in grams Weight retained Weight retained passing

#40 6.1 3.380 3.380 96.62

Sieve through No# 10: Dry basis
On Dry basis we have sieved the sample through #10 sieve.Retained soil sample over
sieve #200 is sieved through #10.
Procedure:
 Take soil sample and weigh it we took all soil retained over sieve no#200.
 Sieve it through sieve #10.
 Weigh the sample retained over sieve.
 Do the calculations and determine percentage passing.
Results of sieving process:
Total weight of sample = 180.5grams
Sieve size Weight retained Percentage Comulative %age Percentage
in grams Weight retained Weight retained passing

#10 2.6 1.440 1.440 98.56

 DETERMINATION OF PLASTIC LIMIT:
Plastic limit is minimum water content at which soil changes its state from semi solid
state to plastic state. Or it may be defined as water content at which the soil, when
rolled into threads of 3mm diameter, start crumbling.
Method:
GLASS PLATE METHOD.
Apparatus required:
 Glass plate
 Moisture container
 Spatula
 Evaporation dish
 Electronic balance
 No40 sieve
 Distilled water
 Thermostatically controlled oven
Procedure:
 Take the oven dried soil sample from tray diagonally to first portion of the
sample
 Sieve it through #40
 Make the uniform paste
 Take some portion of soil paste and make ellipsoidal soil mass
 Convert it(ellipsoidal soil mass) into thread on glass plate upto get thread
diameter approximately 3mm.
 Repeat above steps untill thread starts crumbling when it reaches the diameter
of 3mm.
Results:
Since the soil sample was non-Plastic (river sand) it starts crumbling before forming
threads.
So hence PLASTIC LIMIT is zero
 DETERMINATION OF LIQUID LIMIT:-
liquid limit is minimum water content at which soil changes its state from plastic
state to liquid state. Or it may be defined as minimum water content at which the
bsoil, flows under its own weight.
Method:-
CASAGRANDE’S METHOD.
Apparatus required:-
 Casagrande’s apparatus
 Grooving Tool
 No40 sieve
 Distilled water
 Thermostatically controlled oven
 Electronic balance
 Evaporating dish and moisture container
Procedure:-
 Take the oven dried soil sample from tray diagonally to first portion of the
sample
 Sieve it through #40
 Make the uniform paste
 Take some portion of soil paste and fill the half brass cup of casagrande’s
apparatus, make sure paste in cup is free from air entrapped.
 Fall of cup is adjusted to 1cm
 Cut the groove of sample in brass cup symmetrically with the help of grooving
tool .
 Rotate the handle at 2 revaluation per second and note down the number of
blows when soil paste in brass cup grooved meets half inch from bottom
together.
 Repeat above procedure by increasing water content to get number of blows
below and above 25.
Results:-
Since the soil sample was non-Plastic (river sand) iT starts crumbling before forming
threads, So hence PLASTIC LIMIT is zero and we know that if the sample has zero
Plastic Limit its Liquid Limit automatically will be zero.
 CLASSIFICATION THROUGH AASHTO
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM:

Results of our sample:


Final Mission Results:Through AASHTO Classification.

 First of all our soil sample is satisfying the category of silt-clay material, with
having percentage passing through sieve no200 is 65.268%.
 Finally our soil sample satisfied its permanent place A- 4 being fulfilled with each
and every requirement of A-4 group.

GROUP OF AWARDED SAMPLE IS A - 4 (silty soil) BASED

ON ASSHTO CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM.
 CLASSIFICATION THROUGH USCS (unified soil
classification system):
Originally developed for use in air field by Casagrande’s and Later modified for
general used.
According to the USCS, the soils are divided into two
major categories:
1. Coarse-grained soils: that are gravelly and sandy in nature with less
than 50 % passing through the No 200 sieve.
2.Fine-grained soils: with 50% or more passing through the No. 200 sieve.
In this system, the soil is classified into 15 groups. Each group is designated a symbol
consisting of two capital letters,

Results of our sample:



 USCS CLASSIFICATION TABLE:
 PLASTICITY CHART:

USCS Classification Conclusion

Final Mission Results:Through USCS Classification.

AWARDED SAMPLE IS CLASSIFIED AS “ML” based on

USCS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM.

CONCLUSION:-
Silty soil is considered to be one of the most fertile of soils. It can occur in nature as
soil or as suspended sediment of a water body on the surface of the earth. It is
composed of minerals like quartz and fine organic particles. silty soil is majorly called
alluvial soil that is found near the river valleys. The silts collected by the water of the
rivers enriches the soil bed and that’s why the name is silty soil. This soil is rich in
potash and the plants or crops that grow well on this soil. Silty soil is easily able to
compact. So it is one of the best material to fill space beneath the floor of residential
building.