Q1: tell why 15 points Eman abo sweirh

1Preparation of nitrous acid in site the reaction when synthesis methyl

orange? To avoid hydrolysis HNO2 as it is a weak acid that is unstable
and decomposes at room temperature

2Primary aromatic amine is selected in methyl orange synthesis than

secondary or tertiary amines? Because the formation process requires
two protein transformation not found in secondary or triple amines

3Aldehyde is an excellent reagent for crossed aldols? Because it does

not contain hydogens so it can form a enoalate

4The compounds used in a crossed aldol condensation must be

carefully selected? To avoid unwanted product mixture

5We heat the mixture of benzamide hydrolysis without reflux for 3-5
min?to get rid excess ammonia

6Hydrolysis of benzamide reaction is reversible reaction? Because the

benzoite ion is in the state of residence and wants stability

Q2: answer the questions 15points

How the azo dye compounds give color1

Light absoption

Stir up electrons: happen electorin transation-------Then the light is

emitted------Then it gives us the color

2Write the mechanism for diazonizonium salt formation

3Illustrate the mechanism of dibenzalaceton synthesis

4Write two preparation methods of benzamide?1Carboxylic acid

reacts with sulphuric dichloride oxide followed by ammonia

22Carboxylic acid interacts with ammonia followed by dehydration of

ammonium salt
5What are advantages and disadvantages of steam distillation/
Advantage: Quality Control. ..Advantage: Wide Application.
...Disadvantage: Higher Equipment and Operating Cost