REPORT

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XXXXXXXXX(Title)

SE/TE - Mechanical Engineering

SUBMITTED BY

CHAITANYA RANADE 64

DHARMENDRA YADAV 63
HRITHIK POOJARY 61
DARSHAN PATIL 59

Guided By
Mr. UDHAV NIMBALKAR
Department of Mechanical Engineering

AY 2017-2018
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Thakur College of Engineering and Technology

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Table of content
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Design
3.1 Flowchart
3.2 Diagram
4. Working
4.1 Code
5. Applications
6. Disadvantages
7. Future Scope
8. Conclusion.
9. Reference​s

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1.INTRODUCTION
These days’ people always needed additional help systems. With the rapid
increase in the flow of information, people are now guided to search for
different markets and people have entered the competition to manufacture
quality products cheaply. Automation systems are also needed to realize this.
Because standardized automation systems are required to minimize errors
as well as to have experienced and well- trained employees for quality
products. Because of their physical characteristics, people needed to use
auxiliary machines in places where their strength was not enough. These
machines, which are operated with the need for human assistance in advance,
have been made to operate spontaneously without the need of human power
with the progress of technology. One of the most used components of
automation systems is robots. Robotic systems; Mechatronics Engineering,
Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering
have all come together to work together. In the project, researchers have
been done and implemented in order to have knowledge about mechanics
and software during the operations carried out by the robot arm which is
designed to fulfill the tasks determined in accordance with
predetermined commands. First, it was determined what function the robot
arm would be and what movements it could make. Robotic arm made of
Android phone or tablet control; it can carry the desired material, mix it up
and perform the commands previously determined by a user. If this project is
also a designated task; the robotic arm takes a piece of material and brings it
to the desired position and then records its movements and lets it do the same
action until we stop it. The servomotor is preferred in order to be able to
perform these operations properly since the motor to be selected must
operate precisely and must be at high torque. The robot arm is composed of 5
servo motors and can move in 4 axis directions with these motors.

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2.METHDOLOGY

Servo Motors

Servo; Detects the operation error of a mechanism, provides feedback and

corrects faults. The servo motor can have alternating current (AC), direct
current (DC) or stepper motors. In addition to these, there are drive and
control circuits. Servo motors are the kinds of motors that can fulfill the
commands we want. They can operate steadily even at very small or very
large speeds. In these motors, the large moment can be obtained from the
small size.

Arduino board

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use

hardware and software. ​Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a
sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output
- activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. You
can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the
microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the ​Arduino programming
language (based on ​Wiring​), and ​the Arduino Software (IDE)​, based on
Processing​.

Potentiometer

This ​Arduino Robotic Arm can be controlled by ​four Potentiometers

attached to it, each potentiometer is used to control each servo. You can
move these servos by rotating the pots to pick some object, with some
practice you can easily pick and move the object from one place to another.

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We have used low torque servos here but you can use more powerful servos
to pick heavy objects.

Power

The power supply selected for feeding the control circuit of the
servomotors is capable of delivering the same current even if all the
synchronous servo motors are operating. When all servo motors are
operated at the same time, they draw 0.5A current. In addition, 5 V was
needed for the Arduino used for robot movement in the project. This
requirement is provided by a 5V power supply.

Hardware

● Arduino or Genuino Board

● Momentary button or Switch
● hook-up wires
● breadboard

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3.DESIGN
3.1 Flow chart

3.2Diagram

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The design part is divided into two parts, the mechanical part design,
and the mechanical part installation. In the design of the mechanical part,
the millimetric drawings of the parts to be used in the robot arm construction
were made through the help program. In the installation of the mechanical
part, the naming of the servo motors used in the robot arm and the tasks
during the operation of the robot are explained. The construction of the
project consists of several steps. These steps are;
● Determination of the mechanical materials required for the production
of the project,
● Determination of microcontroller and software to be used in the
project,
● Search and selection of servo motors that will run the robot arm in a
proper way,
● Proper selection of mechanical parts,
● Implementation of robot arm assembly,
● Testing the system to see if it works properly with the
microcontroller we choose,

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 ● Possible faults have been given in the form of restructuring the
system by passing through the eye.
● These steps have been completed and the design of the robot has been
completed

4.WORKING
The basic commands are explained after the basic information is given and
the robot can perform the required tasks. In the program section, there is the
software information required for the movement of the robot. The
programming part of the pro- gram is given in Appendix to the project to
make the project more regular.

code

5.APPLICATION
The robotic arm is used for multiple industrial applications, from welding,
material handling, and thermal spraying, to painting and drilling. The robotic

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technology also provides human-like dexterity in a variety of environments.
These may include servicing nuclear power stations, welding and repairing
pipelines on the ocean floor, remote servicing of utility power lines, or
cleaning up radioactive and other hazardous wastes.
An example of where automated robotic arms are used is in the
auto-manufacturing industry. Robots have been a boom to the
auto-manufacturing industry. Most industrial robots work in auto assembly
lines, putting cars together. Robots can do a lot of this work more efficiently
than human beings because they are so fast and precise. They also have
significantly reduced worker injuries, including repetitive stress injuries and
more significant mishaps that can do major harm. Additionally, the robots
turn out a more consistent product at a significantly cheaper cost than can
humans. Currently, robotic-assisted auto manufacturing allows a car to be
made with much more precisely as robotic arms always drill in the exactly
the same place, and they always tighten bolts with the same amount of force,
no matter how many hours they've been working. Finally, robots save on the
cost of labor: There are no sick days, strikes, work slowdowns or other
problems that can crop up with humans. Robots can, in fact, work around the
clock with a minimum of human supervision. The auto-manufacturing
industry is a specific example of where the design of our robot can be
applied. In this industry robots may be required to collect and stack tyres just
as our one does.

6.DISADVANTAGES
They need constant monitoring
Robots have to be monitored at all times to ensure that they do not get any
mechanical faults which would cause them to stall. This could lead to losses
to the company. With the advancements in technology, monitoring robots
has become very easy. It can even be done remotely. The robots are able to
send feedback of their processes via text to the operator. In case of a
technical hitch, it can also be corrected remotely without having to stop the
robot.

Robots are not creative or innovative

Robots do not have the capacity to be creative or innovative. Robots can
only complete tasks as they are instructed to through programming. Robots
do not have the capacity to tell when consumer preferences are changing and
what they want. Manufacturing companies therefore must always keep their
eyes on the market and adapt to the market changes. Acquiring a cobot

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enables companies the flexibility to change and adapt fast but that task
cannot be delegated to the robots

Technical Know-how limitations

When acquiring a robot, often the acquiring organization does not have the
necessary expertise. Collaborative robots have the capacity to perform
numerous tasks within the factory and factory workers need the knowledge
to make it work effectively. In addition, collaborative robots also require
numerous add-ons and external fixtures that most buyers do not know about.

The aggregator or robot manufacturer ensures that they train the buyers of
their robots. This training is an additional cost above the cost of buying the
robot.

7.FUTURE SCOPE

Many medical problems people face today are difficult to solve, but Arduino
may provide helpful solutions. Arduino is capable of making medical
devices and low-cost PLC controllers. Such devices will open up a whole
host of options and capabilities that never existed for medicine. Specifically,
these methods may expedite simple examinations such as blood pressure, so
that doctors can deal with more complex problems such as treating cancer or
attending to patients in need of emergency care. In addition, Arduino can be
used to develop an infrared heart sensor. This device would be used on a
subject’s finger to measure blood flow through the patient’s finger. The
amount of oxygenated blood will be shown in the finger, causing the infrared
light to reflect off the skin and towards the transmitter. A sensor wired to an
Arduino will show the fluctuations of the oxygen and detect the heartbeat of
the subject. Lastly, Arduino controlled devices can assist the elderly by
prompting them to take their pills.

In business, Arduino can allow businesses to develop more products that are
easily upgradeable. For example, there is no way for consumers to alter the
functionality of a washing machine or a microwave they purchased.
Therefore, if such products used an Arduino board, then consumers would be
able to modify the interface in a way to meet their needs. Furthermore, this
board could reduce the minimum volume necessary to include a control and
sensing system within consumer goods and allow businesses to bring many
more unique devices to the market at lower volumes.

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Whether it’s medicine, business, or industry, the endless possibilities enabled
by Arduino

8.CONCLUSION

Robotic arms, many areas are developable. Thanks to the robotic arms, many
tasks are made easier and the resulting error level has been reduced to a
minimum. For example; some pharmacy-based drug-giving robots and a
projected robot arm have been developed. In addition to this, the ability to
move the robot arm is further increased, and when the camera is placed
in the finger area and the sensitivity is increased, it can be used in a wide
range of applications from the medical sector to the automation systems.
With the robotic arms developed in this way, the risk of infecting the
patient in the medical sector is minimized, while the human errors are
minimized during the surgical intervention. Despite the fact that the
robotic arm made by this project is of prototype quality, it has a quality that
can be improved for more robotic systems. Besides these, the robotic arm
sector, which is open to development, will keep its importance in the future.
The purpose of the project is to provide control of 4 axes moving robot arm
design and this robot arm with a suitable microcontroller and Bluetooth
module with android application.

9.REFERENCES

1. WMHW Kadir, RE Samin, BSK Ibrahim. The Internet controlled a robotic

arm.
Procedia Engineering. 2012.

2. MAK Yusoff, RE Samin, mobile robotic arm. Procedia Engineering.

2012.

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3. AM Al-Busaidi, Development of an educational environment for
online

control of a biped robot using MATLAB and Arduino, (MECHATRONICS),

9th France-Japan.2012.

4. HS Juang, KY Lurrr. Design and control of a two-wheel self-balancing

robot

using the Arduino microcontroller board. Control and Automation (ICCA),

2013.

5. R Krishna, GS Bala, SS ASC, BBP Sarma. Design and implementation of

a

robotic arm based on haptic technology. Int. J. of Eng. Research. 2012

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