Faculty of Higher Education

Assignment Cover Sheet

Unit Code H16007

Unit Name STATISTICS FOR BUSINESS DECISIONS

Assignment Number TUTORIAL QUESTIONS 1

Due Date 5 -05-2020

Declaration
Complete this and attach as a front cover sheet to your Blackboard submission

We certify that:

1. This assignment is our own work. We have acknowledged and disclosed any assistance received in its
preparation and cited all sources from which data, ideas, words (whether quoted directly or
paraphrased) were taken.

2. This assignment was prepared specifically for this unit only.

3. The reference list is truthful and accurate and in Harvard referencing style.

Student name/s & ID LECTURER NO OF QUES SUBMITTED

JATINDER SINGH( Dy80290) 1,2,3,4,5
 Table of Contents
Answer to Question (Week 1)....................................................................................................2

Part A.....................................................................................................................................2

Part B......................................................................................................................................2

Part C......................................................................................................................................3

Answer to Question (Week 2)....................................................................................................4

Part A.....................................................................................................................................4

Part B......................................................................................................................................5

Part C......................................................................................................................................5

Answer to Question (Week 3)....................................................................................................6

Part A.....................................................................................................................................6

Part B......................................................................................................................................7

Part C......................................................................................................................................7

Answer to Question (Week 4)....................................................................................................8

Part A.....................................................................................................................................8

Part B......................................................................................................................................9

Answer to Question (Week 5)..................................................................................................10

Part (A).................................................................................................................................11

Part B....................................................................................................................................12

Reference..................................................................................................................................13
ANS TO QUES 1 :

a)

Bar chart:

 Bar chart is the graphical way of representing the data values using
bars (rectangles), if the data contains more than two categories.
 The height of each bar corresponds to the proportion of each category.
 Bar chart compares the each category of the data values.

Step 2
In the given situation, the number of enrollments in 2018 and 2019 for
different major is given.

Here, the different major represents the categories and number of enrollments
is represented by bars. Hence, the suitable chart is Bar chart.

Excel Procedure: 

 Enter the given data in Excel.

 Select the three columns data in excel.
 Go to insert.
 Go to Insert > chart.
 Click on Clustered column chart.

Chart:

From the above chart, it can be seen that, the number of enrollments in 2019
is higher than number of enrollments 2018 in all major except Audit.

THE PERCENTAGES OF THE NUMBERS OF ENROLMENT OF DIFFERENT REQUIRED FOR

PART B , ARE CALCULATED BELOW .
STUDY MAJOR YEAR 2018 PERCENTAGE YEAR 2019 PERCENTAGE
IN 2018 IN 2019

STATISTICS 1700 23.20 2250 25.59

BUSINESS LAW 700 9.55 900 10.11

ACCOUNTING 1300 17.74 1450 16.30

ECONOMICS 750 10.23 1000 11.24

FINANCE 1450 19.78 1758 19.76

MARKETING 1069 14.59 1189 13.36

MANAGEMEN
T
AUDITING 360 4.91 351 3.94

TOTAL 7329 100 8898 100

 Chart Title
2500

2000

1500

1000

500

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IS
T T M N TI
AT SS N O NA EM UD
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Series 1 Series 3

PART B

Pie chart:

 A pie chart is a circular graph that shows the relative contribution of

each category to overall total.
 It generally shows percentage or proportional data and the percentage
represented by each category.

In the given situation, the number of enrollments in different major in year

2018 and 2019 are given.

Here, for comparing the percent of the number of enrollments in each major is
represented by each slice of pie. Hence, the suitable chart is Pie chart.

PIE CHART FOR 2018 :

 Sales

STATISTICS BUSINESS LAW ACCOUNTINGS ECONOMICS

FINANCE MARKETING AUDITING

PIE CHART FOR 2019 :

Sales

STATISTICS BUSINESS LAW ACCOUNTING ECONOMICS

FINANCE MARKETING AUDITING

ANS TO QUES 2
PART A
TYPE OF SURVEY METHOD USED :
THE RESEARCHERS WOULD WISH TO COLLECT SURVEY OF THE MAXIMUM OPULATION
AS POSSIBLE .IF THE RESEARCHER HAS ACCES TO CONSIDERABLE RESOURCES IN THE
FORM OF TIME AND MONEY , THEN THEY CAN COLLECT DATA FROM EACH DISTRICT OF
COUNTRY SEPARATELY ,WITH HELP OF AN INTERVIEW METHOD OF SURVEY .
HOWEVER IF SUCH RESOURCES ARE NOT ABUNDANTLY
AVAILABLE , THEN THEY MAY USE AN ONLINE SURVEY METHOD IN WHICH THEY CAN
SEND OUT QUESTIONNAIRES THROUGH EMAIL, RESPOND BACK
PART B :
SAMPLING METHOD
CLUSTER SAMPLING :
IN CLUTTER SAMPLING ,THE POPULATION IS SUBDIVIDED INTO NATURALLY OCURING
GROUPS CALLED CLUSTERS SUCH THAT CAN BE TREATED AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF
POPULATION . THEN A DESIRED OF THOSE GROUPS ARE SELECTED AT RANDOM FROM
THE LIST OF GROUPS AND EVERY UNIT IN THE SELECTED GROUP IS CONSIDERED IN
ANALYSIES .
THE RESERCHER WOULD SURELY TRY TO COLLECT A SAMPLE THAT IS A GOOD
REPRESNTATIVE OF POPULATION IN THE MOST CONVINENT WAY POSSIBLE . NOW IT IS
OFTEN TO FIND NATURALLY OCCURING HETEROGENOUS SUB GROUPS WITHIN A
POPULATION RATHER THAN UNDER HOMOGENOUS SUB GROUPS . THUS THE
RESERCHERS COULD TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE NATURAL HETEROGENOUS SUB
SECTIONS TO COLLECT THEIR DATES .
PART C
THE DATA VARIABLE SHOULD BE COLLECTED IN THE FORM OF TIME OF WORKING AND
WAGES BEING OFFERED TO BOTH THE GENDER . BECAUSE SUCH VARIABLE WILL EASILY
HELP A PERSON TO DIFFERANTIATE BETWEEN DIFFERENT WAGES BEING OFFERED BY
DIFFERENT ORGANISATION TO MALES AND FEMALE UNDER A CERTAIN TIME INTERVAL.
PART D :
Specialist tiredness is one of the deterrents to information assortment for subjective
research. Directing center gatherings and meetings can be unpleasant for the specialist
who is gathering the information. Specialist weariness is a key component to the
smooth stream and accomplishment of effective center gatherings and interviews
(Dickson – Swift, James, Kippen, and Liamputton, 2007 ; Fern, 1982). This suggests
analyst weakness can decrease the nature of information. The onus is on the analyst to
deal with the wearinessrelated with center gatherings and meetings so as to guarantee
information quality. Analysts must be perceptive, study individuals, listen mindfully, and
handle differing character types (Fern, 1982; Kreuger, and Casey, 2009). The specialist
has the obligation of tempting the peaceful members during center gatherings
Setting of meeting :
is a urgent component of the information gathering process (Gill,
Stewart, Treasure, and Chadwick, 2008). The area of a meeting is a vital constituent of
information assortment to which each specialist must give foremost consideration. The
nature of information assortment, both great and terrible, is essentially affected by the
area of meeting. The meeting scene, the organization office, was consistently utilized by
the staff to examine and resolve understudies' contention, social and scholarly related
matters such huge numbers of students saw they would be accused of an offense when
they entered the space for a gathering (Rimando, et al., 2015). Respondents may waver
to discharge data on the off chance that they have a negative discernment about the
scene of the meeting .
ANS TO QUES 3 :
THE NUBER OF INDIVIDUALS IN EACH LOCATION :
LOCATION CATEGORY FREQUENCY

LOCATION GROUP A 5

LOCATION GROUP B 7

LOCATION GROUP C 12

LOCATION GROUP D 25

LOCATION GROUP E 10
LOCATION GROUP F 6

INDIVIDULAR ARE BEING REPRESENTED BY THEIR RESPECTIVE FREQUENCY.

PART A
COMPARING NO OF INDIVIDUALS IN EACH LOCATION
BAR CHART :

BAR CHART FOR LOCATION

30

25

20

15

10

0
LOCATION BROUP B GROUP C GROUP D GROUP E GROUP F
GROUP A

Column1

THE OBTAINED CHART SHOWS THAT LOCATION GROUP D HAS THE HIGHEST NUMBER
OF INDIVIDUALS , THAT IS 25 AND LOCATION GROUP A HAS THE LOWEST NUMBER OF
INDIVIDUALS THAT IS , 5
PART B
OCCUPATION CATEGORY FREQUENCY

GROUP 1 4
GROUP 2 26

GROUP 3 15

GROUP 4 12

GROUP 5 5

GROUP 6 3

BAR CHART FOR PROPROTION WOULD BE SUITABLE TO REPESENT AND COMPARE THE
GROUPS .

BAR CHART
30

25

20

15

10

0
GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 GROUP 4 GROUP 5 GROUP 6

Column1

ACCORDING TO FOLLOWING BAR CHART DISTRIBUTION , GROUP 2 HAS MAXIMUM

OCCUPANT THAT IS 26 AND GROUP 6 HAS MINNIMUM OCCUPANTS THAT IS 3 .
ANS TO QUES 4 :
GIVEN AS RESEARCHER WISHES TO USE GRAPHICAL DESCRIPTIVE METHODS TO PRESENT
SUMMARIES OF DATA ON EACH OF THE TWO VARIABLES THAT IS HOURS WORKED PER
WEEK AND YEARLY INCOME AS STORED IN FILE
PART A
THE NUMBER OF CLASS INTERVAL (K) BY USINF 2^K RULE .
WHERE ,
K REPRESENTS THE NUMBER OF CLASS INTERVALS .

N REPRESENTS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS

THAT IS ,
2^K ≥N
2^7 ≥ 65
128 ≥ 65
PART B
THE WIDTH OF CLASS INTERVAL FOR THE VARIABLE HOURS PER WEEKS

WIDTH= MAXIMUM DATA VALUE – MINIMUM DATA VALUE / NO OF CLASSES

= 44.5 – 13 / 7

= 4.5 = 5
THUS WIDTH OF CLASS INTERVAL IS 5
PART B
 WEEK VARIABLE
6

0
15<X<20 20<X<25 25<X<30 30<X<35

Column2

BAR CHART ON INCOME VARIABLE :

YEARLY INCOME VARIABLE

7

0
40<X<45 45<X<50 50<X<55 55<X< 60 60<X<65 65<X<70

VARIABLE

ANS TO QUES 5

Step 1
Let yearly income be 'X' and hours per week be 'Y'

  x     Y
1 41.2   1 11.5
2 43.3   2 13
3 43.6   3 15
4 43.8   4 16
5 44.5   1 18
6 44.8   2 18
7 46   3 18
8 46.2   4 18.5
9 46.8   5 19
10 48.2   6 20
11 49.3   7 20
12 49.5   8 22
13 49.8   9 23.5
14 50.3   10 24
15 50.5   11 24.5
16 51.2   12 24.5
17 51.5   13 24.5
18 52.6   14 25
19 52.8   15 25.5
20 52.9   16 25.5
21 53.8   17 26
22 53.9   18 26
23 54.2   19 26.5
24 54.3   20 27
25 55.1   21 27
26 55.3   22 27.5
27 55.3   23 27.5
28 55.5   24 27.5
29 55.6   25 28
30 55.7   26 28
31 55.8   27 28
32 56.1   28 30.5
33 56.2   29 30.5
34 56.7   30 31.5
35 57.3   31 31.5
36 57.8   32 32
37 58.2   33 32.5
38 58.3   34 33
39 58.4   35 33.5
40 59.2   36 34.5
41 59.3   37 34.5
42 59.4   38 34.5
43 60.5   39 34.5
44 61.5   40 34.5
45 61.7   41 35
46 62   42 35
47 62.3   43 36
48 63.4   44 36
49 63.7   45 36
50 63.8   46 37
51 64.2   47 37
52 64.3   48 37
53 64.5   49 37.5
54 64.7   50 37.5
55 66.1   51 38
56 66.3   52 38
57 66.5   53 38.5
58 66.7   54 39
59 68.5   55 39
60 69.7   56 40
61 71.2   57 41
62 72.3   58 41.5
63 73.2   59 42.3
64 74.2   60 43.5
65 74.8   61 44.5
Total 3726.3   Total 1941.8
Step 2

For quartiles we first arrange the data in ascending order. Then using the following
formula we find the quartiles

Where Q2 is the median

Here for example if Q1 = 6.5th value then

Q1 = 6th + 0.5 (7th - 6th)

Step 3
  th value
Q1 16.5
Q2 33
Q3 49.5
   
Yearly Income ('000's)   Hours Per Week  
         
Mean 57.3277   Mean 29.87385
Standard Deviation 8.2670   Standard Deviation 8.045287
Sample Variance 68.3439   Sample Variance 64.72665
Range 33.6   Range 33
Minimum 41.2   Minimum 11.5
Maximum 74.8   Maximum 44.5
Q1 51.35   Q1 24.5
Q2 56   Q2 30.5
Q3 63.75   Q3 36.5

GENERAL FORMULA TO CALCULATE THE FOLLOWING STATISTICS

SAMPLE MEAN (X) = 1/N ∑ Xi ( n is the sample size )
Median = 50 th percentage of data arranged
Range = largest value – smallest value
Sample variance = 1/n-1 ∑(xi – x)^2
Sample standard deviation = √ 1/n-1 ∑(xi – x)
Minimum = least value = x1
Maximum = larges value = xn
Part a
Yearly income
Measures are provide as an image .a box plot is also provided .
But actually mode <median<mean ,so it is a right skewed distribution
c.v = s/x *100%= 8.3166116/57.25 *100%
c.v = 14.53%
average income = 57.25 *100
= 57251.5625

Hours per week

c.v = s/x *100 % = 7.9242144/29.7625 *100 %
= 26.62%
c.v(yearly income ) ,c.v ( hours per week)
yearly income is more consistent
average hours per week = 29.7625

PART B
CORRELATION (R) = ∑(Xi – x) (yi – y)/√ ∑(xi –x)^2 ∑(yi – y)
Where xi – data of yearly income
Yi – data of hours per week

R = 3360.454 / √ 4357.460 * √ 3955.970

= 0.8094
R is +ve , so its direction is positively
SCATTER DIAGRAM :
ANS TO QUES 6
PART A
HERE DEPENDENT VARIABLE IS YEARLY INCOME & INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IS
HOURS WORKED PER WEEK BECAUSE NO OF HOURS A PERSON CANWORK IS
INDEPENDENT WHERAS AMOUNT HE EARNS DEPEND ON HOURS

PART B
AS DATA IS NOT ATTACHED IN THE QUESTION, I HAVE ASSUMED FOLLOWING DATA
–
HOURS PER WEEK YEARLY INCOME

20 45000

18 44700

16 42500

25 54000
 28 51000

15 49000

27 55000

37 62000

SCATTER PLOT :

COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINATION = 0.9728

PART C
Lineat regression calcuator-

y = 779.27x + 32268
equation y = 779.87x + 32268

PART D
THE VALUE OF R^2 = 0.9728 , WHICH MEANS THE GIVEN LINEAR REGRESSION FITS
97.28% OF DATA .