INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

SCIENCE

1
Lecture 1
Information Technology (IT)
•Hardware

•Software

•Network
2
 Identify Computer Fundamentals

A computer is a electronic device that

performs the four basic operations that
comprise the information processing cycle
(IPOS): Input, Processing, Output, and
Storage

3
 Identify Computer Fundamentals

 Input: The action of entering data

 Processing: The manipulation of the input data

 Output: The display of the information

 Storage: The action of saving information for later

use

4
 Types of Computer

oMainframe
oPersonal computer
oLaptop
oPDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
5
Mainframe computer
 Very powerful computer and it often connected to
many individual PCs over network.

 Faster than PCs, used for processing large amounts

of data

 Very expensive.

 Typical users :Banks and Building Societies,

6

Insurance
Personal computer
 Fast , less expensive

 Getting cheaper by the day

 Typical users : Home users , Doctors, Education.

7
Laptop
 Laptop as PC in capacity

 It’s portable computer.

 Expensive than PC.

 Typical users : Business users

8
PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
 Much smaller storage capacity compared to a PC.

 Small enough to held in the palm of the hand.

 Typical users : Business users

9
 Computer Components
Hardware Software
Refers to the Is the collection of
physical component instructions that
of your computer make the computer
such as keyboard, work
mouse, and CPU

10
 Hardware

Input Output
CPU
Units Units

11
Input Units

12
Output Units

13
 Central Processing Unit
 The base unit of the computer

14
 Central Processing Unit
CPU

Control Unit ALU Memory Unit

15
 Motherboard
A circuit board connecting the central
processing unit (CPU) with other system
components

16
 Processor
 Central Processing Unit
 Acts as the brain of the computer

17

Measured by Megahertz – Gigahertz

 Memory Unit (Main Memory)
ROM (Read Only RAM(Random Access
Memory) Memory)

• is non-volatile or • is volatile and is erased

permanent when the computer is
• is used only for switched off.
reading. • is used for both read and
writ.

18
 Memory & Storage
Primary RAM (Random
Storage Access Memory)

Computer
USB
Storage

Secondary
DVD
Storage

Hard Disk

 RAM: Temporarily stores the programs and data

 Secondary Storage: retains data even when
19
machine is turned off
 Storage Devices
(Secondary Memory )

 Hard disk .

 DVD

 CD - ROM.

 Flash Memory

20
 Storage Capacity units

 Bit = ( 0 or 1).

 Byte = 8 bits ( required to store one character ).

 Kilo Byte = 1024 Byte.

 Mega Byte = 1024 Kilo Byte.

 Giga Byte = 1024 Mega Byte

21
 Communication Devices

 Allows exchange of information within and

between computers and other devices

 Communications device: Connects computer to a

network (Internet)

 Examples:

 Modem

 Network interface card (NIC) 22

 Peripheral Devices

 Components outside the system unit that are connected

physically or wirelessly to the system (examples:
keyboard, mice, monitors)

23
 Data vs. Information
 Data: is raw, unorganized facts that need to be
processed.
 Information: When data is processed, organized,
structured or presented in a given context so as to make
it useful, it is called information.
 Example:
 Data: List of dates
 Information: Holidays in 2015

24
 Storage Capacity
Storage Capacity

Hard disk 500 GB – 2 TB

Flash Memory 4, 8 , 16, 32, 64 GB

DVD 4- 5 GB

CD- ROM 500 – 720 MB

Floppy Disk 1.4 MB

25
 Software
Operating System Application
Software
Is the special type of Is the type of program
program which loads which you use once
automatically when the operating system
you start your has been loaded into
computer. memory (RAM)

26
 Operating System

Type of operating system

 Dos .

 Windows ( XP, Vista , 7, 8 , 10).

 Unix.

 Linux .

 Mac 27
 Main task of Operating
System
 Start up the computer.

 Control all the Hardware.

 Enable other programs to run.

 Control all the files (create , open, copy ,

delete,…etc).
28
Application Software

29
Application Software

30
 Network
Two or more computers connected together and allow
PCs to share information(files), disk storage, and
resource as (printers)

 WAN( allow PCs connected together over a wide

area .

 LAN (allow PCs connected together within

company or organization . 31