TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Author: Zita Krajcso

Author: Juan José Arevalillo (Unit 1 Activity 3)
Provider: Centre for Translation Studies, University of Vienna
Subject area: specialised translation
Title of the resource: eTransFair e-module on TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY
Licence: CC BY 4.0

MODULE1 “TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY”

In this module you learn about translation technology. The module consists of units and each unit deals
with a different aspect of the topic (see table above). At the beginning of each unit you find the learning
outcome to be reached after completing the learning activities. You also find information on the learning
context, f.i. competences required for the specific content provided in the unit, technical and other
requirements and your workload given in minutes. For your orientation an overview of the activities and
their main characteristics (title, description, rationale etc.) are also provided. Afterwards you find the
activities in a worksheet. At the end a reference for further reading is given.

Please feel free to add your own examples (own activities, best practices, used methods, assessment
techniques etc.) to the list of units because not all aspects of quality management could be considered
in this module.

Below you will find the module’s structure divided into units and indicating the topic to be dealt with.

Module “TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY”

Unit 1 Introduction to translation productivity tools
Unit 2 Evaluation of translation productivity tools
Unit 3 Use of translation productivity tools

1
The module could either be used for individual training or as part of an existing training programme. All activities within the
modules are only ideas and cannot be regarded as an entire course or constitute the main part of a training course.
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Table of contents
UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS..................................................5
ACTIVITY 1 TECHNOLOGY - THE EXTENSION OF HUMAN CAPABILITIES........................................................10
ACTIVITY 2 INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS...........................................................10
ACTIVITY 3 TECHNOLOGY - PAST AND FUTURE..........................................................................................11
UNIT 2: EVALUATION OF TRANSLATION PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS.....................................................12
ACTIVITY 1 WHICH TOOL TO CHOOSE?.....................................................................................................17
ACTIVITY 2 A TRANSLATION PRODUCTIVITY TOOL IN DETAIL.......................................................................17
ACTIVITY 3 WORKFLOW OF TRANSLATION PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS...............................................................18
UNIT 3: USE OF TRANSLATION PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS....................................................................20
ACTIVITY 1 WEBINAR - CAT TOOLS..........................................................................................................33
ACTIVITY 2 TRANSLATION REQUEST..........................................................................................................34
ACTIVITY 3 TRANSLATION COMMENTARY...................................................................................................35
ACTIVITY 4 MACHINE TRANSLATION - EVALUATION....................................................................................36
ACTIVITY 5 COMPARISON OF MACHINE TRANSLATIONS..............................................................................37
ACTIVITY 6 CORPUS.................................................................................................................................37
List of figures..............................................................................................................................................38
List of references.......................................................................................................................................38
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Didactical background information for trainer

Structure of activities:
individual work / work in small groups → discussion in small groups / whole-class → evaluation in small
groups / whole-class → evaluation by trainer
This way learning occurs through: knowledge activation → knowledge extension → knowledge
organisation → knowledge assessment.

Attention! We move from knowledge orientation (what) to competence orientation (how) through inquire-
based learning.

Inquire-based learning:
 Problem-oriented: real-life problems of future translators are embedded into activities
 Research-based: trainees get as little instructions as possible, knowledge and competence will
be acquired through searching (info-mining competence).
 Up-to-date: trainees do not learn to work with one specific tool (tools and their functions get
obsolete!) rather they develop a toolkit to evaluate tools.
 Future-oriented: sharpening a sense of staying/keeping informed (e.g. through activities linked
to future work – Unit 1, activity 4)
 Fosters critical thinking through questioning, e.g. evaluation method:
1) evaluating according to own criteria (basic)
2) evaluating according to guidelines (complex) – questioning own evaluation criteria
 Includes not only rational but also other aspects of real-life, e.g. emotions like fear/anxiety
related to machine translation
 Fosters teamwork through steadily changing group-composition (at the beginning also place for
individual study)
 Fosters communication through presentation in different teams and in whole-class
 Fosters communication through guidelines and toolkits (e.g. how to verbalise arguments
regarding a translation choice / how to evaluate tools)
 Trainee-centred learning: trainer steps back and has a guiding role.

Transferability:
 Synergies can be transferred with other subjects: through links between modules / working
collaboratively across subject boundaries → Cross-curricular working and close cooperation
between lecturers are required
 Content and language is replaceable through other topics, languages, e.g. in Unit 3, Activity 2, 4
 Transferable skills are fostered through activities / linking activities to other modules. What has
been learnt in one module will be required in another one and vice versa.
 Working with as many group members in peer or in small groups as possible fosters reflection
and evaluation by giving feedback and/or receiving it from others
 Connected to professional future: trainees get to know different tools e.g. through evaluation
rather than learning to work with one specific tool which will be out-of-date/obsolete when they
start work
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Evaluation may include presentation in whole-class – trainer extends missing information (presence
needed) or collects ideas in white board (distance learning – presence not needed).

In case of simultaneous work (e.g. Unit 2, Activity 2) it is better to use online tools to avoid
redundancies.
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS

Learning After completing this unit you will have an overview of the translation productivity tools
outcome available on the market.

Learning context
Pre-requisites Understanding the general concepts of translation.
Having a sound basis competence in ICT.
Learning Computer, internet and beamer
Environment
Time/Workloa 180 min
d

Overview of learning activities

Title Description Rationale/goal Type of activity Assessment Estimated
timeframe
1. Discussion about Activating Brainstorming, Feedback 20 min
Technology - how technology knowledge with presenting from the +
the affects our work as regard to the ideas in whole- whole group 10 min
extension of translator capacity of class, & trainer feedback
human technology structuring from the
capabilities ideas by trainer group &
trainer
2. Brainstorming on Extending and Brainstorming, Feedback 30 min
Introduction well-known tools structuring presenting from the +
to translation knowledge in the ideas in whole- whole group 20 min
productivity field of class, & trainer feedback
tools translation structuring from the
productivity tools ideas by trainer group &
trainer
3. Individual research Discussing the Reading and Feedback Individual
Technology - on the history of past & future and discussion in from trainer work: 60 min
past and tools and fears; initiate small groups in form of a Discussion:
future translators’ roles curiosity and an presentation 30 min
Discussion about attitude for : how
translators’ future keeping informed translators’
working conditions work change
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Background information for trainer: 

Activity 1

Following areas of human abilities/capacities can be enhanced through technology:

 mobility
 interaction
 sociability
 speed,
 memory
 reliability
 consistency
 information processing
 creation of artefacts
 etc.

Rubrics
 distance
 mental capabilities
 cognitive capabilities
 etc.

Activity 2

According to ISO 17100:2015 Translation technologies can include the following:

a) content management systems (CMSs);
b) authoring systems;
c) desktop publishing;
d) word processing software;
e) translation management systems (TMSs);
f) translation memory (TM) tools and computer aided translation (CAT);
g) quality assurance tools;
h) revision tools;
i) localization tools;
j) machine translation (MT);
k) terminology management systems;
l) project management software;
m) speech-to-text recognition software.

Translation technologies can also include other relevant existing and future translation
technology.

Bibliography
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

ISO 17100:2015 Translation services — Requirements for translation services

History of technology applied to translation industry in general

Background for trainees

Trainer will explain the development of technology in the last century and the current one, as well as the
way those development has impacted the way translators and project managers work.

Background for trainers

The trainer will explain how the technological evolution has been developed in the previous century with
the different waves in computing and how those developments impacted the way translation industry
changed.

The appearance of the electric typewriter, the first text processors, the desktop publishing, the CAT
systems, the project management systems and machine translation systems are just linear examples of
evolution which significantly changed the way translators and companies perform their work.

The trainer will work on the document ‘Technologies for translation’ (Freigang, 2009), where a complete
history of translation technology evolution is listed, which a special focus on CAT tools, which set the
beginning of the translation technology up today. This document is a starting point for discussion.

In 2008 Zetzche coined the acronym TEnTs for Translation Environment Tools , replacing the older term
Translation Workbench or Translation Workstation. In this article Zetzche stated the following:

Mazes of tents? Of course, I am not talking about tents made of fabric, poles, ropes, and
pegs. Instead, I am referring to translation environment tools (TEnTs). As the name
suggests, these TEnTs provide translators with an environment that allows them to work
productively. This environment includes a translation memory and a terminology
database, but it also provides features for quality assurance, spell-checking, workflow
management, project management, analysis, support for complex file formats, and so
forth. Anyone who has even glanced into the market of commercially available TEnTs will
know about tools like Trados, Star Transit, Déjà Vu, and across, and it would be hard
enough to make a choice among those. However, it becomes exponentially harder when
you look more closely and find more than a dozen tools!.

Other authors state similar ideas, such as Alcina (2008: 79): “Translation technologies constitute an
important new field of interdisciplinary study lying midway between computer science and translation. Its
development in the professional world will largely depend on its academic progress and the effective
introduction of translation technologies in the translators training curriculum”.

As an illustration which can serve as a base for discussion, the trainees can comment on this image:
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Figure 1 The future according to FIT (EUATC and Hermes Traducciones, 2017)

According to the Trend Report 2018 the future developments may include the following:

 industry will change with cloud-based services, connectivity and big data
 the human brain will be almost fully understood
 the computing power will be able to replicate human brain
 AI will understand cultural context
 ethical, moral and economic implications of AI will be clarified
 the limits of AI will become much clearer
 businesses will be concerned about liability in the absence of human agents
 only minimalist approaches will survive
 CAT-tools’ complexity will be reduced
 ‘intelligent’ user interfaces will be built
 technological results will be improved in background / without making the user learn or operate
something new
 more and more solutions will adapt to our preferences 

Bibliography

Alcina, A. (2008): Translation technologies: scope, tools and resouces.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233657002_Translation_technologies_Scope_tools_and_reso
urces

EUATC and Hermes Traducciones, 2017

Freigang, J. (2009). “Technologies for translation”.

http://eventi.dipintra.it/tetra/convegni/tetra_1/allegati/freigang.pdf >.

Slator: https://slator.com/sponsored-content/important-trends-translation-technology-2018/

Trend Report 2018 https://memoqtrendreport.com/about/

 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Zetzsche, J. (2008). “A Maze of TEnTs”. ATA Chronicle, July 2008. Alexandria: ATA. 47.
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

WORKSHEET

ACTIVITY 1 TECHNOLOGY - THE EXTENSION OF HUMAN CAPABILITIES

Discuss in small groups (2-3) how technology can extend human capacities in the field of (specialised)
translation. List the concrete areas technology affect:

ACTIVITY 2 INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS

Brainstorm in your group on the hardware / software professional translators use nowadays. Capture
your ideas by creating a mind map. Try to group the tools according to similarities.

TRANSLATOR
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

ACTIVITY 3 TECHNOLOGY - PAST AND FUTURE

Individual research: Study the history of technology applied to translation industry in general and the
role translators played. Fill in the timeline with information about the main developments and the
translator’s role.

Group work: Discuss in small groups (3-4) what will happen in the translation industry in the future.
What do you think how would look like your daily business in the future? Complement the timeline’s
information boxes with the main result of the discussion.

Timeline Developments in translation technology Role of the translator

FUTURE
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

UNIT 2: EVALUATION OF TRANSLATION PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS

Learning After completing this unit you will have a toolkit for the evaluation of translation
outcome productivity tools.

Learning context
Pre-requisites Understanding the general concepts of translation.
Having a solid basis competence in ICT.
Learning Computer, internet and beamer
Environment
Time/Workloa 140 min
d

Overview of learning activities

Title Description Rationale/goal Type of activity Assessment Estimated
timeframe
1. Which tool Finding aspects Initiating efficient Individual Feedback 30 min
to choose? playing a role by decision making research from the +
the decision procedure + whole group 20 min
making procedure regarding Collecting and & trainer feedback
for or against a translation presenting from whole
translation productivity tools ideas in group &
productivity tools whole-class trainer
2. Detailed Learning the Individual Feedback 30 min
A translation description of a functions of a research from the +
productivity specific translation specific + whole group 20 min
tool in detail productivity tool translation Presentation in & trainer feedback
and summarizing productivity tool whole-class from whole
its main group &
characteristics. trainer

3. Workflow Comparison of Learning which Presentation in Feedback 40 min

of translation workflow workflow whole-class from peers
productivity mechanisms activities can be
tools done by a spec.
tool
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Background information for trainer: 

Activity 1

- price vs. free version

- user-friendliness (ease of setup/doing business with, etc.)
- trial
- license duration
- languages supported
- target customer size
- customer review
- support
- webinars / tutorials
- operating systems Web/Installed and Mobile
- compatibility
- interoperability (eg. MemoQ vs. Trados → Plugins)
- system requirements

- features:
 Billing & Invoicing
 Collaboration
 CRM
 For Software
 For Websites
 Localization Automation
 Machine Translation
 Marketing Management
 Order Management
 Permission Management
 Project Tracking
 Quality Control
 Quotes / Estimates
 Resource Management
 Terminology Management
 Translation Analytics
 Translator Database
 Version Control
 Workflow Management

Bibliography

https://www.capterra.com/translation-management-software/compare/162762-151746/memoQ-vs-SDL-
Trados-Studio
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

https://www.g2crowd.com/compare/sdl-trados-studio-vs-memoq-translator-pro

https://www.nimdzi.com/webinar-translation-management-systems-a-comparison/

https://www.proz.com/software-comparison-tool/compare/7-130/memoq-to-SDL%20Trados%20Studio
%202019

Activity 2 & 3

Background information for trainees:

Figure 2 The Nimdzi Language Technology Atlas 2018

 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Choose a (not yet listed) translation productivity tool (e.g. from the Nimdzi Language Technology Atlas
2018) which you would like to describe in depth and indicate its full name and your name in the list.

TOOL Your NAME

There are some tools’ comparisons – helping to assess what is best for the business: capterra,
g2crowd, etc.

Bibliography

The Nimdzi Language Technology Atlas (2018) https://www.nimdzi.com/language-technology-atlas/

Translation productivity tools

Across https://www.across.net/en/
CafeTran Espresso https://www.cafetran.com/
Déjà Vu http://www.atril.com/
Fluency Now https://www.westernstandard.com/Default.aspx
Gnome https://wiki.gnome.org/
Lilt https://lilt.com/
Lionbridge https://www.lionbridge.com/de-de/translation-workspace
Lokalize https://www.kde.org/applications/development/lokalize/
Madcap https://www.madcapsoftware.com/products/lingo/
MateCat https://www.matecat.com/
maxprograms https://www.maxprograms.com/products/
MemoQ https://www.memoq.com/en/
MemSource https://cloud.memsource.com/
MetaTexis http://www.metatexis.de/
MultiTrans https://www.multitranstms.com/
OCLanguage http://www.oclanguage.com/
OmegaT http://omegat.org/
Pootle http://pootle.translatehouse.org/
SDL http://www.sdl.com/
Smartcat https://www.smartcat.ai/
Smartling https://www.smartling.com/
STAR https://www.star-ts.com/technology/
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Systran http://www.systransoft.com/
Terminotix https://terminotix.com/?lang=en
TextUnited https://www.textunited.com/
Verifika https://e-verifika.com/
Virtaal http://virtaal.translatehouse.org/
Wordbee http://www.wordbee.com/
Wordfast http://www.wordfast.com/
XTM Cloud https://xtm-intl.com/
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

WORKSHEET

ACTIVITY 1 WHICH TOOL TO CHOOSE?

Carry out research in order to find out which aspects play a role for or against a specific translation
productivity tool in the decision making procedure. Create a list of the aspects by ranking their
importance.

Ranking Aspects
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

ACTIVITY 2 A TRANSLATION PRODUCTIVITY TOOL IN DETAIL

Carry out research and describe in detail the translation productivity tool of your choice according to its
aspects. At the end summarize its main possibilities and limitations. Present the main results in whole-
class!

Aspects Tool 1:___ (e.g. Memoq)

e.g. cost 30 days demonstration version, afterwards € 620/year

(+) Possibilities

(–) Limitations

ACTIVITY 3 WORKFLOW OF TRANSLATION PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS

Analyse with your peer the figure below (Fig. 2) and compare the tool you described with the translation
workflow illustrated. List and describe the workflow activities covered by the chosen tool’s features.

Workflow phases Tool’s feature description

 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Figure 3: Translation workflow (© ISO17100, 2015)

Share the results of your discussion with the whole group.

TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

UNIT 3: USE OF TRANSLATION PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS

Learning After completing this unit you will know how to start working with two translation
outcome productivity tools and have an idea about the possibilities and limitations of human and
machine translation.

Learning context
Pre-requisites Understanding the general concepts of translation.
Having a good basis competence in ICT.
Learning Computer, internet and beamer
Environment
Time/Workloa 540 min
d

Overview of learning activities

Title Description Rationale/goal Type of activity Assessment Estimated
timeframe
1. Webinar Taking part in Learning how to Individual work No separate 120 min
-CAT tools webinars start working with assessment
common CAT (Assessment
tools could be
Evaluating their linked to the
possibilities and translation
limitations request Unit
3 Activity 2)
2. Translation with Learning how to Individual work Written 60 min
Translation the help of start realising a feedback
request translation translation from peers &
productivity tools request using the trainer
and following the translation
translation productivity tools
workflow
3. Reflecting and Initiating and Individual Feedback 60 min
Translation writing structuring work, from the +
commentary commentary about reflection presentation whole group 60 min
the translation processes about and discussion & trainer presentation
process and result translation in whole-class / feedback
4. Machine Guided evaluation Learning how to Individual work For feedback 50 min
translation - of a machine evaluate see the next
evaluation translated text machine activity
translation
5. Comparison of Learning the Individual Feedback 40 min
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Comparison machine possibilities and work, from the +

of machine translations limitations of presentation whole group 40 min
translations possibilities and machine and discussion & trainer
limitations translations in whole-class
6. Corpus Compiling and Learning how to Whole group Feedback 80 min
using corpus for compile a corpus activity from the +
translation and evaluating its whole group 30 min
usefulness & trainer
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Background information for trainer: 

Activity 1

Pym (2012) emphasises the idea of training the trainees to develop their own learning and assessing
techniques rather than training them to use specific industry tools which could easily be rendered
obsolete by changing circumstances.

In this section trainees are provided with the necessary knowledge and skills to assess any CAT tool
from the standpoint of their specific needs.

ISO/IEC 9126-1 (2001) and ISO/IEC 25010 (2011) are used to evaluate software in general.

According to Starlander (2013) in the literature on CAT tool and TM system evaluation, three studies are
particularly widely referred to: Höge (2002), Gow (2003) and Rico (2000) showing several ways of
interpreting the ISO standards.

Elaborating a prioritized list of context specific requirements and checking if the required features are
present in the systems under comparison are discussed in:
Gow 2003
Keller 2011
Zerfass 2002, 2010;

Evaluation of translation aids should be carried out with reference to the needs of a specific user (in this
activity newly graduated freelance translator who wants to buy an adequate TM system).

A step by step evaluation method for TM tools is offered by EAGLES (1999):

1. Why is the evaluation being done?

What is the purpose of the evaluation? Do all parties involved have the same
understanding of the purpose? What exactly is being evaluated? Is it a system or a
system component? A system in isolation or a system in a specific context of use?
Where are the boundaries of the system?

2. Elaborate a task model

Identify all relevant roles and agents
What is the system going to be used for?
Who will use it? What will they do with it? What are these people like?

3. Define top level quality characteristics

What features of the system need to be evaluated? Are they all equally important?

4. Produce detailed requirements for the system under evaluation, on the basis of 2
and 3
For each feature which has been identified as important, can a valid and reliable
way be found of measuring how the object being evaluated performs with respect to
that feature? If not, then the features have to be broken down in a valid way, into
sub-attributes which are measurable. This point has to be repeated until a point is
reached where the attributes are measurable.
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

5. Devise the metrics to be applied to the system for the requirements produced
under 4.
Both measure and method for obtaining that measure have to be defined for each
attribute.
For each measurable attribute, what will count as a good score, a satisfactory score
or an unsatisfactory score given the task model (2)? Where are the cut off points?
Usually, an attribute has more than one sub-attributes. How are the values of the
different sub-attributes combined to a value for the mother node in order to reflect
their relative importance (again given the task model)?

6. Design the execution of the evaluation:

Develop test materials to support the testing of the object.
Who will actually carry out the different measurements? When? In what
circumstances? What form will the end result take?

7. Execute the evaluation:

Make measurement.
Compare with the previously determined satisfaction ratings.
Summarize the results in an evaluation report, cf. point 1.

The practical implementation of the following steps can be found in form of a concrete scenario (a
translation agency is considering acquiring a terminology management tool, in order to gain better
efficiency and consistency in the terminology which they translate) here:

EAGLES (1999) https://www.issco.unige.ch/en/research/projects/eagles/ewg99/7steps.html

A quicker evaluation method for choosing the most appropriate tool can be found online on nimdzi.

Following TMS types are included:

 Web & Software 
 Middleware
 Machine Translation 
 Business Management 
 Term/memory Banks
 Online Repositories 
 Technical documentation 
 Marketing
 Automation 
 Support 
 Etc.

Bibliography

EAGLES Evaluation Working Group (1999) ‘The EAGLES 7-step recipe’ [online], available:
http://www.issco.unige.ch/en/research/projects/eagles/ewg99/7steps.html

Gow, F. (2003) Metrics for Evaluating Translation Memory Software (M.A.), University of Ottawa.

Höge, M. (2002) Towards a Framework for the Evaluation of Translators' Aids Systems (PhD), Faculty
of Arts, Department of Translation Studies, University of Helsinki.
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

ISO/IEC 9126-1: Software engineering — Product quality — Part 1: Quality model (2001).

ISO/IEC 25010: Systems and software engineering -- Systems and software Quality Requirements and
Evaluation (SQuaRE) -- System and software quality models (2011).

Keller, N. (2011) ‘Translation-Memory-Systeme: Neun auf einen Blick’, Mdü, available:

http://www.metatexis.org/reviews/TM-Vergleich-MDUE-2011.pdf

https://www.nimdzi.com/tms

Pym, A. (2012) ‘Translation skill-sets in a machine-translation age’, [online], available:

http://usuaris.tinet.cat/apym/on-line/training/2012_competence_pym.pdf

Quah, C. K. (2006) Translation and Technology, Hampshire/New York: Palgrave. Macmilla

Rico, C. (2001) ‘Reproducible models for CAT tools evaluation: A user-oriented perspective’,
Proceedings of the Twenty-third International Conference on Translating and the Computer, London.
Aslib.

Starlander, M. & Vázquez, L. M. (2013) ‘Training translation students to evaluate CAT tools using
Eagles: a case study’ In Aslib: Translating and the Computer 35. Londres (Royaume Uni)

Zerfaβ, A. (2002) ‘Comparing Basic Features of TM Tools’, Multilingual Computing & Technology, 13
(7), 11-14.

Zerfaβ, A. (2010) MemoQ 4, Multilingual Computing & Technology, 21 (4), 14-17.

Activity 2

A possible solution:

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 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

vor!
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Energiemanagement
 Infrastruktur & Roaming &
Versorgungskonzepte
 Fallbeispiele aus dem betrieblichen
Alltagseinsatz
logisztikai projektek.
(Szállító és tehergépjárművek, buszok, kommunális
és építőipari járművek, traktorok, mezőgazdasági
vontatók, mozdonyok, folyami hajók)
2019. január 30-31. Jegyezze fel a dátumot!
2018-ban több mint 370 résztvevőt üdvözölhettünk.
A 2019-es rendezvényre, első ízben, több mint 400
kommunális szektorból.  
A konferencia fő témakörei:
haszongépjárművek piacán
 Akkumulátorok és üzemanyagcellák
 Energiatároló rendszerek & üzemi
energiagazdálkodás
 Infrastruktúra & roaming &
fenntarthatóság
 Példák a mindennapi vállalati életből

„Kurzstrecke“ bis „Langstrecke“,  Multimodalität
 Handlungsoptionen für Sonderbereiche wie
Landwirtschaft, Nebenbahnen, Binnenschifffahrt
Seminare/Workshops der EL-MOTION Akademie an
den Tagen vor (29.1.2019) und nach (1.2.2019)  der
Konferenz:
– ÖPNV Umbau von Dieselbus auf E-Bus, –
eGeschäftsmodelle für Autohäuser, – Überblick und
Errichtung von Ladestationen, – Geschäftsmodell grüner
Wasserstoff
 Weitere Informationen zum Kongressprogramm sind in
Kürze hier auf www.elmotion.at abrufbar oder per
Newsletter schon im Vorfeld (Anmeldung zum Newsletter
siehe unten).
Sollten Sie Fragen haben
bzw. Ausstellungsflächen oder Sponsor-Pakete buchen
wollen, können Sie sich jederzeit gerne an uns wenden.
office(at)elmotion.at
URL
„Akár rövid kiruccanás, akár hosszú út...”
- Multimodalitás
 Kereskedelmi lehetőségek speciális
területeken: mezőgazdaság, vasúti hálózatok
mellékvonalai, folyami hajózás
Az EL-MOTION Akadémia által szervezett
szemináriumok/workshopok a konferencia előtt
(2019. január 29.) és után (2019. február 1.):
– A nyilvános tömegközlekedés átszervezése: dízel
üzemű autóbuszok helyett elektromos buszok, – e-
üzleti modellek autó szalonok számára, – töltő
készülékek áttekintése és telepítése, – a „zöld
hidrogén” üzleti modellje
 További információ a kongresszus programjáról:
hamarosan elérhető lesz a www.elmotion.at
linken illetve hírlevelünkben még korábban
tájékozódhatnak a részletes programokról
(iratkozzon fel hírlevelünkre az oldal alján).
Forduljon hozzánk bizalommal, ha bármilyen
kérdése van, legyen szó akár egy kiállítási helyről,
akár a részvételi csomagokról.
office(at)elmotion.at

Activity 3

Writing translation commentary according to certain methodological guidelines gives trainees the skills
to ground strategies in an organised way and to rationalise their own translation process.

Trainees usually do not know how to justify their translation decisions and how to lay the foundations for
their arguments in an organised fashion. They usually argue with following statements: “it sounds
better”, „I found it in the dictionary”, “I don’t think that’s the way it’s said...”, etc.
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

According to García Álvarez (2007) following aspects should be considered by writing a translation
commentary:

1. Translation instructions of the commission (translation norms, textual norms, etc.)

2. The macro-purpose sought with the TT (possible differences with respect to the
macro-purpose of the ST)
3. Ideological, cultural and informative considerations and/or differences between
the receptors of the TT and the ST
4. Textual conventions of the TT (norms according to its typology, what it allows and
what it doesn’t, differences with those of the ST, etc.)
5. Possible defects in the ST
6. Date and place of TT publication (possible temporal/situational differences with
the ST if applicable)
7. Possible problems in expression and any other types of problems bound up with
the intentionality of the TT, and possible differences in relation to the intentions of
the ST (persuasive, informative, directive, instructive, expressive)
8. Textual structure of the TT in relation to the ST (topic-centred, main act-centred,
mixed structure, etc.)
9. Text acts vs. speech acts of both texts (according to the maxims and conventions
established by each culture)
10. Functional relations of utterances in both texts (including possible omissions,
extensions, paraphrase, etc., and problems related to the specific degree of
explication and implication necessary to express the informativity of the TT, keeping
in mind the principles of economy and relevance)
11. Terminology: pragmatic-cognitive conceptual similarities and differences
between both communicative situations and based on the differences between
receptors (exotisation, domestication; prototype semantics; metaphoric, metonymic
and image-schematic mappings; scripts; lexical categories according to the
translation instructions, etc.)
12. Stylistic issues and problems in the TT (linguistic register, jargon, problems
related to field, mode and tone/tenor, etc.)
13. Cohesion in the TT: problems with collocations, punctuation, suprasegmental
features, referential relations of form and meaning between sentences, theme-
rheme structure, etc.
14. Photos or other non-verbal elements, photo captions and typographical elements
in the TT (possible differences with those of the ST)
15. Consulting dictionaries, encyclopaedias, parallel texts, databases, informants,
etc.
16. Negotiations with the translation client and other determining factors in the
process
17. Time allotted for completing the translation
18. Other considerations (e.g. arguments based on declarative knowledge:
translation studies, interdisciplinary theories, etc.)
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

19. Similarities and differences between both texts (e.g. according to Beaugrande &
Dressler’s (1981) seven textuality criteria: situationality, intentionality, acceptability,
intertextuality, informativity, coherence and cohesion.

Bibliography

García Álvarez, A. M. (2007) Evaluating Students' Translation Process in Specialised Translation: 

Translation Commentary In The Journal of Specialised Translation, 7, 139-163
https://www.jostrans.org/issue07/art_alvarez.php

Activity 4 & 5

Bibliography
https://www.bing.com/translator
https://translate.yandex.com/
https://translate.google.com/?hl=de

Machine translations:
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE
MT - YANDEX Translate
EMOBILITY-FORUM 2018
Konferenz und Ausstellung für
elektrische Mobilität-trends
Der Veranstalter des Programms
behält sich das Recht vor,
änderungen vorzunehmen.
[Baum] - Bestätigung.
PROGRAMM
Der Veranstalter des Programms
behält sich das Recht vor,
änderungen vorzunehmen.
Zeitplan 12: 00-13: 00 Veranstaltung
2018.09.19.
REGISTRIERUNG DES FORUMS
Platz BUDAPEST WAL-1. ETAGE
Zeitplan 13: 00-13:30 Veranstaltung
2018.09.19.
ERÖFFNUNG DER KONFERENZ
KEYNOTE
KEYNOTE LECTURE EINE
EUROPÄISCHE VISION FÜR DIE
ELEKTROMOBILITÄT
Kaffeepause
DISKUSSION AM RUNDEN TISCH
PODIUMSDISKUSSION: MITTEL-UND
OSTEUROPA IM FOKUS
Kaffeepause
KEYNOTE-EU AKTUELLER STAND IN
FAKTEN
PODIUMSDISKUSSION: UNGARNS
WICHTIGSTE AKTEURE
WETTEN
REGISTRIERUNG DES FORUMS
danke
KEYNOTE-ELEKTROMOBILITÄT IN
BUDAPEST IM FOKUS
SMART CITY ENTWICKLUNGEN
Kaffeepause
PANEL-INNOVATION UND NEUE
STANDARDS
PANEL B - GESCHÄFTSMODELLE UND
DIE ROLLE DER MARKTBETEILIGTEN
PANEL B-DIE WICHTIGSTEN
FAKTOREN UND HINDERNISSE FÜR
DEN ELEKTRISCHEN SCHALTER
PANEL A-ELEKTROMOBILITÄT UND
INTELLIGENTE LÖSUNGEN FÜR DIE
URBANE UMWELT
Mittagspause
PLENARSITZUNG-TECHNOLOGIE: DER
KREIS SIE
PODIUMSDISKUSSION:
INTERNATIONALES LADENETZ,
ROAMING-DIENSTE
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND
ABSCHLUSS
MT - Microsoft Translator
EMobility FORUM 2018
Konferenz und Ausstellung zu
den Trends der Elektromobilität
Der ProjektTräger behält sich das
Recht vor, das Programm zu
ändern.
[Baum]-bei der Bestätigung.
Programm
Der ProjektTräger behält sich das
Recht vor, das Programm zu
ändern.
Fahrplan 12:00-13:00 Event
2018.09.19.
Forums Anmeldung
Place BUDAPEST Wal-1. Boden
Fahrplan 13:00-13:30 Event
2018.09.19.
Offene Konferenz
Keynote
Keynote-Vortrag-europäische
Vision der Elektromobilität
Kaffeepause
DiskussionsRunde am Runden
Tisch
PODIUMSdiskussion: Fokus in
Mittel-und Osteuropa
Kaffeepause
KEYNOTE-EU-aktueller STATUS
IN Fakten
Podiumsdiskussion: die
wichtigsten Betreiber in Ungarn
Wette
Forums Anmeldung
Gruß
Keynote-Fokus auf
Elektromobilität in Budapest
SMART CITY Enhancement
Kaffeepause
PANEL A-Innovation und neue
Standards
PANEL B-Geschäftsmodelle und
Rolle der Marktakteure
PANEL B-die Schlüsselfaktoren
und Hindernisse für die
elektrische Schaltung
PANEL A-Elektromobilität und
clevere Lösungen im urbanen
Umfeld
Mittagspause
Plenarsitzungs Technik: Kreisel
Podiumsdiskussion:
Internationale Gebühren Netze,
ROAMING-Dienste
ZusammenFassung und
Schließung
MT - Google Translator
EMOBILITY FORUM 2018
Konferenz und Ausstellung zu Trends
in der Elektromobilität
Der Veranstalter behält sich das
Recht vor, das Programm zu ändern.
[Fa] - Bestätigung.
PROGRAMM
Der Veranstalter behält sich das
Recht vor, das Programm zu ändern.
Zeitplan 12:00 - 13:00 Veranstaltung
2018.09.19.
FORUM REGISTRIEREN
Platz BUDAPEST BALNA - 1. EMELET
Zeitplan 13:00 - 13:30 Veranstaltung
2018.09.19.
Eröffnung der Konferenz
KEYNOTE
LEBENSLANGES LERNEN -
EUROPÄISCHE ZUKUNFT DER
ELEKTRIZITÄT
COFFEE BREAK
SUCHE INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
PANEL - LIFE: FOKUS ZENTRAL-
OSTEUROPA
COFFEE BREAK
KEYNOTE - EU-AKTUELLER STATUS IN
FAKTEN
PANEL REVIEW: DIE WICHTIGSTEN
MARKTAKTOREN IN UNGARN
EMPFANG
FORUM REGISTRIEREN
WILLKOMMEN
Lektor - zentrale Elektrizität in
Budapest
SMART CITY ENTWICKLUNGEN
COFFEE BREAK
PANEL A - INNOVATION UND NEUE
STANDARDS
PANEL B - ROLLE VON
GESCHÄFTSMODELLEN UND MARKT
INTERESSIERTEN PARTEIEN
PANEL B - DIE WICHTIGSTEN
FAKTOREN UND SCHÄDEN FÜR DIE
ELEKTRISCHE VERSCHIEBUNG
PANEL A - ELEKTRISCHE MOBILITÄT
UND KLARE LÖSUNGEN IN DER
NATÜRLICHEN UMGEBUNG
MITTAGSPAUSE
PLENARSITZUNG - TECHNIK: KREISEL
PODIUMSDISKUSSION:
INTERNATIONALE DACHNETZWERKE,
ROAMINGDIENSTE
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND
VERSCHLUSS
URL
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Acivity 5

Short description of SMT, NMT and hybrid systems:

Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) has been the dominant translation paradigm for decades.
Although effective, statistical machine translation methods suffered from a narrow focus on the phrases
being translated, losing the broader nature of the target text. The hard focus on data-driven approaches
also meant that methods may have ignored important syntax distinctions known by linguists.

Neural machine translation (NMT) is the use of neural network models to learn a statistical model for
machine translation. Unlike the traditional phrase-based translation system which consists of many
small sub-components that are tuned separately, neural machine translation attempts to build and train
a single, large neural network that reads a sentence and outputs a correct translation.
Although effective, the neural machine translation systems still suffer some issues, such as scaling to
larger vocabularies of words and the slow speed of training the models. There are the current areas of
focus for large production neural translation systems, such as the Google system.

A “hybrid” method combines both techniques to create a desired result. The efficacy of each depends
on a number of factors, including the languages used and available linguistic resources, or example
text.

Comparing errors of both systems according to the Multidimensional Quality Metrics framework (MQM):

- Accuracy  (accuracy): Accuracy issues address the relationship of the target text to
the source text and can be assessed only by considering this relationship
Issue types: addition, omission, mistranslation, etc.
- Design  (design): Design includes issues related to the physical presentation of
text, typically in a “rich text” or “markup” environment.
Issue types: formatting, length, mark-up, etc.
- Fluency  (fluency): Fluency includes those issues about the linguistic “well-
formedness” of the text that can be assessed without regard to whether the text is a
translation or not. Most Fluency issues apply equally to source and target texts.
Issue types: cohesion, grammar, inconsistency, etc.
- Internationalization  (internationalization): Internationalization covers areas related
to the preparation of the source content for subsequent translation or localization.
- Locale convention  (locale-convention): Issues in Locale convention relate to the
formal compliance of content with locale-specific conventions, such as use of proper
number formats. If content is otherwise correctly translated and fluent but violates
specific locale expectations (as defined in the translation specifications), it is
addressed in this dimension. This dimension does not cover issues related to
whether the content itself is appropriate for the locale (these issues are covered
under Verity  (verity).
- Style  (style): Style issues relate to what is commonly known as “Style”, defined
both formally (in style guides) and informally (e.g., a “light style” or an “engaging
style”). These issues are closely related to Fluency  (fluency), but are often treated
separately by tools and quality processes and so are grouped as a separate
dimension in MQM.
Issue types: unidiomatic, inconsistent style, awkward, etc.
- Terminology  (terminology): Terminology issues relate to the use of domain- or
organization-specific terminology (i.e., the use of words to relate to specific concepts
not considered part of general language).
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

- Verity  (verity): Verity issues relate to the suitability of content for the target locale
and audience. They do not relate to fluency or accuracy since content may be
fluently written and accurately translated and still be inappropriate for the target
locale or audience.

- Compatibility (Deprecated)  (compatibility): The Compatibility dimension includes

issues taken from legacy metrics that are not considered appropriate for general use
in MQM (because they are related to areas not covered by MQM, such as deadlines,
software functionality, or physical production). They are included only for
compatibility with these older metrics and should not be used for new MQM metrics.
Issue types: completeness, suitability, legal requirements, etc.
- Other  (other): This dimension is used for issues which cannot be otherwise
classified into a dimension of MQM. In cases where an unforeseen issue can be
classified as belonging to a dimension, it should be classified in that dimension
under the top level or using a custom issue type.

Bibliography

Aljoscha Burchardt (2017) Comparing Errors: Neural MT vs. Traditional Phrase-based and Rule-based
MT https://www.gala-global.org/publications/comparing-errors-neural-mt-vs-traditional-phrase-based-
and-rule-based-mt

Aljoscha Burchardt, Vivien Macketanz, Jon Dehdari, Georg Heigold, Jan-Thorsten Peter and Philip
Williams (2017). A Linguistic Evaluation of Rule-based, Phrase-based, and Neural MT Engines. In
Proceedings of EAMT 2017, Prague, Czech Republic.

Arle Richard Lommel, Aljoscha Burchardt, Hans Uszkoreit (2014) Multidimensional Quality Metrics

(MQM): A Framework for Declaring and Describing Translation Quality Metrics in: Attila Görög, Pilar
Sánchez-Gijón (eds.): 3 Tradumàtica: tecnologies de la traducció volume 0 number 12, Pages 455-463
 
Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM): http://www.qt21.eu/mqm-definition/definition-2015-06-16.html

https://machinelearningmastery.com/introduction-neural-machine-translation/

Dean, J. (2016) Google’s neural machine translation system: Bridging the gap between human and
machine translation. https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.08144

Neural Machine Translation: How Artificial Intelligence Works When Translating Language (2017):
http://content.lionbridge.com/neural-machine-translation-artificial-intelligence-works-multilingual-
communication/

http://daily.unitedlanguagegroup.com/stories/editorials/statistical-vs-neural-machine-translation

Activity 6

Corpora and concordance software provide a tool to facilitate the translation process, giving translators
the opportunity to understand the languages involved and to develop their awareness of the
relationships between possible equivalents. (Yingying 2018)
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Observing
1) linguistic characteristics,
2) typical structures and
3) text-type-specific formulations
in parallel bilingual corpora enables trainees to
1) make better choices about translation transfer types
2) provide explanations for appropriateness of certain solutions to problems
3) deepen their knowledge of language for specific purposes.

Steps:

All texts should be collected from websites and converted to text format .txt with the AntFile Converter
software (a freeware tool to convert PDF and Word files into plain text for use in corpus tools like
AntConc).

Figure 4 AntFile Converter designed by Laurence Anthony Screenshot

AntConc - a freeware corpus analysis toolkit for concordancing and text analysis could be used for this
activity:
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

Figure 5 AntConc Concordance designed by Laurence Anthony Screenshot

AntConc Concordance http://www.laurenceanthony.net/software/antconc/

AntFile Converter http://www.laurenceanthony.net/software/antfileconverter/

Yingying Ding (2018) Specialized Translation Teaching Strategies: A Corpus-Based Approach World
Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Cognitive and Language
Sciences Vol:12, No:5

Zanettin, Federico. (2001) “Swimming in words: Corpora, translation, and language learning”, in
Learning with Corpora. In G. Aston, Houston, TX: Athelstan, pp. 177-197.
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

WORKSHEET
ACTIVITY 1 WEBINAR - CAT TOOLS
Take part in the webinar “Getting started with memoQ for translators” or watch its recorded version.

AND

Take part in the webinar “A beginner’s guide to SDL Trados Studio 2017” or watch its recorded version.

Which tool would you use (MemoQ, Trados, something else…) as a future freelance translator? Why?
Write a short evaluation about one of the tools according to the guidelines of Starlander & Vázquez
(2013).

MemoQ Trados ____________

+ + +

- - -

Discuss the results in small groups (2-3)!

 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

ACTIVITY 2 TRANSLATION REQUEST

A customer needs the following text translated into Hungarian. Follow the workflow (Unit 2 Activity 3)
and create the required translation by using appropriate tools.

German Hungarian
TRÄGER DER EL-MOTION 2019
PARTNERSPONSOREN 2019
EL-MOTION 2019
Jahresauftakt, Netzwerkevent und Branchentreff:

 der 9. österreichische Fachkongress rund um “E-

Mobilität für KMU und kommunale Anwender”.
EL-MOTION+FC 2019
Flotten- und Nutzfahrzeuge – Einsatz der
eMobilität in der Logistik, in Kommunen sowie
im Flotten- und Agrarbereich
wieder mit Begleitausstellung
+FC = ab 2019 liegt der Schwerpunkt auch auf Brennstoffzellen

Fokus:
e-Flotten und e-Nutzfahrzeuge mit Batterie und/oder
Brennstoffzelle sowie internationale Logistik-
Projekte.
(Transporter, LKW, Busse, Kommunal- und
Baufahrzeuge, Traktoren, Agrar-Schlepper,
Lokomotiven, Binnenschiffe )
30. bis 31. Jänner 2019! Merken Sie sich diesen
Termin vor!
2018 durften wir über 370 Teilnehmer begrüßen und
erwarten 2019 erstmals über 400 Vertreter aus
Wirtschaft und Kommunen.  
Themenschwerpunkte der Konferenz:
Technologische Entwicklungen & Neues am
Nutzfahrzeugmarkt

 Batterie & Brennstoffzelle

 Speichersysteme & betriebliches

Energiemanagement

 Infrastruktur & Roaming &

Versorgungskonzepte

 Fallbeispiele aus dem betrieblichen

Alltagseinsatz

 „Kurzstrecke“ bis „Langstrecke“, 

Multimodalität

 Handlungsoptionen für Sonderbereiche wie

Landwirtschaft, Nebenbahnen, Binnenschifffahrt
Seminare/Workshops der EL-MOTION
Akademie an den Tagen vor (29.1.2019) und nach
(1.2.2019)  der Konferenz:
– ÖPNV Umbau von Dieselbus auf E-Bus, –
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

eGeschäftsmodelle für Autohäuser, – Überblick und

Errichtung von Ladestationen, – Geschäftsmodell
grüner Wasserstoff
 Weitere Informationen zum Kongressprogramm
sind in Kürze hier auf www.elmotion.at abrufbar
oder per Newsletter schon im Vorfeld (Anmeldung
zum Newsletter siehe unten).
Sollten Sie Fragen haben
bzw. Ausstellungsflächen oder Sponsor-Pakete bu
chen wollen, können Sie sich jederzeit gerne an uns
wenden.
office(at)elmotion.at
URL

ACTIVITY 3 TRANSLATION COMMENTARY

What kind of problems did you face? Write a general descriptive translation commentary according to
the guideline of García Álvarez (2007). Present and discuss your commentary in whole-class!
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

ACTIVITY 4 MACHINE TRANSLATION - EVALUATION

For the following translation request use ONE of the online available machine translation tools. Evaluate
the result according to the Multidimensional Quality Metrics framework!

Source text Machine-translated text

EMOBILITY FORUM 2018
Konferencia és kiállítás az elektromobilitás
trendjeiről
A szervező a programváltozás jogát fenntartja.
[FA] - Megerősítés alatt.
PROGRAM
A szervező a programváltozás jogát fenntartja.
schedule 12:00 - 13:00 event 2018.09.19.
FORUM REGISZTRÁCIÓ
place BUDAPEST BÁLNA - 1. EMELET
schedule 13:00 - 13:30 event 2018.09.19.
KONFERENCIA MEGNYITÁSA
VITAINDÍTÓ
VITAINDÍTÓ ELŐADÁS - EURÓPAI
JÖVŐKÉP AZ ELEKTROMOBILITÁSRÓL
KÁVÉSZÜNET
KEREKASZTAL BESZÉLGETÉS
PANEL - VITA: FÓKUSZBAN KÖZÉP-KELET-
EURÓPA
KÁVÉSZÜNET
KEYNOTE - EU CURRENT STATUS IN
FACTS
PANELBESZÉLGETÉS: MAGYARORSZÁG
FŐ PIACI SZEREPLŐI
FOGADÁS
FORUM REGISZTRÁCIÓ
KÖSZÖNTŐ
VITAINDÍTÓ - KÖZÉPPONTBAN AZ
ELEKTROMOBILITÁS BUDAPESTEN
SMART CITY FEJLESZTÉSEK
KÁVÉSZÜNET
PANEL A - INNOVÁCIÓ ÉS ÚJ
STANDARDOK
PANEL B - ÜZLETI MODELLEK ÉS A PIACI
ÉRDEKELTEK SZEREPE
PANEL B - A LEGFONTOSABB TÉNYEZŐK
ÉS AKADÁLYOK AZ ELEKTROMOS
VÁLTÁSHOZ
PANEL A - ELEKTROMOBILITÁS ÉS OKOS
MEGOLDÁSOK A VÁROSI KÖRNYEZETBEN
EBÉDSZÜNET
PLENÁRIS ÜLÉS - TECHNOLÓGIA: KREISEL
PANELBESZÉLGETÉS: NEMZETKÖZI
TÖLTŐHÁLÓZATOK, ROAMING
SZOLGÁLTATÁSOK
ÖSSZEGZÉS ÉS ZÁRÁS
URL
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

ACTIVITY 5 COMPARISON OF MACHINE TRANSLATIONS

Compare the results of your evaluation with two other peers who used another tools! Write down the
main possibilities (+) and limitations (-) of the tested tools.

YANDEX Translate Microsoft Translator Google Translator

+ + +

- - -

Would you use machine translation tools as a freelance translator? Which one and why?
Present the main results in whole-class!

ACTIVITY 6 CORPUS
An LSP needs a bilingual (HU and DE) specialized corpus of conference / marketing materials in the
field of e-mobility (about 50,000 words altogether). With the help of an appropriate tool compile the
corpus.

Can you make use of it for the translations above (activity 2 & 4)? How?
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

List of figures
Figure 1 The future according to FIT (EUATC and Hermes Traducciones, 2017).....................................8
Figure 2 The Nimdzi Language Technology Atlas 2018...........................................................................14
Figure 3: Translation workflow (© ISO17100, 2015).................................................................................19
Figure 4 AntFile Converter designed by Laurence Anthony Screenshot..................................................31
Figure 5 AntConc Concordance designed by Laurence Anthony Screenshot.........................................32

List of references
Abrami, P. C., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Waddington, D. I., Wade, C. A., & Persson, T. (2015)
Strategies for Teaching Students to Think Critically A Meta-Analysis. Review of Educational
Research, 85(2), 275-314.

Abranyi, H. (2016) Translation Environment Tools in Horváth, I. eds. The Modern Translator and
Interpreter, 168-182 http://www.eltereader.hu/media/2016/04/HorvathTheModernTranslator.pdf

Alcina, A. (2008): Translation technologies: scope, tools and resouces.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233657002_Translation_technologies_Scope_tools_and_reso
urces

Aljoscha Burchardt (2017) Comparing Errors: Neural MT vs. Traditional Phrase-based and Rule-based
MT https://www.gala-global.org/publications/comparing-errors-neural-mt-vs-traditional-phrase-based-
and-rule-based-mt

Aljoscha Burchardt, Vivien Macketanz, Jon Dehdari, Georg Heigold, Jan-Thorsten Peter and Philip
Williams (2017). A Linguistic Evaluation of Rule-based, Phrase-based, and Neural MT Engines. In
Proceedings of EAMT 2017, Prague, Czech Republic.

Arle Richard Lommel, Aljoscha Burchardt, Hans Uszkoreit (2014) Multidimensional Quality Metrics

(MQM): A Framework for Declaring and Describing Translation Quality Metrics in: Attila Görög, Pilar
Sánchez-Gijón (eds.): 3 Tradumàtica: tecnologies de la traducció volume 0 number 12, Pages 455-463

Biau, G., J. R. (2006) ‘Teaching electronic tools for translators online’, in Pym, A., Perekrestenko, A. and
Starink, B., eds., Translation Technology and its Teaching (with much mention of localization) ,
Tarragona: Intercultural Studies Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 86-95.

Biau, G., J. R. & Pym, A (2006) Technology and translation (pedagogical overview) in Pym, A.,
Perekrestenko, A. and Starink, B., eds., Translation Technology and its Teaching (with much mention of
localization), Tarragona: Intercultural Studies Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 5-19.
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Dean, J. (2016) Google’s neural machine translation system: Bridging the gap between human and
machine translation. https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.08144

Doherty, S., & Moorkens, J. (2013) ‘Investigating the experience of translation technology labs:
pedagogical implications’. The Journal of Specialised Translation, 19, 122–136.

Doherty, S. (2016) The Impact of Translation Technologies on the Process and Product of Translation
In: International Journal of Communication 10, 947–969

Doherty, S., & Moorkens, J. (2013) ‘Investigating the experience of translation technology labs:
pedagogical implications’. The Journal of Specialised Translation , 19, 122–136.
FEMTI (2003) ‘FEMTI - a Framework for the Evaluation of Machine Translation in ISLE’:
http://www.isi.edu/natural-language/mteval/

EAGLES Evaluation Working Group (1999) ‘The EAGLES 7-step recipe’ [online], available:
http://www.issco.unige.ch/en/research/projects/eagles/ewg99/7steps.html

EUATC and Hermes Traducciones, 2017

Fernández-Parra, M. (2009) The Workflow of Computer-Assisted Translation Tools in Specialised

Translation in Reconceptualizing LSP: Online proceedings of the XVII European LSP Symposium

Freigang, J. (2009). “Technologies for translation”.

http://eventi.dipintra.it/tetra/convegni/tetra_1/allegati/freigang.pdf >.

García Álvarez, A. M. (2007) Evaluating Students' Translation Process in Specialised Translation: 

Translation Commentary In The Journal of Specialised Translation, 7, 139-163
https://www.jostrans.org/issue07/art_alvarez.php

Gow, F. (2003) Metrics for Evaluating Translation Memory Software (M.A.), University of Ottawa.

Guillardeau, S. (2009) Freie Translation Memory Systeme für die Übersetzungspraxis: Ein kritischer
Vergleich. Masterthesis: http://www.omegat.org/resources/DA_Guillardeau.pdf

Hagen, J. (2011) Ein funktioneller Vergleich: trados und memoQ. Masterthesis:

http://othes.univie.ac.at/17506/1/2011-12-12_0515217.pdf

ISO 17100:2015 Translation services — Requirements for translation services

ISO/IEC 25010: Systems and software engineering -- Systems and software Quality Requirements and
Evaluation (SQuaRE) -- System and software quality models (2011).

ISO/IEC 9126-1: Software engineering — Product quality — Part 1: Quality model (2001).
 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY eMODULE

ISLE Project (2007) ‘International Standards for Language Engineering, Evaluation Working Group’:
http://www.issco.unige.ch/en/research/projects/isle/ewg.html

Jaatinen, H., & Jääskeläinen, R. (2006). ‘Introducing IT in translator training: Experiences from the
COLC project’, in Pym, A., Perekrestenko, A. and Starink, B., eds., Translation Technology and its
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Keller, N. (2011) ‘Translation-Memory-Systeme: Neun auf einen Blick’, Mdü:

http://www.metatexis.org/reviews/TM-Vergleich-MDUE-2011.pdf

Morin, D., Thomas, J. D. E., & Saadé, R. G.(2015) Fostering problem-solving in a virtual environment.
Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 14, 339-362.

Muegge, U. (2013) ‘Teaching computer-assisted translation in the 21st century’, in Ende, A., Herlod, S
and Weilandt, eds., Alles hängt mit allem zusammen: Translatologische Interdependenzen. Festschrift
für Peter A. Schmitt, Berlin: Frank & Timme, 137-146.

Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM): http://www.qt21.eu/mqm-definition/definition-2015-06-16.html

Neural Machine Translation: How Artificial Intelligence Works When Translating Language (2017):
http://content.lionbridge.com/neural-machine-translation-artificial-intelligence-works-multilingual-
communication/

Pitar, M. (2016) The Impact of New Technologies on Specialised Translation In: Dejica, D., Hansen, G.,
Sandrini, P., Para, I. eds. Language in the digital era: Challenges and Perspectives. Berlin: De Gruyter,
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Popovic, A. (2012) Wie nützlich sind Translation-Memory-Systeme bei der Übersetzung von
Fachtexten? Masterthesis: http://othes.univie.ac.at/23538/1/2012-10-25_0606424.pdf

Pym, A., Perekrestenko, A. and Starink, B., eds., Translation Technology and its Teaching (with much
mention of localization), Tarragona: Intercultural Studies Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili.

Pym, A. & Torres-Simón, E. (2015) Designing a course in Translation Studies to respond to students’
questions, In The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 10/2, 183-203.

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Tarragona: Intercultural Studies Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 113-124.

Pym, A. (2012) ‘Translation skill-sets in a machine-translation age’: http://usuaris.tinet.cat/apym/on-

line/training/2012_competence_pym.pdf

Quah, C. K. (2006) Translation and Technology, Hampshire/New York: Palgrave. Macmillan.

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Rico, C. (2001) ‘Reproducible models for CAT tools evaluation: A user-oriented perspective’,
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Trend Report 2018 https://memoqtrendreport.com/about/

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Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Cognitive and Language
Sciences Vol:12, No:5

Zanettin, Federico. (2001) “Swimming in words: Corpora, translation, and language learning”, in
Learning with Corpora. In G. Aston, Houston, TX: Athelstan, pp. 177-197.

Zerfaβ, A. (2002) ‘Comparing Basic Features of TM Tools’, Multilingual Computing & Technology, 13
(7), 11-14.

Zerfaβ, A. (2010) MemoQ 4, Multilingual Computing & Technology, 21 (4), 14-17.

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Links

http://daily.unitedlanguagegroup.com/stories/editorials/statistical-vs-neural-machine-translation
http://docs.translatehouse.org/projects/translate-toolkit/en/latest/formats/
http://www.dicits.com/en/technologie/faq/wie-funktionieren-tm-systeme.html
http://www.metatexis.org/reviews/TM-Vergleich_Version_300805.pdf
http://www.sdltrados.com/solutions/translation-memory/
http://www.staff.uni-mainz.de/rumpel/TMS-ILS-0503/TMS-PL/tms-de/
http://www.universitas.org/uploads/media/Universitas_115_web.pdf
http://www.universitas.org/uploads/media/Universitas_215_web.pdf
http://www.universitas.org/uploads/media/Universitas_315_web.pdf
https://machinelearningmastery.com/introduction-neural-machine-translation/
https://translate.google.com/?hl=de
https://translate.yandex.com/
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https://www.bing.com/translator
https://www.capterra.com/translation-management-software/compare/162762-151746/memoQ-vs-SDL-
Trados-Studio
https://www.g2crowd.com/compare/sdl-trados-studio-vs-memoq-translator-pro
https://www.nimdzi.com/tms
https://www.nimdzi.com/webinar-translation-management-systems-a-comparison/
https://www.proz.com/software-comparison-tool/compare/7-130/memoq-to-SDL%20Trados%20Studio
%202019

Translation productivity tools

Across https://www.across.net/en/
AntConc Concordance http://www.laurenceanthony.net/software/antconc/
AntFile Converter http://www.laurenceanthony.net/software/antfileconverter/
CafeTran Espresso https://www.cafetran.com/
Déjà Vu http://www.atril.com/
Fluency Now https://www.westernstandard.com/Default.aspx
Gnome https://wiki.gnome.org/
Lilt https://lilt.com/
Lionbridge https://www.lionbridge.com/de-de/translation-workspace
Lokalize https://www.kde.org/applications/development/lokalize/
Madcap https://www.madcapsoftware.com/products/lingo/
MateCat https://www.matecat.com/
maxprograms https://www.maxprograms.com/products/
MemoQ https://www.memoq.com/en/
MemSource https://cloud.memsource.com/
MetaTexis http://www.metatexis.de/
MultiTrans https://www.multitranstms.com/
OCLanguage http://www.oclanguage.com/
OmegaT http://omegat.org/
Pootle http://pootle.translatehouse.org/
SDL http://www.sdl.com/
Smartcat https://www.smartcat.ai/
Smartling https://www.smartling.com/
STAR https://www.star-ts.com/technology/
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Systran http://www.systransoft.com/
Terminotix https://terminotix.com/?lang=en
TextUnited https://www.textunited.com/
Verifika https://e-verifika.com/
Virtaal http://virtaal.translatehouse.org/
Wordbee http://www.wordbee.com/
Wordfast http://www.wordfast.com/
XTM Cloud https://xtm-intl.com/