Page 95

A. Answer the questions in your own words. Explain your answers, based on
information in the Reading.

1. What is the benefit of antibiotics?

Antibiotics destroy or prevent bacteria from multiplying in the immune

system of every human being who consumes it.

2. Why are antibiotics not effective against the common cold?

Los virus expuestos a los antibióticos pueden volverse resistentes a ellos,

haciendo que los antibióticos sean ineficaces.

3. Why are antibiotics effective against strep throat?

Bacteria exposed to antibiotics can become resistant to them, rendering the

antibiotics ineffective or even useless.

4. What problem has overuse of antibiotics caused?

The strength of the bacteria can make antibiotics ineffective or useless. In

turn, people can begin to die from these bacteria.

B. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.

1 (An antibiotic / A vaccine) prevents diseases from occurring.

2 (Bacteria / Tetracycline) can cause infectious diseases.

3. Bacteria are small organisms that can only be seen (in a petri dish / with a
microscope).

4 (Penicillium / Penicillin) is a drug that kills bacteria.

5 The common cold and influenza are common (bacterial / upper respiratory)
infections.

6 Some antibiotics are no longer effective because they have developed (overuse
/ resistance) to certain bacteria.
 Page 96

B. Check the statement that is true for each situation.

1.We wouldn’t have gotten lost if we had remembered to bring our portable
GPS device.

We brought it, and we got lost.

We brought it, and we didn’t get lost.

☒ We didn’t bring it, and we didn’t get lost.

2. If the salesclerk were here, she would explain how the Omni works.

The salesclerk is here, so she will explain how the Omni works.

The salesclerk is here, but she won’t explain how the Omni works.

The salesclerk isn’t here, but she will explain how the Omni works.

☒The salesclerk isn’t here, so she won’t explain how the Omni works.

3. If Ron had brought the Ultraphone with him, he would have already sent
those e-mails.

Ron brought the Ultraphone, and he has already sent those e-mails.

Ron brought the Ultraphone, but he hasn’t sent those e-mails yet.

Ron didn’t bring the Ultraphone, but he has already sent those e-mails.

☒Ron didn’t bring the Ultraphone, so he hasn’t sent those e-mails yet.

C. Complete each conditional sentence with your own ideas.

1. If the computer hadn’t been invented, I wouldn't have been able to read
books online.

2. If I had to decide what the most important scientific discovery in history was, I
would say it was medicines.

3. If most people cared about the environment. there would not be so much
garbage on the street.

4. Would new cars be less expensive if, Would new cars be less expensive if they
didn't stop so much for production.?
 5. If She had known that being a teacher was so difficult, she would have chosen
another career.

Page 106

B. PAIR WORK Take turns saying and responding to each opinion. Use the
Vocabulary above to disagree politely. Or, if you agree with the opinion, use
the language of agreement from page 102.

2 “There is no real democracy. All governments are controlled by a few

powerful people.”
¨That may be true, but not I think that without
all governments are not democracy there is no
developed like this. ¨ country.

3 “I think moderates are the only people you can trust in government.”

That may be true,

I could not agree
but I do not know
more. You can
any of the
trust the
moderates.
moderates.

4 “I’m not going to vote. All the candidates are

corrupt.”

That may be true, but we I think we should just vote

must give opportunity. against everyone who is
in office now.

5 “Terrorism is getting worse and worse all over the world.”

That may be true, but I I could not agree

must live in one to know. more. It's very
dangerous.

6 “I don’t think it’s important to vote. Nothing ever changes.”

That’s one way to look

I think we should just
at it, but how do we know
vote against everyone
inexperienced candidates
Page 108

B. Complete the paragraph about an election, using verbs and count and non-
count nouns correctly.

Many candidates running for election make promises about education. But progress
comes slowly, and information is hard to get. Voters would like to see proofs that their
advices are being followed. For instance, we are just now receiving news of education
statistics and it’s not very good. Help is needed, and the time is necessary to improve
our schools.

C. Complete each sentence.

1. The law doesn’t allow the president to change the Constitution.

a the president change b the president to change c change

2. Our friends advised us not to be disappointed about the election.

a not to be b us not to be c us to be not

3. The Constitution requires senators to leave office after two terms.

a to leave b senators to leave c senators leave

4. The election committee permitted the candidates to speak about their

educational policies.

a the candidates to speak b the candidates speak c to speak

Page 139

A. Correct the errors in the conditional sentences. More than one correct
answer may be possible.

1. If you will take a good picture, it can preserve memories of times you might
forget.

If you take a good picture, it’ll preserve memories of times you might forget.

2. If I was you, I would send them an e-mail right away.

If I were you, I would send them an e-mail right away.

3. If you would go out today, you’ll need an umbrella.

If you go out today, you’ll need an umbrella.

4. Most people would eat healthy food if they understand the consequences of
eating too much junk food.

Most people would eat healthy food if they understood the consequences of
eating too much junk food.

5. These speakers will be OK if you used them in a smaller room.

These speakers will be OK if you use them in a smaller room.

6. If the weather will be better, I’d go for a swim.

If the weather were better, I’d go for a swim.

7. If I would have a chance, I would work shorter hours.

If I had a chance, I would work shorter hours.

8. Will you ride a bicycle to work if your car broke down?

Will you ride a bicycle to work if your car brake down?

9. What would you do if I would ask you to make dinner?

What would you do if I asked you to make dinner?

10. He won't eat at that restaurant if they would tell him he had to wear formal
clothes.

He won't eat at that restaurant if they would tell him he to wear formal clothes.

B. Complete each statement or question with the correct form of the verb.

1. I wish my favorite author wrote a new book. I’ve read all her old books
so many times.

2. Pat wished she had spent more time test-driving cars before she
bought that SUV.

3. Most people wish they were rich.

4. I wish it had been possible for me to get a better camera when l

bought this one.
 5. They wished they would known sooner that their computer was a
lemon.

6. When I was a child, my parents wished l would become a doctor.

7. Do you wish you had a more comfortable car for the trip tomorrow?

8. Marie and her boyfriend are going to Germany tomorrow. Does she wish her
boyfriend had studied German?

9. I wish you had gone to bed earlier when you have to get up for
work.

Page 140

C. On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the sentences, changing if + not

statements to unless and making any necessary changes. Follow the
example.

1. If you aren't in a hurry, you should walk.

Unless you are in a hurry, you should walk.

2. I you don't care about special features; you shouldn't consider getting the top-
of-the-line model.

Unless you care about special features; you shouldn't consider getting the
top-of-the-line model.

3. She won't go running in the park if her friends don't go with her.

She won’t go running in the park unless her friends go with her.

4. Claire won't buy a car if it doesn't have a high-tech sound system.

Claire won’t buy a car unless it has a high-tech sound system.

On a separate sheet of paper, complete the unreal conditional sentences in your

own way, using active and passive forms. Refer to the presentation above for some
possibilities.

1. If I were elected ruler of a country, I would work for the peace of the world.

2. The car would have been invented earlier if, we had the necessary tech.

3. If I were looking for a high-tech smart phone, I had gotten an iPhone.

 4. If this laptop had been available when I was looking for one, I would have
bought it.

5. If I had been in the university, I wouldn't be studying English now.

6. If I were going to take a commercial space flight today, I would have worn my
mask.

Page 152

A. Read the paragraphs and underline the main ideas. Then write your own
summary statement
There are a number of excellent presentation graphics technologies available today.
Two well-known ones are Microsoft Office’s PowerPoint and Macintosh’s Keynote. No
matter which technology you use, here are some do’s and don’ts that will make your
presentation more successful.
First, the do’s: Keep your slides concise. Keep the amount of text to a minimum
because it’s hard for the audience to focus on your main points if there’s too much
text. Use large letters (from 18 to 48 points) and simple, easy-to-read fonts. Use bullets
to separate items in a list. Use just a few colors and keep that color scheme consistent
throughout the presentation. If you project your slides in a bright room, light-colored
text on dark backgrounds will be easiest to read. What should a presenter avoid? Don’t
use all capital letters. They are hard to read. Never use dark letters on a dark
background. The presentation will be hard to see. Don’t use sound effects that are
unrelated to the meaning of your presentation and avoid distracting transitions. When
presenting from a PowerPoint or Keynote presentation, look at your computer screen
or handheld notes, not the screen the audience is looking at—to do that you would
have to turn away from your audience and you would lose contact with the people you
are presenting to.

Your summary statement:

There are many things to do and consider when preparing a PowerPoint presentation
or Keynote presentation. Consider that they will help make your presentation more
successful.