LESSON #6: EQUILIBRIUM OF COPLANAR FORCE

SYSTEM (CONCURRENT AND NON-CONCURRENT)

EQUILIBRIUM

Statics - RB

MODULE 2-MIDTERM
HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Civil Engineering
 LESSON #6: EQUILIBRIUM OF COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
MODULE 2-MIDTERM
(CONCURRENT AND NON-CONCURRENT) EQUILIBRIUM

LESSON #6: Equilibrium of Coplanar Force System (Concurrent and Non-Concurrent)

Equilibrium

In this lesson you will be able

 To draw and illustrate the free-body diagram for a particle.
 Solve particle equilibrium problems using the equations of equilibrium. Develop the
equations of equilibrium for a rigid body.
 Solve rigid-body equilibrium problems using the equations of equilibrium.

All concepts sample problems and figures are from the followings books,
 Meriam, Kraig.(2012). Engineering Mechanics Statics, 9th ed. John Wiley & Sons.
 Beer, Johnston, Mazurek, Eisenberg. (2010). Vector Mechanics for Engineers: STATICS, 7th
ed.,McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
 R.C.Hibbeler (2010). Engineering Mechanics, 12th ed, New Jersey: Prentice Hall
 Pytel, Kiusalaas (2010). Engineering Mechanics:Statics, 3rd ed., Cengage Learning, Stamford,
CT USA
You can also refer to the following online pages for additional information.
 HAU BOOKs 24x7
 http://www.civilengineering.com
 CE 474 Structural Analysis II Homepage.https://engineering.purdue.edu/~ce474/
 NPTEL Phase II::Civil Engineering-Structural Analysis I .nptel.ac.in/downloads/105101085/

Equilibrium
 A body is said to be in equilibrium if the resultant of the force system that acts on the body
vanishes.
 Equilibrium means that both the resultant force and the resultant couple are zero.

∑ 𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎, ∑ 𝑭𝒙 = 𝟎, ∑ 𝑴𝒐 = 𝟎

Free Body Diagram of a Body

 It is a sketch of the body showing all forces that act on it.

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 LESSON #6: EQUILIBRIUM OF COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
MODULE 2-MIDTERM
(CONCURRENT AND NON-CONCURRENT) EQUILIBRIUM

 The term free implies that all supports have been removed and replaced by the forces
(reactions) that they exert on the body.
The following is the general procedure for constructing a free-body diagram.
 A sketch of the body is drawn assuming that all supports (surfaces of contact, supporting
cables, etc.) have been removed.
 All applied forces are drawn and labeled on the sketch. The weight of the body is considered
to be an applied force acting at the center of gravity. As shown in Chapter 8, the center of
gravity of a homogeneous body coincides with the centroid of its volume.
 The support reactions are drawn and labeled on the sketch. If the sense of a reaction is
unknown, it should be assumed. The solution will determine the correct sense: A positive
result indicates that the assumed sense is correct, whereas a negative result means that the
correct sense is opposite to the assumed sense.
 All relevant angles and dimensions are shown on the sketch.
To master the construction and to be successful in drawing of the FBD, you must be completely
familiar with the following;

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LESSON #6: EQUILIBRIUM OF COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
MODULE 2-MIDTERM
(CONCURRENT AND NON-CONCURRENT) EQUILIBRIUM

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 LESSON #6: EQUILIBRIUM OF COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
MODULE 2-MIDTERM
(CONCURRENT AND NON-CONCURRENT) EQUILIBRIUM

Keep in mind the following points when you are drawing free-body diagrams.
 Be neat. Because the equilibrium equations will be derived directly from the free-body
diagram, it is essential that the diagram be readable.
 Clearly label all forces, angles, and distances with values (if known) or symbols (if the values
are not known).
 The support reactions must be consistent with the information presented in Table
 Show only forces that are external to the body (this includes support reactions and the
weight). Internal forces occur in equal and opposite pairs and thus will not appear on free-
body diagrams.
Examples of Free-Body Diagrams

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 LESSON #6: EQUILIBRIUM OF COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
MODULE 2-MIDTERM
(CONCURRENT AND NON-CONCURRENT) EQUILIBRIUM

Categories of Equilibrium

Two-Force Members
 Two force member to be in equilibrium, the two forces acting on the member must have the
same magnitude, act in opposite directions and have the same line of action, directed along
the line joining the two points where these forces act.

Three-Force Members
 Member is subjected to only three forces
 Moment equilibrium can be satisfied only if the three forces form a concurrent or parallel
forces

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 LESSON #6: EQUILIBRIUM OF COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
MODULE 2-MIDTERM
(CONCURRENT AND NON-CONCURRENT) EQUILIBRIUM

 As special case, if the three forces are all parallel, the location of the point of intersection O,
will approach infinity.

The reason why we need to know or identify the two or three force member in a system is because it
can simplify the problems and make the calculation easier.

Example #1: (p.4.66, Vector Mechanics for

Engineers: Statics, Beer and Johnston,9th ed.)

Determine the reactions at B and D when b = 60

mm.
By Triangle Method

FBD 2:

Solution: Since CD is a two force member, the line

of action of reaction of D will pass through C and D. By Sine Law, Solve the forces at D and B.

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LESSON #6: EQUILIBRIUM OF COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
MODULE 2-MIDTERM
(CONCURRENT AND NON-CONCURRENT) EQUILIBRIUM

Example #2: (E.4.68, Vector Mechanics for

Engineers: Statics, Beer and Johnston,9th ed.)

Determine the reactions at B and C when a = 1.5

in.

By Triangle Method

Solution:

CD is two force members and ABD is three force

members. By Sine Law

FBD 1:

Example#3: (p5-12, Engineering Mechanics,RC

Hibbeler, 12th ed)

Draw the free-body diagram of the beam which

supports the 80-kg load and is supported by the pin
at A and a cable which wraps around the pulley at D.
Determine the tension in the cord and the horizontal
and vertical components of reaction at support A of
the beam.

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LESSON #6: EQUILIBRIUM OF COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
MODULE 2-MIDTERM
(CONCURRENT AND NON-CONCURRENT) EQUILIBRIUM

Solve the Tension in the cord by taking the moment

at A equal to zero

For the horizontal and vertical reaction at A. sum up

the forces horizontally and vertically respectively
equal to zero.
Solution:

Illustrate the FBD

Example#4: (p4.38, Vector Mechanics for Engineers:

Statics, Beer and Johnston, 9th ed.)

Determine the tension in each cable and the reaction

at D.

The forces are non-concurrent but coplanar.

Solution:

Draw the FBD. The forces are Coplanar and non-

concurrent .

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LESSON #6: EQUILIBRIUM OF COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
MODULE 2-MIDTERM
(CONCURRENT AND NON-CONCURRENT) EQUILIBRIUM

20 10
𝐷𝑥 = 𝐹𝐵𝐸 ( ) + 𝐹𝐶𝐹 ( )
21.54 12.81
𝐷𝑥 = 3750 𝑁

Segment ABCD

8 8
𝐹𝐵𝐸 ( ) (0.2) − 𝐹𝐶𝐹 ( ) (0.1)
21.54 12.81
− (600𝑥0.3) = 0 → 1

8 8
𝐹𝐵𝐸 ( ) − 𝐹𝐶𝐹 ( ) − 600 = 0 → 2
21.54 12.81

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