Submitted by: Gynesis P.

Roquero
Submitted to: Jex Edwards B. Reyno
 Mercury
Mass (kg) 3.3 x 1023
Diameter (km) 4879.4
Mean density (kg/m3) 5420
Escape velocity (m/s) 4300
Average distance from Sun 0.387 AU (57,909,175 km)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days) 58.65
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days)     87.97
Obliquity (tilt of axis degrees) 0
Orbit inclination (degrees) 7
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular) 0.206
Mean surface temperature (K) 452
Maximum surface temperature (K) 700
Minimum surface temperature (K) 100
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity) 0.12
Largest known surface feature Caloris Basin (1350 km diameter)
Atmospheric components trace amounts of hydrogen and helium
Surface materials basaltic and anorthositic rocks and regolith
Mercury—the smallest planet in our solar system and closest to the Sun—is
only slightly larger than Earth's Moon. Mercury is the fastest planet, zipping
around the Sun every 88 Earth days.
 Venus
Mass (kg) 4.87 x 1024
Diameter (km) 12104
3
Mean density (kg/m ) 5250
Escape velocity (m/s) 10400
Average distance from Sun 0.723 AU (108,208,930 km)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days) 243.02 (retrograde)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days)     224.7
Obliquity (tilt of axis degrees) 178
Orbit inclination (degrees) 3.39
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular) 0.007
Mean surface temperature (K) 726
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity) 0.59
Maxwell Montes
Highest point on surface
(17 km above mean planetary radius)
Atmospheric components 96% carbon dioxide,
3% nitrogen,
0.1% water vapor
Surface materials basaltic rock and altered materials

Venus spins slowly in the opposite direction from most planets. A thick atmosphere traps
heat in a runaway greenhouse effect, making it the hottest planet in our solar system.
 Earth
Mass (kg) 5.98 x 1024
Diameter (km) 12756
3
Mean density (kg/m ) 5520
Escape velocity (m/s) 11200
Average distance from Sun 1 AU (149,597,890 km)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days) 1 (23.93 hours)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days) 365.26
Obliquity (tilt of axis degrees) 23.4
Orbit inclination (degrees) 0
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular) 0.017
Mean surface temperature (K) 281
Mean maximum surface temperature (K) 310
Mean minimum surface temperature (K) 260
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity) 0.39
Highest point on surface Mount Everest
(over 8 km above sea-level)
Atmospheric components 78% nitrogen,
21% oxygen,
1% argon
Surface materials basaltic and granitic rock and altered materials

Earth—our home planet—is the only place we know of so far that’s inhabited by living
things. It's also the only planet in our solar system with liquid water on the surface.
Mass (kg) 6.42 x 1023
Diameter (km) 6787
3
Mean density (kg/m ) 3940
Escape velocity (m/s) 5000
Average distance from Sun 1.524 AU (227,936,640 km)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days) 1.026
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days)     686.98
Obliquity (tilt of axis degrees) 25
Orbit inclination (degrees) 1.85
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular) 0.093
Maximum surface temperature (K) 310
Minimum surface temperature (K) 150
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity) 0.15
Highest point on surface Olympus Mons
(about 24 km above surrounding lava plains)
Atmospheric components 95% carbon dioxide,
3% nitrogen,
1.6% argon
Surface materials basaltic rock and altered materials

Mars

Mars is a dusty, cold, desert world with a very thin atmosphere. There is strong evidence
Mars was—billions of years ago—wetter and warmer, with a thicker atmosphere.
 Jupiter

Mass (kg) 1.90 x 1027

Diameter (km) 142,800
Mean density (kg/m3) 1314
Escape velocity (m/s) 59500
Average distance from Sun 5.203 AU (778,412,020 km)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days) 0.41 (9.8 Earth hours)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth years) 11.86
Obliquity (tilt of axis degrees) 3.08
Orbit inclination (degrees) 1.3
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular) 0.048
Mean surface temperature (K) 120 (cloud tops)
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity) 0.44
Atmospheric components 90% hydrogen,
10% helium,
.07% methane
Rings Faint ring.
Infrared spectra imply dark rock fragments.

Jupiter is more than twice as massive than the other planets of our solar system
combined. The giant planet's Great Red spot is a centuries-old storm bigger than Earth.
 Saturn
Mass (kg) 5.69 x 1026
Diameter (km) 120660
3
Mean density (kg/m ) 690
Escape velocity (m/s) 35600
Average distance from Sun 9.537 AU (1,426,725,400 km)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days) 0.44 (10.2 Earth hours)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth years) 29.46
Obliquity (tilt of axis degrees) 26.7
Orbit inclination (degrees) 2.49
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular) 0.056
Mean temperature (K) 88 K (1 bar level)
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity) 0.46
Atmospheric components 97% hydrogen,
3% helium,
.05% methane
Rings Rings are 270,000 km in diameter, 
but only a few hundred meters thick. 
Particles are centimeters to decameters 
in size and are ice. There are four main 
ring groups and three fainter, narrow 
ring groups separated by gaps called divisions.
Saturn Adorned with a dazzling, complex system of icy rings, Saturn is unique in our
solar system. The other giant planets have rings, but none are as spectacular as Saturn's.
 Uranus
Mass (kg) 8.68 x 1025
Diameter (km) 51118
Mean density (kg/m3) 1290
Escape velocity (m/s) 21300
Average distance from Sun 19.19 AU (2,870,972,200 km)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days) 0.72 (17.9 Earth hours)(retrograde)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days) 30,685 (84 Earth years)
Obliquity (tilt of axis degrees) 97.9
Orbit inclination (degrees) 0.77
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular) 0.047
Mean temperature (K) 59
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity) 0.56
Atmospheric components 83% hydrogen,
15% helium,
2% methane (at depth)
Rings Uranus has a system of narrow, faint rings. 
Ring particles are dark, and could 
consist of rocky or carbonaceous material.

Uranus—seventh planet from the Sun—rotates at a nearly 90-degree angle from the
plane of its orbit. This unique tilt makes Uranus appear to spin on its side.
 Neptune
Mass (kg) 1.02 x 1026
Diameter (km) 49528
3
Mean density (kg/m ) 1640
Escape velocity (m/s) 23300
Average distance from Sun 30.07 AU (4,498,252,900 km)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days) 0.67 (19.1 hours)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days) 60,190 (164.8 Earth years)
Obliquity (tilt of axis degrees) 29.6
Orbit inclination (degrees) 1.77
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular) 0.009
Mean temperature (K) 48
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity) 0.51
Atmospheric components 74% hydrogen,
25% helium,
1% methane (at depth)
Rings Rings are narrow, and contain 
concentrations of particles 
called ring arcs.

Neptune—the eighth and most distant major planet orbiting our Sun—is dark, cold and
whipped by supersonic winds. It was the first planet located through mathematical
calculations
 Statistics for each planet’s moon and other
small bodies.

Pluto
Mass (kg) 1.29 x 1022

Diameter (km) 2300

Mean density (kg/m3) 2030

Escape velocity (m/s) 1100

Average distance from Sun 39.48 AU (5,906,376,200 km)

Rotation period (length of day in Earth days) 6.39 (retrograde)

Revolution period (length of year in Earth years)     247.92

Obliquity (tilt of axis degrees) 122.5

Orbit inclination (degrees) 17.15

Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular) 0.248

Mean temperature (K) 37

Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity) about 0.5

Atmospheric components perhaps methane and nitrogen

Surface materials perhaps methane ice

Pluto is a dwarf planet and is still on the boards of defense trying to confirm its real identity.
spins slowly in the opposite direction from most planets.