COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT,

SOLIDARITY AND CITIZENSHIP

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Triple Venn Diagram

Differences:
A - Community Engagement
B - Solidarity
C - Citizenship

Similarities:
D - Community Engagement and Citizenship
E - Community Engagement and Solidarity
F - Solidarity and Citizenship
Self-Involvement to Community Engagement
People can get involved in many ways--here are just a few:
 Get involved in planning processes like creating goals or defining the problem
 Donate money or help out with a fundraising effort
 Volunteer to staff the office, answer phones, put together mass mailings, or make phone calls
 Doing research, writing grant proposals, or handling correspondence
 Attend public events like rallies, community hearings, or fundraising events
 Serve on committees that focus on specific problems or activities
 Take leadership roles in a community partnership

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
Concepts concerning community participation offer
one set of explanations as to why the process of
community engagement might be useful in
addressing the physical, interpersonal, and cultural
aspects of individuals’ environments. The real value
of participation stems from the finding that
mobilizing the entire community, rather than
engaging people on an individualized basis or not
engaging them at all, leads to more effective results
(Braithwaite et al., 1994). Simply stated, change "...
is more likely to be successful and permanent when
the people it affects are involved in initiating and
promoting it" (Thompson et al, 1990, p. 46). In other
words, a crucial element of community engagement
is participation by the individuals, community-based organizations, and institutions that will be affected by
the effort.

This participation is "a major method for improving the quality of the physical environment, enhancing
services, preventing crime, and improving social conditions" (Chavis et al., 1990,
p.56). There is evidence that participation can lead to improvements in neighborhood and community and
stronger interpersonal relationships and social fabric
 (Florin et al., 1990). Robert Putnam notes that
social scientists have recently "...unearthed a wide
range of empirical evidence that the quality of
public life and the performance of social
institutions...are...powerfully influenced by
norms and networks of civic engagement."
Moreover, "researchers in...education, urban
poverty,...and even health have discovered that
successful outcomes are more likely in civically
engaged communities" (Putnam, 1995, p.66).
For example, Steckler’s CODAPT model, for
"Community Ownership through Diagnosis,
Participatory Planning, Evaluation, and Training
(for Institutionalization)," suggests that when
community participation is strong throughout a
program’s development and implementation,
long- term program viability, i.e.,
institutionalization, is more likely assured
(Goodman et al., 1987-88).
The community participation literature suggests
that:
· People who interact socially with neighbors
are more likely to know about and join
voluntary organizations.
· A sense of community may increase an
individual’s feeling of control over the
environment, and increases participation in the community and voluntary organizations.
· Perceptions of problems in the environment can motivate individuals (and organizations) to act to
improve the community (Chavis et al., 1990).
"When people share a strong sense of community they are motivated and empowered to change
problems they face, and are better able to mediate the negative effects over things which they have no
control," Chavis et al., (1990, p. 73) write. Moreover, "a sense of community is the glue that can hold
together a community development effort" (Chavis et al., 1990, p. 73-74). This concept suggests that
programs that "...foster membership, increase influence, meet needs, and develop a shared emotional
connection among community members" (Chavis et al.,1990, p. 73) can serve as catalysts for change
and for engaging individuals and the community in health decision-making and action.

Rubrics for Photo Essay 2

A. Given Community Situation/ Activity

B. Description

Criteria 4 3 2 1 Remarks
Provides unique Some unique Interesting No evidence
and interesting aspects evident elements of unique or
approach to which add to support the interesting
Creativity subject in the story message. story elements that
photography, message, but connect to
writing and story are not the story
message. unique.
All story Most of the While some Few elements
elements relate story elements elements of present which
compelling story evident which story evident, do not
(setting, still provide a they do not support a
Storytelling
character, plot, compelling support a coherent,
exposition, story compelling compelling
conflict, climax, story story.
resolution)
 Proper Technically well Writing has Multiple
structure, written with technical technical
grammar, some interest to problems, but problems with
punctuation support the overall narrative
Writing used to not only story. message is which
link images and supported. detracts from
story, but also overall story
enhance overall and
message. message.
Lighting, angles, Lighting, Either quality Neither photo
composition, angles, of photos are quality or
cropping and composition, not consistent story support
Photography content in all cropping and or they do not is evident in
photos support content in all support the images
story. Variety of photos support story provided.
images. story
Judging Criteria:
• Creativity is the original, fresh, and external expression of the imagination of the maker by using the
medium to convey an idea, message or thought. Compelling essays evoke laughter, sadness, anger,
pride, wonder or another intense emotion. The use and control of light to create dimension, shape, and
roundness in an image or the way the creator uses words to express thoughts and emotions can be
considered.
Storytelling refers to the Essay's ability to evoke imagination, create a feeling, tell a story, or visually
illustrate an idea. The images should tell the story in a visual way creating interest by capturing
themoment. Images can better illustrate the story and keep the viewer's interest with variety, angles,
lighting, color, etc.
• Writing should be creative using proper technique and mechanics. The writing should evoke the
emotion and wonder of the reader leaving them to want more by the time they reach the end. Does the
story have a conflict, a climax, and an end?
• Photography includes impact, creativity, technical excellence, composition, lighting, style, color, and
storytelling. The photos should provide variety, interesting angles, imagination, and properly illustrate
the story being told

Images for Photo Analysis

Picture A Picture B Picture C

SOLIDARITY IN THE COMMUNITY:

Solidarity is the acceptance of our social nature and the affirmation of the bonds we share with all our
brothers and sisters.
Social Virtue of Solidarity: The willingness to practice participation while striving for social justice in the
community.

Direction. Identify to which kind of solidarity each item falls under. Choose the letter of the correct answer
in the box.

A. Family B. Community C. Church D. School E. individual

1. We are called to be a rich expression of that love and solidarity and a witness
of the same to the world and put aside all the differences and remember that
a family will always stand behind one another in any circumstance.
2. It is the recognition of the common fatherhood of God and brotherhood in
Christ that will ensure the realization of this important principle.
3. This yields a healthy society, a thriving economy, and care for those on the
margins, and structures that protect the family.
4. This fully achieved when the reciprocal differences of men and women are
seen as an affirmation of the equal dignity of each person.

CITIZEN’s SOCIAL PARTICIPATION

1. Community Activists: Work with others on local

problems, form a group to work on local problems, active
membership community organizations, contact officials on
social issues.
2. Apathetic Inactive: no participatory activity, not even
voting.
3. Passive Supporters: vote regularly, attends patriotic
parades, pay all taxes but don’t indulge in social projects.
4. Protesters: Join in public street demonstration, protest
vigorously if a government does something morally wrong,
attend protest meetings, or refuse to obey unjust laws.
5. Communicators: Keep informed about the state of the
 nation, engaged in discussions, write letters to newspaper
editors, send support or protest messages to national and
local leaders.
6. Volunteerism: It is an essence of democracy which refers to the principle or system of supporting or
doing something by voluntary efforts or actions. It comes from the word voluntariness or the quality of
being free in the exercise of one’s free will; and that such act or deed is performed without
valuable/material consideration.

Part I. Reasons for Involvement

Direction: This evaluation is to appraise your reasons for prospective involvement in a community action
by encircling the appropriate score. Choose your answer from the listed alternatives:
Weighted Mean Point Scale Descriptive Rating Interpretation
4.21 – 5.00 5 Always Highly Considered
3.41 – 4.20 4 Often Considered
2.61 – 3.40 3 Fair Moderately Considered
1.81 – 2.60 2 Seldom Less Considered
1.00 – 1.80 1 Never Not Considered

Indicators Scale
1. Make important networking contacts 5 4 3 2 1
2. Learn or develop skills 5 4 3 2 1
3. Teach your skills to others 5 4 3 2 1
4. Enhance your résumé 5 4 3 2 1
5. Gain work experience 5 4 3 2 1
6. Build self-esteem and self-confidence 5 4 3 2 1
7. Improve your health 5 4 3 2 1
8. Meet new people 5 4 3 2 1
9. Feel needed and valued 5 4 3 2 1
10. Express gratitude for help you may have received in the past from an organization
5 4 3 2 1
11. Communicate to others that you are ambitious, enthusiastic and care about the
5 4 3 2 1
community
12. Make a difference in someone’s life 5 4 3 2 1
13. Improves the likelihood you’re your children will volunteer as an adult 5 4 3 2 1
14. Other 5 4 3 2 1

Part II. Interests

Direction: This evaluation is to appraise your interests for having a prospective involvement in a
community action by encircling the appropriate score. Choose your answer from the listed
alternatives:
Weighted Mean Point Scale Descriptive Rating Interpretation
4.21 – 5.00 5 Always Highly Interested
3.41 – 4.20 4 Often Interested
2.61 – 3.40 3 Fair Moderately Interested
1.81 – 2.60 2 Seldom Less Interested
1.00 – 1.80 1 Never Not Interested
Indicators Scale
1. Politics 5 4 3 2 1
2. Energy / Environment 5 4 3 2 1
3. Advocacy 5 4 3 2 1
4. Education 5 4 3 2 1
5. Health Care 5 4 3 2 1
6. Housing / Homeless 5 4 3 2 1
7. Veterans 5 4 3 2 1
8. Children 5 4 3 2 1
9. Animals 5 4 3 2 1
10. Conservation 5 4 3 2 1
11. Safety and Security 5 4 3 2 1
12. Other 5 4 3 2 1
Part III. Skills
Direction: This evaluation is to appraise your skills beneficial in conducting a prospective involvement in
a community action by encircling the appropriate score. Choose your answer from the listed
alternatives:
Weighted Mean Point Scale Descriptive Rating Interpretation
4.21 – 5.00 5 Always Highly Skilled
3.41 – 4.20 4 Often Skilled
2.61 – 3.40 3 Fair Moderately Skilled
1.81 – 2.60 2 Seldom Less Skilled
1.00 – 1.80 1 Never Not Skilled

Indicators Scale
1. Computer literate 5 4 3 2 1
2. Typing 5 4 3 2 1
3. Sales 5 4 3 2 1
4. Construction 5 4 3 2 1
5. Teaching 5 4 3 2 1
6. Proficient in American Sign Language 5 4 3 2 1
7. Engine Repair 5 4 3 2 1
8. Management 5 4 3 2 1
9. Artistic 5 4 3 2 1
10. Athletic 5 4 3 2 1
11. Cooking 5 4 3 2 1
12. Other 5 4 3 2 1

Part IV. Special Needs

Direction: This evaluation is to appraise your special needs in conducting a prospective involvement in a
community action by encircling the appropriate score. Choose your answer from the listed
alternatives:
Weighted Mean Point Scale Descriptive Rating Interpretation
4.21 – 5.00 5 Always Highly Needed
3.41 – 4.20 4 Often Needed
2.61 – 3.40 3 Fair Moderately Needed
1.81 – 2.60 2 Seldom Less Needed
1.00 – 1.80 1 Never Not Needed

Indicators Scale
1. No crowds/ loud noises 5 4 3 2 1
2. Accessibility 5 4 3 2 1
3. Medical Needs – equipment, medicines, etc. 5 4 3 2 1
4. Stamina 5 4 3 2 1
5. Other 5 4 3 2 1

Graffiti Wall Template

Graphic Organizer