City Research Online

City, University of London Institutional Repository

Citation: Rouse, P.K. (1982). Studies using the MOOS menstrual distress questionnaire.
(Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City University London)

This is the accepted version of the paper.

This version of the publication may differ from the final published
version.

Permanent repository link: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7561/

Link to published version:

Copyright and reuse: City Research Online aims to make research

outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience.
Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright
holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and
linked to.

City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ publications@city.ac.uk

 CT..

US. 71 E MOOS! EIISTRLtY',

C D3S72,
CSS QUESTgQfl 3RE
S70OF-S Jng

Pat. 4ý Y,a t c, , tn e Raa4e

Ph. D.

F , 'ITT, 51 I(f
'cüßil9CýTQi J6.11 f0

C-tt.u UnWeuttv,

Ina.t, 7982
BEST COPY

AVAILABLE
TEXT IN ORIGINAL IS
CLOSETO THE EDGEOF
THE PAGE
BEST COPY

AVAILABLE
Poor text in the original
thesis.
Some text bound close to
the spine.
 corUcrr7S
P%Z

L14t Ta,&te4 3
£Z t aý UqW4 5
Rckaaw 7
R,&4t, tac t8

9n,# wduc toa 9

Chaff 1

Pne zer ot..ta LL Te i.. -i an. 15

Riau eu-L / Ro t=na. L SiwJJ 21
1: 1

ffkthoda. Loq.$c.a,L AwttLenu 24

Ch.vntu 3

sta4 1 31
3: 1
3 :2 Su trjec 4 and 9n4-tccune».to 35

3 :3 ?.wcedwce 37
3: 4 Rnatqieo 38
Ddocwjion. 67
3: 5

Study 2 73
4: 1
4: 2 &uU44e4 75
Dt4CU44 Lan, 110
4: 3
Canc.. u4ton4 123
4: 4

125
P.ncGtx 1
Rp,Q.
209
4 ieiuUx 2

217
Rep-" ce 4

2
 ISST 07 TABLES

Tah,Le 1. Syanptann ocv le Viaup4 alt the flkJWtu Za Dt4t teoa

.
t, Lonnat&,e (flWQ) .
Que-d.

Tabtp- 2. Rem and 4.tand cvtd devta. #.Loa4 'on the Pain, co n,
BeAavto" Chance, Rutonom fc Reach an4 Oat" RetznttorL
,
and Regattve R". ec t 4ca l ea oý the WQ.
7a&..Ge 2a lllean4 and otandcvcd d-vtattono f-an 6 4cate., al- the IIWQ
.
cove, t.Uz 7 pha4e4 alt tim C
i ea4t ua. ccyc-Le, (Te na ems).
Tatre 2b Revw and 4t=ida td d viatton4 Pt 6 4C.LLe4 Of- the IIWQ
cave, a7 pha4e o o-A .the cv be, (/,kt p-4).

Ta.G,Ce 3. flleano and o.tandcvcd dev i cvt.Lana Pt the PaVhaUc i4n,

.
£xt ioveu. Lan, Rewcot c i4 n, and Lt e 4ra-L" alt the
EV4enck. PetuonaGL. t4 Qae4t t.anrw.Ute (EPQ).

7a.&. e 4. Summaz* of, Rna4o of- Ua arice Ito t IIWQ vah la-UR-o.
Tc,G.Ce 5. Su nnza i,ý of- Rnatgzi4 o-A Ua, ance At £PQ vaAiabt4 a.

Talydz. 6. Coa&etc, #..on Coef f'ý fan UQ aco. Le o oven 4 week

pe Vxd.
7a &Le 7. C044R Ca. on Ca Pt 4 ove- 4 week.
IWQ 4=2Z
pehi. od.

Tabie7 (1) CaAAetatJ, on Co Pt RDQ 4C4i" o aver. one

m tAtlat c4 c.& At 7 plea. (Tenate4).

TcthLe7(2) Co&&atata Co fan IIWQ4ca. Leo oven one

.
CVCe ion 7 phayeo. (flaLe4.

Ta rte 8. PaA ta,L CCA;Ze 0,U0na between EPQ 4caneo and 00

aca e4 ove t one crpcLe.

Ta.&U 9. Packq toured data on.. ta L aamp.Le oý, 10 women and

10 next.,

7a.&Ge 10. C/lecuu and .o-andahd dev i.o.Uon4 a1Ethe OQ ta. kzn

over two CV Le a( . o).

labte 11.1llean4 and 4t=dat deviattcn4 v;. .the 00 ; taken.

taro c c,Le4 (9ena t&ö).
oven.

3
 Tmbte 72. // an.s and 4ttuidaýrd dev-La, t arw iah the IWQ 4caL
in Lach phavse 0,,t the rten. o iu Lc cLc. Cjc. Le4
.
7 and 2 (rl ).

To,&&e 13 G7W14 and 4 tan da.,d de-ViC ßv2 tJLe ' tVQ4caL
. -Lcn-
to each ewe olt the aen4 L c. cb U-4
.CC
1 and 2 (9 mcrl Fis) .

Ta,bie 14. CV4encl. Pe 4caa L,i ti,, OLL

e oti. an aca Le .oco
'rzcotute. d on daý,t I and da 60.

Ta,Ldz 15. CoAu t,on4 between dcut 1 anal durst 60

£.V.denck. Pe14orn Li tcar,Qe onn .

Ta-&Lg 16. Ca c, & t ono between cucLe 1 and cVc-Le. 2

4,
Mea4t, tw2t Ot4 QZL
4 4-t.,i_anna >, -- 4cam.

Tc, btie 17. Stgxa Lccnt 4qri, ptom ;h b

acct co .on reeri
.
ct,ýc(.e 7 cad 2 on the ALVQ.

7 :, GC 18- Repatted D-i4tA"4

4ývi tai . 4e-ue 2, t t a_ý Gk"tAUct
20 dUA VZf the pvtemefl4t u a..L and menw A.ua L p/ a4" 40n
.the. 8 oc,.nptam 4CC7,1P. the. WQ
/? (Teas ).
. a 04 .

Table. '21- RPp,onted 4VXIAtOIL 4e-UC&UV, of h7en4 wat Di44

23 duA n. the )uw
erýenoýýurcýt. and mian'.-t. L '. h.
cz Pt
,
the 8 tont the ! 'ZDQ (Pk, Lee;
-iij . . ca-L" o? 0

Tate 24. Su,lryrec to(/ii Le.o and Tema ýa paýtýincc HZgh. P-

-Le-)
aerwtýucad, a (HPMi ) and law ?'4ernen4tAv L
c"4
A t, 4 (. CPrllc7) IU h kgen.,.ti c a. C 4 (fý ?ZJJ)
.
cow1. t c,
UXE.
-7114t (UW)
.
W-44
.
Tc tyir- 25. RRepo'tted 1'?
e t.,au L SVrn .toaato-tor7j. and Reu tLc i4a.

T abd. e 26. Re aa'ed etervstuur. L S Vrc tocza tad. acyt and P4 cha icL dm.
.

7a.&-Le-27. £PQ. tt, --air tho-t tn4 caLte EI Ot2O LZ.

L ,"1at ads Pý,"t.

4
 LIST 07 T9g.uRFS

T (4. a) CornpaU4011 o.- mzan. ion the 4tX 4ca, CP4 of- the NDQ
P& the pAeMZn4 uaL, nns ua L, p oar ircen4 aL and
ýn teJi-mzrUS iua, L pha4e-4 oý the. c.tc le. CIý and 9ematz4.
.

9"iq- 1r) Coapa&t4oa vý- rrean4 Ao t the Ni j/ o.t. c t. nt, £xtAove&4 i an,
Ww.t tcL4nn and L Le 4ca2
Re.. o the FPQ P the p e-
-t
merzat, uuaC, men4 th1.. L, p.o4.tmen L and in to vwt w- t
-ttua. .
pha4e- o.4 the cu.cl e. ffkUe4 and TemaLe-i.

": 4i. c) CampaL an o aat e4 and ýenza, o vet Pa-in 4M& Of- the.
IIWQ.

9.i, d) Com.
pa-.vt oa a-ý mzt and P naiv o overt Cancent tat Lo z
4Ca& o1 the 1WQ.

Ttq e) Compwt orz a4 rna e4 and ýzrn U e4 oven Autanam tc Reac t tan.
4cale a,ý the IIWQ.

Campa iarL 4 ma Le o and ? avec &7ateA Re ten Uor.

cczLe a.ý the IIWQ.
.

3'.4 g) Camp At4 om cri ma-Le. o and a vet I2ega .W Rect.

.
4ca. (.e of, the 1IZDQ.

P,oycho tc i4nt, Cxt, wve44 LOn., Ii eu wtt

. 4f and LIP- 4C4tZ
me= 4concpahed fan wt" and naLcit4 week p od
Ate.
9L h) P4V.ha c- m.
.
PJ4 £Xtwv -Lon.
T.Ig .) i2ecvt.
o c-a

TtqE) Lie
TtCja2) Campani4om alt meat- it the .ax 4caL of- the !1WQ
P& men4t,,wa Oa, paat-men . tiatL. fl., phe-ovulatiom
and cuu xrUar..

5
92, CoapaAi4o f-t the
i2) . aA mzarw 4, x 4ca le ao the. I DQ
i&an pc t-ouw a t. i.an, eah4 p tem iwtau a, and .Late phe.-
men4t4w1m.. tlk&te o and Ten Leo.

74 cri) Com.
pcz on. a-A meteo and TemaLeo avert the Pa fL 4Cate
wang 7 pha ie4 -

T d2) Conp.a 4oa of, na p-4 and fen Dues the Car cen Lon
. .o .a
4caeuir 7Rha4e4.

74. e2) Carnßcvrf4=a. ý mat e4 and AxuUz4 aue t the Behau o"
Chance. 4ca. Le ua-bW 7 ph"".

Ca,nPaA,Laan Of- rnal.e4 and ove t Ru tanom ic ReactLon4

4ca. Ce wi. i i. 7 Ph" e4,,

T g2) Catpa4 4o, L oý, mcLCeo and Arna. Leo ou" the *e4. ne to ttcri.
LJa.
and n,egci e- a#ect 4CaU4 aý the (IWQ.

Carnpa,r loon, aý- 4eLec ted 4wLriec.t alt

lto4 Ua.4%0U4 p"
te.po4ted 4 p4amata. Cagcf.

7,i.ß 4) CwnpaAe,* Tema.Le R w-Uh Tema 7

-Le

T Lq. na) Campa.te4 Rate -.5 wt& (lia.& 9.

74 n) Com.
pa te4 Tem z-Le C with Te=te D.

314 a) Campa-w Rate 1 and Matz 3.

U9. a) CumpaAeo fkr.& 2 and QUe 10.

Ttq ¢) Carnpczte4 Tema& ; and Ills le7.

6
 RC7alO
rr. DgUZnTs

ffld. nmenand ciorzen cor 2. &utcd to -thi4 vonk and 9 than.,

at, L ol- -thea f-oýt an4cveA4ntz the fflVWtAUXa AZ44 QLP-4t. onna-L
.9L .

3 an indebted to D4. Il1a qa to food t hers faith and

. .6 - totthou
eacouAagerzen t, the uronk would no. t haare green cart. . ted.

J thank a U.. the p ea p lz who ptw v-i ded me ott h. and cU4 e.c t ed
me .t.acvcuid 4"e. vuh mzrtR Lc and ppi&t Ln.
en tL teAur wte, .in

ti
pa4, cu-Ln4, Linda Ta. an L-Ta tk t,n o the US /I L?ur. ltwrurn.

£n ccbiee t n,¢ Labo& t o.VI..

Poo R. ff. 0004

3m add LUon., nub thank4 ahe due to 4an
1fan h, i4 vataabJ coruae,n t4 and pznm i 44. Lon.. to U4e- the.
I12eJtt, ta. L 1)t4a QL La&t wc2.
.

SAO-Ci.a.L gl: a tU. u L. and app-iec Lat. Lon to nv hu4. band 4o& h
.
4uPPO Vt. and cvho4c .Lddea4 and c4, U cd4m4 weAe a Con cntwt
40U,,, Oý 4t LftuLLafto
."

3 . want to thank La&Acvine Ra &t4 who dec i,pheted

4,
Rum pa,; e4 hwzdcufii 4aq to p pcvte the t4pRAcAupt "

ºº3 g nt potje of- di 4c to Uon, to the Un i.veA4t4 &u Atm

to all our this

. .th. m-i. o .to dre co pled i uho. l e on iA pwvt

w.Wwwt jEu tthen 4e- e4ence to me. Th t 4. LorL coveýU

co/2Le4 made ion 4.tU4 PUAp.o4e. 4,4 bbea to

orb 4 lg-Ce
L
n.ohma. condi t_orv4 o.- ackn, otated enwit".

7
 lqrlsTzqcT

SyptLton. 4 a4U& L1 a44oc i, w.W the r,7an4t mtL c4cfe

-ed
arme a fir ed cxeek,Cy .'t. .ocuc 1reek4 in men and warten drt1.
tcck in. c adrL Ut rzeou44 mea4wra4 or- mood and peuonzt.,! 4.
Thee jene o.(s zed ua "-v ed Town 7 aN the "?a04'
Gten4.t-tua-L )/Z4t-&"4 Que4 on. r cL (IM) Which e-UCZ
. . -4
in,..paluuat ion a&out rear 1, p0.4.. r.Ce menus ucaL di4.. ie"4Vn, .tom4;
and the. C enck. Pe, 0RAZ 41 Qa t L,
an .a.. e (EPQ) de..
, ned
to nzeaiuhe noun di me w ono ojP pp Dona ti tý,,, P4VCha ,°t,
Ext toue -i.on, letvw ic i4a and 1 ems.
7h-L4 p etes. 7
2evea. Led t a.-t Torun die
cowLd not u4ed
to mea4 w men uta-L c.&,c. Le Al cxted acpt arur o.Cor c,ý, uh-en
9,Lven taeek 4i.. 7&,Z4 rw. hod did, ho&even, ahoy lur t -XtZ4
t
aLthout, 7A t. 'Le i do not endop, 4e 4 Vnp oma damn the ra
?. e..4eten i. oa
4cciLe, do coapt Un. nahe th4a crane and a z.-- veV qd Ut7 Ln
,, .
f pct emo? wnae. CPQ . coiLea d, °,fi vtL Azg4 cd to
, lr-leO Vet tnze.
4 ex and thv, ne,^zarn4
fý? z tlLe mad .t ca 2on., the que4-t t orwLa- to wc4
da i, to U. LQ. o (10)
ad-"nA* A JCed , ob4ewe a 4nw. c aua a-ý ra.
and Ar'a (10) oveh the equ iva. Lento, mew wtatCa XU-4
(60 da V4). .o ,P
7h.e £PQ way carz-p4x ted bV the 4u it cto once at the
GeclinMin ; a.- the 4 tudet and once at the. en-cL.
.
Tots 7 t4 tit n.
cr.U. cý ca vit and when given. on a
,
dat Lc. iJa,4-i4 can d.+.Pýüýrz tLa te. be tueen m Le .i and P-r Le ö
and detect lv t4 i co L, e,^catL anat and lid hav L.ou a.L. chanu ea
ne L ted to the c pa te m f hoAnona, {, ac.t1. u-, #ý; 1a, Wj.
.cltc , o. .
4Le.. ocahe 1-LtLC-tu z tLorz4 and the pha4e rear- Pt ci4c te1
and ce,c. Le 2 teVe-at taAqe 0,UA-'j arLl-& dý ý°e en ce o. ff owevet,
.o ,
aU. ? er,uaLe4 ex. ue game di4com afrt tn canrL.eC: t-on with
JLe L, me.n4 aL p tad and 40ne men, do 4haW a 4ýrzi. Ccu pattern.
o,P p.or e. "P neivý V'
ýicuý, and "mer V'
4t,, cw. mori wehe not

tea on an4 oý- the IWQ 4yrnptom 4COL"s 'a& the. An t",
ru
PAej,zer 4t L and me"t44UZ-t near4 d qp-Aed 4t quu. Cafl tJ4 °J. Or
.uz, -
rn. te. lun nt a-L ne=4 on 4eue L (VJQ 4cc)J4.
.
Cow Cal, ' Lores between ce cle1 and 2 da no-t ex -, t
d2 c ep uw, tp-o &a4ed on top o& othe4. eUU o'.Uono
in p !. Gßä1..
er nJ. Z4 wýc t4 P.a2h'. 4 o,;
ze evidence -iss
. -44Z .
piovt ded ? o"- the COfl4 i4ateACce °
a? women'4 lL d UIenA4 aWW44 the
two mE. n t anat. cn4. Th-L pa.ttenn vs not tep °.o2
. mea4wee. . -aced
men., taho4e 4Vapton te.,
w t ice Le. aq 4t bte.
2n-
. . hich Ii
I2en4 w. p .4 no. t a440C-at. ed with a 4c04e
. Ay, i4 4
on the CPQ. 4rceno/urhoea . VLLf-Lcai
a. r:,; cOlV-e-.i ed w-Uh
Uvr t, a.LiV'i cý and de rit"4. i. on.
,
S..Lnce the 4Lth eC. 4' da i2 acofr -d chow e .i,n. ten-
djf-,, Pe ce4 U mE ch t be urge to necoi v end that
.in vtdwJ. ink-o the to terv4.i.ue I4
XtV, e &"en)rche men4tw. tct COUP- 4 LL
i,
the ,i nd vtd cL neac t Lorvö a? ct 4,rZl, L 4am,2Ce a? women Itathen
than- d-uwr r enPJta. Lt. orv3 ýliarn camJ. fined data.

S
 2127;
Z03UCTIon

14 pe onr. C Üi todi ct Laa into the .. teedht, a.- the raen o u. aL

CIVIC-Le e- an !n eat4+ 1975. At that tine 9 water an wzden-

naduo to 4e< cJ q fan a . UZtZlYCe .tap c Aan nir v' (jea t

po ect. LL4 ter?AIW
to the Lo one evv2, L warms 4oß ww-te
. -tad .r3 .
to he.a4. a .&4oadca4-t 2a wh.Lch D. 2 hahina Da-Uan outX ned
the 'c, J. 4on Pceruurr4-t uLaL
, abd.emw --d i aranen 4u. .eiz. q
7en4toa (Mr) and .the need PZ .aw e tce we i, .h to be caM. ed
cut Za .this 1-Le-id.
i Wceadlag d egaa -.n ea&ae4t and 3 4oan. d 4cave ed wt
. .
? ear.. ap'Lco haue.. &eea and .i. tW. cute ja clathed in ttwd- t-Lon

aal exc. e node-44 as that- o. 4t&ueý-'. on..

ma_n, How 4; hcý.nte that

a natwt. a.L phoce44 urhich Iwo

dreen, cJa4a. to -t-LC oý- women . -ixrce
the (reg.Lut ink 04 iie 4h.ou2d .&e corL4tdened "4ome h trz not to
. .
be taLk. ed a-baut", a aahk a; Zn i,o,ti, 4t o-. can ta,. inat, i an.
S.Ln.ce at iz4At 1960 ',-ere have been news - .t at. /vrer -+vý uur. L
and nten4 t .aa. L pioJ .Lemo cart4Jt U. wte the 4-Ln . Le mo4.t common nea4Oa
trorcen, concu. Lt doc to'4. geit CU nedU.ca2.4cLencz can 4WJ. eLau-t
h24 irrcrzenýe cznawz t o.- awhi 4 it ice rLO-t UV
. n. -thct . 'Mal
wLdelr4 food. Glhat women, ate beq. inn. i.ngr a teaL+4e L that
nced.Lcct . c,i ence ham nod yet taken ne L4t44 a.. L-2aL2 ted 4uß; eýrýn
ve 4.. e tou4. I4, and h. 4 oA cat tAt4 airy b way Umu tcth e.
,.
3.rh 44,, Warten u4uati. ¢ necaven monthat eh month iahet/'Le c
do ct oA4 he, Lp. the ,,j o'i n o.t (Jiamzn who a4.e. qcin4 to caw, i t
.
. u. Lc Lde do 4o rno.4 t oAe2 to p len.4t iw2-L 3.ta te4, dreamt
vet eeW

oth. eli wramen, d-t e .Ger-awe oý- nte.n st&u-, -L d.4 cw 4.

.e.
Secand4, «ranzen .them4e2Cveo opt-ea a..z unawa-re that nanu
al,' the .4A cche4 and pa th , the ih rg tcz2ne headaches and 4!J U744

aý moad, tAet-t 4e-e" -,bj hapel. e de/vice 4-Lan4 and unhea4oaatT. le

ang, e, !a the week. Gef-o4e a pe i. od a t.

e ryczmen4. #Jwo-L phobLen .
i u,W. e, mo, te, each gene wA-ioa o-f- uronert 4eer14 to be .oa
U omed to accept nz"t, ta. L pain a4 Umvita))Ae, that the.
cared
4u i ta 4-lte- .ce, epec Lal-4 4a doctor ha4 toJ4 there
o , .
t: h. iA pbL they. they, aau- eadu z. i4, UL the a b4 ence
.
ý ptodr. Lc-n the doctors can d coven, ma4t4t ",Za the vt n1 nr4
o. an.t
ý.i na l. Lý, C 4c. i ervtLs4 tv ve jeers and ae now MO-Le
na o rýedý:c, .
.o ire,-24 that mat te hi ve w/ý(ýoaeý°uLLc,C
a. (,tiLau¢h 3 do nod nean- ,
-
indeed, nzen have made
LLeth ted the 411b; e-Ct o. me ^2an.
.
(mut the the ýuýa t c',ýc
the dUcoveItLe4 a, Wa4 rien.
moat. a; -
9
cjc&k. d. Thecj haue
cata. Loaue. d rw J aj the. bz that cart,
and aýAerz do, n,.o w .orte . The, ýl, have conwc r..en cw t dev-ed
-L.
zm d Le. 4o4 warnen., and cor& ts rw.e to do 40.
,
The rvio.G.Lem i4 none 4w&&Le and rMo4e dj? -Lcutt. 9t cvri4e4

on2tj. in pai&t Aor-c the -/act that aen, do no.t ex, e ce

rzen.4tiu=t, Lon., and 40 pe4hap4 heue n even 4e IA L, to ULd
-Lvea
L
&a. Ld &atre been the-V had
w'- ems to the wwj, urarm, p o. ey ü ou. -i.,,
freer in i erLCe i ebj P-c cen-tuA Le-4.
cha qe aý- 4c and 4oc
,

21000 tie-a-U ago to A. 1)" 77 the Raman, awthon PUny.

R.(mo- t
.
the E.Cdeii ' ecoacded in one oe the 37 vo-Lwme- o.? h ceLe &'^ted
ClatuAa, L fU-toncy thi4 injP-anou i. on, about U v.
7 ürorcen.:
. ob4envat

ºº4 thect happen to af2yioach a ve44e-L oý- Wtae,

.
he U eve t 4o flA? W , Wt LL pD4 e4 40 UA... .
Le them hand..L any "144e4, VmV. uZ die-. ..
,t . Jason. and
The vain (ree4 th. the h.Lve cri f. L die.
. -
4) .eeZ ryre4er L..tczke t and b4 a44 tfk. ew e.,
, ink ZA
with a 4t. wrtc and poL orted 4t
they but L.acj. hand....... UaAd 4 can .thehe
. . 'la h
he Pund", P.CLi coacLuded, incý monz
ct0fl4 iou4 than that 4l. wc and cocur-e 04
-i4
.the, 4".

Pttay. agent h,L Z4 t-adtaq, %the cotLe. c tted Ur dom. of- hi-4
tine anal ton. 64o4e 4J). 77 rrea th oughout the kno;;. rL
.
ijo Ld we to 4 eac th to r. en4 uatLon with a r"x tu to of- acne
and dd4r u4 t.
Conc.. Geouz ?. Etna, f-on exaapte, 2o,,Wa4ten, 1ounden o,
,
the p ie bi xLLc a,G, ancient U
&e.. Lan. a4 the Pelz d Lan4 the
,
n&U4doa o.- the I1 q-L" had p oc. Ca eed that a ntea4 uW t in-q
. .
woman wa.3 the woýtk olt the dev-U, arLd rnua-t never be a caved to

yca,.e unorL .the 'ached f LAe. opt the 4ua, on .&z-Lk. .to a man..
Hindu Law f-GAbade a flUnq. woman to Loop at cuuton.e, even hen
. .
own ch ftdhen.
The Law of- the p Lem in the 01.4 Teo. tarie. nt, LevULca4
.
15: 19-30, aJade am . to touch A1in.
% womzn. The Xonan, o.t° the
fiZ04tP- Z4 4a 4: "They. a 4k- thee concetnLn. g rxomen.'- ccut. e-o, 4au:
paitut ".
,rhea age. a/ u2t and a .on.
9n nv wi pl ace4 and in au=, t beea forced
nc4 Ring. women, have
.
to ,(,Lve spat. SrJeC- a-L raten u huts a. '-t i l. L comnon in
,L -te
the Ld today., t-W in mot
4ome paAt4 o,, cson. . anoag. ems, -ta ,LL,
hpt ca, Cetaza and l2ovthenn .Jnd,2 ion exan.p.Le.

1.o
 1Zu.
4t4z an A biq zwrorien awe .ßo4 tddeen under r a2rº, oý- de-r: h
to touch a Vthi qnn, u4e.
Let the c teatLon rzy th o.t at aone Rua Ltan
-Le-a4.
t, tio&e4 decCa is Vha.,t in the lreq, i ruý.inr men "4to. Le" tJlt4 4p LaL
mzn4 aa. L maq.- c warnen 11044P-44. The p Bu no
di. o-Laaýt
6e-tte lhe, Lm ( 1952) no. te4 that the t to t uan XuLapZp.£ t tike
, tqu4
ham a rupth that to U4 how ort icl irur t 4i. men "had no-tf ; no
4ac. ted abjectý,,, no -acted a.e tenons ; the women had euvujth iru. ".
Among the Dagan i, Ge in &-t R?Wca, R. R. Ra44 ( 1972 )

w'nZte4 that "tlie- aen,;5-t4ua. L tzboo 14 Asa 4thong that a woman

-in -ht4 con coon h'z-LnqA mt4f-oatune to euerujhcnq. she -toucke-4%

Yet thene t4 ado a üoqan myth that exp La-(no how men cane- to
be na te,.
.
Thy acco ding
m4th, to Shuttle and Redcy&oue
( 1978 ), decta- e4 that: "R c.ehta, Ln woman hound the 1,aae
E. W IIlo.
theh, it th the d
4k , vt of- the a, . and wa ' ai. ned w 4aCAe.

merwtA w. .L G-Load oý- that godde o4. The human woman worse the

.ok. &t and a 74.eat queen with gurte aue-t men. Eve l. &La)-j L,
-&ecame
he a-&. 4.tode the 4k vrt and e ata&it4hed dom ULLon'º.
The pne4en t dacl. 4u4t to li an and 17ogaa n j. Jv echo the
. ra4"-- there s Cl. - ruuuj. othe t VOA-4 m.41th 4,401Pz 4the tchdn¢ back
into the nece44e4 a.t firne. Pn,ýve nxvL dour as m .4teA4 and
rcaq ic the pawed witch women have to gen enc. ie .L.e. aqa in and
acta to . 9n hi4 canner ti, an, Lt en ih ten i.n¢ to examine
. -L
the ao.. t d wrest exanp le alt craman envq. and one which 14 aa'ut

4 a&. Uns becau4e it Uuw count, t -ta eves a44u.:nfat Lon artrau t
the netat ve. meaning oý- rnea4t&uatLon.
Sub-. tn.cio4ton A tual4 have been docune ted a4 pa4t oý the
Ce emon t a.L .Li /e of- . ome tAJ e4 in flew guinea and hu4t .&a,
( Be tte4JLe. Lrc, 1952; 9'ae 1955 ). T i- - n.q the. 4e
u,.eman, -Ue4
4u e14 t4 peA....onmed on the pen Z4. fl eM pt orun 4U, -thCi4ZOn
h, Uua)-4 in ot en to make the peni4 the e¢uLva ten t oý the
Anate gei-U. al i. Pxi.
M iop.,, l
o. oq 4.4 have a. Loo nepoated .that

anon; the Glagea oý, fZeur lea men Ue.Ueue that rxA4tUwALoa
La ac Le.an4- ng p core 4 and, wish th. en4e Lue o to be clean,
.
. herd, pe',2od. icaL4 tnc i4e the pen to and .
aUaw .oorte r-Load to
.
/. {,ow, an, ope t-Lon. offen ccWAd 'n,,='4 mRiztAvz t Lon'
.
( R4hte4-Man taqu, 1937 ).
But what doe- men-.tiu di4t& O4 in out are have to do
-mL ..
tý. Idea 4 about woven and . thews 4t.. a /wwe u
uri th uni c e.n tc -ge
to tu vLOn O't put cuu" On [-IRA?
to 4OW wine ah 4 -th. cJea p4 , -t .

g £iutacen t fact
Ot, ham to the 4ee
da with ed and
that todW 4.t U AZI1e. to heLa. /A2 od.4 a- the
many. women..
11
itcu&4ell.
 7'nowd edge L4 n 4t.. t&aj-L4 At ted todacy -Ui an
, . exc, /-u4 i.ve. 4
oaL ttad U orn. Yet wi. #.i, C Hour, pea p,Le have oa4 uncle Az to od
.thi4 exoeiz Le ice
- t.,,=c tLon w-Wi. a /aecwLa iaC G.Lend o.
.
wt4dor, L and 4no'cmce handed dawn th wu. h the qzne
t ono
.
&V. iadL ct .inpuc, aUoa4. Th t4 tread U an vr w
. . . c.Uv. ci.zwAded
)Jt .: a ha o deed that
a 40 -Ui p &44r c 4peech ,
the veh ext4 ence
,

a ,the taboo .ice den Le-d.

The netat. Lor. /Ua be. tiie. en the the body. hLe
mind and . rte
at its 1L04-t mc,1,4teh&iwi. The wte2ua L4 na. t an a. can Uke the
. .
t tu" o,,. .the iytadden. 9.i t4 /ýeJ tuned into the exwtiorw
ex[) 4, &4 buA ed and de-Ucate rL 44CL .e4 a.- the p4Vche. lrn.
.
the pa4. t .Lt w uat4j anthAogo lbnake
wa4 ogt4t4 who Jt/u. d chain
o4 canon. t. Lon ; wni. one woo an. to ano. he4t a.- be-, Le4ii
_ca
4U4-tauruLia G =n4tA xit4an.
The m.o t exhaw 4uhvey. i4 to )Je Pund Uue in Ro.&efrt
B,t i,jýý'4 'The 1:Za. the-u' ( 1927 )" The undvtty. LnyL 'ee a

wr Ouch 4 i3, -thowjlL no.t in B2t, ha4 04en &e-ea

-Ui -4av, ,
one 4 4e4-corL7lta tw at4. On.: high c
-UuAX-4 d, Lke ow. oura have
no need . on m,. en4. t, - aL hwt s in which .to confine the rn.ag. c or
e. nLen4t44 Ung Uroman.. Le t4 an th topoLaq i4 came to
exanune wi .they, urouid p Lobabt o&4ertve that OLL& et. V ham

IGu u ed nLen t zu.,zttoa i7e4oad the each of- ua(e. ))o,%iA

.
CeA4,&q daa ý. i deac t.
. -tfie au iho t to e uhcrta Wa=n .
arLd d..Ld dwr. Is4 an onU, nrAV. peAod, -üL het nave. The golden,
#t2atelr0ak. a- ixte ao 1962. The advert L4emrerL- PA 4WLWe ý
p-to tec ton 4.t i, .Le npha s.v4 e ,the &. ryas dw t' 4 W-P-C ttUerM44 &t ntakth.,
.
man ocean di4apßeat. 9n teAna, L .. (Lnp.an Man4, ac wie 4t4.4
th-c ulte r tea&eA heLO. L- need hA know ahe - aen4 t-tLLat Lii
. .
Twt1 Le-L P L-URh S n, UA, ( 1975 ) d- 4 c-o veLed tiLi
and , "t

veJut. t t&4 itat

marin wo n cjoutd e .the-vt
chooýöe.. to e),. bw

me lAea ion 401ne initetva .

irL tfie A ttt7e-4 be. areen, aeiia&che
, and
meno/sau-ie, 80% o./3 theme 4a, npde w,vrhed to do 40.
, .
Jn ¢ene
,
t11A4 acecy,
je o4 that a womaa'4 .Uke-UAood aý
e. i, ldn j i: on 4w-pw vit4 a 4e4oiutton o. 4 tftro CLeneA, aLJJ' a, ' Oa04-Ui

carvs"ideiu i.oa &a a't6ing the me"-týuaa. L cc Le,: U4- np. a4taTce
a4 a 40w. ce alt / --dam veiums the u ULL N to the
.e
woran o.- na t hau-th.; pit.
ll4t14 the !11004 ile.n., ` a Di4-t. A"4 Qu..
e tLoniia iAP-, 12i,U. ah

Sa, t/L hz,po he44ed ror,

Len tr Wt conceM4c an p wbdzm o
and -trLa,t1;
to keep tfLein &L cy-cLe betau oe
duo th4. n e"tAuc on want rLerLatu:
.
th4 th. Lve4 &p-Uona. L4C4
dem an unde)L4 and off. em4e. and
,a p-tou-

12
 hei& behau-Lo chi. BUi tt4 e-Cn4 ,ýýiadra.G1e . hat
-t ramm r., r i th
)jehaLrtouA change4, pcemen4tzxLa . G1. and aen4t v-w, l ftj, {avows
ed. im n. a t oa a.A the nen. 4t a4. c.VcLe )Gecaw. e o1P .the vet
/pct caL ef-,?ec tid it ha4 an ,-Zn 4chaa-L, arank. and 40c-LaL

ac t Lu Uez. Pbv.,. rwamca ! ion tJLIA a turfy. cta. irzed their pe.4Lod
to be a nu-ance, ne o.aV and eabC- "4. iAg.
The ch i..e eut. ji-iaduced &V th, oA the un i.vetza. L
. -ann
nnen4 I .taboo ha4 not been belt da exte na L cto.Uwt i.an.
,
x°_02 .rtes uLce, the 40W &W a.- wine, t2 4x-cotded by P4,Uu;.
The 4e aLt naiv sahnt dactau cast z&e vj4t . en4 om
,,-t
and/a,?, rrx-a4t'uLa, L d 4-t- 4, and tahat Pl t bi. mans; ;vor. n

anx i.e-tc1. and t 1u't the body.

as 4/lt p and L-U2en pain, na. oý-
but, of- the mtnd.
The teu ew of- the t tenatAt to to be pte.. ented
4u.9.rleJ
that. the rLen4 uu-L c.S, cc.Ce 4-4 an -iaaoAtan t a'tea a4 4t-CL y. f-alt
.
p4ycha. Lag24i4 d.
and rne. ca, L r4ann. L ad i, kz. The ta4 aIE the

ect. t2.
3 of nie i.4t umz an one O gAeZ t 4,! glLt UCanc. e, a4 it
deale tjZ& the chan. g occuAz Lrz 13 y.e 4, duAij4 an
ave&ac e o- 30 y.eaft o &L the LL of- eves woman. On the m in. -
un ba4t4 o3 day4 ion, each pzJr i od, .the.., e phV4Zo)-oczLca, L
-Lnz.
change4 take ; Lace duo, Lg, a .ta. ta-L of 39 day, a1? each y.ecu
fan aip-toxbiate. 4. hale of the iLp- .span oý the ave e Worizan,
n
-i, ac tua, L pc ti, ce It nay. be a tot note. Rctuat4, note tharL
3 y.e2, Z4 ajý the a04 t ac, Uve po. vt i,on aý, a wan an' 4 i4
.e
-i.nvo. Cved in the de. 4t&u. c t ive phase a? the nen it L
ULa, cy. cLe.
.
Secon LUz., the mend tua t inyc woman expp, ýence4 a nanth, L4
ho, tmona4, b,L de tennt. {ned p44, Lojao a. L, nhijAh and narui uramzn have

pa4aLLe-L Uuctua th mood. Pnzlze"tAuad thcheale4 th

-Lana
de, ry , 4. an, vtýt i tcLGi. l i cý and. ¢nxte-tc. have been, w de L.
,ceAo2ted-., Ui nan iaL women. Frith e6tZ7uztc4 a;, .incidence nancwu
Pi. am 30 to 95% dep. de4in Uon (/Zäun
erAing. on .the used . et aL,
1941; . reentand Da)-ton, 1953; Paa on, 1956; Ttuhaaa, 1956;

Pe ui,ULl ton, 1957 ).

T h.Uid
thehe i4 Dorne ev cadence Lch,
wh.. 4 u" cot 4 that .the
, . .
t-W. a,L and mend aL a ynu tom4 nay. be
o cccvrhence of- p nerv4.
eta ted to peA4 on.,ý b z4 .such ai
vaIMLO geaeAt m.a d taent
.
t Lon t týtr t. l cý,
t%t and to o thet va a); eoa., f M+. cho, Caq i ca-C
an erno. nos
i terse-4 ( Ro. 1949; Peer, 1953; Co a/i n and Xe,oae. L, 1963;
oe,
Levitt and Cu)rtn.,1967; ßay., 1975; C.
La e, 1977; Zola et at, 1979).

13
 The 2ev w, to ire pe en ted nake.. i ev-i. den t the need 4i t
40rae 4-t4ndatdt, 5aaon -Za nt aL c4c. Ce ne-4eahch. The data
a4-e incon4i4e it and unc..LeaA drL nvuuj. cuea4. The vaA La t i.an
i,a the Hind ingoaý .the ua Lou4 .invea t i.c ati arty 4 uq,,.e4 that
.
40rle At, ancl i a-. Lan, ' 01 i,n. 4 wu ?
R-rt 4 weed 4n the a w
4e... en t
. .
o.ý menz-tJrcLa.L c r-te 4ttnptoma o Copct i4 adu L4ub e.

14
 CthV'TE? 7

P,cemen ca.L T e. oa

It ha4 tont; been necogaii4ed that cc 4i izL- can t auabat

of- wonten, dun inri the nep oduc t vc
ad a; ° .#hein
.
Li_ve s
.e
caa, sta, t t a.A a cr4de va t eq. a? di4. theo4. tnW. ar arn-i duA rzc
.t
the p&erw n. wn.. The te-un 'p w wt& La 1, en4. i an' co rL. d
e,. bV
-tu .
TC( 1931 ) ha4 UL pct Lce been. u. ed to deice je. a
.
ua4*ULq ca-LLec Uon a.ý .ouch 4Wr tanr4 brat Uting n.ehvau- ten.. -i an,
'- tabi. U
t, anx. etc, d eli ems.Lon, headache,
-tae-44,
p an j and 4VeVLn. q.. Qthe 4Vntptam accult
-ltatt. . jt4eguen04
and a 4,et t Lue ac.en.t conptehen.. Lue never 04 th
t'`'t (1no04 and Le,i.der,? 1977 )
2afl, an .h i4 4u,(j-ec t
.L en t p..
s, i ed oven 150 4V., atamv Lvhi ch, tt ha4 .been claimed,
ahe Ziri k ed e,r i th the p to Rn4t uu,ýL pha4e of- th e men. uw, L cy cLe.
Tf ze d4 nerruv 1aZte vaAta t ian. tn the teaa z ted
pteua ce
a? Pt eurena dt4o tden4. Ja, one 4tuX4 ( Penn UL17 tan., 1957 )
,L
95% aý- a gAoup, o.A A.me acan wanzen veýre judcl. ed to exße' ence
'ptena&ui .ten i-ion' 4wf c .nt to cause '. oac r a,L. d.i4ha urww
and econam i.c d.{4, t p ts, an' , the tp- r4 a 81,,!tt4h 4.tu4 )a4ed on a
A04 tat qt e4, t. Lanna i:4e, .2ep t ed pheze 4t tua, C tJr4,UatrV U4
.
-Lit 25% 04 a-inqý,Le warren anad -Lit over 40% al, nüv4-Led women.
( Coppers,
and X 4eL, 1963 The que4 toana-Lce otud* a?°
Suthe'r. Land and St-watt ( 1965) a.- 150 4tuden t- and nute..
te,, o i ted ,thc 33% exAe4, Lmced ". the ch Aac eAZ tLc w"tA ut
.
-te 4 Lon 4.tate", h t. whLc t theij meant acwt. e de
; a-t on anad
Vr. ita. U. 4,UL, Le th urtcari, ýottaue, &ioatedne.
rllL"tC-CZL . zAgq
Lad 44.
HOUMU", a ?u 11ec 5e% ad .tted to 40uze OAAVleJl4tA. 2
4qX,p tomato o. kw -the autho, 24 We.,e na t 4a ti 4jUed tha.. th is

9AOIL)1 4hou. Ld .&e c-La4 ed a4 hav-ing e Wte. 4 'ryaer tuaj- .te"ton. '

O2 4UIEJ ie q- Iýaan -the'p4, W2err.4tAU r-L 41J17-caaze' w th .she

inp. l icatL. an tJw a patho ogtcaL a utdn. arre exi4t4.
.
1rn. 4p l to a??, at dreca.uue o? the Lack off. ayreer nt
- .
conce4n ing the pAzc 4e de ti on o. ptenza4, t, tu&. tenoldrL-
-U -
and the van :,Liaon -in -i t- pc.eva &Lce, a j..Lde ua t Le tct o..
uu,,
w_nts we to deuLe. d to riea au to arc ca, LcwLate t4 tapczct.
., .i
The qu."ttoanxt &V.Cop.,ie i and Xeoap 1, ( 1963 )
ine deu-ed
i. Um and a4 ? ate a4 can e a4cen to ih ed, era. no t
era a ue t&j per m .;
4.tand A4U,,ed
7. an ua L*Ldated.
.
15
 The Ife zzt. UCa,L SVnt2tom 4ie4ttonjUv to ra conw. tucted
Che snerj and Tao.to ( 1975) a4 ap choaet tc to
-tea.
dtM-eun ate l weeen 4p04nod, fc and conegisttve dVAmenohAhea
..
a4 chcvu c teA 4ed I; i. t
DDa ton ( 1969 ).
The. 7erzsn&e 9rutenv4tQ wAt t.onruUAe way deuetoped &y,
f,U, ( 1975 a4 a 7wa4w4,e oý femaletote oUeat t Lon.
,e.t,
The Ii en s ua a Que4ttonnat&e. waa devedo, oed hy.
!itW Sn, th ( 1975) AP.ec ifr ca. L.4t .-ah a 4th4 on the
eh and
aüi tucde .toclra d4 i ens uua t Lon and the w i. ý.lýin cxneý toe nth to
.
he nen4e. 4 f o4 a per iod oý Wie.
The DaLLy. SV p. om Rctthq, Scat p- (TaVCon, 1979) ua- weed
then with plums is Loýý.
ica L &a4ed to a j4e44 the
-toge . -techatgae4
U.iý o.t rnenýstuuý. ti. on-4 . Latea 4yJnptorn4.
The 1'one¢o-i4 4 ec to the wide and un! iou o a4pec t4 Olt the

ae i4tAaa L cy. c Le ; hat cvae lre i. aad have been 6tudted, the
e ,ta-Logc. of- nenw iua. L d ii. #te44, howeue, t, h uwi4 ob4cUZe.
', na h¢h. g. Ua o.ý 4 hay been conce-tned width the
kp-.La tLoa4h-L, a he-t ieen pet one 4. U4. va td! aL- Ce4 and cLen4tcua-L anale
ua Lcr,Uea . 9n genera. (., the data on the4e &zi t Lca4h Lp4
.
have Jreea incon4t4-tent. 44, in. ¢ in to tuten data (Ree4,1953)
. .
4ound no &cLattoa4hip between p&e,, vi4 wr-L 4ynptoma o-Low
.
and p.e-onaitty. on eno i. onaL a ZLLttc Z-1. toonem who had not
4ought p Vc&lxrtLc he4 (no4mat4). On h, L4 to. ta-L g.toua o/-
nonma, (4 and pyc z-& to rcpa tZex have-u", he. 1ocuad a po4ZUve
,
c04-te L ,t cn be veer a4L Ln9. of- nztucot tc co"t Uut i-on draaed
on ap Chta &r teJwtew and 4eveAt ty. a4 / aa4 thu2C 4yip2or, 4.
.c
anon a.tudy. o., p4y. ch, ia Len-f- Suate (1953)
-In .p -rrurrioý
cou. Ld Itad no pa-tw ap UOna, tt4t tc pz. con 4i4te It Lay
.
a 4oc J, ted LI-Wi. the pA.erneact tuaL 4ynptom4, hwt on the Ga4-L4 o-A
.
.fn te ew data he conc, Cuded that ernattona, L ma tu'z i ty. and p.-- o f-
.u
eaotLoaaL sutk.e-up, id to oý 44n i.,Ucnnce. Ton it4 a4on,
the PD44. itLe &eta-t Lon4l lie reen the (XW-aen4tuux, L 4ynd one
,a
and apt on.a-L-Ly, de. Ained Avw of- pion. a t4 traA ants no4e
p e.c ize exp. Lo&ati. on -than. -tt ha4 h thx-tto tece Wed.
One o4 the ea&tt"-- 4" ß%y.
Co ipen and Xe e,/-, (1963)
that the 4y dAoae occutd />node
equen t, Lj. in newto. tLc
. eRofited .
than th nonrwýL 4W&Lec t4, and that thece )a4 a cow e,, UL- Oa tureen
. .
in to 444 oý p mae" ucc+.L dZ4coc4oM. and di44. o and aewtaac
. .
iti fýourevýc, some jeve e.L aewto4 c cvonm did not
Rný-ýPpý on. . .
con, ýLcwý o. raý uuýL 4Va,,ýto, 4
erzP. at a-U..

16
7hhe lx4 u4 t4 a,? W atacn. t aha LMA.carted tAa t th4Ae
. Lxa4 not. a
4 LJLp.Le &e LaLan oh.La be seen neu- awttc.U n and pArj.7.en.4t aaL
.dVr p. omo- ne.w .a. c wane.m who t ap2aved p hoio Lý with
lh y cha =p , d-Ld not nec". 6a 'z2L&. Jtn.vcove -ta thx, Et rym=n4t as .
4.ta. te. Coppen and X4e. L,,. n.. hefte 4 U&el oý 500 4aadom4.
4=p, te4 warm., a44e4. ied 24anaLi tij bc,C meaner o.ý the Ey.4encL
Pe ona,LU.. Onven to&iy and &P-panted a po4ZUve cow Lcz oa
between p mei tu vL n-dtoa and acu zattc-14m 4ca 7h
.
4 udri, trh.Ue armen gciated -ta 4u pant olt an a440C LlUan h(?,Ween
Rnemen,o 1La. L . en4 t.an and ppy cha-Loqtcat in a ta. Li tý, rva4 ac.ý'tuaU y.
1rý.
.
"st udVZW 'newts t:.
c ' defined h i. E. en ck as a WzAaL
. .,,
'e t.aUana t tty, ' (anxtet depwA4tan, ten4toa and
-La ,, ,
and as -it d4 not en .Uie4i.. ou tp U. 4 ing that a po4ttzve cO&Aet4#.toa
between the pwaenAt4v ueo aann,
at e wU4 and ocaAe,a an
.Lq .
the Cy oenck Pei oana.L ,t. 9nven to area .found.
TU 4 dtv tanzt ian between t&a 4 and .ýp tar.ýo &ra4 undeA-
Lt ed -in. the "s. udy, &J, ýo.bth, (1976) a.- 50 aa-v zed uronen .&
tahon magn.U11de o4 aaxLetc and deytw. oitoa tn he pneraen4 -W.wn
way a 4e44ed)anal the ne atGan4h)2 &etweem pARxej4 amL ntaod
chan4e4 and ,tizatt anx z4 exp. Laned. Pnem.en.4 uca-L .pate an.x. zt j.
and dP-PA tCrL 4co-o wie 4L gX fi can 4 M,, rhe, than. . ha., e
d mid-cy. c.Ce, but we to nuLch Lauen than tha4e of- ßa tten 14
oij a to e.. .
WWL p4V-chi atr tc d iaonde vr. lZa a' co. Let-Lon a-
'aund
,, between tAoU anxLe. t, t ¢nd nnemen otuc2 anxtet and
dep t"44on. The awthon can. teed that the h.VP-othe4t4 .t/iz t
f L
a.. aaad chunje4 ate a Aunct oa o- peA0n7-L ad . tnen t
n4 to be e4 tOJ7.L .4hed. 7hcw dt p vu o.Nr t oý- a tahc-eßt
,
fvwb. Ler,
ýt a.- tohetheh chan, Wea to overt Gehav. LOWt and tn. rten
.
expeJJence-i d vat4 the aen4 L ccc e a-ce to die ex, -d 4z,tned
4a. Le4 bt, the pz, ý todtc ch.ange4 Zn the endoc- the plcoczo se,o
(! lambwL¢, 1966; Sp. a% and Uande &Le td, 1971; .Gi ttLe. and Z.,
ahn o
1974; Patkat et at, 1974; Be U, 1976; 1)e zUh, L, 1976) aý- whetlWA
the wraman'4 exPei i.Znce oý, .ouch chartpA &e?-tec t. i e.Uhen ceAtzl .
di, a,raa"uUc4 a- heA p anz2U., C (Scuvice,
-,-(iZwtL", 1953;
Copper and 7,--44eL, 1963; ße-v, and lZr--Ov ie, 1972; ,Beie-. n., 1975;
go t te4c w, Lk e,± a.C, 1962; 9ueV. and Ba&dw ck, 1968; Sm.Lth, 1976;
and Swvw et at 1975), an the a. -Lade. oý, ow 40c Z.
awa d4
.the nLvj4t t=ttaa warum, ai heinc. Znpa- fed an even 4.Cck (&u4&,
1938; g, 7943; SewoAd, 1946; Ra-je, 1949; fiktac4t, 1961).

17'
 One neaaon, In a&d Won4 to the thpe
e. ctLan, o trL the
ae-thod4 of 4 tud pth the p o-uea Wfu. cy;cl Lc )a4 cha. Lo c,j. G
. .
chary .e4 have green e4wWoca2., da jltoba; t t the act that o. then
.f
1. ac tale LL-Lch ca na-t &e
. 4 caraAottsd -ta waam
-Living a no L
nza. L14 ate apt to .baring a.baut the. 4aae. Ujid o,P
4U ht clan e4 -Li p e- o znance at o h" tZ.,. Rrw h hza- an
.
r,zacjbe that, a4 Tteund (1,930) ha4 4havn -Ln hegt öt. d' of, the
. .
teve. C of- p.ýýy°.. c zwAc-e dw2ita the nerutA m, en xd, the wo=nn
.
a& p- to aveacoae the. 4,U ht ae wtAva L hand t caa 2r Uu:. ea oed
,
e4a,, t 4 she wo tk &u to a de1'2n Zte goaW,. On..the o.thzA
hand, p4Vchotoq-L and p4tc)LL2tJLlýt4 C eae. - atbU
, ar e that,
the e.not ona.L a-talxiLU oý- the, tim-um maV ,be a ,Pected to . omz
ex.+tent Oho t. Ly. &ef-one and du,%ng .the me,. notuiaC p Atod. -14
L not cLeaA to ghat extent throe pe4tod, Lc ano t oaad-
,
d 4tu, . L7ance4 Nce a.%ec ted d2,tec tLy lit 1w The ýaci,
wrteo.
hamrev", that c. jc. ho na, z r..L, chanureo afce not irwaA. -ta L
.
a 4oc Lated w-Uh 44LijUcwvt 4VPZpto,m,cto. Laqt,ý LL", 7q oto th
. zt,
I. . ,
wtd. i o.- trha the. p uc _nt ca" e- alt .the4e er otLoaat
d i4. twr &ance4 t4, Vm de IA e to wh t.ch. th ec1.rlan. i fzo. t. th erz4atue4
and tn-f tueace o-th e. a4 pcc ti of- he& hehavtowt nza he iacUcaýe
a,- the. 0108=14 peuan. a2. t. t.
Gh ei ea ch 12i k in q aznz
.e )u ua 2hmo nena and p4 Vcha -
4oc i at va lric4 have hocaa that the th edia to fvice and pa4t-
.
nt zaa, L w- . Lod4 ate auZt to a q, %.
ecAe4 endermij. to com"', t
.
vtaten tc (Clam
at aL, 1953; Dalian., 1961; Wye ta, 1962),
.e
Goo to mim 4wtctde on .than, , alrawt it OarUi zan et a.L, 7959;
,
Tonk4 at at, 7968; G'IaidGe, kv Le, 1967; Oe ýeZ at at 1971;
and 1,, ,
1'a&va.t t et at, 1972). ; aco. i and Ch.a42e4 (1970) coAAaboAa to
))a.iton'4 zepcAttlLgr that at 200 wartM 4eelt4W7.
--buUj ,ro,
p4 ch, Lc.&che. ,
1the. tLmez ol- nax-r:,;wt contact occu vw-d duh t tu.
the ^Lzn.o-thuat ph e;od, p4erw i4t u at pha4e, and rwd-ccccLe.
/&zndce and 1lland.Le (1967) and Je
/. t, (1971)
-,et et a-G acted aa
tnz, tea4ed - Ax Vence o.- c J-t4 to a Swdc ide PneuerztLon CentJie
at the4e t uze a. I ocaeveij BZtchae. U, and 7ioVd (1974),
yin.
con is .t .to p' euLau4 4tUdteA, carp ed
the a.Gbenved d 4t l& Gut-Lon
o .outctde ai to ap t. ö LU
-Wi. a expected cf i4 Lou .i.an
dich took tnto accawvt u ani, alri lr tr,4 of- c4cLe .(P.n9th4. Ther¢
.found na q. i IZ? -! Ivt d i,f ence4
e between o roe ived and expected

nub.
Glarner aste nahe LLke. Lcj.to &Ata;. thet& i. d to "aee the
. ch .n

78
dacta-t ())a,Lton, 1966) und aa loo rwne itketV to tie a&r i ed
,.
-: he fza.o;...Ua. L wWt r"XJItc.L at JJu; 4 ttrZe (Da ttan, 1959).
-to -W-rL
/'n .incur a4e in m cle curacvu anonc 4chaa... r{,Ur loo e4W c tcG. 4
. . ,
&er,c 'r.d- n° piuw taa. ti4 and ýoýu e tr.Cne.ý"s, ha4 ca4c Gern noel
.
dw tnr rz UxrL, (Dat tan, 1969). 2Jal ton 'eo Zed that
-"t-V-
hat;, " or the dnu -4 oj? (z croMzM'4 r. 1 an caru7tt ted ' ih C inP-4
.
d vUnr. ne., n4t tton an du tt&- .the .& vac ixte phase,
.no
(1961).
Izh Le tte .gee' na daut that n-aod 4w occ-w w'i fh
n04t nar L arose,., the- ahnt dt&e ever t4 de.4C bed 4eer, L o
.i
accw ? 02 the i, a4t PCAt to wo'ten urha gene ,nhatra. ULý; w 4tCj)rte.
to 44a, rt w th. 9.t 4 ce tcun taue t/ t the awt},, o aP
iwzn ,ýo, °_ heC ULd4, Lc pa pe U di4cu. 44in; p t' aL -rWtan
have 4.tucU ed e LeA neu- ic paA ezvt4 bt ho4 pi to l4 O. Waren
chaaen heccw e th-e4 We-AZ 4U.0Pe--Iý za1Z waren otueaL ten4tan,
(e yr inrý 1951; gAeene and is Uon, 1953; Tayion, 1979).
eye,
LJhaj a4 the pzt°ahrcance a;- na taat Granen -t twit ev
? Lö thezp- that this t4 °ec-ted c.Vc.U. U
ca.. ?
cva-tP- , ai evidence a
0/ LLch 4tUd L" tlý have been done an won n, wApArwu P.aZtL
. : ,
4, iZ
Lr%p. ta ko Ouch a4 deco ion t. trte e 4t4 (Pie-oft und £a ckh. a vt,
. . ..
1963) an r.,;, Q,tit, and CM-td ptuz.ch tnr (Redghove, 1971), an L
, 5-10
2-iný. o..,
@ected fry. the ct, cLe (du
z clWA
a?, ,. air nce aa4 cr,
and 18-22). 1JVA tega d to zoie can l.ýx znteC, Lectua. L funcý"., t.anmay,
,
11-ickhaa, (1958) ia&ge bcv` eýu, ý oý do e,d,
U4tence
mfý adruLt4 e&irw, a ,
and t4, Vi. clzange4 tiz the -xvs va. L
raý^urnce .. e_ awui 4tgj,, car:
the the 'cit t ? f? (th !
ph "e ai ct; r-L.e, an) uWt ulc on .,
.iaua, Lved the coarycelien4t an o/ veA4 camp di carted t"t/ e.
rcti. an a).
Sanw,zeJt (1972) a&,uawtene. d the Wa, #aon-g en CýUJýL ? hinlos
Apps at4at 7ä4k and found no cVxUca. L Glum- ea at aU.
(1974) Pund that women in the /vrelnenýs#ýuia. L pha'e 4 th. et t
.
yr c& ure.te none d4k to ev-i dente the rw Lve to dvot d
e"cc;
. .
4ucce44 on a. p &a ti,
ec ve a o4e 4,7= t tel. uorzen in the. intxc-
.
nren4 uca, L pha4e. 12o cLea t pattern erred fan waren who wie
the t tmp- P orten t. Haan (1975) deý, mon,otaaed
menu tLat rng- at o,, a4zea
Lcan t 4ex d.i.L; etnce o to do i.u-i t pzh. °a'w ante. 1Jh. i. LAt
4igj _°.
lLa_J_e4who drove too ctLcL 40 OWL con f deuce,
ýa4t na. Le od .aue.
i den t. Dat ton, (7968) aJ noted the
4t, otjbj and LJ!4e not, coný,
i, of, fl of 4 -Lori
UL&. on, excvaj Uom wAu t 4.
, n4iuence
fi,4 h ao to &7o2- -t4 c.l , rteceoia to trattda to the
t :4ttc a-L 4-trjrLr.ý.
ý-cance ý
a. 4 uch a b4 er, Vattcn4 tip 44
.dtC, .Th

19
 pad L cu. La-L L .irr w &t.an t now that utt h UL the p4,
; e4 en t. ocz. L
;, ia=wo. tk. ararzen,ahe cl Legg bW .the. pAtac. i peo. - nate
dc Lnxz, rL o.- tZAge 4cal ep4 c4 Bete Lii t iort, a,° c2- cu 1.
.
dec f toa mdk ü -
and o., p.o ren coat tot `th r eaetaL. Tw then,
ä Yý= aAr- en teAixig ryta. ýe-4440 4 tt. L than, ht be LVljML+--
wjoam -OAne ýta
able and tn. appopn. &te to '4 tzapecarzent.
a uran2crz, Roca that

manch rndXvidut4 w2..U be tooktnq at the -Uo-Log. Lcat and

teAi4t-LC Itt an eVe to pofen t_i -L
p4 tchoLog ccLL Cha.,=c oý cwonLen
in, near a ea o/ endeavauh, .it .oeer'i- nece44CV4 to
o4nance
Li t to the concl. uz. Lon
p-c-t t out that othe, ue, it-i. q onw pot
t/ thete i4 no ner. 4on to .Ged,izve tACL-t tdOMRr.'4 AwtdarnentaL
,
i
ph,V4, o-Lcq ca L Ah q Um a ec t con 4 dena lr4 on con otall t t.
the cu- ttt an quan tit! t o.- hen wont., de4p i to 4orrýz evtBence to
the con, u,t, rWL4t. at Lon ha4, a4 a nute no no. ce. t i &'-Le e gec-t
iaq. i tc L hea tth4 (Laugh, 1937;
an uroral, capac . wnanq na)tna. Uromen,
S oinin 973 ; Pa Zee, 1974). O co ui e, .th eA e a'te indiv-. du a-L
,7
dL nce4 anoaq Warnen., 4orze o/ whom m.w r. Lnd an pp4
a. c icLUe
Lowe4Ang. oý e P.i c encci du ttagý theÄ4. mefl4 icca-L pzAtod4. Thee
,,,
d. i. ience4 4hou2d not, houeveh, &egatded a4 aocrza. L and
-&e
taev-i table-, drat na ther, a4 ca tttl ion 4pec_i, a,L carL4 ducat Lon.
The nu tu wt 4.ta to rw4t be the tone oý- aw. carncep t-Lon oý
-tand
heaWz., and to &egcvtd he cau, vse of the c4c Le as a
concL.U. on to be can&ec ted and a ttehed bt, ned i..ca, L .in te-uue-"- an
p-Lace4 ißt on a pa4 with a aozruLl U4- Da1Uan dae. 4 in fact c tt

ncen,4tuu&t-Lon 'c ttuA dt4e4e' (1978), bwi the duncta, ýentu. L

ct . .
l LC-LpLe -
o. eq alUi. the be. de fended 4 the
Olt 4exe4 cannot
ho mon t . ax tn. the e. =, Le- 4 con' ZV-ti. luicc-t4-
.. . .! -iiened
abeaJt[ ll't.

219
 1: 1 1hac Oat / lio&, wno-L S ud i_ea
.

The 4ttu eo , vLou4iV cUedd ..nlLc. ate that the fxxwLe,

lie, ahe newest c, p4Vcho)2ct an 4o ca-LCed 'noAma-L', detrae4
un.
.
n ýýý hrr ic rzaad hon, ^zarw,L-rte t¢. &a.Uc chang" Z,n .the cause aý- aruc
g.. uen mer twat cyc. &. The mvi4tAaat c.tc. Le and p ecrr azcý ane.
Lath cha&ac e tied &r dvcwz-t- c chance the oý- 4eve- aL
-in
hoi noae o. ln. thenahm La vu, Laf Quin. mzrvs uu?2 cr,.c Le Jie e a4e
wo peak4 oý- aeot ogen 4ecre t on (B own and ftkr thelir, 1962);
an avu.La tt an peak,
, r,
n` icA accts rw-a&, the end a. the 40tt i cu2iv .
pha4e and a tateaL peak whLch occcvro in the 1n dcdLe or- the.
Lwtea. L phase. /' ocie-.tenon L4 4ecZe ted drV.the J wteur,L dreginn ink
. .
i.rz the mid-cyc. Le and &eache4 a peak 4-7 day op Lo
PPt to nLerwt&Jat i on
.
a,. ten which it PL c. Ue frao i d. Gý.
op- c1. Hoareven, the

cu n
e. d 1. exi. t ink ph.V- o Lag2ca. L and p 4Vcho Loq ca. L exp2ana- -Loral
owed cannot, accaun-t com.pLe teiV o2 the ;, UuUn. r- p e4en-ted.
.,
DwAe L4 .i,ncheaodng euldeace that 4ehau awt LL 4. tate4 and 4e-xw L
.
4 an4e. can .Ue ca&, teLated cvwith devet4 a. ce taro hotmone4.
On.e o.- the 4ti d" to U'z4. t zecogn L4e .h L4 WC4 dan. e by,
Benedek and P.u,&erva rn (1939. edek 4d the d-tea a-ý
15 w'amei. uhi. l4t )ulrewteth.. tndependentGj took ua blest 4MR-AA4
.
to cle to v th e the exact pha4e4 a. f the n n4 Zw7 L sacs Le..
dek ua able to p e.c Lc,t ve4y. accww torp,
e2.ýi ti4, the. dicea-w
at what 4-Cage h eh .ouG ec tos urete exIA?,4, ens i,r4 avu. LcLtt on 04
men. tJU , Uan.
Th Ae was j-uA-t
one p a.Gdem ujWL t& Z4 .Candnu &k 4 tuck. a4
alp ed trL the iie.dLcaL j to atwte thRAecL? ten. 4fhltz
the. 15 women ýtepoA,ted hcw. in. ý the r Oodt aexuat dea. Uce at
nen4- w7f- on., Benedek rra. rted ,that .they, ue,&e ac taa 12ü
.
nn04.t 4 exua-L" at the e o.- ovu La Lon iyecau,. e .th e L4 dz arv4
that . hat theiy "Lo n anod "
at .t ne 4hai, red . tae to ryoaot v, epUveºº

- the. 4up2a4ed-L t co tec t 40247W Con p'1.a44 We ýZJUA M 4e.Xua lei tV.
The nco4e ove4t "a9. gAe44tVe" kULda a.- aexaaL 4e42nq the wrane2
.
;, e. Gt neat ae 4tAuctt i.orz WeAe, acco nW to 8enedek '4tap4 a.-

a rwch.. Cowen o. det and rr. '.ch too maAc.wUne fan uramen.'.
ie. e. rhaae 4e-l, J4 ext4ted, a i,
a. one p orz. eeA in human. 4exLw.L

tud,! ", l&ve. l ask F.U24 a). 4p-a&,, had noted ago ea44 a- 1910
.o
the e't pLanee tr XLn4e4 taa again to na.te "&a.
and a4 -pw-d
1950.
1& 1960 (7 te44 and ýoha4 an, &o ieao,, ted that "mw+, ý
.
iraeh", ted in arLd de4-v. e aexuaL ac.,t uitV, du tinq
w0m -fl- aste .

21
 C'J4t, ) LLa.L pCJI. Lod4 r'.
lEýiIJL ITL But
-i
t aeern eXtAaa/uihaAuj. tha.. t

waren 4hawld expe ace a peak o. iexaa l- dv4t)te

.t when
aerLO uuLC .t cz400o Ptah x-it ir te, COUA4e. Opt th a.t 4 exu a 1, act. i.vttjj
4hou. Ld U.P-ue 4or,ze .tct.ne4 o;, nea4tAv aL dt4
-44 when 40 M014
women a .e convýiaced Cher, cvLe not a4 ,rr, ot a4 114m, irr
a4 at o tf i Lme4 .
Benedek' 4 co=. LA -ion., which can tend. 4 that, dw the
-Lng.
ae4 logen pha4e o jE the cVclz the warten. -vs ot eM. e.d towalcd
het eavt tonmen t uhtte. duet it the ohe Ls
p toge4-te-tone plume
. .
oAten ted .towaad heft &odij, ýý new oph". LoJ.09, LC4,L 4U/2120-vt
th the wank of, Xawak mL and Te, ra4a a., (1967). Thecy cor cLude
that du,,t. UL the ae itha¢en ph"c p.PJt pheJra. G a, . rat 4eo
. . -Zapf
we, e lac-i. {i at. ed and v i4 ceno -4 e z4o 4np1L e.i wehe .i nh i bZted i
wh,iýl e duAthg. pe Loch o,. pto¢e4. te. tone dom i.rwnce the 2evet4e
Irraa .tJUCe.
9n. i! oas' tudr. (1969)
4. a.- the men4t uxt W c& he ýouad
that woncen, . end to lZep.o- t Lotaet act uctUon the
at ph04e a4
the has the htgA
cj cLe which at ptog"to one .G.Cood .Levu.
The oute. t cU ec#.ed 4en4e of- dejc. W. ied
weGC-tTein¢ and adeA ne.-
1JL Benedek ivy ca nUV Gy, moas iA 4c a-C" o-ý 4etf -hated
. ,d . .H
p Lea sasune44 ac.t üra ttoa and a exca cvtouwaL aU 4110.teams e
, .L
dw the ? aLUca. Za t pha4e. 1U4 4, Uý a.- £ncJce.a4ed -ter--. on
i.n the
. p tenw-a4 .jj pz&Zo d .L can4-L tent with mart,t of h e4
att UXIot
e.4 .
9n an4 event, dae4
-it .seem.toa the ego that the
.fo
o.Ld .(), Java continue to Irrank a xa 4. t women in h4An4! WL Jam.
Tao who c2n
4CUAhoer much meng u ffJ d. 4tte44 .ice, and ta he
pat, wa=4 cheated Uri uroeen' a cud tw a.tbi conditioned 2i1.
. -ti
to 4c-ca that
. e patt oý, the it .in. cAea, ed te-4t te4an. e44 and
t4A-"', t a-lrttZt *nea. t flier 4t tua tLoa mayt.. be due to
-in citza4 ed
4exua, t .f ee Wiq. s that mad not be acknowLed fed on 4aU-4/2ed.
D7adton t the cJ f. NtoponeAt oý, the th. eo24 that the
.
ivtene rvs U41L 4Vnd ante i4 cauaed bct a ho't.none dire Lance in

cwhLch -theke .too dit. t p oge4te one in .. aJ-atLoa .to

oe.4 logen. Synp om4 d rpp 4 when p4age4 e2ane 14 a.G.oent
ý, tonv the.. &Lcod atiean - ci ten PLca4.t4mrt. Lon.
The any et o-A the p cemu .o-t . u. 4y nd.. a,ne d4 U4 u al 1. e.i t.h.e t.
at pube y, on alte aI24 o4xrC can t ta. cep t We.4 on tq ten
..
pn egaczac ., th oth. en wo. d- at at t tLne. 4 o.- ho ona,L u pme t.
Thence t4 a. &equz ta 4ence a 4yJnptOIU, LL4u0z4.4 auaoc atzd
PIAS duninq when, high t4
amoWt. 4 Ivioq". ienone
with pgc
22
a-te produced . rct the pd ace aa. Tempe-ta u v, cat. 4 con.ý
-
th. at the n i, oea 4eA ouwLa t2an ,i4 ,rzooh4 4 ua-tutn ed in pvte-
.
m fWthW t,1..ten. 4-Lon .ou taJio .than. no irw . uroam without men.©atvja, L
4V ptan . Tau-Lon, (1979) found that oý- 105 FAIT 4u; -fe-tefi-,
ha4 had a Ccwened PAO e4tetone GeveL in .the 4ecand h.a.J aA
,
the. cccLe.
The Lon4hLa be-tureen tapid4 chaagth. q hovunan.e .Leve.Li
and tac&ea4ed p tabaUt t
tµ -
a. p di. opaihot oq;. ha4 Led H=zbu tg
.
(1966) tx4, tAe44 .that thd4v4Aua, L dij fxAencea In pna¢e o.te toae
me.t Ocii4m. de oe the taue *tL aA-Lan coo one oý the A044,Ulie
.
va, ttahLe4 in d4 Parent ia. L 4U4r-epttbtZU4 at the-4e pz4. Lad4.
He. Dates that "9.t t4 an Jrr teAz4 t in4 W44 i, U.
N, but anz.
.
that ha4 not yet .Geer 4ave4ttgated, that $ deten-
mfined al rwh . a.L t.ie-4 in p. ag9-4tehane meto ba.U4r& maV AARAi4 pO4e
.to flame Auae 4tAuat d 4, J.i,cu,(,ti. P.o ". Ldu L
z. d.c e.. acea
.n -L
.ia p- O tone me a&ott4a on a ¢ene ti c Zia i might -Lead
-e
fan -in4-tance to the acctwur.La,t-Lon rn 40nLe trU7 VtCtLU4 aý a
.
me talro- to Lah04e e.%.
Ac t4 on the t4 patent.
h.ta2n. ane, pair ticu. La,%,
Jn -tl-14 connect orL worth na-t in, that the
.it -L4 ci p4acye-4-teAcne
fine-ta&ol te ha4 potent ancte.4. the t.. c pho pe tt j" (ff e. tman and
ll o4e t U. g, 1960), Gwt the e. a arm t-Loa. a- to
. . -L4 40 It" n. .
wliethe, t .t-i4 ac Am&O.LUe eve. +c accuho to the b,=oUL.

23
 CHAPTER2

Re hado-lac, Lca. L Prab. Lepa4

R con,o, an ýrzcctýt iretl, tJWJ e. Maua, fwu the pAAwi oU4

ch.c p teh eras the dzcAtIL aý- e. ute.q-w vacs 1, evidence. tjh2ch .tnzwtt-
cLG.l,4 dnwi t e4 4 pacutnt t,an aho ut de.f2ný Mw ca" e4 and tee t-
,
ae.n t4 ion rwn ura,G and rcake4 a.&v i our the need
oiz. , then. 4 &zdc . One nZaj. on JJU.
ý to ogJi.e moat be t IP-
cýL,ý.r. i cu. Lt ýý a.44 oci. 02ed wdt. e-aAzh th th i2 a zct which. Aan,; e4
?-toa ptotxLeju At p4 cho. LogA4-t o wankt in a non-m. ec ca. L
eavUoiwu r t, acq t&tnr a step e,ntative 4aap e-, the
o-ý ctec i to b,+.dQ uzt.rt Lnt cVzie, .ita¢e. o to do W.t duc1 4uýc t4,

.to the .Lnev U& -Le ARA c ence whcih, even in tht4 daV. and age,
.
4u - .cunda the I. ap.Cc b
a;, nen4; ua Lon. Redcrna ve, (1971), Pt
exa np.Le, demc WJe4 he r. do u zt aaout the &e Ua lrZW4 at data
Pion one 'vwuýp, 4e L -con4c i ouo VLW who tt wa- ; a44-!, rlrCe,
' tuc-ant to dLocCo. e the date4 ajý hen menwtiura-L
...... .U ,
pe _Lad' .
&Yo)tUr
t ýn t.ýi a;L1. fan a ot,uden t poputa . Lan, whe re. one
.
wou,Ld expect a node endbf', chtened aalvwach, 9 carne upon VUach
h.e4-i a.t Lan., en.&a VWA4Ment and even p4udetu. when tJLe- .tap tc
aý- V4 tau aUca =4 na i4ed. Dalton (1970) t &tt, " on a
'. id frike. ted a t, #.itdde to m uur t ion what tJ ut to 41. ü.Lc t od?,an' .
. .
So, %Zven auch Ae Uc Let ce, hw-te. cute a -Go- oý- pnoiJ Lem. a
.
.tech. uLt.. tg. 4w&-,jp 4. &. cccL4e oý- -th o, 4anp e-4 used 2n. rzert4 L
4. ZLd-Le, o have .been 4eLf, -4etected .song, .&L the. 4en4e that
coiwen i. mt4 acces.. t &.Le czauj24 o- uroam haue. Geer u4ed, and cuha
have been cr ng to be used. ? hit Jn,vvcr&i. L11 to c
a-&4 J2O.
4tuden t. ßopwLat tot. Rested to 4,h ij d4 the cenen.a.G .Lack ai
.
cart l e caccpa.
o .. anp... arc excap e, ade, pa v, t,
-U-LOn,
educa&ona L, aoc LaZ and nwi tta. ta iu4.
blhen. 4UJJ e. t4 do vo Lw teen fan a 4.tU4f., .it. ttn4Aexw4nq-14
d,Ug4Lcu,U to ?2, Ld a nonna 4i c.VcUI4 a 4. ec t cuha t4 na.t. tuk. {nq
oC coM4a. 4ve
Cp-ryt`. i. Ilecch aý- the d i4u Aemnet a oruý the
,, anon ua'z CY" 4tUdL" real d LrLq the mzan.. Ceru, h,
ý, .
va& a tt, ULJ, and othe- 3tht tLcat a4fiect4 " r,
Lerlt tuc on
...
can, he, atrt tz ted .o &t. A°e race's th con ceptua l L3x& Lon and
ea, zclz dem Lgqn which make the 4tud-: e4 d i/; . Lcud t, Z f- not

dnt044Z&ie, to cornpate.. /4aV found tjLt Urar. 4U- eC 4, tt t4

i, U. de /vw ce s4 .dran actýroýnci and ex Rat Lnen. h to

.st,. a aarz4Z t

24
 a,,&t i4e iepea ted te4 4e444or o which can acca. n.wdate the
tdta4 / c4.a4 aý- Zid 'v.. du r cy:c tea. The er . ence o.A . nte&
and -Ji s-4 u &-ject ucvri cr& LLt l,ý th crcLe te nq.th . exacP. r lra
the po-Uen oý- adequa 4 dgLitnh .U4 pha4 .
9deaL4, the Rfuuea 440uLd be u:eýu d dry thP U ho vaonat
.
and iwiipho-Loq lrmL c w.,=c Uc4, (rut th, 14 thvdtue o. ecfu uP.o
oý- b ocherucat, ccýtadagtco, G and hUtotaq ca. L t ave4ttgatLon
not nohrutl. L t. aua Ua&Le to the poi cha. Loc The p ec.UZon
. .
atth &rhzch phi eo ccw be .identtf ied det ; Ae4 .the, Weisea4ch
4tAa te4? coed .in anc Utve4 tb mt ion a,? merL4icuz4 cic-Le phmo, 'z=.
Th.e e ate a rucrrthe't o;L rw tlhodotoq ca, L p ob. L encounte d
e.
.
in ate oea tcA to tUA a2ea. lZorx,nc la wte and pha. e de(. in-&'-lton
. .
axe ooi. w.
» &,i4ua u4 va' La Le- and &UA z.
a&, Soinne4, (1973)
,
p m4en t4 a 4t. ^,u,^a4u. o.& the eaAuh covered in hen W-ui ew with
ee4pect to pha4e dV-fz zrLttat a and demon as ae,U ao
the &ehaaLou1=L Lint ce o u4ed. 7ht4 4eaAch Oho14 the
.
va)t2 ýbi, li tc,
C -tn phz e de ai.g wUon ta/Uch make-4 tt di,,?, u.
c.. Lt to
.
ca pa t 4tud. Lc4 and gene &aU, -,Q new PIMS anz Z tcw',yc to
-,
ano.the4.. Thaae pJ e4 uaed n04-t con ten t ü,. . ea&c-&eA4
and 4ub cted 40 the cLo. oeat 4CUV-Lul, ace .the p zCn4t-W-aL.
and the rzerwt uuz4, the tL e when, c tcu-La tLuh hanrzon 4
(ae4tcacen and ptoc7.e4te tone) &each thew Lowre4t level a.
. .
The d ff cu, Lt tL
oý, cornpa.. san a an cc 4tac . e4 d.
4 made ""Le
dpi. 1 C1.Lt &V,the tack o con4L tencit to pha' e de 'o:
.
'}vzenme" icw.t" 4e f wh. Lch ruu¢ n4e 4wf art eft W' e
eno .aapae
week ptececýinrt once oý. t. ýZowr, (. Carzlr, 1953; 11
o on, 1953;
Sonnen., 1972; llioo4,1968; gLa. et at., 1951), to as ItelJ a- -tw'o
daV4 piton to the. onset oý, Law, (Pte. "on and Lackha4 t, 1963;
.
£Uýt. Le and 7-aha, 1974).
.
7hehe L4 no gems(, t to the tLr, oI ctic. Le
aq e n, a- ýe
t t &te
txr. to enw. t. Lon L ap4a. The P"op,04aL
urhen wanzen.aste no4.
dn. 7,=/-, (1931) and rbz ton (1950) oý, a pAemsen4tutzZ 4Vndto .e
Ged Uwe4tLga to d,[4tc t,&mce duALL the
, .oA4 antLcLpte stoat
Lat pC. e
o. the. cv-te. Dad tan (1970) howevez, Wer c the
, etc .do
rao4t uu2n.ei chte . tin to be the 4 dac,,V,a pt o to
.
Uon. the 4t t4t 4 dam ý LOrL. 71w-4e 8
ae ,4t wa and o. m jwt u at
da, c4 oheut the She a.(4a &eUeve4 Risst

arcnpto Aa-V occa4tO=tbo4 occw a avu. Ca-. on, L"tjag. ýc on2i.

.
a dae. two, ea4 apt a -e. w d=,, 4 and AAvznt. uj dc rw the
an .
9t ice centa q. 14 the ca-ne that a. nurvlret a? 4tud ie4,
p&en .nom iwi . .

25
 tnc, Lud Lna hRA oarn, de. on4t-a to a 4^.a. U, cau. cJL wacu 2 L* do tt4e L,?
.
AZ f-.2can t peak th the ,i Lctdence
4. i P, a 1.4y ch2a tAtc dim tuAbarr ce
a bowl h t.o tt e, (Dal ton, 1959; ke to, 1,962; (Jh.%teJw-ad, 1934).
..
7hene t4 4 ccL ce a ,fit. ' a. the. rý,en4 1La,L ac cLe, th eu_a't e,
tth, Lch. ha4 nod. seen tapttr V-p-d at ane -t2n.Le oh ano. hah iah cau4tjwn
fir,. rc.. L. arrd/an p cho-Log2c dt4u ce.
,
fflaa p.ozu-Lou4 wank eu have
adopted czii a td
ai 28 dazt c V.c.Le
the& 1, ta. &. 7onk (1968) .al "9.,P the
a4 e a. etence. o et at,
"t, Ln ted time &ep to the, next p Lod exceeded 28 da 4, Zt crams
.
couMe. d a4 28 d =, L4 to 'thpd ty ca cci, ýcz Eon". They.. d td, haueveA,
.
ada U.. th t
cz, th t4 clzea ed an a,,& f-ac. tun.. L weak. a cc u vi i ., on do4 1

a,? the cV&. Da.

(tan, (1959) iced
. that "AU aa tLe iA4
. ,
t..Uh wzeao44haea exceed ag. 28 da wem exauded". The cras-Ld
heue the eý'.ýect v& tncL. ac nq; urarcen ar-tth cycLea toweA than 28
daV4 who weAe -Ui the ez&UzA pt aý ic ct,,c t, and awn
.h noire ivoutd c, eat. e an a4ti, ac zw,L exceaa a;- 4wLxLec crha Lretie
freyinn2n theme Le. Van, (7968)
cri the a& cVc. made no .enence
to cVZ I.e .Leruý hh ouqh. to ted that h2 a .oa.nple cam used "nonrzaL4-

nena ý wann". fU4 ne. utt werz p. Lo.tted on a 28 dar'ph"

ffkznd and GlandLe. (1967) dLv. Cded the mumbec Oe &W4 -carp the
.e .
c-cm, wnceraen t o.? the c4c-Le ýý t" Le : to aL Cen. th
r!. a tim cy cLe and
.
t
ruU. p.i Ued dnv 7. Tht4 ena. &-Led thea to cara4 1LC t What tý 'Ju%.
CL "4t. an a4cf4ed rteno "
c'2 cetc e. cwhich placed each. 4Mb iec t,
,
"pec We -
a; ct,ýcGe dzngi? h, Zn-to one oý, 7 Pao a-W-. C&t-LW
-an4,
4One-tl ýý to oe b ed a 28 do4 cý, cLe d t&V-utt. on..
ur/u ch c.
Th t,4 4V4te. ^l 41,UA dreccur. 4e ovtt, Ccvl2oa doe-4 mat nece44a,rZ, j aCCUA
at mr d-ctpcLe:. thwo Con a wrarwn u-Lth a3 week c cU the ell-l.
pha. e woa. Ld ca ßarul to the La i-We 4even )14 oý- the
, cc-Le,
. -t
poi Le co pond an, L .
ürh.ýzea4 a vornan with a6 week wc. -t arou-Ld
to the .La o-t -tciro to -livree 4eventh4 of the C4C2e.
J i4 ý genz4a t4 a.7,med that t&". s,ae-c t-Lve a- the
.
C
tot, a, . Ceru :ha the coccLe., the cazpw tute= ha4 a d, i.?.e that
dm, &reen 10 and 76 daces. Thive re that avu. & t an demo
vazieo .
Lon PR't l ad. By.
a fzZ bi. con-, tart ' eLa, to the en4u-th.q r,Leno U0-L
u jtaq he. pha4e to covet the 4 day 13-16, ma4-t Uran" OLu-tattan

c;routd &e tnctu'ded, and Lhe4e

. am the da" when peak. Pia4ruc
.
Lene LU Lc2e 4tZrL--LVt-&LC. hoA wn e and mite tru: 2nt i. hon^iane
, 4 OA 1°. -
cute a. 4ewed.
lJhen the d.Lvfi-Gan t4 nade into 4 phaom then u. e t made
44 the 4 day. 4 a' be-Pte =n4tAw2ttOm a4 the
oý- on. -tc
the ?.ivrýt 4 dac -
o; me tv. wt Lon. cri the
ý, i, ý pýe,
the next 4 daVA ais the P44. t-men UUlCUC plinse,
rren4 zzL p=4e,

26
 anal ad,L other daV o-ý the q, ,,c-lx- am Liw Lculed in the -tn to z-
srzrza uut. G phcz4e. ThL d2 vvi.odoa enpiui t p-4 the e:,, °ect o, the
,iap idfa LC -ire, ae- thag-ea and ptare4. eýione in the. rvs wwt,
, ,z .
and .Carr a"twcea and na poqz4tRAane tin, mejvs vztton. This
divL Lan can. be u4cd AMg4ot i"4 Olf c,! cGe tenXjtJz wvL .i4
eope c La L4 u4e4v-L ý,on uramen,wh.a tann a. acct, e.4t ýzr ^Llrý
-.a4 date aý. mea,,
o,.U u 4on, but can can.ýv. crhet.'reýi a.t not th .,
cure n2 Muat. inc an darw and can then be We4ted 4-7
dac14 2c,te4.
(fluch o,? hh. e ci. 4ac reeri. ert t a.-Lon; pw&J.L hed 4t-t2l L" neg. l dý

nzeaa .Louth., va 24z&- lit , and oche. &t cu. L asp c

,oa;
o
lurrz: wn ae wt uw t orn. can be at &u2ed to d q-fJzce4 ta
..
eancep-tucz-U ti oa and tc-AecAcA de4tgn rah h, n2. cke the 4- J.L Le4
not 44 is tL camPZZAC Le.
In th L4 'regoicd,
. the. we o, 4e 4-ne, w)z t teams i4 a nav on
. . 7,0- .
4ue. Servaad (1944), n. a &wtaw or the mengt L cox e and .U4
.
e./-4c. +4 on worcen'. a wo4., enpha4 4ed the dtý e.rt.t W4" oir.ta tned
uVh 4ujec. üre rw.a4u e. The ; ter -rn the Pm oý- d.ta4te4,
mood 4c tZ4 and JUrde1;r4 4haored r z"tA a,L c, .c- e Ae- ated
1:ýa a4, wheteumw the P ne c 4thcLLe o, when gutaper con t. WJ4
ue .e. cued, decd not.
Rc:Cance, Xag ddaw4on (1937) co4,Lec ted 4ed i 4eI2O4 3
and G7a
Pion 167 r.jorwa (oven 4-6 C,
rwrwtA ur, cjc. Le4) a? the i exPz&-Leacce -
a.
,
10 eaae4u LV de.f ned 4=P tam. and road The data, canwt4 t LJ ai
. "
fieco kept, aveh 780 cycle, 4houed di4c4e. paac-104 let. weea dai2'V
"2econd .: echrL4ue4 and the. &"Lt . oý- a P&ei na. -
Le
queo4t-LOrLn
an nren4tu4. C c. & 4( zpt0; 7 crt ven lre acre the. tudýý waa made.,
d-i,oc.&epanc, C" " ao piequv, t that .thec. corn deAvUe dautz;t upon
-th-tow
the va.Lue oý- an-0 on thd4 4w& ect ljaged upon ht4. to an
"
qv, LonntaAe". PkCun.ce et at te. po4ted . fu i the na. aV tr . oý
tnd iv sdua, L 4eca tdo 4hacaredno evLdence c AhVAAn dw th. the / FAd
oý- 4tudv. lJhea rzcond4 trete comv&thed, houreven, C4c-U-c ch znc,eo
re eo eJwed, Aetzt. ed .to the men.o u.ra-L cyscLe, tn P-t L ue,
. .
aidarl zna L ,: a a, .backache, headache, li tt chan4e4, a w"a, L, and
the
. e%o Az4ut zed .fan wank..
Pee.o (1953) at4o tonet ted daV,-. to-dcu, teco td o o4 nepon t4
darn 30 woman, (oven a urfad oý ". oane acn he") and
al, 4ymp.. am
oou d ov, ca.U pat-tma4 oý p mw, rvs-uuzZ tncýr. a4e4 "ta te44-i, oa,
.
iývr i to lri, Lt tcý, dep M44-Lon, enoU.Lonc2 ta&t ,i tc aaxtetlt, acre1.1ý,
. .,
?atf ue and headache4.9n a 4tmU0A .ok w-i th crane 4uJ ectc,
J'eeA (1953) noted ..thur t 56°% a.- the women, did not epo' t troy

27
4. i,ýn. i?. i cant "PIV 4 yrcp torrv4"; the ne. #h aä 4ec on t not 4u fýý
de. U2ed, hacreven, to dete mZ ep hec i 4O what data were coiiec ted
to 4uppo t tM4 con. ct"ton.
The Rare. /'load anal /d ecttue aec/:. Lfist (1965) fury been wed
to 4tudct da U cl aIwe. in, 4ed4-na#i, n.%4 aver the cou ue a? the
r,-C" 4
V41 C4C LP-, with tncon4W. en t wU4, (I1aa4 et a L, 1969;
S,U, &CAX-t,dt 1971; Buu non, t and P,ý,cha uds and ce, Lde c, 1975).
R.l tr,= et a.L (1941) ? o.U owed 10 4ub :c t- avers a tota. L a? 55
mvw C cttc t.P-4 Greco vaAtatton4 do p44toiaq tcat even t
a44aci a,ted With avw czt an and p spcho. La(ttca..L chanWe4. InAILv dua.t.
women 4&owed vcvr ictdr in pctt to 'zn4 aý- .Gemvtou .
O ,=n, 4o z. and Tanche. Le (1961) repoAted chance- ., a da..t 4c
,ieco4AI, t .go; ' re Lg zt, tepeAu tw. e and ' p. ttcha4a1, ZCAic .oý!nptonutoLaq, '.
/14 urarmthe c 4e- th Rees' nepon t4, Wn.pfirw ran tah-.ch nicht have been
.
gaLmeat th a .Longz Ud LrLC.L 4-cu4 .i.. La .td. tnce the awtho z cUd nat
,rAW' the na tin rA ion .i.ru4 4, znp tarv* at d if po ' it-6
vwughaut cVcLe; Uz4tead the,. p 4e.nted &a4 eta h4 aý- the tatc2L
the
awab" a? t Li Zad U. dua, L trete 4epo ed. 9n the
.off CU
14 4p arv4
a &4ence a? a. ?x Ux c pte4entoAZom o? the data and o? con at gAoup4
a,A r,=, L. e. nan- Lv w. 1 it t4 unc. Cea4 wh.e the-i
. ,yUd ,
Ouch' pisljchO4orza- c acýnýýtorunto-..
o ' can, be taken a ev. Ldence a?.
p&ea, en4 uw, L . en., Lon. Da.Uan'4 (1964) uae o.r. can io1 ghaupi,
.
unW. LZZZ C irL 4tud-Les a? a Und, Ac t4e4 the que of-i-an a
a? how
-tJa
4qten/2, tp-t wv, t I-Luatucrti, onw tn day, --o-dat ' p-co zdo a? aCtetVU o; 4he
.
'ce.poii tedtJuzt p -,tUh th ft U to 4how 28 da
znt iecoptd4 4chaad,
CC Le.4 on ma-Le4 bt-t cU4 4hac; then f a4 4sa ep t44one U and 4Ch.aa.L
W4, h thane who wef.e nen4tu tin and tAo. oe who had Mot
, -lio .
4a4 ted iLe-L4 pp-4LLad4.
One caul 4ac,, that =aZ po tJ2rxnce L4 irV de lth-U-Lars 4eLevant
.
to the 4 t.udy. a? Ire tw-i ow Ll. chxvLge o a44oc i,ated wuh the n,..rwtAucL
ccrc t e, bum tt .ice na -Uvr c'.l ev tt to .off cut .ao? lu'u;.t hm,i c c1u ceo In
hu, ucn behavLa un, which ruu,{ Ue a a.a e uweAt. C ca
.cep. * in a geneca. L

p4VJLo. Lo7, ca, L then

. .
The quc4 LOn a? can to ,, gAoup4, then., po4q 4 to a 4e.cand
UOrL rvhi, c'z 4e-e4 to undeALi e 4tu. d%e4 a? phercen, o w- Lan,
a 4UMr?? -ten
dort tt the a a. wagt Lars that he n en4t v-44Lc te- t4 A. Levan t "ta
.
the .th to aaztaUan a? a c2ca t rrcnc! cVc l Lc ch anr. e- in üeluz r.Low .in

A1'?a-Le4. In view o? ev-, deuce a? .the pehua 2uerte a? c tc U. c

hu, &e (fiere, 1970),
ph4aop en a th = T4 con r o-L Vw uP4 wowLd

apnea&i to be e en tLat P 't he p) ap.ei Jcp t at t.on a? data on

28
 f ale 4 Lth e-c.4 Ffei eV., (1931) A /t exa^zp,Le, ha4 4 o/Ued
. .
? LJ d-LJcy cVcte4 oý erw Loma ttil %n mateo (de fc vmL ed on the
ba4i4 ajý dai. 4 o)4ewat-ion4 ý
o. . Ge.
hcwi. ow and -' ).
. -gte? o
The-4e, cV-ie4 vcur i ed 4com 31 .to 9 wee-U th Len. q th, &wt come
coa4-tant, vt hLa + an - one week, and p d.Lctaith o& a
q, Luen iad Lv i dtca{.. L-Leke and Sher in. (1972) have 4eion ted
.
ýrcd-th. q -Lw atc c2e4 th .the ccc wt nce oý vý. o C2At ch-Zrie o-
.
whe. #helt comm.- ted &V, aal,
--a o4 qzm . a.
Sexaa.{, uicL e4 (44#1uru ca L cl=gg e,4 of ce zta- rz. ph -i.o.l aq.LCcL
anal &ehavLau a.J- pamne e) apnea to ex.t'. in na.Lea o/
. -t
#a m ima. (A h rd tom, ca.tUe, rü ce anal
cen, an 4per-iei ,
)
4heefa. and .euch cztcLe4 axe exry 4ed in a ucw2e tcy of- wacj4,
e. (;. uod wn.e of, e,; acu La te, Aux
a p. ce-U can s nt to Lom, 4e-XUC-C
d' Lue and ýeýr t i. Li tcy, (Xth. 44 ioa, 1966; 7agge,Gflwi-SuAdL"e&q., 1971).
9n mangy car ea whe-'ce a na a exucLG V cc Ce t deXLt LjUe. d the
,
p , ý,Lod of, the cýCacle app/t. axtaat the. came a- the ad pe-
of- 4 exua. L cc cd eaý the- fema, Ge a.- the i. The /w=
.oarte 4 ))ec. Pý .
ma. e hay been gttud i ed much .Le exten, o-i.ve. L. in tlziA Ater a-td.
R4 tU41. conducted &c Doe t ncc et aG, (1975) Lamed
that in a 4U-64 twt. ttat p opak t ion o/L y.aun men aria
te4 to. otAa&one Zeve 4 Ptacta to with adio ce-- i 1jLe .7hy,.thri i.c.V4.
The pe rod o.. auch nluj t ha.ö va Mort AJ dtvi. dua)- to .Lnd i idaa-L
-Le4
Irut theq. thought to be cLea'zLJ.. Longe iha) appzox. mal-e4L
.it ..
d onrLe t than. 10 dato auc.qeated ia the a..e.., Latwte, (Ha.Uje
.
et aL, 1965; Iltan..an., 1965; £x e.y. and Conket, 1966; 94m zU
and flankn, "4,1967; Conk.,-,,t and £x-L4,1968; Rnot1., 1970 and
X4Ji.L4t'wr, 1971). CVcL" detected th Doe 4nq. 'a 9,tOU of,
. .
4Ubr ec#4 have ' peA, iodu' p rzdom ituzn td4 th the 20-30 dal. tange.
S.in. ee the deaiVL oý- the 4tudV. pAac Luded cyecL¢.a gne.ateA
that 30 da44, the. that
average c4c, Le Length maij app4ox4na-te,
04 .the 1e as Le. mvw t tua L ceycte.
lohn 1Utho. lAon (1979) ýcepoAt nqC the &eew124 a 4-iu4
of
made. Aece/L. t. 4t th Cafonni. a 4h.awed -that flame men, da haue a
hotnon t c4cLealt uaA* ri .L.
en q ue o .flora cud tun, a, L
tfu .
Rea
tof-Lan4 about how eva en. 4houd d Jrehave a f. ec tt eni none
expac ,
than. ,t ie2, t lr,ýo Lageý. Soc ie tcC'4 4nonance oIE rnen'4 phy4. icaL
and err of ana-L up4 arid down. 4 he.4p4 to keep.. hP U =en t4
-teape,,
ega&.. Le, urhe women ate, expected to be voltatZ e and

un4e, t, tp_ 0rad ,the &C become 40.

.&
Glhateven ,the cause a., auch uc 1rehav. Loevt tn non-
.
teuce ..tom kO the
aenatU W -Li
dLvidu a-L4 , .the .t. exi4. p o2 .

27
aeceA4tt oý, contto. L 9vtoup4 Iton the Z te&ptetcrti on oý- circ Uc
phenaaum a4 wbl. a4 Pt de teAnv, ing a .ba. e.Wz.e Aot de oc.,, UW
an change4 wh," nat. be Aound one in one 4ex. /Made. .deem.
to be a d,agLca. L cha-ice fan a camcpav 4an 4anpLe, 4-race the
nuLLe expe 2e i.ce ha4 been the lap- c. a ndaAd a,. cth2 t
... which
-U
ý,cni.th ie 1ýl uc tLLat i_an4 have been, cam pahzd, U4Uai)4laV ir tOU-6d,
t
S onuze c, 1973; Pi e, 1974; t U4. coxon et at, 1976).
RruV attempt to 4unma4iTe tahat i4 now knotan aAJou-t the
L te" d L4cne i
aac e4 that c anna. t te
nerr4-t, uw, cticd e enco un in.aru t.
Lued. One 40
m. p bjem iss the d.irue 04 e44e44rW t
a. -U4
teciut i Lei. Lach expzAirren teh lino der. ined and hated 4yrri tarn o

4:1L antCU04 u1.c, atic uraij that rzake4 U. dZ"-Lc tt 40 cORLP4A.

u. ac- .a44 4tud- e4. P?cVcho4arati. c 4t-WUe a oý- e.cw-Lon

need as ea' Z4 adm tnt4 teýied p4Vcho. La L

cct. teat that ou1i.
pA. de o
-
comrycehen s-i ve and . rund i,a to nxa4u&errcen t alt the G.%ec t

ao4octa ted with d 9t uen p hV4 i. a.(,a g.Lca. C 4ta te.

30
 c p7E.,5
3: 1 S.tu &L 7

Backa, towul to . he P&", u t St=14

The ümýta aý the authat urete fL ut in the C

ca.
. . .
cc cLe - t4 e4 and the mea4 uen en t of- ua La Lars uuhg. a 4.c ih Le
toa, C urhs,ch pe,, d ¢uan Ua. tuve data to ýe a44e44ed;
.
4econdJJ, t, the A.PLpUca Uon4 it hM4 4ex nce4 and.
ItO-t We-

mood change.
The
/. ý. t Ca 4e 4calz a teip, t, zepy ed de to i. L, to
. . -in,
car 4 we ta ¢ue4t i armor e ion c 444-44 f4 the P4yXJLO Coal ca L ctuuu%e4
L4 M0041 (1968,
a i6c aced ui, & .the mervstAv LL cyc.cde . tJLat aý
1969x; 1969b). Sin. ce the 004 /knob at 1Pi4th"4 QUZ4tiOnnZi
-e
(RDQ) tn the coapAp-he..n4tue of- .W tope ava i, t h. -e and i4
not
.inc&ec iAq 4,. and uride, 4 used (S UreAge, Cd et a.C, 1971; Somme&,
197-2), a drat4 de4 cat tptt. on oý the ADQ and tt4 de &, Lopm,ent ruuj.
be in, o4d",
.
The IIWQ canwL o 47 aynptarr4 compiled iaa ap.ert,-ended
¢cce4 onnc, &M4, :ixte tewo, a conpAzhen sd ve Hiev-Learof, the
d.i to a-twre, and a J2.,,t oý cant. aL or¢mpiarz,4 Awns the &La t. t
. .
Ine/ apa. 4aJ- 9ndey.. (1953). The
an a6 POZ t
tera4 ate (rated
-i
4c.a. e accOAA2, ii to oeu darn 1 (no expe Uence
. . ý oý, expe&i. ence, .
at aLL) to 6 (ac. wte ot paatiat44 d 4a Uruy) . The..te a4e .taro
,i
P o-ý the 'WQ. Ton,^v Ra 4k4 P& the Vic. 0-4 the 4FMptar4
dwLinc the pterien. a at, riertý uý C and in ieunenw *.
tut. C pha4 e4
, .
aý the MZ"t- aa,L C4C e. Torun T aak. ia& the. 4ulJ e.CA4'

expe,, & ce at the igre 1. Art ng out, the que4ti. onna L, e

.t 4he
>ce a Of- Whe-te 4he . Lo Ln hen rrer 44AV=4 C4C Le.

On the Ira,
the ncrtinga off. theoe 1.
i 11,
L4
a aymptonvs
Ce
no. tMXLUue . amp. aý 839 wam.en, PZ004d4(w4 oeve aZ canc"zZo vs,
C..WnQ .then. ,that "30-50% a.t noAma.L, voun.,7 aa.,t, -Led women. a4
bothehed 40 40 Me extent . rµ c4cUc Q 7arzo". To a,-ae44 4C-ate
,
t, {, 171oc4et at (1969)
ed ate4.ana 1.7ACUA Olt women.
4 , ýt .
(15) an the IIWQ aveh 2 c-V4 f{oureveýc, thin .tem4 ar"
-4.
24 al, the ta. ta2.47 4cmptorv4. Rlaaa
ca&, tUd out on. and .
"women, wh.o comp oý- dcn, am.o th ccj.r. t. e 1
canr-tu*A that _a n.
4,4V'nPtor24 fir. c4cLe 2. b7JL,LU it da
a)-4o fiend to comp c-tn.
the L-. tencV, a. the. tJorii .. '4
herz whetheJt . con ý°,
nah C ecvr
the a) 'j- o/ the OQ 14 at i44Uel AZ4U-tt4
ex nce on

31
 thui
"show. 4 Ur, --l- ty. aver two C.ýJCLeo .TOU-LA end to conPUc t ýJie
.
con cn-vn,,
4 a.- .both.. 9n fte 4tudy, drat rb04 et at (1969) the

women uie-te -e ted on the 2nd, 7th, 14th, 19.4,

24th, 25th, 26th., 27th, and 28th dac; 4o tw carv4e.cu .Lae cVc l.¢.,o.
lJhat data were cathe zed on wise to t dates, howeve t, 24 unc. Gea&.
The trgo vn.a. on q wen 2n ptt&, i4hed [=, peA4 and &n, the U. z2.ßa
..
and, dndeed, qub eque t MaruuUA oý the MQ .Lo na-t
del ttad that th, 14 4tu4f u42n,q the /12004cowLd be 47, ep.LLcated.
lJhat 24 cdzah 24 that a nculdan 4an,2Le o/L cwonm Wehe not gdvm
the jtu2 L 48 t ten, /7ZDQ. Ören the d.tandatd -,wanAAq, of- .te4-t
. l. i a lr we. do not. know whether the ON ha.
4 e.itheh te, ot-
,c,
&e zzt Ae Umlr-L.U 4t, oe opt t ha-Lt is Jj Ujt when .it t4 q vea
2&z the comp.Le-te Palrm"
The, uae o que4tLon aJ eo pt the 4ttI4 oý- the Me-rWu a-L
cr c Le ha4 cone £r to que4t oa. 2.Lsv ,ý.. = and Pah, Lee (1973)
1aund that " dam 4e4-Z aý- va'720u4 torl4 4hocC;
4cWi.. ed na
.o
.VI4, than c e4 when toa. /; OAOpL to
44th a.ti. ca L .e ue. o
we, rz u4ed". t 24 and aaotheh. Lca ton Pa, I (1974)
-In . pu2i i, ee
tha. t ,Many.. nervy-t wzz L 4.tud eir, &e 4 u; Zwn ünc cuU u- t
.off. .
4 e'zeat4pe4 they. Murrt, artua-L va.. U4 4ct. ent: t Lc An Un. 7441
PwLee (1974) v, f tlCLjz4 the LWQ on 4eve a.L pa.int o. She
44 . iur t the ,mi2nira.L acconpalu,!. innthe quo .i on zt e doe4
not 4U-G,ec OAMIOUan att he lre-Uzueo to be vtt4-L
to the 2n R tp t tat an ojE the u-L to; aeaA4 ha, Lf- o? the aramen
. -
111004'nano-ti, e oup. we. e tak., in., 0,Wt con t tacept f ve4,10%
-In .
01- the worin taete- p w4Aan t at the .tf ne. the-V, r-onLPt9,tzd the
q "ttoan. a24 ,., 5% dtd not arL4we2 the c;ue-tCon ccn. c.e ur inn .the.
u4e a? can cacept. Lon, and aveA h.a4 04 the 4u r ec. #..
ö had nod Vet
had ch4-Ld ea. 117004 (1969) tep. o#V 4 .the. ae data e2e. whc'ta, but thei

a4 e nod Wiled üa the (1ZDQ buuia4.

l, ?a Ue (1974) a. L4 aC Ui t LL eo
.fn , .
UIoaq' r..a2. ae toa44e. 64 the lrcU4. oý, . the RDQ 4cane4,4tCt LJuy
4t(7,
dart due to the lack, aý- enß. U2ca2. te4t va-Ud ., the data
. ,
d.LLc4tta e the "4e pinöe . &.
L teaderLr4 1. o 4e4pan. tat-t.
ia ouema .
tiupn ht, ch apt .Low eta, Lng.4, ýceqýa2d Le44 o.. U. M con ten t". She
el
f zthc 4 pcrZa t4 out that he ce =4 na .in, /, a , uVtt ca avcii, Lcr2'Le
Leist- LU h Uf- A& the /Q. Thtio,
on ,.e4. on 4p, 4e-UZUrU 4
hatreve, t, wa .' iied-ted trtý /b kwv (1976) and Raue (1978).

Qztk= (1976) a4,je44ed the t-4e teat ARUc&Ut itz . oý

the !'jp"t tt: a. G Djdt ßs4 Que.
at i an I4tt to and at- enP ted to

32
,
de»te, =ý ne ý ie
4U&,, t4 tea. 4 do an oe'. the I7Ü)Qacca4d in to
-i. .
a 4teneoýty;. p d attitude rcer4tAUct &out_ She ýou.-Ld that
Lan.
.
the G71DQha h J. irz to tna-L con4t4tenW and tea t-pie t.e.ot
. .
n.e.U v& ttt j, 4eg a4a., whether -th e4Ub ec t kn.o o;the
.
¢ue4t4on. na.-i.ºre de L4 wUh men4 umaoa an ao. t. 71144 a-tudct

the ohe, Pa ee'4 (1974) c oac L" Lon that the NWQ
gue4UorL4, .
cay. )je mea LLV fu cu(, tuIML 4teAeo ýC, ffoweveh, fia zk Ln
.
cu -wjih,4tMed Torn 7 on4 and 4he d td not 4,+zec-141 the gaa
betweeji one camp.Le t Lan and the next. $ecau4e o.,, the natuhe
.
o-ý the 4ttudzy the -L"t. u2 -OrW on tim cue. -t2o vra LZe wew- maA'r..
ed
ion tilLeex il em rz-- mau/..
Raue (1978) conducted a pe. btri, ii. a4. Jiwe. 4t L at-Lon to
ex, ofre the 4en4-i, #.i.v-r. Oi& the 1?WQ -thc.,4 had not., as fat a4
could be a to Lned, been 4d 4eed an a Bnt tt4h 4anp e-
She that
the gae donna
a-f worm. ., ound e pteaented curtain
Ncob. Lec24 4o1t a .L 4u e nurtheh 04 ,women. maoa m An. #.a-t" that

-U.. take, o and r¢ a/ owt 5 rjuite4 ion a woman to out the

. .-
cue4 on to te. The ave, arze woman -ci Row e'4 4aml2ie pound the
(Q .'amewha. t comp. cated and 'cam, ' p- cuU to undeutand;
can4equex J4 took at Le 20 r,Le.ºiwte4 in the na Lo4.t4, of,
.it .t
ca4e4 -/_o4 the wo,-,= to comaatz to 7o4n q one. Pa4A cud ah

wa 4 and phýn4r- o con to Lned .in the irw-t wt Lan4 an the

que o.ti. onna it a/ppzated to be ai4ieadtaq. o..t conveyed the

w-tonr ºº4et-n q tat; what the woman Wa.4 4e¢u i. ted to do.
Ton exam,ºa,t e, the. mann" in which the gcue,j. tLOrLna ivte .i4 4et
au undeh the ec ti, an a4k. t W Pt date 4 tit thin the men4-uiaL c ctc-Le.
,,
.iJ be itden. ing. The ie fie 74 uaed to 4epa/tate the fA('-4e4
,
W-Uh-La the cy.c(. e cute cited in, neven4e a- LLen Siam that which
.
u, u aJ-; -th-L4 -to qe the t with the u4 eo wad auch a4
.
"de l rrreate" and ". Lowe ted ma.ton coohd ina t i,on" a), L moved

. P- to ncnc. women %Zven the C.

ue4t onnxi &Ue. Tan
the4e nea4oa4 .the que4ttonna2 z apaea4 couched th a game
what at i4Lca.; foal.
Reue` th e Lea4 .hi.. pa cwLa t. i udc. proved to be of-
,
vatue on 2 coun#. o: 1.9.. 4hoayed the IIWQ to ire ca.p&-Le 0-4

C, Ua% 41,4nFtamcvtcLogV, oven one menW ,. L ce cie- do ao .L

&. ec t4 ex1104ed to the Aan. -'.on 4t mtUAtZoa off. na w 2y.
4
A, 6W ayrL,atam o; and 2.3t p44vided a p. t o., depcza, twte
or-cu -Ü
fan pwtu', e iaue4 atan4 taq a aecr4 d 4tq ed ferwt-Wa L
u a.
.
Dd4 e.- 4 Que4, U onJta e"

33
The lwt qe o{_ 444t 4-tud4t wao to ex Cafce the
a.
r" -thL4
4erL4tt, ui 4 o. ag'e tao. L .dort hao w de one svi4toa
.
and nLad. Uc..
at-i arL. The Que4ttdnna. Lxe 4gAtz7ur ti ccU., l. a.1.
ta if24
-i.
Zn, an, a- arz an a &cW- a 4en czt. We, aann le oý- men4 uLc Lc -r-U
avn, op and Au; r i to the ider i, c Uoa ait d qteAen,, t p e.-
-
Le4. Otaa. o, (1969) tides-Leal e-i fit
rzen4t.. rad, 4Vnptam pAool-i.
4Wiryiam CtU4 but "a a.4 the 4e. d Ld not 4haw ciz.
c- ca-L
, .
tatton. (4LcawaL and Con wt) ta the Pau-4e (1978) ö V"
va!
The t-e 4t a 4err4dUVtt. 4 c2ia4the ca st or tU he-ut4ed
quanta u ive taa. L to detect the vat a Lan4
t.. do r2aad .Levu
a 4oc2ted with the jthm4 aý- the cc. cLe. The.

woe vic /. that 4 Grath natp- and ýer;w, U4 ureýte a4 zd

, . ,U
Lne1
anraut the- t own, experience aý- .oV,zptaru ave. a pzAtod o?
the anowz t a.- e.cad chant e aouid va, %V.with ceAtzt- n Pha e- aý°

r,
lRJ14.t4I4t cVcLe -a& he sera t the rna,Lea wou-Ld . haar
-the . ,Ju.
Ztt#. Ge -inz- to Zf, arc, to the. feria-Lego' ýieio t2n a.
. ,
4Vý7tptOCZ4
.
&caU4e TaAn T oý- the MQ, when a&mLrvý. te/ied in Aztat on
.
to fie, can P&ov. Lde 4epa/nte 4co ßo4 CU Ph-"e-4 0ý the

c c,U, t way ? o44.W.Ce .o e=l2ne &etat ILCrLtl- p Tretseen.

-i
arc; the PeAuan.
F Qa"UOrLuz-L e
4an. a U4. as ae.aouhed enck. a-U-A,
JV the I',
enq uca.C Di4 4
and rte vtw. a-L 4Vmptam o a4 aeaýswrzd .
Oue4uorLg2tAe.
The gene t hý,ootheýsýL way :that .the EPQ 4-O WA on. the
?4V,d o t. Lc i4a, CXtJw venis,Lan., feLL.co-t Lt7. and Q. e.. oca-Le. wou2d
co-tute with 40MZ oc the 0 (2 a ca,Le4.

34.
 3-: 2 S.t uc4l 1

Su,(ro

40u otv, - tee u Ow exp ". j ed an tanz et do pri. #.i.3.,a ii.¢

.in a one month 4tu41 an w-A4ont Utq. change ureic 2ted
, -tec
Pia-,L aft,, u. t-ý,, exte p4Vchotog; t cou-e at the Criäßt Untveu .
The irwe4t. Lga tan, hi tie c,tcr.i iii;,! A4.t-Vea-i un,de u,,Utdtw Ae,.,, had
.
hoped to have amoaqý .the .owb c t4 a h4 h ryio po&ttoa o.ý AncLt e
4tUdent4 LJho had not a4 r,etr LO . exuat pa&tne, % and who trete,
t/ie tP, f-onz, at 4o nw t u4 t con i mceptty 4. The 4u-&c-t4 2an ed

tn ace an 18-25. 'LU welce 4iw, and nwLUpatoU4. Olt the

a' jU,
f .40 4U2 : ect4,14 uete excluded the ana 4 e, P 't
one 0.2 mofle o.e the P LLoc,ri,n,g neapon4: -
1. Ilca o.- ona L cont uv-ept the o (9)., eaa4 ol- con-t-wcepUoa
othe& n,. (2).
29 'aZ2 to to {.aaaW Utt-i ono (2 MaLU) and
.
3. Ta LLw e to con to ger"t,; w- (1 !'late).
-owua
Data wn 26 flu lJyect4 wao ýi. rvsl, L wtLL4e. d, (13 nab. o, 13 ? erý).
. .

9r4t, tumpail.
t4

&rwtAvxtt Dt4tte-44 Ovz4ttonnxt. &ý

The Ceta toV. a.L Dis 44 Q l"UOn 4.te. (IIMQ) a4 k-6 ion a¢e,
ria vUct 4t. 47,tu4, nwr4en aý- chUd1aen., occupat i an and the date Oi
canLp,Le2 on.
.
The MQQ 47 tem t de to nZn4 L
Ua.
.ta .i -14t d4n. ed a44e44
CyI,Cte .oyrrcp or 4 of the t. ime o.- auf the, q e4a.{onnac -te.
The terw cvze dv ded into 8 and the öe a2e.
-i . 44.1ptan 4caLe gAouPvs
outlined .&t Tate 1. Tan the ppaae. aý- .th2 4t444 the 4ca-Leo
'/ ouAat' and 'Cantto. L' weAz o tted.
The a&-tgZw..L II?oo4' RZDQ hequZted .the az4porLden t. a to tate
each 4VnrAorn on a6 jxovt 4=i e 4an4% Jýocont 'na expeLence aý,
the 4ym. arn' to 'acv e and paatta b,,ý di. 4ad&itng'. The math f2e. d
ve44tcn ic#.t;,l 3.ed 5 QCate-o oMttt4JZg '4even. e', a. .U &ra-oa44umzd
that 'orate' and 'panti. a -bi. dt a -Ung' ravened this adec te14.
The 4ev1.4ed qe ei Uted the. 4VPlp tarn in. accede oAde. t.
-t-LannaZ .
40 e.na2rth ea oe aý, 4ca42a . S.Ugh, t aLtena.. t2a u wehe, made oo . Jur.t
.
a-U .Ue. rr4 co wLd be made app, UcaJ Lc to troth 4e Xe4 , .L. e. -to the.
Uer,. 'Ra n.Pa btca4. tÖ', . the aroAd 'che4; t' wa added. Some 4vnptoa
.
wrece c ian, t j. ed :- to the 4 ynp t Ol% ' do oomnL t' water added
.e .
I4tP-ep2"4rre. o. '. U4tA=cWJ.. e Jjeccu,ýe 'eacaJ. 4r, cU ttacted'.
£cwe,ced nw.tot caond an became ' cCtwz4c' . Dec e.a4 d e". Lctencrt
Geca ae 'dears ca pabia' . To ' nau oea' the waýid '4 P-kne 4'L ta4

added. Hot g"ha4 &ecame 'hot 1.&L4he4' and to the -item '4k2/.
tim te '4/W 4' Wa-a added.
cU4o e-4' . v

hdd iti. ana,L qu Dona cancel the ..e l-UL of- cr c Le and u4e
-4
L
of- ofra cord cep tve4 wehe tnco&Ao ted Ln to the ' pema Le uen ü on'
.
a1 the que4t-Lone t te. Ton the. =4 I ven, a ruimbeA of,
ch4nq. eA werz made to the M,)Q. 9 deed. th4t ohau, Ld add that,
.1 .
ea.o-i tg adm int4t i teUigi bi. Liti}.
ctpa t /arm can tdz&a wt on, "Ln
iruc aý- the qu ttonna L e, .1 an uniLa bdz to qzw the
and 4can .e
to the ua l Ld2 and &etta l ttttt oA the 00 ha.
extent, urhizh .
been a44ected bcj. tAme cJvln eq.
,
Bath the o, q &w t ! ZDQand the w-ut ed vetö. Lan ate .Cn the.
R ipendtx 2.

The &pienck Pe uorwWi Quo4Uan 4

The ü,4 eack Pei ona,LUip Quz4ttonn c,! (FPO) a4 k3 the

t accapa t ion., age and Th i. Li a 90 Lt n

4UbGec t fan t L.. 4e.x. o
P4t. 4a, £xtaave don, and neu tot Lc. L4nt. The
mea. uAa alt choUc
LLB 4ca. Le to d-r a4LTtt- 'i an.
4cre4t Lonn4t, e aha can to iza measure
The 4u. b&eGt &"poad4 to ion, cL c-Unu a 'Vza' C. a
each gtm4t .&i.
'no' The ¢ue, 34ton. r4, Ue L. 4CO d U-n4. .econ i. v kc .
.
The £ PeuonaL t4 Que4t onnai in
t4 , . the 4aPznd-U 2.
wck

3b
Pnacedede. 3: 3

R.t an . n. tt. z2. a.ee Uiv 4U-&&C t4 t ie e ta. Ld that the 4tu4
cance, Tnect maod cage. Thci, were aAked to ?ý do a
rle" a.C D,
i,4 ce44 Que4 tt an i.a Ure (MQ) .ta¢tethe t wtth an
44pnck Pe anal Uu t Que4t t;arzna L tc (UQ)
"
Term 4eA4. Lan4 ion add, 4w& ec s gaol. nd ace Ct- the . W-e-
., tae, =7w, 4 the. JLz. t4T
.-
datj a,f, elrmoona -in Match 1980.
Que. -. ionn were carte di rug a c-La,44 when ad. L .oubjec to
-4
we,w- LLke4 to be mw t. 7&" a it 4WLYeC t4 cam p-L ted 4h
, ,e
qu.e4t cnnr, L es at a,2,anoxicr te2 the aa^re ttnz he. La -We to .the

carptet, to . a;e the crc Le enden 4t414,

Qcce4 orvuV,e4 La
urene . Je.Ued L
atphau etc. a. . fan tfte ýerw2e
.i
and n urze. ca14.. "{_ronthe rate-4. Each 4u4ect wao aoked to :take
note o.- theJ. /& 4yrzba. C fan u.4e- on 4w 4ect ert t quc4 orwz &eo.
Jn .th L4 evae.4LUJ CAa were a44u - conpden. t C.
.da. ,

37
Rncth e.o 3: 4

Each tee a.Le'4 rwji4 z.

u t Lad way deteAi4 ed wa the
. ,c,, .,,
G'Ie". iuc,, L Di 4t 44 Que4t onJ c tut. It t4 a. ut l tt genR4czLL4
.
aqýteed that ec,t We a..°. th. e -ta tad.. lang2h oý the cq cLe, .the
ca, cp tateun hays ai 44e that va4, Le4 between 10 and 16 da44.
Thin near t1`at omUta. tLaa J ea&4 a ýý can4 anmit La.. Lan to
.
the erwuZ- acn t vial pet-Lad. Jý- a ca ach nzthoda. Cog4 ba4ed
.
upon .th i4e 4tab hzd &z CatLorwhtli i4 adopted the vcvricu'r tZ- e
.
4/2W between the commence _nt o4 nervt u .,+ an and ouu. Lat. Lan
&econe4 dean of- ap tot"a. ß'a2 the putpa4e4 aý, conpaA Uan
a dou &-Le,aruz4.,4.v4 wa-a ca,,-,Ud out.
Tan the. U24 t ana. (,b t creek, p ttc t to the once t aý-
.
Lola ÜJa4 dc4 i gnaV-ed cri pner, ýen4t tu rL dato. One week, Pd, Louitar
..
the tepo4tad L
narvs uur, peAtod con tZtt-ted the t
po. a rw-nz #iuc. L

pha4e. AU dam cow U a., teA the pot ne.r t u. L phaoe f°a' ed
,
the .inte&nen4ttuc. un.
Ton the 4ecand an.cth -iss muwtAuaL c. cLe data taaa dLu-Lded
a4 P-LLo 4: -
DaV4 1-4 flk"tauat4xa. (tour oe4thogen., na p toge,4te. tane).
DaV.s 5-8 Po4.t-aen4 t..w i an (&i4buc ae4t&a ea, no pt e teýWne).
Dav4 9-72 Pee-auuaaUaa (h2g:h oe4 t wgen, no hoc e.. on.e),.
Days 13-16 OvwLattorz (; Lin, ae4t-ýcaaen, peak. TS/- and £i).
Dalý,o 17-20 Poat-ovuLatLon (At4tr4 oe tw en, and pnacye teAon.e).
DDaV421-24 &anüj. Pnenzj Ld iuur,ý (h..Lgh ae iogea, and piac e atenone).
Day. 25-28 Late P znotdv. wn (ja-ULaq ae-4tiogen and /. tOre-4-tp-cone).
Ton the p.wz.poa ea a1- aJla- j4-t4 the nag are-'M a44i; Led ' ccccLeo

40 .tiuLt the. vc &e,.a .an o" cau, Cd be conga d .o th04e Of, the. 0011M
dWeAp-nt ße4.
-Ln
Tcrbde1 4/ww. the 4V.np tart .*cnLe c aup4 oý- the 0,00
Taii. Ge 2 4hoer4 =arw ans 4tanda td d euri.a ti ona .. o4 each aý- the
6 !IWQ 4c ,,lu, ý2L4,7,ed do thi4 4tu4 PAL real eo and ý oven
4 phc.. e4 oý, the cýLcl.e. TaUe4 2a and 2b 4/1041men i and 4t4nda d
deutattoa4 fan the .Dame r7UWQ 4ca. Lea when the L,
nerwt uu, c-Vc- e
data ti dd v-Lded testa 7 l/ e"
.
Tcth-Ce3g'e new" and 4.. anda-td deviat om Pt the
,
i.
p- chot, c on, neu, ot. Lc farm, ex-ti0veA4 on and Ue. 4ca, Le o 04 the
.
F-PQaCC W44 the Pwt week 4ttt4 Ptwttod, 4ery4Lttte4 ion "o
.
and IýerLa&4.
Ccaph Lc i epheeenta t ion a? the q toup ma ion bosh
T.t q4 al and W. T44 a2 and dr2
c4LLe. LannaL eA ane 4hown th

3a
4h.atr the dcLta ac-to44 7 ,JwAe4.
P tuuzt and mzvw ul, L near o an .the dý. '? 4
,
a igniý. i.car 4. /-'toa the. w4t-rxerztAtur L and -in to t-mews u.x rzean o
doh tlw- negczt e. a,Z°ec t 4ca. Le and a.Le4 and 4na) e s.
ion the. ný.
The nw 4 Lncr 0! 4Vn Qtam4 ureJte carL4.i4to -tt h ch. e4 . `hcur.
-
-haie aN the ýercz- e4' .ttviacujhaut the 'cVcLe', The chance4 .they.
4 the "
.ie,2afr ted ove-t the r-ou,,,ise of, wecek4 Ve M q4",-UaJt 40
&.a+-,Ln excep, t .} a)r. the vatzt netenttaa dca.,& whe the ß? eru*

.scaled 4 ti.,, ccu hrc e-c, pa v-' c i.

r.La. in. the p,2zrr cn4. FJtu a-L
,n <Ai -i. .
and rwrwt uic L pha4e4. Copy t an P
a, n a. Lea. and °e, Leo oven
4ynptam 4ca e- on, the ICI Q Pt 4 pha4e4 cuter relit -t4.
ice even ted IA Ttg4 c-c. Cam.,
rc an P. 7i e4 t4 . harn
Aan T.Lcc- c2 - g2.
The, a.(r a2n a c,;
n atom.. ca, (.
e 4 r-O, o4 the °. mct and ma Lee
-d .o .
to 1? (1968) 4anpde except an the min,
c;re carzaaA47, -Le aa4'
cri ice ten t Lan (P?.d ne.qa t tre a. #.. ec t 4ca Leo lnce. P,.
e the 4 cafi eo
,
o. med in t1 4 tudtL we )m b Lo je4. than- the 4cane4
. .
neca, tded 1 lt0a4.7h i4 tiawt, d Ire expected a4 1', 100t4 4u e.ct4

weJce a Cdeh and riaruuj. had had chi, Ld en, urhe tea4 the cW
.
ý tllA to peop, &* it t4 &e Ueved
4anp-(. e rLraa campc4ed a, c oung, 4, . .
t WL, a p, cthe. 4 eve t4 o- rLanatýuLL di4 ý
in ade and pa4 "#ýrzý
(L3tcke, Capie. n, and Re eL, 1963; Da.Lton, 1969;
and l'Jaad4,1951;
Rouoe, 1978).
St t4 A Led that the pAem er'4tuu 4.
ca-L con pa 4ana nevea.
L the faun E.PQ chid not, d M-"
and remuuz. rzea i on OU .off
n. l
c,, cccuvtCry ýýwm the pa4t-ram4L and i eýc.
^iený iucýL o.
mnean
-Lc,,
7h. ma.Le4 d oven the 4ocvz week pR ad.
a.t4a appUZ4 to the.
9t i4 tnAxA" inr to the aJ rzecua4 P-t P. E. l2o
ca, cpN. pztte-m
and C the E1'Q oven the 4tu4 peaod. Thz&e io na at i-o ca-L
an . .
d q-,te fence and no ewi dcnce %ec-t.
aý a .öeA2 -L e. get they. do
U Th. 4 t4 i IV4t4ated in 744 h-k.
chance, aVie. tt -in, a 41na. wad.
The mean P4r chat, {ýi. o,n and !1e.w tu rL 4ca4a_ fan týM r atAZ4,
dis t4 h tgheA -wart, 4.4enck. '4 puJi.U hed nano, dn.
t
-UL 4t-LUIc,
the Lx iove £Le. 4ca4 c"e touret. Ton the . at"
e??.
-Lan and .
he P4VJat. LCt4nz 4co4e t4 car14 de ta. &.
14 h LgheA than. Cy ck.
en. ' 4
.
nanrw p wh L4 the lle.
tco t is f 4n and tLe ocane o am ttga ,t
. .
13u.
t erben one u4" an ave e aIE =UAtp-Le aI4e CttO 4)
-Locveh.
the .th, 4,Luence aý, the &IdtVtCkL zL 4wbd ec t .iii 4WJ4.tart t LzLt ]- 4ed..uced.
The data wehe 4U,&dec- ed to an a4 L4.s.i4 oý- va- wince P -Z
Uh the. inde, vt va tc-Ue
at vaAtab. L& fan xepeated rte wu w4 w. . 2cnde
lre w, the tuna 4a L rerw, Le4 Pcut pha4e4 0! '
-M aJA_4 an- - and
. -Ii"
the (p t, nt UUY L anad dnte-i-
, rnan.4utaa pa4t-rn

S9,
 zn4 vxr,L). Suuz7La ie4 at anc4.4ea rice P&a4e .ted UL
-thee
Tate d4 and 5.
£.xanAxwt an a.. the an the 6 WQ accr,Le4 ut ;.
near ed in
-th-L4 4 t.adyc neueaL them to be, 4Dzaz, LL and 4 4n eý. t 4017W-di P.,°.ý
;
w W?. "the , 4e. a auch a near dt jf° ce ptoce4une to de e,,, +,tne
,
the , npa. c t aý, the nwnzt wat cc tz an the exile 2n ce4 aý- warmen..
3r. 4pzc. #.i.an ai. the ne.an4 an the RM Pan 7 pha. e4 .'hatred
4cß ,
than to be 4th. U i and 4mß ai4o. Bct u 4,&w, Than 7 a; ° the
C'OQ in th i4 A"hLan and 4urw"zA-g phave 4ca4e4 dc a.o4 d'V-de
4U,teCT4 thpa. ct a-p ccc. Le phzzie rer be Laut,
the
. -U, the Patte-IM
a,? n.aad ua7tLn lý tý &e&; e m pha4e4 dis not te4, S-M a-4.044 .the
4aJ'Lp-Le.. Carnna,r t an oP rzew acha44 pha e4 Aas ,in d.Lv i.duad.
4ubieCt4 p)cawLde4 4ane thcUca oa a,,P Jame e2czted dz pie ces.
,
Becaa4e, aý- ind W,!d. Lw2 dir 1ýienc the. pac taa. pha4e- t4 na.t
. , »L
of a4... Thu,, ave to Uq toua. d i,%ene, Lce4 ahz 4ruý.U 2rha pha4e
ae.an4 fa.t. the q&oua ane canpied. gn acct, fitze pha4e rzean a P&
the na. Le4 4harv 4 ongert clan ... 'tons. 1104reveh;, there awz' to
die 4 iann_. 4u, 2,WAt. P)c phaoe. &etvted va4i. alrVLiwr th ac4t u aiz n.
und pehhep4 a '. t irre' neLated p Atod UL darre nen wi th cans, Lderali-Ce
Znd i vtduuL dty-P fence- Ge ueen 4h ec t4 th the rat-U-te 04 ` e-t
. . .
heac#. i.an gatte n..i.
Cxam na t an a.ý the c-capte to data ava Ua x.Le an 4w(r c i4
lceveciCed can 4i de t&j e va habt .f tja stn in tErvsV-li a4 are.U a4
pu tte in incy a rýen t taa, U y. .ted
.
Luc tw crw aC)w44 men and
warten. R 4rur,U ncla&en aý 4aGiect4 ýrevea.Led v.UUu U4 na
de-tectab. Le &zta t:an4Up. between the nen4tAuaL eVcLe and the"
,
leiuiv-iau-t an /o-i mood; and a cot, e pondthQ . d, hegt 4
.U nu
4 u.Gaectad i4p Laced -in to l4e hear=t Lan fa t te4n4. likw:t L and-SchLLL n4
(1980) egp. Caited p wcedun wh.i c iavo Lved carp='%4 an ai {ame
nzeanw .in, ca man-et 4.ua, ah to the 'ac educe eng4V.ed -üi. thi. o gtkcdc..
,
She d td rat /. th4 di;? mw, 4 do o.
a ectWe 4 between nRJu ua, L
.
cl. c,U ph"e4.
The 4tqAZP=Jlt R (P Cn L) near agucvte (Talxce 5)

, n
t: jzat o that the. nano Aai the. Poo tchaUc i om, Ex is veer ton,
Reu, ia Uc. L n and £Le 4cane4 averaged ave., the d eve l4 a;G ß
(frcdL dwz4 d4f p,, irr, th) C (4ex dU;t fe tense) d,L,
r ence- vast and -f-eA
4 Lcan t2Lj.. The ýL, n2. ýLca RC in#. e a.c Lon 4haw4 tiuLt
. the
. . .
d2. Lance he.turem PC r2 and C t4 na.. independ , Lt aý- buUv dua L
dt, P-ien ce a, a. egwWa. Cen t 4i t the dt e nce he2reen tunte4
, -thc
and. end a. Le4 na .. Independent a1 the CPQ 4ca. Le4 . The n vtwce

of- lJ. 4: .th to cti an t4 tttu ted th 749. h.

k0
 Tl1. e TiE'n 4
, LCÜTL 17,14t'%LF,.
44 Qil. z4t-l. CJtLIta!. &.Q wicie_izwen t

co lo ti. aru, /- anatq to exaiW the ný. li tcý the. Zter,

.e i cý(rf oý- . 74
ove, i t/Le put creek ae Uad oý- tamc. ALU itzn 4 t,, t-L Lded
hz-Li a lri li t4 co o. eguat to at grea t 'urn.. 60 and the
ave-uz, e caeý on aZ- . cote ýanrn
-ra4ed .i ors lra4
. 76.
Taý&te 6 4hocv4 the cafur Lat-ioa r-cW the EPQ
. c ezzto ý o& .
a4z h-Lch and 4 gnZAl con,t , be c and the 0.01 Leve.L except iot
.
l2euha t t:c.E4ia and Ue aca. the Le4
jEo-i rx wh,Lch we re cana. i.deia b.L
Comet gain oU the #heno.
o.
.
The 4Wrnpam. 4cczte 4co4e4 ion the
I"WQ Lxete -inteizcoAA. L.cvted
I. ivr_t 4. aC ta. oa 4 ccrc pha e4 ion each 4cc. Le
.e , e. ¢. 4 ca4e s an
the pat. 4c L- dn. the L (1) phase we e. canhe, Lated
ýervený ýercr, .
w-UJ . the lA 4 caned an the girt 'cce sat the ntýrr. -t aL (Z)
.
(3) and (4)
poaat-aerwtutat rvt. ýu nstýiuat, pha-ae4. The u Uic.
C-OA&eLa---' on Pt ate: 4ca. 1.e- ate 4h.airn iii, Ta, &de 7. SeconcL(.,
the 4, p2aS 4cd Le aca. a PAL the I?Z Q lire ee &' teACOA . toted
aC.,t044 7c zar cl e phczoe4 P-t each . ca. Le. a4 P. UL wo: / ýzn.a týuiwn (1)
ßaat-r a. -t V=, (2) p AZavw a to. vi. (3) ovw(. a to (4) aast-OVU La OV,t
(5) eai'_4 pete. t uwa. (6) Jagte (7). The
eng and p, %.
aacn dt w, n
ne. Utt-, Uh catr-Ca. t. ' or,4 O& a.l, L 4cU aste 4hourn b-L Ta&t" 7W
and 7(, tt).
CoA,teJ.r, U-arv4, gene {., tune Caw be wee ca 4Th the.
-in . .4
4 and the 7 pha4e4, Z. e. 4a pe an -t4 h-4h. OM a 4C6,& in tAe
then, Lji(, C nah nece air rtc,4 a caýze h-i ch on that
4r-a& duALW aat. aý the ath. et pha e.. 7h 14 IJ n4
.C ,
.thd-Lca t,e o
that Zid Zv-idua 1, uho co ýpJ ain al- Rýerzený utcýL and n en4t'wc-
4 tp.ton4 UL U
na.t nece440., can. p.La in dwtin ;t the p.a4t-rteru ww
and ,iýv*eýc.zervs uucn. Th iA dtrig. t d2 d e.c.t cons dti. an.
1c . -d .
to the dA cavette4at , aao (1968). He, ha&reveh4, u4ed a one-
o%_ 4et of. 4ca abta aed wZ h To4a / o.- the MQ.
Since the i7WQwa o Jeve Lop ed to pna vd de sisal-ce- o rten- L
. -t..
4c;rz,2,ta, tad. a the Aaace- a 4u,&o.ect. ' 4C-OAP-4an I7WQ4CX&t
,,,
ac,t044 c cpc. Le plu 4 e4 would .&e expected to &q°. Lect .t,
n to t.
The. 4C LeeinLa ted UL the cw ez ch evidenced a. Ltx ted
Haag-. a-ý 4y!mparn, in te"-i t4 4ca fan a,U 4caLe4. It ura4 not
Luuwu. L ! on 4 Ct4 to neraa/ct the totcL a,&4ence cl- an{: rýt-uw. L

sac, Qtorur a.Cagc.. £n cc ca tti anc,

rL 4t-a s. c.4 AR4u L-. an
-i,
a44u. z/ LorL oý- nohrur, L 4r-ate d- r, U-uu. Ono (17,67e wx , 1969) 'tt
Urhaut )je- mated that the
"di4-z L-&u- iono ßo4 4eue4a-1 rZDQ .ocai"
. .
weAz 40rnwhat 4 .owed becau4e. 4u, & zc to often. Ice-icy ed 'no

4.1
 expeJLien.ce Of- 4VMptom4' -ta que eon. Skew &;a4 9,te4teAt At
Ra in, bQhav iauz change and raten netznUan.
Con4iztenc cite an Zmdtcat ion oý, the deghee
to which the que4t Lon4 in the, aco, Le cavet a. gý ven aAAaa.
Such icetta&4tt eo 4houtd not be too tour (L .they cite, cLeat4
the 4ca. Le 14 too hete,, togenotu to rnea4wce coin, concept
4at-L4ý. ac o&i4), root
.! Lt would a. a be a. mL take to
. Look At
.. .
hih va. LLLQ4.9f, the
ErzLicrý. ýl, i ti. e4 a-ie vet hi h, thi4 4ugqe4t4
tAa t the a tea. cove&ed -i4 too ire to c ted.
Tc,&te 7a. y ive4 o2pha cae tents At matei and f-ernU"
.z
.oepCvcate y. The ca a1r4ewed a-te ad quote and the
4 ca-Le ,La bet i Lec t the mojan content o.- the oyrzptam a 44
. .
cLo. se a4 A044 i e.
Ta4Ze 8 .dhow. 4ecand-o&deA paatlat lot qo (Re lema-i,
con&e
1969) Ge wee., £pi 4ca eö and the IZQ weeU4 4ca 404 each
.
aymatarn 4c . e. Tho4e ma)J. ed * cute 4tznt4Lcaivt at the 5% .Leve. L,
t denote o 4tqnZALcanr-e
at ,the 1% d eveoL.
The pa U. e in aý co e.Cat.. on4 .irr. 7a Le. 8 gin - ca to o that
pe uona. tU, V. vall. {.C, &t e4 WeAZ a0 4t con4i4tenA 4 4P-toted to

4 U1Lp tam4 "in the a w-,a, o4 behau Lout: changes a tonam L. teac tt ono,
wa i &u en on and nate a#ec t. Tat the meteo au tonam ic
-cede Lon4, behau-i ooh change, and tact" . te ten t Lon. wire a.64oc fated,
? an the ma.o-t fit, catVL FPQ vaA a" when the4e accu-vaed in.
. .
the 'rpc4t-merr4 L aV' and "Zmtt 't ttuaV' ph24e.4 of, .the. 'rc.yc e".
fi o wevvt, p4etcho ttcUn and extcove&4 on ate Aeta ted to waten.
L
ne ten t oa -t.. themýu a. ph04e 4140.
/Lo Pt the jema, Le o, p4ycho-tLr2dn and extýioveA4ton weAe
can-ce. Latedwith 4y p.tam4 -In the. behWLawa change and outanomLc
ian
oteAZc#. 4ca, Le o urhen.. the oe accused ta the /ia. o t-nre" aa. L ph0e
of- the cV- e. The ext toueou Lm, neuAot Lc.1.. b and tte 4ca Leo aý,
the £PQ eoA wla ted with watet ", tens torL and negc&Uve a%ec. t
41;an4an ta. CogV, accwt4 ing do the one aen otuw. L Phu. e.4 a. tIM
cuc. Le

42
 TRL3I.. 1

S V?lPTOR SCIME 2ROUPS 07 THE 1E17STRUIC D. STRESS QUEST-1Q

lfR9RE.

piwn OATE1 , TE.rrr.Jan

QL4
c.cg.4tL ne rueigJ,,
t
Headache SLLn. d t4tdei
Cham.p4 P wL Gnza4t4/c et
, .
Backache SweXü
TaU4ue
9enp C ached and pcwv4 11EU. UE ATTFCT

- G um
CQflCF.
1URIU9QIZ Laneý, inýsa
Jn4 omn4a (4 eple aana a) fInacce tý

COMP14 on
.
Lowe4ed dud exwrzt load awl
U. f,, cwU.. conceit ¢ Dept oa.Lan
Ea44.4 dt4t tac ted Ten iorL
Acc i dent p wne
ll1a4e c,Lum4ý AROM

BCIL4L7JO1tClL, ßcf 04d At inea4

Laure,ced 4 haa. L an Uran- ExPSw`
pa Tee.LU44 aý toeU - be a;
,c
T a&- n a,!24,4 a Ln. bed BuA4,t al, e z&W
S.tatj at home.
Ruo,Ld 4ac, C.ß!17ROL
act Lu.i tL"
Teetln,; 4 aY 4agaCa tt 0PL
L"4 Cap-O i Le
Che4t p aI14

RACT.
gUTOI1Oi7LIC ORS RingU4 i n. the ear o
,
Reau taut inq
1ý 3L; einP44 , jta to tºie44
Cotd aLreat nUIVJtl s4, t, L9-ß

S-Lckne oa BtZ- d 4pV 9 1; -,W v-Ls.tan

Hot ý, lu oh.e o

45
 TRBLL 2

flZCRIZSAIM STRURRD DCU.

JRTJ411S TO) TIE PAM, RTJ4f,
COIZCCI2TF, E lRU.JOIIR
Gby1ngE, /WTOnO1n3cRUMOrts, r1{ýTERRCTc_nTSOn/U1D rZCýRTqUE;qTTF-CT S
07 THE FlEnSTYL/L DJSTR&SS QUCS
T90r1I1/1RE

llzlq S ___ COIZC BC RR OR 11R

k1 9.61 12.04 8.38 4.38 4.92 14.61

S. D. 2.12 2.94 2.83 0.20 0.30 3.92

72 8.85 11.26 7.00 4.23 4.61 11.31

S. D. 1.91 3.95 1.86 1.58 0.26 3.99

73 7.38 10.94 6.85 4.38 4.23 9.69

S. D. 1.53 4.60 1.58 0.71 1.58 1.49

x4 6.15 9.50 5.46 4.00 4.46 8.46

S. D. 0.40 2.31 0.29 0.00 0.18 1.15

PR9n CORC 8C RR OR aq
ýýrrt.cs

71 7.31 10.74 6.46 4.00 5.20 12.38

S. D. 1.50 4.57 1.47 0.00 0.76 2.86

T-2- 7.80 10.02 5.85 4.08 5.00 9.77

S. D. 4.25 1.23 0.28 1.00 1.83
1.47

73 9.87 5.61 4.00 4.61 8.46

7.15
S. D. 4.13 1.23 0.90 0.71 0.81
1.15

4 6.69 9.02 5.38 4.23 4.85 8.31

S. D. 2.31 0.71 1.58 0.71 1.12
1.40

44-
 T_ (a) Temaleo

DCU9RTg012STOR 7I C PR912. COIZC£CITRRT

Rl2D S7TU2DRRD BEAU. OUR

Pha4e-4 Path Cons BC RR OR nn

MeA4 8.75 10.02 5.62 4.72 4.45 9.50

S. D. 1.90 2.32 0.71 0.28 0.18 1.82

Pd4tae" 7.14 9.50 5.57 4.00 5.14 10.28

S. D. 1.84 2.84 1.03 0.00 0.76 2.17

P&e-o 8.00 9.83 6.25 4.00 4.62 8.50

S. D. 1.32 2.56 1.53 0.00 1.58 1.15

ovutat i'aa 8.00 8.25 5.42 4.28 4.28 8.57

S. D. 1.04 1.58 1.47 0.37 o. 18 1.08

P04t-0 7.00 8.14 5.44 4.00 4.00 8.77

S. D. 0.18 2.62 3.19 0.00 0.00 1.34

6.80 8.00 6.00 4.40 5.20 10.20

S. D. 0.30 0.00 0.26 0.60 1.36 2.94

La te-
Pum. 7.62 9.00 6.50 4.00 4.87 10.87
S. D. 1.12 3.96 2.71 0.00 1.48 3.46

y-5
 Tddrdz 2 (b) rkt"
,
LnS RnD S7Rn.DRn DFJ1.
gi1790fS TOR TI PR9n, CQnCEn7M730n, BbllRU. ouR
,i
CU1U2cC,RUTOIOffliC MACT90fS, &7R7CRRC7FnTCOn RnD nccRTJU'C RTTC SCR.CES
OT THE IZU STRU L WSThESS Q(ES75OWN RC

Phaoe,o Patn Corns BC RR GOR P1?.

flk" 8.95 11.29 8.40 4.40 4.24 14.70

S. D. 1.96 3.98 2.85 0.22 1.21 3.97

Po4tR 7.39 10.90 7.00 4.26 4.30 11.80

w
S. D. 1.59 4.56 1.86 0.61 1.28 3.34

Pne-0 6.50 9.98 6.85 4.48 4.00 9.00

S. D. 1.48 2.56 1.58 1.12 0.00 1.16

Ouu a Uon. 6.15 9.50 6.00 4.00 4.14 10.19

S. D. 0.40 2.31 1.20 0.00 0.29 2.06

P04t-0 7.20 8.00 5.49 4.12 4.00 9.24

S. D. 0.68 0.00 0.32 0.24 0.00 1.18

p4en 9.25 10.09 6.50 4.81 4.68 8.52

S. D. 2.02 3.42 1.51 0.82 0.32 1.30

. z-
PCa 5.00 4.90 15.48
9.65 12.08 9.72
S. D. 2.46 2.98 3.18 1.00 0.42 4.15

4-b
 7/?T. 017S TO TAE- p
i2-UMS /11WSTE1býPt/DDEU. E, li 111W4 SCALES 07 Tf1C
ii u cý: ? 'SOPtC?7,110?týSTý 1l,'?RJj

I CAS

_F P £ Ti .C
X1 6.91 10.72 14.00 4.27
S. D. 4.05 6.07 6.29 4.02

X2 5.80 11.18 12.91 4.91

S. a. 3.55 6.26 6.21 4.84

X3 5.00 11-36 12.00 4.18

S. D. 3.28 5.79 6.32 3.76

X4 6.45 10.18 12.5.2 3.09

S. D. 3.42 5.24 6.39 2.60

-yrr q,CS

'JLLX p E n £
X1 5.54 13.64 10.73 6.73
S. D. 2.83 6.08 7.33 3.57

X: 2 4.45 14.09 10.45 5.09

S. D. 2.59 5.22 7.33 3.51

X3 13.64 9.54 5.45

3.91
S. D. 6.28 6.71 4.36
2.72

X4 3.36 13.73 9.45 4.73

5 ..D. 2.79 9.36 G.78 3.81

yh
 Ttq&&

StLv,. w4 o i.4Z4 o-- Ua4tarice ßo4 C UaAi rrhiA2o

Saw ce SS DT z 7 S cz
CI'Q (a) 4254 3 1418 80.24 p.< 0.05
Swlrj ec t (B) 64 3 21.33 1.21 175
.
QURA u TemaieA 0 1 0 0 (iS

Rx B 53 9 5.88 0.33 12S

BtxC 476 3 158.6 8.98 p<0.05
Bx C 4 3 1.33 0.07 (t5

Rx B XC 16 9 1.77 0.10 ns

Gtth-ta 5657 320 17.67

TRBLF 4

Summcyul cl,, Rrua14424 all-' UaA ance .P.at eWQ Ua iatr .e,o

Sa wt cz SS D7 SLqýce

Q (A) 2569 4 642.25 314.80 ß <0.005

Plume (B) 271 3 90.33 44.28 X< 0.005

111a2.
e4 u 3eiw.L.4 43 1 43 21.08 p, ( 0.005

AX B 253 12 21.08 10.33 a<0.005

AXC 50 4 12.50 6.13 ßl, 0.005

BX C 37 3 12.33 6.04 a<0.005

AXBXC 12 1.25 0.16 ns
115 .
lü,Lth, in, 981 480 2.04

4g
 TABU-

COi
E. LPJJO1COE.
TTJCJC,
RTS=aýE.Pa scar.LS OTý:4 r7Cx ?EiJoa

f,YL S n= 13

IJF-F-X P E R L
I x2 0.985 0.967 0.0 29 0.885
1 x3 0.985 0.970 0.831 0.838
1 X4 0.708 0.540 L. 062 -0.268
2 x3 0.995 0.925 0.948 0.931
2 x4 0.773 0.558 0.205 0.010
3 x4 0.807 0.564 0.195 o. 034

5.253 4.578 3.070 2.430

0.875 0.753 0.512 0.405

TUMIFS

P F- R L

ßx2 0.896 0.851 0.958 0.813

1X3 0.859 0.895 0.94 0.843
O
9X4 0. c,u5 0.919 0.857 0.802
2X3 0.848 0.949 0.979 0.936
2X4 0.9_55
0.718 0.985 n.Csz
3 X4 0.804 0.975 0.851 0.942
,

4.810 5.574 5.491 5.2°1

A 0.800 0.99 O. R82

0.915

k9
 TRß

CORREAT3011 CMTT3CIF-IUS TOR DZDQSCALES OUCR4 IJCD PER90D

n= 13

rw&o _Rin BC ax 17R 12R

1X2 0.617 0.238 -0.004 0.541 0.6194
1X3 0.322 0.430 1.000 -0.396 0.3064
1X4 -0.111 -0.355 0.616 0.197 0.0101
2X3 0.131 0.248 0.004 0.251 0.3775
2X4 0.048 0.683 0.526 0.4042
-0.194
3X4 0.147 0.098 0.683 -0.032 0.4361

1.522 0.707 2.974 1.151 2.1537

I 0.254 0.117 0.495 0.192 0.3589

TUNM

PR9n BC hR IJR RA
IJELx
1X2 0.144 0.186 1.198 0.441 0.741

1X3 0.594 0.395 1.000 0.048 0.151

1X4 o. 685 0.119 0.018

-0.051 -0.182
2X3 1.198 0.461
0.445 0.343 -0.124
2X4 0.193 0.060 0.195 -0.224
-0.187
3 X4 0.172 0.685 0.333 -0.189
-0.157

1.599 1.450 4.826 1.260 0.958

7 0.266 0.241 0.804 0.210 0.159

56
 TRH

VnTERM-C COBS9STEnc' RUJ gBgLgTy

EfSTRURL
i,, DJSTPLSS QUESTIORM3RE.

/M, TEflbQCES

Pnýn 88 . 76
.

cancýrrrRnTýan 79 68
. .

MH, gU90UR
cwlnýE 72 80
. .

iuronouz
is 74 81
REACTJQF2S . .

1JATER
P.ýTEIZTBOR 82 70
. .

nc£iTýUc
RTTE.CT 69 . 73
.

R OUSA.
C --

conTROL

6)
 Tate 7 1)

CQJ.RUJU. gon CO T. C9E-nrs TOR CIZDQ

SCR.C£S o1CR CRC.I11EfSTRWILCLCLE

Tee

?ha4 e Pa in Canc. BC AR OR nh

7X2 0.15 0.23 0.18 1.19 0.48 0.68

1X3 0.42 -0.11 0.32 0.68 0.32 0.15

1X4 0.44 0.15 -0,12 0.70 0.04 0.46

1x5 -0.05 0.27 0.34 0.51 0.17 -0.22

1X6 0.19 0.10 0.21 0.48 -0.21 -0.01
1X 7 0.11 0.36 0.25 0.45 0.36 0.29

2)(3 0.32 0.49 -0.16 0.66 0.44 0.74

2X4 0.24 0.13 0.39 0.62 0.13 0.53

2X 5 0.29 0.18 0.27 0.68 0.22 0.24

2X 6 0.18 0.26 0.14 0.50 0.33 0.11

2x 7 0.03 0.09 0.31 0.20 0.17

-0.15
3x4 0.41 0.52 0.40 0.64 0.11 0.31

3x5 0.26 0.33 -0.19 0.54 0.16 -0.20

3x6 0.36 0.04 0.33 0.09 0.29 0.46

3x7 0.11 0.17 0.21 0.55 0.25 0.39

4X5 0.45 0.39 0.23 0.71 0.07 0.16

4x6 0.14 0.41 0.36 0.85 0.19 0.08

4X7 0.35 0.46 0.07 0.53 -0.10 0.18

5x 6 0.37 0.58 0.29 0.69 0.50 0.24

5X7 0.48 0.39 o. 18 0.80 0.46 0.28

6x7 0.40 0.57 0.37 0.78 0.39 0.38
5.65 5.77 4.16 12.96 4.80 5.42

0.27 0.28 0.19 o. 62 0.23 o. 26

52
 Ta&tp- 7 (2)

E.CR?90n coF-77gC-qEn7S7OR [/ZDQsCR.C£S QUER OI1£ IEnsTRURL CyCL£

CQRR.

P/ucoe Pain Can.c 6C RR ýilR l2R

1X2 0.62 0.53 0.28 1.00 0.54 0.82

1x3 0.46 0.21 0.48 0.34 0.32 0.44

1)<4 0.15 0.56 0.28 0.37

-0.12 -0.30
1X5 0.13 0.18 0.23 0.11 0.16
-0.27
1x 6 0.20 0.38 0.27 0.05 0.17
-0.06
1x 7 0.36 0.27 0.21 0.18 0.18 0.52

2x 3 0.43 0.42 0.43 0.62 0.63 0.68

2X4 0.39 0.16 0.29 0.47 0.42

-0.18
2X 5 0.26 0.06 0.09 0.21 0.31 0.22

2x 6 0.11 0.18 0.21 0.46 -0.47 0.03

2X 7 0.17 0.13 0.35 0.06 0.06

-0.08
3X 4 0.24 0.67 0.25 0.20 0.29 0.31

3X5 0.10 0.31 0.10 0.14 0.55

-0.14

3X 6 0.22 0.29 0.04 0.17 0.01 0.49

3x 7 0.12 0.12 0.28 0.16 0.08

0.31

4x5 0.42 0.03 0.33 0.68 0.25 0.38

4X6 0.19 0.02 0.04 0.26

-0.31 -0.28
4X7 0.14 0.14 0.37 0.19 0.14
-0.15
5x6 0.59 0.56 0.71 0.43 0.46
-0.07
5)<7 0.27 0.36 0.28 0.52 0.12 0.72

6X 7 0.44 0.41 0.49 0.78,

0.34 -0-32
4.97 4.85 3.76 7.18 3.49 8.07

0.23 0.18 0.34 0.17 0.38

X 0.24

53
 T/1FJI 8

PI-ZR73RLCORRC.
G'L7300 T.',YEEP FPO SCO, S AnD l Q, Sr Om SOULS OM P
O12CC,Lzcr

1YLs n=13

Pan P ý_ n .c
Pzemw,
ný.t tuc-L 0.065 0.311 0.046 0.615
m,.
e t u.ca,L 0.060 0.198 0.201 (1-637
Pow -rýnýa rcca,Z 0.001 -0.145 -0.045 -0.070
9n ten. ^iený uca t 0.156 0.372 n, 276 !?. 169
.

cons R7PA7.
on
Pne. cý1, 0.345 0.195 0.007 0.084
(ýervýtýuur,L 0.216 0.24 6 0.041 0.124
i'aý -rte a uýa,C 0.061 0.004 0.034 0.003
7ntehinprt. ý týucu,L 0.0.20 0.012 0.124 0.042

cI T E.
BGRvaauR
Pýý,nezt tu.a c, o. 250 n..nob -0.024 0.333
Irtenouca, L 0.131 0.299
-0.276 -0.087
PQý-, ýtýu t n 104 -0.127 -0.358 -0.258
ýn,týiua, L 0.041 0.048 -0.244 -0.629*

R 7OTOR3C RERCT9ORS
P4enZn4t, UW,L 0.129 0.420 0.163 0.158

rt t. 0.369 r)98 0.303 0.019

. IWZLL -0.,
0.353 0.117
Pa4.t-rnen4-t uu-C -n"539* -0.024
0.508* 0.503 * 0.501 * 0.443
an Lehmen oattu Ll

T J17 0fl
lj7IlTýR RE.
' 0.253 0.413
PLe,,. ýuccLC 0.269 0.392
0.675+ 0.558* 0.445 0.142
Ptio-t, o. 68(,+ -x. 551* -0.393
ýt -0.001
9rrteýucenýuuLC 0.587* 0.663+ 0.598* 0.255

nýci 7auE. /iTTýcT

Peer ný iua.L 0.278 0.395 0.226 0.396
0.2,35 0.212
me"4tA"'`ý" 0.353 -0.012
0.385 0.009 -0.068
o. 075
Paar-rýaýrtý uccýC
0.122
ýrripý. ýrvoýura, L 7.174 0.12'- -0.224
ýi c t
cuz at 1% .Geue.L
*4tgfV ,c 't-t at 5i'ß tau L+ai rLi.
5y-
 7/zW 8

P/ T-qA£ COPkF-£A7.
IOIIS EJJ'£2R £P Q SCO':F.S R!?J? PD,
Q Sr!l71'70t: SCALES Ouc, '
ORF- CuuCI£

77fNLES 1t = 13

Pft9C1 P E. L
R
P& rae uut 0.007 0.020 0.007
-0.090
-0.067 0.3 03 0.2.24 -0.452
Poi -rzený.#ýu J. 0.128
-0.208 -0.369 -0.048
0.324 0.296 0 . 059 -0.153

CORCLIZT1
RTlWn
0.423 0.328 0.0G7 0.236
0.080 0.014 0.018 0.039
0.006 0.007 0. n09 0.057
0.214 0.271 0.146 0.026

SEJ
Uv.
gouRcy n
Phern "tA at 0.142 0.237 0.091 0.497
0.118 0.094 -o. 043 -0.081
P04t-, n9n,6tlcuct4 0.557* 0.030
-0.049 -0.176
Ontpan,Pzju ýuu
.L
0.048 0.298 0.3?5 -0.046

r JC EJ r1ßns
RLLTOna,
0.000
0.000 0.008 o.262
G1e4tAut 0.320 0.113 -0.095 -0.105
0.476 0.503* 0.499 0.492
0.348 0.489 0.269 0.149

riR7F-R P= TJon
0.610* 0.184 0.106
P 0.403
.tc. 0.027 0.064 0.085 -0.160
0.050 -0-071
paar- . -0.353 -0.512
onteAnen4tAvtaL 0.317 0.076 -0.396 -0.015

nE., guE. RMELT

PL 0.3 94 0.112 0.724+ 0.660+
0.141 0.224 0.550* 0.159

j
-0.012
Poaý-rrpno,tz,cuý.
C 0.307 0.026 0.163
0.077 0.303
9n i.zen4 ua,L 0.157 -0.348
i,, Lccunt at 7ý ,level.
at. 5% &ue L 4ign
55
 rleunýs ýaýc.: th.e "ý i,: 4cr1Le oý tJv I2eývstýiucx.L t7vý ý0 4ceý t i.arv2athe ion
Lem (
n 7La and Te a.a-L" (---} f-o-t the ? uwn, llterwt wun, Po4-tnten4tAtai-L
-tcrtcrwt
aui 3n tee WJL4t Ura-L Phc-ises.
Pnerzen.ý-t1wa,C ý.tý' I1
ý. ,

13

A ;7 11 A

.`ý.

43 `t "7

Poa 9n te'zJ1en4hic xt,L

u--.L

1;t

2 ýi.
3 4 5 6
;F ýa ý
xa
ýFý ti ý ýr"ý
ýýý
 'fECU ýý ,! cho: ýx Cori ýf? -- --- l
r; o rv, is v ecuýýs
flew ßi2 i. Ce $GCL{E'A pt I2Ul Lte Sca-LC4 ý-O/L
and al, PA O- 4rL and
(--- Terza.Le4 (---ý ßat erms()
and on the and teýzrr lrýs (----)
fhterzer tAua L ? hale. fan the- Q1erwt viert fie.
Y4 ß.i.2 I 1"
I"
ý
,: ý.

72 1

1
'Jo

61

e4 4

ý2 21
E ""
PEnL 'P (1
r7lecuvs? on PýStcha ,t rn, Cx ioveJrý-Lwt, llearw ý-ot p4ttC wt. t-ire, Ext, uvvw-i on,
newi.a rL and £ Sca,C4 '. an Vat" 1lewt tt n and te Scc..Lp-4 itaii .the
(Pa) !(lat,ýý () TenxLle (---) an the
and 'r,c.-Late4 ý, arz .the and i
74 týuuLL ur.ýe. 14f ýn teýiný tJuuý.L pl e
1

7.2 / "\
1ý 12.

7Q ý \
t
ý
\

I"

4
ýa

2
G_
p E n .
ý.
157 '
 'Y einaLe äu - i; ýan- caLP. 3- a the
j; ý1.Gý
. ýnn, -,
ýC'.I L3ýJLUaCEý JLPA4_ ýita {1L2
12.fL[1. --- -__:..
-F-r "-. -ý-ý = ýI/3 "-...
-- - -' -- -- - -- - ."
_.- .---
ýý t
r -:: tt :: ,,-N -
_.. _. _---

Pcz4J.----±
. """--"--- --" ----. - ---
-----.
'-a

1O _-

7,7
ýý L-. ý-}_ "ý - ý__... _-ý-i_ r _--"..? - '-Tim _ý1.
-f_. ..___ _I_}_-ý-__{- __ __ý'ý . _. _. _.. __"_ _I
__. -. -. -. _-___ _ _`-ý---ý-". _. _._.._:
._..

._lýL
1

"1

I ---- .- -- z-

-44
Men, ý
i ß1 ý :-~ ' { --ý'.. -* " .ý
ý I-- ý-y-.. -T. -- - - ' - ------ýý-r---"ý
-` . ._y,.. .... _ . -i- ýý -J-. . ý_______ _
!' _
__. _. ý.,.

as miito

yf-- ý'-ýL'-. -
111 _.. »;
_ 'ýr*-"-rý_-,
tj

8 J7,

-i-r TrIT
.ý-I "_ _

-'4-- --
I--..

Men.
Pen-
v__

y-, ý.ý
.. _., ý, Trý.
 --- -- -- --- -
i

-T--7 T -7F7

i
rý- 0 %*
.
1
-1,- T' e- C.C.
f tonontc
-f- --- ;

-` P.Gw-LAA
ý-- ý-

rr_

^"

- -- --- ----- --

yý
- -- ------ -- ----- -- -- -

rfierc

rte.

ý'
, ý.
.. ý ýý
zý
ýýý"_"
 -1

17-

II1

00
.

77

I
--r{----
_ _ :. J

mai- `T _ _... ý - ----`-r=---'_ýr- ý. __. ý+ - . __.__ý.

_ýý _ :' "`-`---'rý _. --- -------- r--'----'-'--- _-
_ ý

pee -_ __ -_ ___ __".,. _, _

------------

-- _ __ _, "- . __.. _ r- .^ .ý ' _ .. _...

-'_. _.-_"_"'- __ 1 ........ . _ý... __. -ý.... -_.... _i-. _.. ý_ ,-i. _ý.. r-ý_ý. _,.. Y. _.. -T-may. --- _ ý-ý-"-_--___.
-.. ý.., -_ý - -

---i
... _i_---ý. -r ---
-- ____
- --- --=--_ --- -- _-, _.-__.
.:_- ---- - ---_.
_ý._-. -r--. - _-
---

_,»..,, _.
1 &-L&4 na l Fý ouzt,
7'.
.
l2. L. !Mean. -o&
. and a /owt weck pa. Lacl.
Pýrýcliatiýrt Cxt zoue-, 7, jtorL
15 C1 111a-Lcr4
" Lia L 0ema. CQ4

14

erý

5 13

4 12

3 11

101
PmP ýý p

Gi ps
l e-U,
tQ i, 6rz .

ß`_ 1c
.

1, /

9 6

1 5

P" lT
j ?112 DIII
I
ýýýCý ýý7. ý'
ý°Cf
ý 4 ý',.`t gC('v(pS Q, ý ý"ýýt2. ý2. I2.iJnJUýý ýu-?.9ýalt?. qýd :ý':ýýýiLOY2+'; CliLJLE ý'Oh
(Z. 1 ( .
ýOýL )
ii -+ 212 G! 1 ew" ---

S canes S
r7:
ea4tA:ýUoa 7'o4t 'e., : Loa
15 5
16" -a,

14t 14-
I3 tr
J
13 JA .:ý
nF

10
º

12 P'ý-au 121 ;' wlr ti Qn

-ion.

11

lQ
9

A 4/23
4- 5.

62
I

;7,ka tos ',:.1:f 4,:..x 4cale-4 a-° hz '"cam. Ju ri L 7r,.4,f, ý. 4. a '?ucýý=Üianrr a.U e
h ;;cctL( cuui Tee LE:
a (--)
,ý

Ttq,
4# vdli

S GO%L_.q

"
10 10

Ole

35a34 40 S'
-ý
Cade i'ýce ýu ii
' .

140-

v OUT

13

i
!O

"ý

63 1j #s??? #
 CaIpcÄ mar a; 'ItCL -" cu cc TQ ;'uL CA
&C44

"pct,!e.a O
ý,9 cz 0
10 ýrýlco

1.

ýz3456y
ý'
i %*ýý. rý: s! ! :ýý- r .: xý,sit. `ýý.
*" "-ý. _.
iý. _
ýz "-;;. ý,-.,, .ý:g..:: r ý- -----: i
-ý __
_, ,

ýid 2_ Caý.c. '2 at OTL

_ca7.

11

1o1
9

z3ý. 567

b4-
c e2

±fit

All

b5
I

I0

ti
 XISCUSs.
70123: 5

4aq e4.ted that hathen w

wtto oun .tota, G di. o %Ae444ca. t /
d.eve-U cvie ýcejwAted tV r,1. " Qv
a.Le4 and f'zmEv eo an Tom, 7 o4 the
ile"tAtla.. L D- t 44 Que Uonna tte. Iii a. *ptng. the data Pt 4
Ah e4 and 7 plu .de.o gave 44JILUah 424u tt4 and tt i4 Oat e w4t &W
.
tfat the p ene l4ttumL and menöt'waL me=. o d %e. ed /Jwa the othe t
.
mecui4 on the neq z'ea. %.ec t4u lr4cafe OM4 & n2.Le4 and 1ernateo.
Tian Lczted t to the tm4 aý- the t that
. . men 4tud4, -thin rearm
the can i,bwt1Lon of- cF-& ph"e to mood and 4umptorn vaAiatgA lj
ntat,t are .Cow dreca.44e. c, LcLe phase ha4 a weak f nzA Lo i.a L neLa Uan-
4h. i.,m to mood; e.14 To,=7 of. the IIZDQ, used .i,n ih2
a4h i an f-a U4 to Uec t the Zn LnZnce oc cycle pha4 e.
.e
One ý,
zaý on ph aJJiem .&v mexn.#-cuaL c V-tp- 4e.4ea-cch ha4 to do
wi th, the vati ctU. rt of- the p. rtc otag a.L. mea u W4 U4e-d,
pair ti cer,Cý when the ae"a4e o u4ed a&e 4e4-Aeßoýr t .iaven to'VLe o
thtended to a 44e44 maodo on einot loan 442te4o lohen .ouch 4e,LA-
.
,lw-;w t4 .ohaw Jt tLe an no change one cannot knout 10he:Ph" i.
.it . a
betau oe h ace ia fact no cV-J-e-lt¢ ted 9uc tuo t tong the
-t. -te. . -in-
m.o od .oto to o named an the qu e o-t. onn t&e, an wh.e th e-t .the qL "t-
.Lan w2. ke tt4eL4 Fntp
o. Lüt Hatt an adegt to do
nneaacvice tR-Z7z4 a f-
. -Lo .
tn tzArrwL on con Av. t vat tdi tri.
Rna e t. r,ae,#hodaJoq i ca,L p cab,Len has to do with qwup datap:
The u uaJ- ptocedwte U to u4e ave acied data ý,Wm a q,tcuia 04
4 ubhec t4 to tZ4t. .ton dt ýee an, the P4y ch ad.a qi cc2 mearsu
a-t. pnedete4mZned p.a.int o oý- t4 cS,cLe, cza ahOLJI . in the pe oent
.th.vea-tja i.an. Thin d,o4e4 a %ood dea. L aý, tn. 1onmat-Lan. and ma..
ma k. a cjc Lc effect cuonk4n¢ air, accu t4Ln9 ia ce. a i,n ia
. 'd uid aLa.
.
Some peapAz maV. exf22x.Lit Lat e. c is 4e r, and . arme, none at aU,
tut gonmut-i an a lout do 1tvidua-L dL ewi. ce o WZU be 404t, .thtougA
.i
the uoe alt gwap data. The di4tA Llrutton aA cecc, & pha.. ea auw44 a
,
Le
"4amp. o14 not Uke 4i to
. be eq ua. L and cetc & teng2h4 =4 vat
.
cor4. idena_r 4 broth #h{n and ire tureen 4u bhec#, o Lao kdnq at
urd, .
between paA-t L ut" pha o e.o of- the circle ?w alte
.
io. Lo L 4Juj
pAeue11. t the 4ecogn t-fon ofý 41gsi.. L, Lcw t p4tjc .ca "h"""

that to the
n en4 tA4uLL CJLC& ion 4 amte 4 Uqe-ct- bwt
. no t
ahe he) a
'o4 a tt Aaa to .c:rauw e te4ea th de tgn t waLu Ln a ama l t"
o.
lren be i.a to fan üwe4U9 o, #.
fn4 the
Hum aý awtr ec to mercy mote apWtoPh .
dynamii ca a? that op.a f Lan a- 4qdW. Ldud[o In cuhLch dedjii tann.
4
#.
4c. wce ? epo&t d.

6h
 Con t4a t ini 4u-UA nerioA ted nom twi
., 4 e.. encptzVin c
dW, ten t r,rz hodo. Logtie4 have diem 4uc ¢e4. ted a4 eutdence
-R o4
the ope tat-Lon o.ý 4orce kind or- aU A.&wUon-ca on 4teJZeot&p2ng
p.tocz44.704 exwnpLe, con4ZdeAaiTie d i4cteparic Leo have been.
,
noted iretureen 4e. w4p. ec tLve ýre,W&t4 o.ý U uat aen4 uuLL
4Vmjmton. atod aqc. and oajoinq dad-to-dcu. ýcenont iris oý
4VmptomZ-to, C0g4, Pair tze (1973). 9t lures been noted .that no
clean w la, on4h La .Lo. G. e'ved between the-e- rte" owce o o'
MP-rL-1btia, L e f-4C 4.
/. Lthaugh rte .e no 4trJJ Lf2can t chant iz a rin te[2o t ted
theýia
.
4cnptomcLtoCacyy ac-t044 e on the J Q, 11? ade4 . caned
con4i4tentLcf high" than ýnale.,s. The on. 4 4 OP? U&4 ca, Le
.
t I42td f-e tia ted a Le 40, n ruaLe 4u x e.
c t- kraß WCt eoz
jtar
4e tent i,on, t;ri h the a,Le 4con h i.gheh than the a at" acho44
1
aU t L-,m peAtod compa&i4on4.3t L dn to tInr that even
.
the p L &a4ed
ioiogtca, 4rMr tom 4 th4ca-Lei did act dioM i-
ent-La .e. nwLe4 and Panaie4. ThL cowLd 4enve a4 aa: in
`. 'Lett
t doa oit ku lyde' 4 (1977)
con,/, ivLma, where, .
Leve Lo f-
-t ,
trepan ted pa in ura4 exceed Gy. expec to t On. d.eve. C. S-Ince .the
LJ ec ta4. n. t4 d
4 u. 4 ure. to pero v-i ded artth -in.conp, C.
e i nf-ahrt-
.ou -t ..
a tLon fce.g4ýn 4tttdL. intent, .h i4 in W7LLke, 4 to be, the
.
caoe. foxeve4,.
t dig ado tnteh"-t, trq .tha..t the negatWe. afe. ct
gca, Le step-t"erl tin4 qcw p tarne that have been -con .Lde"-d
deb, e. oý- .-2 Ncemcnot u.ra,L ýrrsýön: dial na-t &euLt to
4- qru: -cant d:i ce o betweesr, as e and jema L-eii.
Jn co,npa&iaq the 1tatin. g4 of- the ýe, a and nuc,Le 4u 7Lje-C4
in tA, 1 44LL4, L4it d f it JA t to 4p the P4V CJI
a.La gi ca, C
. . jt -Lfl
4iA7JI-if Ute,
canoe of. a di. f.?P-P nce in. the. ab-40)-. 4t 3Z OA the
4ca. Such ad if. nce caudal be the neun oý- a pon 4e.
Ly.
. La4: rn z .e-i in L. h t, A)& whatoevet car1.pd ex .teaon o, he
#.
canw-i4. en rco&e Like-4 to ne,opoad with highen in.
#. ¢.o.
On the 4 ex d r.geýr ence r- ch,t mean that ruzl e4 4ea ld cecdo
erpe4 ence the. 4e 4Vmptor24 to a rcoýte 4eve-te extent than warmen..
agz, tn, howeve2, what ice aý malre ,LnteneAt .iss .the co,tl.pc 4orc o
.
t4' ttxc IPQ
Mat" and na Le ju qec . gA oý- peurpta. n ciuanr ".
&M41on4e-4 4hacr that lteerna, Cpo and Mat" gtVel 447L,. 4 4ep.oh t4
o4 the. kind4 t o r-c-MA.L11.
g, a4 /&Z. 04 the
a4f 4 ynp on chaa7c
women. ate coace. tned, b4o-te and duA..Lr rcen4t vizz-t i on,, and
A& Hunched tine.
the rnen, dahin4 the

68
 Oth, t ea&chen4 have aL4o Aowtd tM4 (G"Zaa., 1968;
phenonmo2
Pa2t. ee, 1974). Since the &e4pcuuea o.& the f-emc t" to J tL4
4-tuI4 axe cogaa uL&.Le to th. a4e. a.- the. 11004' 4arzpte4 -then k

in glt be pe tfwpa ZrLt e p42 ted th 4i Uevz wac4. Bl,IT .Le the
1 is' orL4e4 da &epce4exz t n-go U o.- p&erwrwtutmL tenon,
.
,
and rwjw-t w- .Cd 4t. th. m what do the ntate a' Ae4poa4e-4
-/ý4,
4p-pent?
lPub& not. Lnt/1044-, G.Le, Lt iss ex ^e2 un UkeJ4 that ta
.
arte ca4e 4t to c on the
gue4 ti onna2 re atce .the u- of- OrLe
/4 to-Lo; ca, L/ph 4o Loci ca, L rech n t4am, wh-Ue ,Za the o he .
case an en t tere.Lc,
ý cGUP-tent mechan ts t
rt ap ena e4 to ¢W e4l UcL
.
4"U 4.
Thee. data tend oup.,
po 2 to the h4pothe4La that
. .
nuz41exp. eýr.Lence d,ýeiit torA aCJta44 tine
-Leve. <, Of, 40rte 41Vn
4e la ted to them rzp-"t&ua L cew2e., bat mean- teveZ P fluch.
a-,
.
4 pto, n /iep. afi. #4 wehe not denon4 d dint f oa th. oae
4e.120' ted &I, rcatched Made 4h ect4. fcan L4 4-tccd da
Data
. .
no-t .hrip)4 cC UC4: yin Leo an acvctF, c 14, in na-L", a- the
Item
time 4 pan and n n&e t of- ob4envat torL4 weze, .i a4u Výt.
Pep Uan ove t .two an ,none cýc, Le. L needed.
The pctte m of, cow2a. oa4 he tween £PQ and /1LDQ4Ccr,Le

4CO 4 nevea La fzZ,&L,.. f2e. x & 4r-olce. 9.- we ghou-Ld fand

thatt, th. o4e PP-OA&. who ýzeAc ta ce-, tata a. oun t o/L d-i the o4,
bath plu tc. cLLL4,1and meM LLit, also 4ca2e aJ.Tave the n04A on
the Pa c chat iC 4n und f e.U O-ti /l 4 caCe4 of- the UQ, We. ca utd
.i
a44ux, m. t the expzhicnce O. 4VPZ tam4 L4 nat ccu-4e.d dn. .the
.
phr4, ica. L di.. ocorgo t at that pi cu vz 0f the. cº cCe, but
-türre ,
that troth pain and concur, a.. au t pe. v aditc rzoad char eo cau2d
be. thdtca Uue. of, an un4 t& Lc pe t on a-tU. ;.
The. &trLdj nepa ed weite that,
ocanes an. the
/. Urft,
.
£PQ do change the 4 ante Cook4
oven week. 4tudy. peA.-Lod where, ,
at -in UU i duu. L 4 cow Ton 4 anae ,in d-LVtdua. (4 th. ene i4
.
&i,
can. otde t , e- ua4, (xZiZtt
Lcr, with 4ca&IM attZ&-l u.. Gct a4 MaX4 04
.
5 pain tý ton. the pnenen a tlcuct to the .int"^te"thuat piuue.
On. the o hen hand, fh Who ch &e fined 4.t LI
J.
. e ce weAe 4co1W,4
t -touuhawt. Such facto -
a&e a. aaa On ai n i. f2can. ce ßo4 2
.
tp-a4oa4: 1. The Ld xef, &c. t a. noad czccte t. hLch. L4
, - 4r-OAZ4 cou,
ß: g1'-4. L (and P& tM4 a404), 2. ? zen ti om aý
-irLi. yithi .
chouped data Lead to o.
con.. de uy2.Le d -to&, Uon, wheiie au4t-Le.
can.
ch'2fl ia the tth1y4e undeJC iavemt4attoa ate- acc 2ncr an
tea , va,

69
 urh.eJie a corn- e cha cac tei 4a t orL a,,P a time pe" tod/cVc. Le
'. equ t ed . 9rL th h
i t-t (,7,, Lt rz4rht &e Urdoset. a 4tLL4
. , .
in en,. tue-4 the 4hdtvLduztL -teaction 012 C. a,nad.L 4aap Le o -0
.
worw º, and /ot m &a thvt
rr., i= coo gvivuiU4at i,on4 ?,wa
ca&.,j-Lased data.
Second, 4w& ec t4 la m.tý 4annpLe With 'PAP- e"t UUZL
d 4t, WA4' that a de! -L, te in.
.L 4Wt1jeCt4
who 4hom i-. . c4z"e
Ln nepo, 'ted 4V ptomcztod. opr dutiaq this ph" e, aste Leight4
. .o
Ze44 ne.unoLc .h an. the ' avenaq e-' man / won-v.. The q2o u p. Frith
mode W to to .deve e mzrvdt&uza Ldi dt wA. o haue a endencc to
h-, qh 11 and P 4cone4. Iioweuen, aste a hLgh ptepxonde. 2w ce
-the&e
04 higA Ti . cone .
!'Line o; the `LUteen men have h..
Lch IZ
-
4co., te4 Urh-ich aste u4uai{4 dart act cthJai 4 accon1.pan, i.ed lr Lqh
.h
P 4C04" s.
Ondc- knee of- thi t teen worsen haue h-Lgh R4 co4e4 and
-the
thec j do not haue high. P .acorn 3t, i4 4,n teh 4l. -L12. l. hCt .tMe.ee
.
o-ý the worma have /itgh Ti 4co4e4 p4gnejutAkx tt. t wh-Lch drop. -to
a note, even LeveL, an.,--e rr tVt i.an commence 7au& a4 the
. . "
men have cite h4:XIJL 12 . cote ove-t the nowt week. p. ad, urh ch
then ; z44; tILt4 4ugce4l. 4 that an iad tduaL'4 ryu, di., p041ttOM
to lZe.w o-t i c.Z4,n cou. Ld be
e-Laced to .the fAequenc,. u and 4eve4Ut
.
of- wuw. 4wrnp toruV-l c d-vsconv cart wh., ch he/4he. mark expzA ence a4
the. u-Lt o-- the meng iuczL c c. Ce, a- fat as the woven aae
concerned, and a mood ctc. t e a.4 .-at a- the rren ate conceuzed.
Some 4u, U.1e.C d.Ld have a .Low R 4co4e and 4.. i U 4e.pxoAt a
node. ate to 4eveAe degwe- of- p eii ittuU ten s-. Qm, th24,
.
howeve4., happened tequentJvj in the 4UJJLeCt4 4 ed. 'mon

tAi4 t £4 nea4afl& de to
4u)22o4e that pony lact Utt
t. oA4 ate.
2n the : oLo¢r aý mefv4. t4LLa-L 4yntp tOMZ to. Laq t, a4 ? apt
-invo-Lved e
aq the Butt £U £4 act. P.044-Z. JJL.
e f om. lh IE4
women acre cance2ned.
de telur Üe the dvicec tLan the ý ýti orih, i ß. O-t
'tud&J. to of-
wou. Ld apnea. e44er t L
La. to haue 401W- ind-LcmUoa oý vßova L4

-i is when.. mae. a=h on the rnc"t C

UZa.. cVc-Le £ be LW
.
conducted; hobteven, tt doe 4 not 4ee-M tLL
/2044, e to nea Uto
-t MLLu. dua. L vani, wUan- £n pews ova 1Jf 4 44 iux tw ed bij the mea4 t4tL -L
$ecau theZe £4 gheat uaAtance amoru the. 4uýr ect. ý,
cycle. e
tendency £4 a pooh 4l. andaAd aqo Ui4t
an. rtea4utte oaf ce. .
indi-v-Ldua-L- to 1.t ta pattern a; irrer4t)u a.L
wh.Lch to cL"4 .4 . -
naad cVct Ui,;.
The ra Lo' Ltyc Of- 4tucU 4O the fl & 4tAVXLL cycc-Ce.
.
(Pa e., 1971; bJV caxan, et a.L,
ahejwin naa and aý,4Ct uc. a cte4
70
 1976) eve, e a.,2Loeled ptocedu te4 cahich tavotve eanpaAi4om o/
plx4e means an. agec ue- dZner Lon4 in a, mannet -jZ%-Cat
. to
the p oc?- u.&e enp L.oVed i tlLt4 t
o. thj.. Th.u4, 44 n a.t
. -it
4u, tp, tAin,; at the ittcan4i 41 e4 of. %1.
epo ted ncl'UL[ O
.c -

1 tarn .the pmt- have aqa &L been nep. 12ca ed. 7he4e thcan4-t t-
en c Le- appea . to ZeLato tP-44 to the d. ck 04 cy,c f. LCa.L
tf
va, a#i, t i tlý (JOnlfl4 ' exp.eh i e.
n c e4 and mate to ' the adeq.uczcy
-t. .
oft the made (4 used to ttep e4 en t auch d -_eA en ce,o . ReswLL
fAon .t/w4 4t4dip denan o ed -dort wh. Tatre 7 Of- .the, fDQ

.ice u4ed to taa dja& zc to tj4t-i c hV Ui A.c mood pa t tel n oven one.
.
iner4. t, uuZ,L c,, cLe, .auch df. races wetz not ex/-iced.
koueve2, &id-Lv-Ldua-L d4'-e&znce4 anon. the. 26 4u b ec t4 Wa4
.
Ot also ura-s demon tr ted tJiat mei+, expenLen. ce rood
rLa.ted .
-Cur tun ti oa4 and -dort wo en4 - no od4 a lw- neither aoýr e non 4."4
plied L to lr.Ce than.. thoae oý men.
la vc .4 to 'Town T oý- the [cMQ, de4, i p ed to
.it=
a-LLoar a urorian to de4cAZ&e heft n-,, L4t. tua- c.VC tP- 4 .ptom4 a4
ahe ., ex p. &tmc & then on. the 4)OP-Cf LC ' on Wh-ich 4 he

Wi we 4 the ¢Lt 4 Uoan a, Uae. Mean d nce pnocedu te4

-ene
Lrh-.ch cLLLaru ion 4W7. ou tcome4 in t. dt tect Lona. L
pAo . . att*&Lq
dLAPAeJLce. bot. not P4
4 ate pItokal . g o-i ncj to a LLow the undPh-

4 and ir4 04 the core xi tV, oý vaýicrfti. ý.i tý of urorcen'4 W,4jzon

Ra, ;tenn4 . Than 7p when cuped .tn. #hi ýaýh i.on, did not
adegLLate4 nea teen t the ,tan4 oA dt P-, trace o .im paten"
oZG4e/ved.
Chen da.i4 lagA a..t
cottee ted over a nea4onch"J pe,n,Lod
of . Lae, can. it be derwn r.t
ted .that uron a expe. v ncüx¢ noAuna. L
kc..&4 di4ptaV. xh.y tfu2i c good ./. 1j tu rLLon o? 6Touid 1o vm 7 olt
the £WQ be a., le to F=, Uon .such dwiWe4 oven .tJr i4 .t lae
ße c,iod 7 And 4 womza ex rtc.e ,ouch chariqe4, atie ,thee no4.e
ex. . na -than . tho. ted
4e tepo . bV When. ?
What lures av&, en. on the 4-tu4 ut de4c tibcd iz a need
to te4t the
4en4-U-i. v and p)ieeci4, Loa oý the rnocUped 7'o- 7
.
or- the l'k,xw wLL A4.. 44 Q "-
t Loruiai&e and U. o uti. U a4
a aea4u, iag. ins týcu t
en on a dad. . cast Second. 4,
-to-daa4 .
o.G.
ta i, uu; d da, U4 &e-coad o./_ the fz. el ing4 and mood chan. cye4 of,
, .
a 4i-,u7, U A csautd en trig one to oJr, e are the
qio LI aA peop. .
extent to the, 4u.ppo4ed p4-e7Zer4tUa)- and me'14t-tUa, L
urhtich
d be 40- d to be rhood char e4 and not due. to
41FULtor o cou-

Rnem-a4t, LLmLand ner t&uaL d i4 2e44.

7T
 The m qot 4tudc.. to be ou Uned atte7Lpted to avoid the
pi t1a, Ltd ol, pAev.Lau4 p-4ea&cA .h ertpCorr ing the ntod i /. Le4 Ttt7
oý, the IIWQ to p-LLow a 4m Utp, ouß of- m.en and women ove t two
conoecwt i.ve ccfc.Le a (60 dares).
Ro the Jý,ý 4.tV4 &evea, Led peA40rrat-bt, ý&.to p-LaV-a
4' la the p eßt
cep t i. on aý menWtJu.
w. L 4 t
ynt/1.omat o.Loq
-tote ,
. hr- £PQ waa a cUn u. i.U5zd 4m andeA to give an tnd-Zca-UOn Of-
pe4 ona Li ty .

12,
 CHAPTER4

S.tu&I 2 4. ;1

Suj- ect,

10 nen and 10 warnen urelie iiec, v.U ted adue t L4enen t4 an

-tlvcough
na. Uce JaaAd,4 in. 3 t4Age Z4. f. itwt Lon4, (a wi2ue V, a
. .
, xatVtec/uu c and a. ILa4p U. a.L), wh.Lch teque ot-ed uotun i. ee to

pa 4,t Lc i.pa to .tn, a. udya an. pýeisanziZbA coa4i4 tencc.

The cdvco
up. Way ibzt ted to ap.pa n..t. C+. h.ea-t th trdiv. f duad4 whop
a4 A" a- the warten wehe cance-u-1. d,
e. w, reAe no. t e4-i, 4 can duce tue.
pi U4. Tito lrackjtound data an the ta-ta 1,4anp. Ce ate ri ven .Ur.
.
Ta Le. P.
.

PAoced lw-

A1,te, t exp e deaiA. e to paAt2c. Lpa.te in the 4tAI .,

.oa
each 4mbl .ect )cece-. veal a pack a-C 60 fliea4tAtt .LD. v t W-4.
Que4tLorvuz-& eo (1,WQ) and 2 £enck PeAuoaal. Lb,. G&ie4t anna-Ute»
(VPQ) with &L4ttucUaa to date and com.ptete .the WQ dar4
dal, One EPQ to be ; ed out an the
1f oa the, a4 ,,
tece2$. wa-a . -U-t
; Zut dace,a4 the 4 tu.dck and one on. the La-t. On Le
concp. ti. on.,
the 4ubdec. #4 LLT teque4. ted to ne twvt the ¢a ej. ti onn. L
a.. 4
e. to
.4
the adS&aA-ca tiVe O%4C" s wd t,hu n .the A place OA cvonk at 4tu4.
The exact in4 t ,=c i orL4 g2uea on, each pack wie a.o P4Law4 ;
"Enc.404ed a4z 60 Town. 7Q uest On.'lzU ceo and 2Qa? ttan-
n.a,iAz4 emit, EPQ. Pd ea ae date and campte to one
Tours 7 and one £PQ 722U. The&ea4te4, PU in one
Toxin 7 each day wt. L the dopt da4 when. you 4hoc.L.Ld
conp. tR.to the . er-cad EPQ.
To e i- was Coadi4tenc4,12 wawl4. Ge he. L121&a 4 tau
LUOWLdconzpdzte the /onm o at the carne tore each dcu¢
to t. oun fee at that time. Do not
poruUr . .o . `4
Zook a pnev i.a u4-4t f U. Le.d-, U ¢uea an ta-t 4-
to. darf., do go gack. 5t L. . pa. vtant
iou m, i a .
that the a.i corpCe ti. n¢ the
ytowc ncaod a tüte
i4 teco tded. Aeaoe ded t ven
que4, e
Lc.
2ed t Lonis te. 4 to Rd sin U t-t a#t on.
com.p. que
Thank stau veW 4i fan c.ocuL coop tLon".

173
 7o e 24tL4 con i denti, a,Li 4, qu AttoflflC. ULeo areAe coded
.
a.Lpha be.
tLca 4i. Pt the derma-Leis, and numeA. Lca t. ion the
M Lei . To. the Anate4, AzP-)Jene to avi4t uta t om wa o, a.
&alz a- po- Uie, educed. Ort each quz4Uonna tte Anzte4 w-te
. .
k theca expected a pz lt od t Zth ih. the com in. 7 da i- on
a4 ed -ti.
t4 .thecj. had expe-&ieaced a pe'2od In the ptecedLn4 7 dacj4.

zý
 Rn a.L we-4 4.2

Each iia L.ea L pp-.,

nt od de teAm-i ed dort
-4t-UL¢. t; wcr.
4
hen. da U. 0 4e4-AZP, 0 t. OM the 0Q. The . Uwe-st indr cated
.
when.. ohe ara4 exjer-tLmc a mad, when he wa4 ac. ýuaUt

merwt, vva-Lcg,, c& had recen t- expe 2enced rie wt4u a Lon..
Glen were (Pn
a44tgned 4ta t tot ca, L pa4po4e4) hStpo-
the t Lca, L n P-Jl 3-t.. v A-, cýLcLe da44 by. nuztC. iLLl: 7 then Ldom4
..

WZ& a .ferur le4 L-&ec t.. 9n, ondeh to rucke .the raw 4 cam
o.lr fined an a dato, necoAdiag coapata.. &Le Aor, i. dace to darf
dw'i2n. the e tt Az ex pe&,&, e t, theta we..e carcve,zted into T-
. .
(a
4co4xA va-t'a- on, oi& the 4t'; 4C.OAie at 2- 4co're).
The T- 400made p044. f lr.Ce the com.pa&Leam o4 the iteco&d4
ojý each 4u&Lec t du In t the pha4e4 of, hen men.otuia 1. c clre
w-Wh the, ne coAd4 of- a.then au lr ec t4 duA UL the z c4ctR4.
. ,
The menus, 4coýW.4 cowLd a.(eo be com.
pa4.ed with the womeri,ý
9n, on.dý to a44e44 #helt
urhe. nvaoct4 Wctuated ýun.
. ., a4 a ct oa
a-f- the pha4e oý- the mert4t- aa-L cr,Zc.Le, the 4CO doh each o;
-
he IIDQ lac ian4 A& each da5,ý haue been q-,=ph Ae ted
. .ca44 en
A each 4md W. i dua, L and wW... lie p ound
-Z und in the .4ppcn 21.
The mearv-i and o.tanda td devia aan Mart the. MQ takm
. d . . .
oven .taro conoecwttve cJcLe. 4 (60 da44) At ma,L4 and ýe a-Le,
"e- ohocvn, irr, TaJ- e4 10 and 11.
.
l arv4 cui,ä 4t 2d de-vi Uon o pt the Ifl 4ca.Les try
.
each ph a4e of, the meno4 aL cycle ion c VV c Le o1 and 2 azte
oh awa is Tali 1l (ffkzLeo) and 13 (T'er
. .moo) .
&n and 4tanda4d deu ono ßa4 each bidie i.duat on. the
ß1ý4 4ca ion c. tc Leis 1 and 2 de taZLed in the 4 d 1.
,o . are. . n. x

Eje ack P4 onatV4 Q uest Lonna Ue (EPQ) 4 coa"

emco&ded
on dwt. I and daV. 60 Pt ma-L" and .tena. Le4 at 4h.awn to 7& Le
14. Ptoduc t nwmcni co&. da.ttoa4 between dais 1 and da.. 60

., on the EPQ were- conducted and these ace ahourn In 7&iJe 15.
.
/Witough pan tiai a -te4t-2e te4, t .o-i tucvUon, tt mw4.t he.
4e.n ,Ge4ed that .th. e4ic t4, neve,. the. Le44 /za44V', U t, i. o
,a
change- -bL he 60 dac, (c hV. f wertck, 1975; not to be
44=ed
q-&e.a tc W-Li 30 day ). Th t4 t4 ampd c amc to
r, ., on 4Ubr e-CA4
have -o, to the. itc on i. qinaL dept e o, heut not Long emou h
. .a .
ion ancd. 4eA. Lau s pauorwUbý change4 to have occu ed.

u
Except ion the P dLot Lc r4n vathe 4o4c the na Lea, ad,L
.
neZi, &. J.L(,t t-LeA a'te h gAe.,t than -thane o.- Cyenc% (1975) who
had one non-th i.ntetuen. L g. Jre are-= te-ti
. .
The bt gear. d i.g fence to 1je, j-ound be jeer the taro
. -va . .
Lt e 4co te. co ALa i ono A& nen and wogten. 4epa ite. 4. The
d. i, en.ce ice not 4tgn. i, Aiccin t at the 5%6'Le.ve. L. Thetaone,
.e .
-he'ce aAe no 4tgn LAtcan td ence. o &e aeen anij o-ý .the
conne La -Loa4. &U the bid Lviduu. L co&AztaUoa coe,! tos
t
ane aJgJl-Lj can t ((cnjLCe 4iP- . code 70 and neLe P.4ycho-t ic ism.
.
4co ie 79) )A0.05. The othe- ae 4tgn i Ur. aM. p. Q. 001
.
. on ýena.Le. and run. e4 con- fined.
. ngp. ec tr on o.- each v-Ldaa L'o da i, 4 4c Le 4C.O e.
-&vL . ..
J, LuzAuc ono and the ph"e- rrean. o . -on cetcte4 1 and 2 neveaC
Large w.U. in aanpte- dd. ý nce4. R- can be oeen, U. could
. . .
be gurte nuziead2n. c. -to make. 4. ta tenen t- a &ou t nerWtAV a.L c'c, Le

nood 4h L on the ira. i4 oý- the to. ta, L ghaup.

.
L.
nen uwt, v x and men t to L me-aa4 wet, -- not, 4tgni. 4CZZ
dtf!. hert t Aorc the .& ae nen4 L mean f on the nta Leo on, arL4
oý- .the DIDQ arpion
4ca2 Ton the Tema p. teMvl4tA"L
. ,
and ne n ttaa. L mean- d L/ eJCed 4,Lgn i. ýi can U,c .{pion the 4n teh-
ne.n- tuca-L the hod l owi ncý dc Leo : Path 00.5; T= 5.4
nenn on.
(d. L. 2: 27)., Coacentta t i.on p. ) 0.5, T=4.1. Sahav. GouA Chance
,
ß)0"5 T=4.3 (c.. c. Le 2 and)., Gfatet ten, #.Lon p. >0.01 T=8.3.,
.
l1eq i. t_a, ». 0.01 T (cycle 2o nd 4) R Zo u. c2 /s) 0.5
. ve a zc z-8.6 .,
T=3.0 (cycle 1 on. Lj) .
Co&Azt ti or between cr c, Le 1 and ce c& 2 Pt the. IWQ

4co44 ion naU4 and Prraae4 aAe r Lisen to TaJ. Le 16.9n

the Oa4 ion the Cana. eo, e pec. ic. Us, t . o/c pain,
¢eneAat, coAAeLot .
Gehau-i, otvi change, watet pie ten t Lb and neg. at Lise. 44c t,, a'te
.
4tat lAt-tcLL4 4tjJl t,f cant and h-L,h, ji tCat ir4 drat
, . inne
1 a.Leo .fend to con( in
wogten rho corip-Lcz.Ln 04 Ay tptomm -ire, ccjLLc
in 2. TheAe xe& co tedaUOrt4 Lon nen
o/ 4ynptom4 cz. c-Le aye
CaUon than. ion Thy d4
and nah nolce ne rat the con 3 wogten.
T 17.: There La .. Loni 1-0&
wed. L .U. l sated th ab& ate. no co, e.
t, P4t cJ-e5 1 and cycle 2.
Le
nua, 9 L,e rec.m tep. o. ed 4V, ptgruatod, ogc cy,
To,, raat#o, a, 3,4,7,8 70 them a .e. negat.. We. coo t La.t Lon a
and
ion at Let. ton 4C&& irIAd Lca t inc i
ewj. eA ence O 4ynp tam4
-. one 4 np
Le ion &wt the the4t. Repotted
UYU&.. Hut t'. 4 ca. one cj cLe , . mot o.
ion the IteruzLea . 14 rt.one o.tAZ&r e and .theme ace.
4Vj,jptonato-GoW .
Theae W4U Iý 4U e-4-t . tunt
an2t .Wa ne. re cOW. t.torL4.

76
wore-a -tend to cc/2p)xta of- q. e&at4 con. aL tent .oS+atomatoLc¢V
cope one me"t&uc. L. crcLe to ana-thee. koweven, -h e ze. rc4 &e-
.
4u. &4tanAt Z,(. do teA-c1cLe va ziczlr.Ld i tc, a- na-ted k 4e re to Lo .n
iwc4t, Uj l
;, aA4 ((o t cha, Lk, X apt=,
La, 5d et and 1zUnget, 1962;
-
i2ore and Placing, 1980; Pl!a;P.icAd-SchZU, &Lc 1980; SwatdJ
, ,
1981).
The 4eve tt* o-ý Aepa.2ted 4 nptar4 o/ dt4t&"a d trL% the
P& the. 8 u4
p ter .n,4-t.trc2 and man4-t wmL pha,4e4 . .occetptort 4cct
an the. !!
1X2. f-o' ruLLe4 and ýe ate aho rn in 7&J Le4 18,19,
20 and 21,22,23.
The .incidence and pýeva, Cence o4 p ie an a ua. L to wtan.
.
d i. f-Ucu. Lt to a44e44 a4 . there na Oha to d LU LCUn Line
-14 . .
be tween mUd and pi. L t ryaen en4tAtuLJ, chancey and the
.i- -Lcan
4eUc tY. o,ý -. pAzmen t tuc - Kaareve-t, fZon a pe-tu ,a1.

a/ the fronen. .. chant of. naod fJG.u tucrt oru, JU wa.- hound .tfw, t
the e wem 4 worm W&a. oe icad e acofie change-4 would asptox-Lna. te
. .. .
the Ct"4 ic Ca4e oý h4h rtegcz ve a,P.. /_ect p tp- zen s-tnuc. LL. and

m.ea4tAt aL41.. , (8, C, H and 9). R2ftd p umwn4. tu aL ten4. ian

. -14
ex/ýt raced .G, 4 U, ec tsF, . and y. S.i ni to t pattevi4 cute
te. vea, Led ý-o t4 alt the nva Le. o (1,6,7 and 10). To& 2oA
. -the4e
au bjec ta, 1 and
10 negative a. ect 4VA/ tar 4 are, endaued Stan
pet inenw
mild to node trte .ton 4 as and aa.L ph"""* Tan

4 Lec ti6 and 7 mUd n.e; a1ve atf ec t 4ýkap taruvto. l ar c -Lo
2epa', ted ' pýcemervý iuu .UC t' but t=&z"e. o to m.ade4a-te it on &jec
du, t
6 and a ionic 4ub ect 7 dwt. Lruc the 'nen /th44e.
Itan -t121-L'
9.. one dngp,ect-d each defýe
.4 nptom 4cate 4epaAMte4 ,
h-
pat-t eon ile g2n to eMZ e. Q z. the. il tlL A cote a-U . nQ Le .a
.

ýect. 4 ends-ed at .. ea,'. t one aýrnptom. ion .the pnemeno . tn and

the mw. t uuvL phase. 9 out o/. the 10 nua, Le 4LUEectd
.
i. l.
4Zn a-214 &epoh ted at 1 t
ea..o one aýcmp. tom. 'p AAMen. t4AU 2L L' and
. ,
.thect a-U teaaated one, 40=-t, ineo MWhe, 4^. 2tanU at the 'merL4t4l. a.C'
ph44e, though t be rated that 4 Aru, a-e o oiepo- fed c np4
-t 4h.ouid
but nod one mate expe.' eaiced V-14 .
&t iez. < t. orte 4V p tom -. tom, .he concetvtna t e:on dc-OUP-ait4c-t-d
9 of the perra, Ce, 8 off he lei ' pA,*- natu. ia. (. 4' Cxce$. t
and rur .
fan two, the jeraje-i pund tjat tAzt conce. ntAat2on ura4 nvUx .
2 npa t e.d p pen s-u. at4, .o
LcrA7bj. ion the Mi. Le4.8 awt a- "
10 Praý anal 7 a.- the na-le-4 exop-, u enced md2d concen -Lon
def, Lc f t4 'r e.n4.:t4; ua Utt'
8 womem &eponted UeJmv owl chance -&. the p nLenat tU&
U L de. ßo4 4 den Le4 (C, T, c,
phase. Thy nano eo. ant a rn. ee
gA. , a.

77
 and g) .to tiode teste and 4 iong .ot the o.the z.o (6, D, k and 0).
5 of, theoe women p. tce. ued therz4e. Cve4 to be Le44 Le
. . . cap&. r. and
expe enced a Lower 4choo. G and / on Fronk. pe4onmance dc U4
. .
th is .ie. 7h, i4 4tatP- oý ag-a , &td not peu. L
. -t once
meno uu t i.on con fenced and oat4 one Arza. Le Aeao2ted a
m.odena to dea te to 4.ta4 at home / to bed. 7 mien.atepor ted
drehavtou, t change of 40 e deocv pZ.ian. Su4e-ct4 1,2, and 8
appea,,md to coin.p-Lata ý_aUUct con4t4otcri-t ach044 the tZ
period. Ort. the otheA hand, aub ec t".o 9 and 10 p. en ted a
-te
d en tprc tw e as .the4 endotiaed ma=4 oý .the .Gehavtouz
change 4VAPtom4 to
a node&ate and 4t. ong devme 'E rw_n-ith, ea.4'.
APJe. 94 (- &epvrted a p. Ud need to take nap4 and dta4 in
bed one creek .La te, c, drat 4u4 tec t 10 no .Longer fitted hii eU
on .him 4ymptom.. 4caLe.. St tong and dhan tLc 4 e.port o,ý .oc,
+.
mptom o
/Lo,. nu 3 and 6d AZW the. 'm en oi L' ti=
ar. p,e -od
-Lei
ZidZcate . twit Zfws wao pw1xz44 due to dd{n. e44 ta.theA .traan
a pha4e-Aziated m.ood change.
The autoaom. i.c neac. 4caLe. detected in tJa4 ca4e
-Uon
4 /ema. Le 4UJJ ec who 4epo4, ted mUd de ee o olt nau4ea and
.
dZ,7,3in eoa p tzae u-tuw U4 and duAtn% menwt z. ta t oa. Th-44
-L4
ap,pz&en. t. üy, common amongst ravmen phone to drr omeno &Jw ai .
Rate 4u.Gxeci 9 ,tepoA&e U, 7,3.i.ne. and n.au oea I pAz e wtAuaU4l ,
arhtt tm cr.Le 9 exp ..t e.ncecd rwx4 ea which 4 upßo r ted mit vi eiu that
the 4e 4u.Z7ect o m.a* haue been phg4tc2LL d,U. at .th.. 4t t=.
/Zea)t.14 aU 1enuLCe 4u ec to 4epo4ted oVMp.ton o 4om. V le
.i
waiter Aeten. Lan e (9). Expentence ol, thee
.ocal. . .o znp2oma 4eemed
to be wow p er,Lew. t tUC 4, .Geconth4 mode.-ate and 4itongg ion
4 w"ornen. One woman.:.(C) 4hocved m,U.t 4Vxp tom.a to. Co¢ pnernenat-
Auat4 and continued to do oo at men t uatLon. U. te na-t. ve4,
. .
4ubjec t7 &epo&ted no e.xp Ateace oL wate4 4 .terº. LOfl. 41, p20rZ4
pnemerLO uia l. Cr,
ý, bat endon aed them to a mode/cu to deq. ee duAing
the me 24 utn. On.JC 2 mal e4 &eve fed that 4k in d2 o tde s (2)
,
t
and weir gh gain (4) 1rothe ted -then m tdt*
Rate 7 ýu%e teal f_&om. wi, Ld we IgAt gia. n du Ur4 the. 'n 4t-uur, L'
bane pha4e.
-t
Au the 4UGý Cto expeUenced mood chan.cyeo (cu
oý .
nea-dwz.ed bra the n.ega-f ive aUe. c t 4ca. Le), aW ougch theAe WWI
.
va 4t .i ndLu dua. G d L4e. 4.ence4 u.4 to the exten- and m acni Lude
.
of- the char qe4 and .-herr pa to un.o. Theke wa also no

1ß
 evidence that men, 2n paA t:.cu-La4, di ced La he. LL mood
po,tteAnZW on the t43 of? mood jcatz 4r-one. 7 of- the 10
wonw 4epo&ted 4 ante deVme o-ý ne za t i,ve affect du ng the
Evicýttuwn, conf ta. -t to 9 oA the male... 3 oý the
women, lucted thus ed ue n odewte to a can. on .oeveha 1, oý, the
ae4at, Lue 4Ac t 4WIjitc (B, k and 9), and iw&Je.c t£ has a
.
4 iorut uhge. to CVL )2AA=en-4t-Wa L i.. 'Foci the. r. en., h.cwe.uen,
6 (1,2,3,5,8 and 10) endoued to / t i,ve
node. .o ions nega
a.4ect .oc;rrptomatoLoqy.. DuAir4 the nwg4tvUU, L the &e- weAP-
wonen who 4e.poAted 4yr, 1., atoruLto, Cog.c. 4oa the negative a erect
4ca, Le, who did ao. t do 4o dmZ the ptene"t&awn. Thi4
U-&L tee the. d na^t c oho that can occur A On. the
, -t. .
pýz erg ucuz .to the iie.n- t tua. L pha4e &L florae wann. 7hi4
dtd rat apßecvc .to happen .Lon the men.
R ceh t 4jL ru t`e4,. of- ma thd.. Lca.
ted chea4ed a to u4 a,L
ea .in
at glae t, Lf Lc pe. roch .th .owi owt .t ne., but gelw.-= 4 ruLLeo
ma L%t4, n.ed a con4L engt and h,i th d eveC oý a. wu c2, &at th.ry
Io4 t PMq #tV
rz, an /ee..
tLn y4 aý- we.LL-dreZW and of ec t. Lon
.
pAzmen.o hua, L t, .Ge. corn2n4 node ate .to 4tion4 ßo2 4orte.
7 ac the wonm ttc w-"ed aexu d e4 Ao/d&, ve4 during
. -L
aca4tava Lon; 3 oý- .theoe warnen, had not .th.CUcaLted the-4e- 4eUaenm
pcenen tu Lt4. The que t on a4, i.oe as .to the expw-44-Lon
aý- the4e 4 exuc. L need. (4 . )it
t4 what .thent ate) In thoae
women who exWUenced n'.en.etiua, L d.t,4 4. Rice the-4e- d4Luc4
Cz.en &adUii 4att4f-Led a&, 4 (, eA LU7.4at. t. Aý. LF'd, tA the ýJL tAa Lan
. .

oIL .ouch d Zue-4 exp5te. 4-inez .te. 4 thAOwh man.i .t.a LorW dry.
the p emenot. zua L/rnen.o.#Auu.L de? ?
The coatho L aca-Le, de4tgrced to nve. a4 uae ci.Z thwL ztton,
ap.pea,ted .to do .th t qat to wre .. It ne f. Lec ted the cano.tan-t
coap, La to i n,c. oý- 4ubt e.c tB and Vet teveated the umi4=4.
4VXLPtoruvt o-Cocy o '. in. dn, e e' and ' IWZIr t p,o uncU,n,¢
47
expo tZe ced . br. 4 th ec tT in the nen thug-L fie. The-4e.
.
4yA7ptorz4 wette a.t a meted frig 4wLi ect 10 (VI).
.
Lach man'4 / WOIL L'4 .to. ta, L d t4t, 4e oa . C04e. OM the RVQ
wa4 ave4acyed ove t the two cVc-Lei. Mood ah i.;ý2 w Zee exam tined
2n. teizjn of each Lnd Lu..Ldu U. oazn ba oeUjie; the. 4co4 we-)m
u-ied to cycoup . the ow& e. c-t4 accohdtn¢ .to .the. pl44e at w""Lch-
.
the tepon ted ihe, Ua towe4t, e. no4 t dtithe44ed, Ph-4.. c -14
, . -i..
and/on en o t-Lona U, ý. Suqec to were qwu ed acco r4 to

79
paA,tehn o4 4epon t and the ne.oud t4 care 4howrL -En Ta.J-Le 24.
That the 4e. nepo Utre y. 4 a,G.l e Ln thawn &V.the
aice pie-La.
act that a woman who ß.a t4 Li to a )znenea4tiua4 Len. Lon
. . ,
q,,toup. dWWi. cL the I-Lut cgcLe i4 r,.o4.t U". to ?.a 1L dato the
game ghaup. ýo4 the. 4e-cord ad though &eAa ace 40 te.
excep, #.r an4 to th i4. Rat eve, v woman ex, nce4 exac t 4e.. the
. ,
21tamvand to the 4 ane der ee each month.. Th 4 wt. LL
4a /,7P-4r,1az/.
be 4hown when 3 examl e th de ta. U. each the WiduaW teao t
-Lag, aý, qVn Lon4 ove& the two month tine Lad.
pp-,
Rpant dort TeJn 2e T, who had d ow ryien)P-"true. L. d te4. o,
but, h. LgJL man twit d-i.4 4, ad, L o-the c warten. ire cee cafe - 4. tent
to that, L, they e-go,&ted Cjew n4 cw?p t om4 pherneru4 and 4,
Lhe4e 4 Lnptorn- mniathed Loto men4t4JUZtton anal to the 4a e
deglcee a.- .seveA tq. wheth A high an Low.
Ac li4 ien t v
pat e... eme. ed ýo t the maLe o which tevea Led

LoLaJJ 4 d,i f,,. eJrPn t 1-tac tu zt on a. Swlýec to 3 and 10 had &tlA

'PAZm,en.4tuur, L d.14t4e44' and co oonddng2it h 4ih 'rze-nA-t ua. L
,
d4 4' to The.cow te4poc vt- 1,2 and 4 had Low
'p erten4t lLa,L d tie44' and Low 'naen4thu -L d i4 i, 4' .
,qnothe, t gAou,a 5,6, and 7 exile ti eared -Cow 'p wrýý.a4t-t u.L
d,i4tA, e 4' and h qh. 'r,Len4,týuwd. dL t-iea4', whenea4 .ouJ ß to
8 and 9 had the. neveLOe o& Lh24 and showed hý 'p emzrl4t& a.4
.
d iva' and tow 'nix tu. iaL di4t wAa' .
TheAe wtti 4a(,,.ce-oL the exLLence o.' . eves{, dt t Lnc.t
2on. Thee each only "ze/vcýýent. a LL
4recr,
cans evLa o aý- 4 un.ptorr4.
!Uumihen aý n n, and cane a.t ); et and: a c' )-re-con-, d e)ted 4bMbLe,
in. heA
ail t .auch 4arce a-ý then m,Lgh t ap.p.eatt a4 e. q tau/vs o

The concept4w i,4.ation t2ua.

äA ncer24. L cc,.c-Le 4y=A. tomata. L09q.

Lenrtm oý- 4ý^zptoa q, oap. t4 can4.14Lent with pnevtou4

-tn
(flloo4 £e, Gdetl7wzn, 1978). OL wa4 not the abed
-e.. a4ch anal
o . thw4 inne t Lgat2On to Lent f4 4PPIC mptarn q-IcatM on
,&.
tt The I-UUU1 . Jia t the 4UZ echo aAi. d4e4. eJ t ice the
.ou . .
t. L L Lch ßh. 4 4ea ch. q,ive4 to the inptom.
p- c-Lila auj pci wh, . . .d
Howreven, L and woman. we. e d`Llte cen t
quh "Lded. eve. Jzan
the 4w&Lrpe a0t LOn waUAd be dnap wpAtate: a 4u bLpe -im/ : es
.
3n Lh2 con LL Lo tmpo tan t to note that -iA
CLgAourz-th.¢. ttext
the pte ent 4LudV. 40ne 4u&Leci4 do, .indeed, a? pe" 4 M2a-z
Ln U ted In 04den 40 i, LL" uzte
. the zeaoA, ýgmptorwtaLoc eý. ,

co44eApander ce...... .

$0
 -between 4U,& ec, Ve e con teed apt
.c
4e zc ted 2, Lvä dua t4.
7.4 4 coawAed fema. Le # wWi, Peia. e T. They. ex Leenced
a va4. Le 4 of- 4 rp tam ^rý týwcr, LCcý and dw'z2nc # n4 uat. Lon,
,ö
gene L,L.. to a r. Ud deg tee, dxwt they both neraoýrted rtodeA2te
.
miau-ccl. ryý ns uiaL2zj and 4.tAong. a au.;da,L dwz-tnt .the rnen4t .wm.
The nAtd moae.w. te negative ý..
ayý. ect, peakLnrt the aen'ithaa-L
-to -Za
pha, 4ei &;a4 not ruitched &r a depvee.. i-ion th 1-104 e- good, ao
t
-i =4 J2044 ,& Le ? on a woman, to ? -e)- pcth-. ad ornat arr a.L d L4 t WA4
. rut aP-{_ect".Lana e wh.i. {. o.t rt Pný icccýtink
.
74 m /. o& M.sC.e4 5 and 9 tauea. Led a ve 4.&-,.,U patteAn.
SwG had an e Lena ted patt 4r-ate ?..a2 'p vte W,/14t-taa. L' and
.ct9
irre. twa. L.' p_ha eo which way w-/ion ted 0.4 genera 1. achea and

R"
ft g n, tyre- en-ted a cant at a? ma.Le4 C and 9. PU-Ld

coacen to toa de fci to a i-- expe&Zen.ced Gei bath. t2e.

i then
, .
nepoAted nega.ti. ve. a-ý ec t a2 a.touoat. 3LGr4 t Lon 04 4VMAtarz
.gint "i tr, r urarm 41104M. e. the ,tepv t a? m.LW exp 4 ence ol

4 ptonat. a.La iehav-i.

an pa in, o" chance and awtanom.. c Weac ti on4y
..
drat 4thon,; U;a 4eten U= h 4tth Lec t C. 1) -Upon ted 4tALona
teei
paar, . &eh,
av Lou t ch ige, au tonor neac Uorw and can to. L, &ut
.c
-Laararten Mten t arL t
4VPLp Orn4.
9 L.. a conpa&. o nraLe e1 and 3 and ah. oca4 an o ve w. 1,L
ca -M4.. enc a beha r,Loun ove4 .brae ?.on each 4nd i vtdua-L.
Sulrjzct 1 4e.p04t4 4 of uh ch cute con ,14 ten t
j eel-t nau4ea
on. onto phase to he next.
.
tq p cor,.p to s ma,Ce 2, urha does act exlz UU2 cy:cl i ca L mood
41J.L1 , utttm Ue. 10, uho a)2p. &ox-L a ted the cLz .tc mood 4h.44
ion pAP-, t4aa L .te i4toa (nega t ve a. '_ectp vmne At wxU and
duýtng ren4tAua tLon).

,V houg. h i.
van ou.4 ore tlihd. d -ate avattab z P'. the de tec- Lars
0.4 ce cle. 4,4eve L au tha d have pant i- aced raa.Le 4e.xw24 .Va"
on the. .&a4t4 alE 4tth. ,ec Uue th pec.t. Coa a4 the data 0ß&u4an,
1965; 74nat-L and hankaZ44,1967; Conk.e4 and £x..Lec, 1968;
,
/2non, 1970; RLh.L4.t&Snt), and conaequ. en tJ4 ryt"en: ted ao

ev oa a?. pn.oJro. G.- tcz. of, e4han do neachUiq .a

cormtAt4"ion4. luve ado anal. j; zd the cvr"ent da, a bc.
.1 , .
4uVect&re in4pecti-on, Uwt have to addi. on i. apt L,
Led .the
. .
Ld.
in olt va4, fance. Thy an a 44 4 in &c4ed on.
Ito. anal o-iss .

vrl
 C. 4 w-44 crn made.L:

4/1 (4) vs 4orip- unknoWrh p, Lod ic AL ctZoa anal Lt vs the

. . .
ervt e4to2. on dad; t which .fig aý Adoa. Hanna- deu at-e
r a4u.2er7.
w-Uh a mean o.. a- 2 and with. F"F4 La-dependent ov dar4.
GGuleýi th i, o mode,C tt fit:
-r'4 expected
A- +'A _A+ Zp. =
.........
ian .=1,3,5......... t- p..
3.- we dot A= avenarye %t, A+a, A+2, a..... ) t4en one
can. wse the an.a.Lcz4Li o.- va Lance to & the vah t a. ,UL
(L 1,11 93 LL5..... ) aga in t the. ye Labtt. U (Lt,
arnoac. j. along
+ a, t+2, a, .... ion each t.
77,.e i.ocedune, a4 &oAnutated, t" ? a4 a 4p.erLPed
mad P. U4ed tht4 hton to t¢4at a W2. cc c U. z.
-in. i&Ot
Y,on P= 10, none of, the 4uirýec t4 irr, the 10 had a 4tXJX.4.4can t
,
mutt, a4 wawtd be expected )-rcV.chance. Tht 4u tr ea. a
tJLmt he p Aedon.. n an t cucc tepz. Lad £ not 10 darjs. TM4

anaLz L oA traAlance pnocedune &ra4 Vmn u. ed to oecuuh Io"

.
the hetcctcCe wtVL pLod he. een 4 and 30 daV.4. B tht4
r .e JLod 2 rtq..Le4 (7 and 10) tre. e id n t. Lý to have at tha.. -t
one cy cLe c-ign q_tcart at the 5ö .Love...
The U4,wAAan t que4tLoa whe theft the cýc, Le izrL h aA the

mu-Le Jndeed mate 1.e,e that o/ the 4ema& can ono be. a Owe.
.d
-in anot i4 tu4 th which aq tea z, nuri, Gez aste 4t ud-Led f on
a fULch .Lande .. t. ine .opain. than zepoued here. Such a 4tu4

would al oo gteid node 4,74o4natGoa a iow .. the 4 U_Z ý an

.cegu La'z-t o.A ac cCe .in aru given .i andWtdhLa.L.

The next q e..o-Uoa that afi i-e4 L- whe ther the occw - e.nce
,
o,- ph 4tca, L tcru (paýtn, autanaa c . eac 2cn a and waten
dV p
amten Uoa) dig the 4eaa4afL 1a4 the -n d W- d ia.L'4 expeA-14nce a.-
a-the.t 4Vap ta, . The ? act that the 4Uc. c ts utthau-t pa -a etc,
n.eveWu Le44 ends e czd2 k tnda GA 4 ymp tom4 ,a Uhc Loh 4 arge to
aw A42
j? ¢ccencu, Ohaj4 . that snit aJ .these charc¢e.o can be
It
expvt fenced u UJLoU t Ae. Uir z. d.aw phrks. i.caU 94 14 /744-t& Le
.
Via t in the c"e oA the d4u. Lduat taho com pt th" oý 44ion. ¢
patal woealwa. ten neten i on.. sVrrp4OMatOLoSý, this d Ut"A4
,c
e- a-f,4ct Erzpa.
L Le to, 6e ý.p. Lt.
c.a"ems more neq. a . . .
ftri,a het aO44VJ LU4 44 flan. .the expevierice or° ph ZCa-L
t,.0r4 cau4m
4Vmmp, as exphe4440n, of. conceý Ortes U 411L" Petari
the Ln ttLp p. '4
aon. exp t,Lence oý rLCAe P4t¢chaZO¢_
'in . came

82
 -LcaV4 bcwed 4t nri tom o.
9n ca4e the d f. to I
-tii - i ce weem
the wo e2/raca who conptata o.- 4t tong. phy4tca, C aVi p toi and
-th 04e who do not cawLd be iaAge4 ap, ana UtV cha taste UAttc
,tcr then than ad iýýce the ph toizrz ca L p.2oce. 4e öo the
-ia
cycle.
The orb a44oc. icitLon4 J- eeen rzP4 iuaL 4ymptann4 and.
the peuanaiZ&j lactonis te4tp-d ace 4ee.n in Aa at- on to
Rewwt c tern and PPqchoUc 4a a4 Tuned J.rýk the F,,4enck
p.-44ona, Ut y Qtr At Lonna Uz. Repo ted Me l4tAUZ L aVrrpion to. Lo¢
A& l2ewtati ci. on and &Vcha tta irr peen ted la Ta &th4 25
and 26. The h eLl&OtLcJm. and ?a cha.t..Lc m. 4ca to wa4 added
.
to ge,::he, t to ee whe the the pnoýý d eJUd Uh
w. 2eßrau t.
.o . . .
to the Gject' 4 ¢eae za-L t
erno. i ona, L 4 V2i The !2 vat-L&. i.Le
.ou, .
tn, d czte4 the de. &ee of, d on¢.. tem epnot.Lonat a ta1r-i,!; U4, .L. e.
,
Ln4 A. 7 (.U. L "tta.. t " ve Ua. o the C tAUaa 4peC. t ph.er,. r1 t&ULx L
,.
i4z t a,& Chic. ".o te" The n va4Zs Le dis de4c tVje dah.. nzh
.
when ißt exceedo ot e .at 1 (wh.Lch appvtoxtha te4 l.epA"en t4
the ex tease q uvt tuz)
.
Rcco4ZIzcc to (yoenck (1975) the natute P (P4qchotdc )
. oý, rn.
vcvr. L&,. Le can ono be c uea4ed at at the pent tinz bi the
L ¢izi of the itea content of- the va Lau4 pa4t4 a/ the 4Cate,
..
and the expeIL%PJl ta, C 4 .wL-Le4 cc &4, i eed out. However., t
.. mae.
be u.4e. -u. L to t'u, k to cam tuuzezte he pec. wtL 'z. #avouh of, thi,
.
p---,norw.. ti, tpe. "A h 48h 4cane2, mac. be de4c. W&ed a4 beliu
. .
4aiV44,6C and not caA- ý 4o& peap-Le; he .i4 orten t-oubtz4one.,
not ýýa; th aruwrhe e. He mxuy be cAuceL and th/i. u ane, tack in¢

th fie and eapa th*, and aUoge then en4tUve. He i-d

.
ho4 e.. to ache o, even fLi4 oGrn U t& and Un, and agq, c 4-ive
even to h-L4 .Laved onea. lie ha4 a ..f2k tng. I?on odd and ural4uaL
J, and ad ateis td ion dang et; he Li. kz4 to na. e POlsa aý
to UpAe-t then". (Fc enck, 1975).
athen. Reopde, and ,
9n 4ptte Of- the. p4(lchtat't, Lc natuxe off' the tee
(fle.u wt c m. and P4 cho ,14n) u.
4 ed, arut the z e,Vjtxtnce
to hen t4. LC conceryt4 , d. t n wt be eph. a. J ed that the
o p4 V-h2a
F-PQ de.a. o with nansu-L behaV-10a S whZch .became ýa thoJ.. o -i-caL
to ex to um ca- e4 .1 ýiýh P kro ted d nt the
or -i4 pane"en.
be. Asa Ta&. Le 25
ea: # e gwa tide of the S ou.p. i%< m.a.W. .peen
flew otLct orn.t4 ' na, t a44oc ated w-Wi. ryen4 c a, path.. FCOa-Le

B h04 at Ja IZ cane and a h. 'A P 4coýte. Thee 4cone o 4peak.

43
 La ay-*ne d
ga4. n7, ii4 wascut, a4 erra t Lon at, wvsta Le and
. .-avawt
p adre,&,b,ý ci 'huh -.eac to t' , L. e. an Zmd vtdua L who ea-t4 en d4
to expo 2c. nce a vag et of. 4irn, -v=4 to a h-tgh degnee.
144 can be 4een fhonL TalrLe 25 tic have a .Ga .e pAepondenance
oA tow l2 4ca4,4 awn;; t t1m ;Cer,a Leo, and a iah4e. aun eßt of-
h ist. 11 4co&e. wtoaq. 4.t the rzle4.
Dysmenar" hoea. L Lc4
expo ttenced Gei 4XO .the ýz a, to a
moderate degAee. It t4 maxZ a,L on the da.c.. the pe Lad 4ö
and can ia4t 2-3 dac4. Xm4tu ca-Cpain to dt n t, , LcanA4

co&, w-La ted WL

w. tA&it Jx-L r). and dePAP-44.t oa.
£.L. ht o.- he na-Lpm exPZtLen. ce pcýirt atunptamaia. Loq r. to
aq ea. teýt. degAee than wam.en and with rote aeve&, t, . 7..Lue. a.-
theAe r&. Le4 have a ve,, u,, ht ih fZeld w-t.. C- ,S. co4e.

b-Le 26 qh,a i14 rrmenwtiu rL

TcE, rt jatouý. ta La t and ?4Wchat ic i4rn.
.o
3t can ke 4een M04 t o.- the 4utrýEect4 n ta. i.n an even
-that ,
-ra, tance between /ZecLa rz and ?
cho-ta ct4n. That t4, i. ý
.
they.. `h i.qlý an I2ew. a.Uci4rr, theý 4 cote "Ugh"
cone an
P4 ch.oUc t4a; iht4 wanko 4-Li 2(ahly. UrUh.. law 4caeA'. 01,4L

i. f Sian z .th L tern. Tewz-Le ff Le4

.: We 4 ul: jg tt cf 4 pat aad ruz.
8 and 9 ace Cocaan Ti but h. 4h. on P. Su,j ecf t and 8 tcco d-d
.
pain, iJVLý z(ri. Liýu,
ý and depw, 44 on; dUb&Ct 9 ne,UaAted pairL
on.Lj,:. Tar,,. t eý and matt 3 4coned h..Lgh on Ii . rut tour an P.
"Fenate ; exp 2 need pterren, ati, ua.L .Uvi to, (.ýz,(,V4 sind de.p' on,
bwt mate 3 4eca, ded 4VPptorZ4 ac4a. 4 the. stn and negaUve
a1c t 4ce&4.
To dimescauet what 4TIZCZ4GC.L4 clur cteAt e4 the- qood
(i, f.
#. Laura- p/vz- .i ca L4 tp for (headache o,
anad pa-ok pe onc. "
back ache4 c4anp st c) and th oe ur,t tho u t, a gU4t V-CtlWe
,
ana, Lq4 i4 aý- the 4e4, w 44 to ce p- i er on the £PQ o
cia.
-
ion tt. T&Llyde 27 ti4t4 the 4e 2ecAe d
made each .oc- e.c . -W4.
Jn o 4d" to car Ua n- the =phLca.
g,, L 4e-pr ea oa aý

4 co o veA the 60 da, dndLu-i du tcoeh4 tar i-eu

ce cotwJ,i
cwe, cted ý-at each. 4uk ectt. They wU. L .&e how d .(ß -the
.
Pa z.
Age, rznrUaL 4taW4, occupaU-oa and F-POL4r-GA" cvte ViVUL on

each oheet.

rr
 t TRBLE 9

BRC2GCROURD
If1TR 012 TQTiW SAMM- 10 &JO1E12'
AIZO 10 11EJZ

TC1i1iCES
.

RE. (r Rs) ocLUp Ofl II1RJ7R.C Q r.CDPEn cy-cm

.
S7/17its LEngýE ( S)
R 25 Health u iss to . m 0 25
B 19 Student Howe s 0 35
C 33 Lec-tcvreA S 0 30
20 Student s 0 29
C 34. ffau4ewi,A m 2 30
18 Hulse s 0 25
19 ncuae s 0 28
if 26 C.u na&+.ccn. Dl 1 30,
.
9 36 Shag, a44-t4 to tt 112 2, 29
24 Tqp.i. o.t s 0 31

IItQCES

(URS) OCCWPRT9oa IIIR;'iTR. C GL1tDR&n

sTarus
7 27 Teache?c S 0
2 27 Teach In 1
3 28 Teach,e t S 0
4 22 Student S 0
5 41 Educa i.ancLL D 2
Tycho LQg24t
61 30 Occup J. crw2 12
in
the2ap t4 t
7 23 Stvxtenat S0
8 27 Baak4e Ue-t Ri 1
9 22 Flu-4e S0
10 23 Soc taL L7o4keA S0

86
 TABLE 10

7OPS 07 THC IIZM2TRIAL DJSTRESS QUCSTOOMA-7C

VICARS/WD STAIWRn DCU9RT.
.
TRYLC1OUCR7G7oC( 60 PRY )
-S

IIQ£S

S PRgR I CO12C£!
2- I BEHRU30URIgU70noIILIClWRTER I ýI RR0L1SRLIca ROL
ck4n MRCJJons RCTCI2T.on RncCT
7P.
RT.lon

1x 8 13 8.60 6.20 4.00 4.08 10.98 5.20

S. D. 1..$0 0.98 1.00 0.00 0.28 1.90 0.25

2ý 9.35 11.35 7.10 4.52 4.10 10.65 7.90

S. D. 3.30 2.20 2.70 1.70 0.00 2.44 1.97

3x 8.36 4.10 4.00 10.23 8.28

9.70 5J.
'043
S. D. 2.74 1.10 1.58 0.00 0.00 2.65 2.85

4X 7.15 8.80 5.80 4.18 4.23 8.72 10.28

S. D. 1.26 1.31 0.96 0.52 0.13 0.90 1.92

5x 7.10 10.90 5.55 4.03 4.00 10.73 9.40

S. D. 1.30 2.50 1.10 0.00 0.00 2.70 1.90

67 7.56 9.26 6.66 4.03 4.00 11.58 11.18

S. D. 1.30 1.70' 1.60 0.00 0.00 4.10 3.70

7R 7.68 9.15 5.76 4.06 4.00 12.55 8.93

S. D. 2.20 1.70 1.00 0.00 0.00 2.90 3.30

8A 9.70 9.72 6.38 4.00 4.00 13.56 7.46

S. D. 1.90 2.40 1.50 0.00 0.00 3.70 2.60

9X 6.63 8.36 5.62 4.16 4.00 8.16 5.03

S. D. 1.90 1.30 2.20 0.97 0.00 1.50 0.00

10 R 4.30 4.55 10.72 9.50

8.90 11.33 7.65
S. D. 2.30 0.65 0.65 2.60 3.20
2.70 2.70

g6
 7AB1£ a1

(JZCA12S
Rl2D S7A12DA DCUJR7-9ORSOT Tf#C f£J1STRUAL D.JST)ESS Ql1CST.
90n[A5RC
7RVEJZOUER TG70CLCLE,
S ( 60 DRgS, )

TEAA
-S

Sý ýBU RU9011
FIL 1R COl2CC12- jC ýGIRT
0l20T/1?
RýRGLT CR A.CI C012T
RE_T _UCI RROUS ROL
TPATIon cRRn RCJ2CT50nSRCTEI950n RTTCCT
.

8.40 4.03. 4.36, 8.83 7.72 6.00

1 7.48 5.35
S. D. 1.70 0.79 0.77 0.00 0.64 1.60 2.30 0.00

27 11.88 12.88 9.05 7.05 8.78 14.93 10.43 9.33

S. D. 3.10 3.40 4.60 2.30 3.32 4.80 3.50 3.50

8.50 5.16 6.00

3A 7.48 8.76 5.73 4.10 5.22
S. D.
2.10 1.30 1.70 0.34 1.60 1.05 0.37 0.00

47 7.93 9.60 7.16 4.30 5.40 8.82 5.33 6.12

S. D. 3.00 2.40 4.60 0.85 0.76 1.50 1.00 0.66

5X 7.86 8.73 5.40 4.10 4.06 11.38 6.85 6.45

0.00 3.90 1.60 0.69
S. D. 1.70 1.20 1.30 0.00

6x 10.60 7.20 5.13 7.36 9.92 11.15 6.60

9.10
1.03 1.10 1.70 2.20 0.72
SOD, 1.90 2.30 1.70

8.80 6.25 6.10

77 7.45 8.62 5.40 4.26 4.50
S. D, 1.30 0.84 0.57 0.60' 0.50 1.05 1.80 0.44

8x 7.80 9.23 6.52 4.15 4.92 11.12 5.98 6.03

S. 3.20 0.82 1.40 4.90 1.60 1.97
, D 2.80 2.50

97 7.63 8.86 6.38 4.26 5.43 10.15 6.70 6.00

S. D 2.30 1.70 1.90 0.66 1.77 3.40 2.00 0.00

10.78 5.43 6.02

103 8'. 05 9.05 6.43 4.08 5.32
3.90 0.84 0.00
S. D@ 2.90 2.10 2.20 Q.oo 1.70

V.'
 TABLE 12

MAOS AnD STI1IWARDDCU.AT MS TOR TfiC IMRSTRUR. SS QU£ST90IZng3PL

C DJSTRE.
S 1 RIW 2
SCRlf_S 31? EACH Pf4ASCOT TffC IIEflSTRUAL CLLCIC. CUC.CE'.

CUM.
C£S

PREN fSTRUR.c r ru7RU%C C

VUERrc/SThu/
cl c2 c1 C2 c1 4
PRJn
R 8.42 8.29 8.01 8.08 8.24 8.11

S. D. 3.33 1.67 1.14 1.78 2.39 1.63

corncEnTRnToon
x 9.45 9.50 9.70 9.90 9.73 10.18
S. D. 1.70 1.34 1.37 1.44 1.44 0.78

BEkay.gouR

cwzn
6.17 6.09 6.22 6.26 6.23 6.60
S. D. 1.35 1.01 0.70 1.81 0.68 2.03

,qUTOIZOOC
RE
7 4.11 4.01 4.11 4.12 4.08 4.17
S. D. 0.24 0.03 0.16 0.27 0.22 0.44

1ý7ATCR
RETEf7ý0fl
4.19 4.20 4.09 4.05 4.04 4.09
S. D. 0.37 0.47 0.20 0.08 0.08 0.27

12cc1T.
vc gTTccr
X 10.28 11.38 10.26 10.85 11.12 11.07
S. D. 1.39 2.74 1.31 2.68 2.21 2.02

AROUSAL
R 8.10 7.63 8.01 8.63 9.12 8.77
S. D. 2.06 2.28 2.02 3.16 3.18 2.33

conTRo
A 6.28 6.03 x. 16 6.14 6.27 6.09
S. D. 0.70 0.11 ). 52 0.45 0.58 0.23

,als
 TRB.CC 13

R11DSTRIWRRDDEU'JRTSOIlSTOR THE MIZSTRURL DJSTRESS QUES7.

fl1CRC1S gQR/iR9RC
SCi?
J s 9n ccx P LRSC 07 TIIC m£resTRUac CgC.C£. Cyr LFS 1 /11W 2
.

Tos
PREME/2S7RIIAL RURL
riz&nST gRT&RMM7Rl1RL
Cl C2 Cl C2 Cl C2
PR3n
R 9.70 9.26 9.17 8.38 7.14 7.12
S. D. 2.40 1.85 1.90 2.22 1.03 0.89

concEnTRRT9011
7 9.97 10.36 9.74 9.46 8.66 8.71
S. D. 1.81 1.60 2.21 1.82 0.76 0.74

7 6.95 7.57 7.48 6.09 5.65 5.77

S. D. 1.90 2.36 4.20 0.95 0.62 0.72

RuTO
norwc
R&RCT90rIS
X 4.97 4.44 4.72 4.15 4.54 4.25
S. D. 1.82 0.45 1.16 2.32 0.97 0.49

WATER RUERT3011
X 6.66 6.23 5.84 5.67 4.85 4.75
S. D. 1.82 1.48 1.95 2.03 1.53 1.06

f CCRTJUC RTTFCT
7 11.50 11.93 10.84 9.58 9.65 9.42
S. D. 3.17 3.27 3.42 1.88 2.15 1.32

RROUSRL
A 7.60 6.40 7.50 7.09 6.79 6.67
S. D. 2.94 2.12 2.70 2.17 2.21 1.51

COATRO.C
x 6.26 67 6.46 6.27 6.21
7.12 .
S. D. 2.74 0.32 53 1.09 o. 68 0.45
.
 TIMM 14

EYQ S,:AP,FS RFCJf?VFýr?Olt m it 1 R/lV DIN 60

mares 7&%qCs

P F- R L P C n L

1 6 2 13 7 A 2 T0 9 7
4 2 13 8 2 9 9 2

2 2 18 4 B 4 14 14 6
0
5 16 3 4 10 18 6
0

3 0 8 18 2 C 2 8 8 4
3 10 18 2 10 10 3

4 3 3 10 9 D 2 12 8 3
4 2 12 9 2 12 8 2

5 6= 5- 74: 2 C 4 10 18 6
5 4 13 7 4 12 15 0

6 4 13 10 1 1 17 5 3
6 13 13 0 2 19 5 5

71 '.2 18 7 6 2 20 4 9
7 18 4 9 0 20 4 9

8I 4 11 10 S ft 5 15 6 9
5 11 10 6 7 14 8

91 6 19 3 3 18 10 0
6 0 2 20 10 0
19 0
101 10 12 11 7 2 10 20 4
11 6 1 12 17 2
lo 12

qo
 222BCL 1?

C0?,P,EL4T90ClS BF-TJE£f DRIL i 111W0R,tl 60

guscncx Pus017f I]- Qa&srJ0w
-im

C !i .C

98 95 . 95
"79 . .
(10)

88 . 92 .
70
-85 .
(1o)

TOTR.c J 81 1 96 92 84
. . . .

/ý fence betrem.. 0.95 and 0.70 rza&1 rxtp- Ue.. ocam t4 1207
4,t. ,cant at 5%

0.70 7 ca 4e2ßUaý Za 4l-, c t at P 0.05

0.92 7 canýcýLati an id 4ign-t Lcan t at P 0.001

T t d tltf to be PLLnd .Lo between the two l, Le

'&4e4. e- ce
en. .
4co, te Pt &. a and Nomen 4epaAaW4. Wag the
co&Aelatton o
Toanuta Te (1966) (187-8) to 2 (Table
pion u oon. carnpwte
Ei 4o 2 h. )f-
aui4-/_onruaA*on

2-1.783 - 0.877 = 0.906 1.69

=
)\//'
VO
.2
40JO?
3 341
 T4ß-
a 76
CaRP,ý,GgT9olZS ý TIJý£n
CUCfý RIEDCciC.Cý 2l ?0 SCOýýS

p_ conc BC RR OR 1-0-360
Im APICUSAýC
CßliTRQf_
2 0.069 0.780* 0.140 0.000
2 -0.540 0.210 0.000
0.090
-0.130 -0.200 -0.400
3 . -0.480 -0.680* -0.120 0.160
0.290 0.000 -0.940*
V. 000 0.000
4 -0.090 0.850* 0.230
0.320 0.910* 0.170 0.500 0.850*
5 -0.920* -0.370 0.000
-0.090 -0.480, 0.029 0.000 0.000
6 0.300 0; 940* 0.000
0.210 0.470 0.410 0.000 0.000 0.760* 0.540
7 0.330
0.000 0.660* 0.000
-0.860* 0.000 0.860* 0.430 0.000
8
-0.040 0.240 0.890* 0.000 0.000
9 -0.930* 0.980* 0.000
0.110 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Q. 000 '0.000 0 000
10 -0.080 0.690* -0.970* .
-0.060 0.470 -0.160 0.16o n. 890*

TS pen conc x - RR Cp 11R Rk°' 1Sq£ Con7;20£

1 a. 0.990* 0.000 0.860* 0.000 0.990* -0.360 0. 000

2& -0.990*
-0.071 -0.430 -0.470 -0.500 -0.008 0.750* 0.800* 0. 590
3c 0.760* -0.330 -0.430 0.330 0.930* -0.980* 0.340 0. 000
4d 0.730* 0.110 0.980* 0.000 0.650* 0.090 0.000 0 980*
5 e. 0.680* 0.970* .
-0.070 0.000 t. 000 0.920*
6 -0.280 0.920*
0.840* 0.050 0.970* 0.740* 0.930*
7¢ 0.650* 0.990* 0.770*
-0.220 0.970* 0.990* -0.990 0.000 0.110 0.990* 1.000
8 h 0.250 0.970* 0.970* 0.000 0.950* 0.840* 0.180 0.380
9 L, 0.880* -0.050 0.660* 0.500 0.970* 0.900* 0.940* 0.000
10 0.990' 0.990'
, 0.920' 0.000 0,950' 0.790' 0.990' 0.000

`.otgrtftccrxi, t at 5% teure,.
.

ýý
 Taßrc 17

s9 n933cRrrr si . on scRC. coRRExATJons r TIJC£n cc.Cl£ 1 Rnn CyCLF z an TjfF

2E 1STRURCDJsTRSss QUCs7901r2R.RC

I12LPS MMLES

7 CancentAat-ton. R Pain,
Beharr Lawt chance,
G1aevt atet,e t Lcn., R ca4a L

z neq Uve a%ect. (-co vt LaUan, ) B flea t ue, aý4zct, #ttou4aL

3 Behau ow ch.an.c,e(-co4&ztattoa) C 7'u ia, Watý tunten crL,

Rega aue 44c t( coAl wCCX. ttori)

Patt, Behau. Lcu t chwl'L¢Q,

ü atz, L fi. E'. et Zart (-coi tCý. I CLý. L 02) Oat" te-ten-UcPL, Can tza L

A to 4CLL.
,

5 Pl. OCUJQ.L Pa2n., Concent ati, on,

Plega , Cve a," ct, Canat&-c4

6 neqati ve acct 7 Pat &hav-Lo uh char,

,
Awt.anoritc. t c.,# Lo , t7ate t
&et en t ion., fegxt Uve a/, 4c t,
Rnacuu l., Can, -uJ-

Cancen.#AaUor., 9 Canceritaat Lan., Bel au .ow . change,

7 / tonom c Jtzact ono
(-r-o4A tattor. )
ßehavtou-t fie(-co&AetatLon)
A"Wu4a, CoMZO-L

8 ßeh Con ce to ton., Be av char .,

owt
taut chan4e, IR
JZegat We a Uect (-c-OA-tetatLorL) Watch ate tafl. Uort., fet a.t tue a.%
.ct
Rnou4aL

9 fla coaAeLcz an-. 3 Pain, cAonge, Watet

Behaviau-t
naen t. Lan, IZer¢atthe a%ec t,
R cuAaL

Pain, Concen, #Aatton,, havZ uh

10 Conczntur#, i.an, ,B
change, Wertz t 4eten tt ort,
Beiucviowt chan4e(-cav1.2t2on)
neqn t ue a.% c t, R)WU4a,L

Fý
93
 TRBLE 18

RCPORTCDSl r1PT0(IlS07 CLI1STRURLDJSTR&SS DUR.7l2 PR JICI2STRURLqnD / EJ2STRURL I

PfIRSCS TOR 8S '111PTOIR LS 012 T{{C b ERSTRURLDJSTRESS QUE2.

SCRL. S7,701MORC

TFJ'1RLES

PRF1ll£RSTRURL CRCIlSTRURL

ILILD (1IODCRRTCSTR 1 C3DERRTESTR012

?IL7R
fiZUAC.
tZ 4 /Zl F-I71 (6,11;
e44
B, C, D t7, ?.
h ie
C D C, E k
C ap4
Bcickache CID, ý B,
FE B, D c, c, c 8, I
Tat, topte C, C, , ,

c. Qchp-4 C, I B, 7, K A D, k 9
&p en4

COIZCF-ITM73011
B, 7, g, 11 7
. rL4
anuaa
Toe tAUrLe B, r, B,
4 &
Con, AwZan. B
£acvehed fudcyeaen t B, C, cj B, 0

CITIHPJ B
cancer ca,#.inc C, c, T, c, H B
C, B
C, F, ka
Rcci, dent C C,
prone
C.L nr4y. B, C, D, C 3 13,C, 3

BJ 1WJrUR C/Rfý£
Faure. d 4chaa. L,/Wanl
pR4ahrzaace c,T,ý IB 10 B
Take nap
D B
4taýt .fn, bed
D B
S-t.c4 at home
Rvotd 4ac. La.C
B, D
actin-U.. eo
D B
f-"4 capable ýý

Qi.

-- - --"
-- -- - , z.,, ý.
.,.,,,,
 TRB& 19'

7E.fl RfCfS

P.JEr,
EZTRURL 1ITL12S71 C
W?..

Au7QR0IILC RF..
RC71a12SMILD f/lloýF 7C STRQIl /UL/) mODCRATC STS

ýa irt,#.rr ea4 7 B, 7:
Co-Cd 4weat4
fau4ea D, T, J
flott ý.Lu.ýhea B

GIATERRCTEC2T.
7012
1Je.
Lght chain c Bº T,

SI d24 ande C, D, c, Cam, C B B, C, 1),; C T

Pa i 4v-L &4ea4 R B, f B, T
Swe-(.Ltng C, c B, C, T f{ 9

nECA79UF-ATTECT
T, 3 B, C A, C, c, ff 9

£O et ine, d4 E 9 B A B

Ht i A, E B
Anxie tt t B
, B, 9
Refit-LPo.oru B, T, ; fl T, ff
94h.Ua, 1yiti# C, T, 9 B H A, c B, F-,tE,ý
7 B
load 4WifLgý4 B, C, T, ti, ý
B A B
De.p,7,4 Orb C, T
9 B, ft! A, C, T B, fl, 1 9
7e.a4 an, T

45
zy,
 TIWLE. 20

T& LILLES

flII EflSTRl1R.
C MOM

RRausp.c mm TIZODFJATCs7 2( IV LD IODC R7 STROM,.

.
Recttanate F-,7, k R, C,g
0 7 B
R B ý, 9 R
EXc,!
Aen.ent c
TeetZI44 Olt
R, c B R, T
we,U he-th
But of, eneAuyf
B 7

C017T
ROL
3eeUnc4 of-
B B
Che4.t pain
.4
B 7
B B, 7
Hea4t/wq-
flwnhne44/
B B

B-Lind 410t4/
4u3.3L vi4tom B

9b
 TR13L& 29

RCPORTU S1(l1PTOI?
ZS 07 flCflSTRURE DJSTRESS DUR91 PREJ)ZE11STRURL
RCWffEnS7RURL
PfIRSFS TOR 8 SUAp7oI1ISCRL S 012 ThF IIZFIZSTRUR.
C DJS7RCSS QUFS7 OT?1R9RC

PRF1'1F_RST
RURC 10?.fSTRUR,C

FRan O. CD fflODCRRTCSTRan P13LD 1,70DERaTcSTROnq

('Iuuc.Le 4tzjPW 2,4,6,7 1,8,10 3 1,4,8,10 6,7 9
4
headache 3 1 9 1,3,8,10 2,6
C,t p4 8
Backache 2,3,6,10 8 8 1,10 1,3,6 7

Tai. we. 1,2 3,4,7 9,10 7,2,4 5,6,8,10 3

9. ache,o & path- 2,3,6 10 9 8 6,7 3,9

concVIT RRTgall
OzI4 1,5,7,8,9 1,2,7,8 5,6 10
omna
304yetp 2,4,8 1,2 7
Ae44
CarV,4 Lon. 1,2,4,7,8,10 10 7
,
Cowered ja4e=, t 2,4 8,10 208
.
).m. cuLt*
1,4,7,8 10 1,2,8 5
concent-, a,#.Uug.
Dt4t4acti. bde 4,7,8,70 2,8 5
.
ficciden. t 8
.one
CLwn lý 4,8 6

B fRUaouR cfi/nc
C61re,
4-ed 4choo. C/wo4k -
. 6,8
1,7 8,9,10 1,2
RzPP4man ce
Take nap4
10 9 2,4,8,9 6
Ott. -in bed 1,7,8
9 1,2 3
SSG at hone 1,2
IvoJd ooc t a..L
. 6' 3
acttvi 1,2 4,9,10
,. ea
r-4 4,8 10 1,8 3
cap to 1

97
 TABLE 22
i
11
0

ILES

ý1ý11tE.
lZSTPl1RL PERSTRUA
IC

AIITOnOG?,
7c .ea,cCT30125ILJ Ca fQDCJ 47C smanc num flZODCRRTFsTmon
týý, Agae.a4/
ýý, ýntn, ýao 9
Cad d . wetzt s
Clau.4ea 19 3
Koh ? Lu4he4

GIRTCR PUCflT, g012

1JeLgh t chain 2 1
Skirt d 4onde4ii 4
Pai, rLp£ beat o
Srve£Za. cj.

l2ý.C4,T.7U9 ATTECT
7
7 7
6,7 8 3 8 6,10
2,5,8 1,6,10
e.o tL4 on e44 1,5,6,7,8 3,10
6,8 2,3 5 1,2,5,8 1,6
Ptaod our-Lfl44 1,4 1,2,3 5 1,2,8 5,6
Dp 1,10 1,2,3 1,5 1,3,7
ei 4 on.
Te,rn4ton. 6,10 3 5,8 7

98
 TABLE 23

. ,ý.ý

CZVLS

PRE flSTTUAL r,1CfSThWR.

C
.

APOUSRL MILD C,ODEWE I s one OILD G'zoDF-wr- sThan

RAP c-ti. arta to 1,7 6,10 4,5 2,4,7,8 5,6,10 4
6,70 2,4,10 6,8
Cxct-e , enjt 2,6 10 7 8 4,7,10
Teel ý O1
areU &e ug 2,6,7 4,8,10 4,8,10
.
Ba u-&6 aý, eiieJrW 3,6 7,10 4 10 8

COR?RO.C

4U fpCZA LQCL 1
Che4t pa2rz4
?-L, in eau 10
Heap t µa wid th 10
12cuzlrn
e 41

wund 4)lOt4/
ý4N u Ui4a

99
 TABl. 24
ý-,,,.
; ý
SW37ECrs (rl1r&S RnD T& qL ) RýPORr9n 1L PR ns7RURLD9sTRLss
( H?o ) RrDLaoP (LP7W
ns7I1QCDOSThCss f STRU
L
D9ST2Fss (bfr, ) RnD LOU pFIZST WLC IJSThýss (. Clrrý )

3e17R1£S 11.CES

RXIM Th71D ! PIIZD £llLD

13 R 3 9
D C 8 2
If E 9 4
9 10 5
6

RND £M HOW MD
B R 3 1

C 5 2
C 6 4
7 8
10 9

iöo
 T RBM 2.5

RE-PORTF.
J STRURL S & RCU2OT9C.SIt
TOr7LRTOLO9Y ,ý...ý

TEIMLES LW fEUROT9C9SrIz ifs C,7Sflt

l2F-11ROT?
12 12

2 ytmefLa 2hea R, T, c, H, 9 B

P n4 R, C, D, 7, c, ff, 3 B, L
tAA ta)-Tt .#.

Pnencea4tA w, L R, 7, L B, C, 7L
derycp44 Lon.

1111
U ES

pata 4,8,9 1,3,5,6,10

9 JLtto tiV 2,7,8 1,3,5ý 6,10

De 4a 2,7,8 1,3,5,6, '10

)01
 TRßLC 26
*, .4

7)Oi?
TE1? CF-l2ST
RUDX SU.ýTPTOlil4T0.
G0 .y! & PS!I-CHOT
JCJSII?

TCIZILC£S LQ1YPSu-GIOTJCJSl,
7 I Ff9ý Ps)t2l JCJSm
I44

DV4J7ZZaOlr
V= R, 7, ý, g B, K

PAerne" tau a, C, D, ýý ýsJ, 7 ß, /

.

Phýý. nýýic. tcrý, Rý 9, ; B, C, ff

do,

Pain, 3,4 1, 5 6, 9, 10

2,3,7 1, 5, 6, 8, 10

2,3,7 1, 5, 6, 8, 10

ioz
 TRB..C 27

F-PQ 9tem o that Zza'2cc e Enott L t'Ia,Lý, uAtp w.rtt

a.
.

9ten 170.

3. Does uz mood eve tqa tc12 and dourrt ?

ý. DO Vau e-veh fee.. "ý ccstmi. ýýra blz" fan na 4e-a4Oa ?

15. R?ce cou an uvu pe t4cn ?

. -Ce

19. Rie daunt 4e. Gi.n.cy ecr4.i. /w4t ?

31. &dautd au cczLG p uue4 a nz tvcu4 Qe uca ?

.

38. Do pcc wrai a lrawt the a4wL thtruy4 that ru, ch t he pen?

41. GIauGd ýca Z Vowt ße4 .ten4e, and "h i rhLrz 4 tAý" ?
LOU.

72. Da tau. r1roA,

4 too Lang. a te2 an err.&a&,=44 L1tr7expe4-L nce ?

75. Da you 4Uf- Ji ( Ue4

77. Da you. 4a d ane_Lq.7

103
 11111 111 fi ll 1111

-cp
__-ý-
. *:

I
C
r -T-

I
i
I

L
I .F I
r I I ~-
I

/I

-. -; -- ----

I i T T
I

I LL -ice-°-I
, II -'---;
I I

-r r--
ýý -
- I
rte- "-- +
I

151-

" -

,
EE

I I T
I ý. ---r--'-'
I I II
I I i ,

I
-I
 I r

r- -

-ý--ý-y II -tom, -

' -ý-i rr-- -ý

G
T -'r-rl--
I I -I--
_ -n-I-
I l
.. r
I T

I ý

I
I I

4-1

44 -
'^-1-------

-I-

rf-
I I I

I I'

I I
_ r--

fI - ý,ýr '1 - II

i
I
i II

I I

Ili
I

I
rT I

rr

-, T
I

- -- II
,
ý
I I I I I
^
r'- ýr l I
I ý I

I
I - I I I I

-I-'-I
II
I I w I
-

.,
 ý'-'-_-ý-
ýý ýýý ý---'ý
-ý-^-r-'-- - -
Lr-r'; J-LLB-t--ý. i_--t-_I-
-J-r-Lý_ýý. _. ý'--'-"-
'_;- TI-ýL_ -1-, -
IL-i-: _,
H E,
1-1ý-ý

IL-I

i
-I-'- -

h-ý---j-

*5
7

ý1

J LL

-ýý,

1-7

-
-ýy H I i '
- _ýý _ýý"ý-, ýý r
4-4

ý
-."ý T[I -fý r"jý-"-, 1_. _ý. _. _, -r'r'-`-r-r-^f-1-
r '--F-ýýr-"-i- L, 1ý

J ý.

F ýýýý. ý
yý
 'I I I
I --ýý
ý_ -

r-E--

- I. - ýI
r-

T-F

- ..

I
rI

I I
I
ý I I -
-
- I
I I r
R

TI
I

-f-r"
IL I

I-

I I
I
I

r r I-
r I r I -

IT^
- _

r`

"ý.
Y ` L I
_
II rI -_

r
I I
I I--F-`-Lý-r^^'ý

I I I

I I

I -

r
_

r ýI
rý i
-ýT -ý
r
y
r I I -i -I

ý-! - -
 ý"ý-ý

- ýn

77

- - II

- --
cý -- -
ý--i
-
- _r

0o I I I -- -

T
I

i I
ýT
i II

I r-ý-
I_ -71 I-i-
44-
--r

17

_ -

_ --H ýý"-- I- --
_

- - r

ýTiý
i ___. _ _ _. ýýý.. ýý.. -. ý.... -ý-ý-.. _.. _.. -
.__. ___. _ý---= ---
___..
 ýý
ý-. i II I Ir
I ,

z : f=

=
I ---
'-j-Lj ý_
ý'ý1º-
rl-"ý
J-'-rr

, ý'-. ý

T,
--"-rill-ý - i- ^-~" ^
-ý -

T+ T

_ý
Jýr-
--;
_ I
I

71
- E-E -I- II I,
,

I ., I
_
 . 9sCuss9On

ý.

'2'w inve4t 4a to t en.g.aged ta nLeris wL(:, y cLe. eatch

h.a4 P tadra bdt4 been p ed .Grt .the. coap Le ; and d f,, Zc Lt ct
< gen uzt4Act 4ouncl ieahch on the rrei of ut civc&.
44tho uh irLclx a4ihi me-h. ad o.Coq.i,ca-L 40p1 U.ica 20 rt and ý.ýmhL
pe pect We4 heure care -fined to p orza.te i,za '. tho to h and
corn-p-hx ZJL decent the p&e-4e. nt day te4eaitche-t
" -t. LLd(" VeUVZA,

cof', tU t to &c aced &;Z& a chat en.gin d-Uernrna. J2o nmt te.t
..
hoar tAought u4 the uatta. termsfO4 4ttL4 erne cho4en, ao riot-e2
.
how ade¢ua te. 1L,
i pa Lcu,Lcvt VaA,,ULUe4 a,,w- n ea4t ted and no matt"
hour 4ophi4-t uca ed the ana ly ti s tecM2i ae. aA.e ap-p2 i ed, a
,
p p,Ce it gd . i-cwU. c. &enw. üw: - ne..
a4tAamL c. tc lz va A.Zt J Le.
i erne.
hc"-n, t 4t irUGJuzc. t. olt in telrýie. La, ed .
.t . . -LVe
Th, L comp Lex-i t&j pne oer nurtieAou4 p4o rtzx24 P, "". the de. otn.
04 4tUdte4 on . the rnervst42uLL cc cCe. PAZCA4e rtea WtcW. e lt a.-

ph4'4-i. oJ.o ,LcciL and / an p4 choto; ZcaL vaAtatrie4 4 2evan-t to

rncrLodt, w Lion, ruuj in tteAp-, 2e wt t4 conceat, &4 dart 4Q.4i2oaden t4
.
the 4 tu4'. acw on .the n2n4-t4WLL cctcLe. Th - cjiU t be
CU4Cu44ed aga th. dater.
GVc(. e pha e4 aC4044 a 4an. pLe. a4e n.o-t d,Ur4 to be eq=U,

and ccpc e- ,LengAA4 =y. vczvz. con s-i,de&&J-14 .both w-i f1L a and hetweem
4 ýec to. To& the-4e- 2z"on4 tt JO4 decided Pn .#livs 4 tuck
to catiza da L4 ýw-po&t4 of, n.ood oveh cz 4u lr4-tan.t i aL plod
of, .t orate,.
The l ethod4 rued to aZ ta- n 4w4ýect4 and . the wad da w1ach
th. eii w ie a ed
3, as have -t iected a &ta4 In .that a :truce
.li, ,l
4aapi, LW off. tUuUvtdua 4 =4 not have been obtained, but
franzen a 4anpUn.a o& men and Women rho .ion VCA20u4 pion t

aad/on p4ychoZogtccL ca4an4 we .e.: mete-i ed and taZU, tn. c .to

patt, tCtp to thel 4tud4. The C
4M. C ttwi. " Olt qwü ect-
-ixe, .
obta fined chow yu4 t how f. vi. Oven ýf2na tc. La-L .in.dctcement could
n.ot puade ao to peo p. A to ap-pL* !A exdeA take pat .ia
.& .
a que,4 ti orLga leq4 which 4erw ted a cetia a town ta .-

cor,^ý.
rt Umen t pit 60 darn.. Th i4 -thtaw. o 40me .LL fht onto the
' 'q i,e ion 4 Ctt 4 auch a4 .throe. 0
ae.ea' oý ýiecýuit' .
the otheic hand, voituaz, %d na teure or- .the pa,Vt Lc. patton th
the
the d, £n ted as n teA.e t
o. A the ae&. ec t4
4ta d i,e4 coo cAtbe cU -i.
Le-
tk to the-
to ad 4R a4 an cL1J
ýtL the eXP eALj tit CL(LCLi4 eer7 ecL
,

110
 a44wnp-Uo2 that the
4wLTec t4 urha chid patt Lc. pate vatt2d 'to'te
han. e4 l anal iji LU Lq- L4 CXPle-44 .the-it 4e. Lin. g4 about the
qu", Uorl a-kzd. -It wa- at4a hoped that auch capttaU; XLt-Lan
an. the. in to .t and uoiu tcvut, natw.. e aý- the tratk, wout4 oat h
dri. a higA n t.wz the que4 L nn U e4. Thi4 Moved to be the
, ,a
ca e..
R CL40, t i44Ue U La h.. the Aietai c4 zec2. Lue- an.d da i. Ltj 4tiLdt"
.
that have ne as 2ed he e th i..ca tunt Loa thuo. Lued th
.1 -4
ptout L&4 4WLJýect4 with thcai2. p.Lpte i4ofii, 7,crUaa 4e4a'd2ncg atudcy
.
taten t. Theke
araw na ejtt to dece2ve rut 4u, 1?
4ect4 Jiwt 4 zp4t
-o4t
cta auo-Ldwtce oý- dt ect ehence to vun4tAux Lca. Daten oý-
the rren4 uia 1, pe 2od azp- ýte-qu te-d an. the ßt tAUO L D.i4. t "4
. .
Q4 Lon44-Ue At the -ems and in aUpa ba ijLLLt1L.. the,
th
.
WOrLM wau-Lrl have gui. ed the. 'Malte aý- the 4tt&rL. Ka je. ueA,
4OCLe A"ec. Ache44 have. 4ecen tti, concluded that the "tnýP. oAaed
ca, ent code" (R h. Lcan P4Vcha. LagLca. L A440Ciat On; 1973)

n ak eA 4"wU o Pion ruuuv, exp. e zen t.4 dtth Lou.4. S.Ence d.&nand
,
e,f-ýeci t4 a rgq-on p tob iaa. L .oynd torte
n ,irr, ruLc& Of. the PA&nen.4
tli AaA0,tw e, .the n rove. t ga; Co4 oryted jto44 Niovi. d inc ß44
,ant .
4Ree ific Zn,Pnrta, #.Lan to the auiriec to at tim Gecý rLrl m a/ the
taro 4. uc; i.e4 ohe c tzie-d out. The have been
. 4econd 4tudu. n=V.
morse ß. u-1.4 a ,tfwcd qýtouß oý 4u e.c.#.o had teen, added
wha wee n-f-o ned cri to the 4 u4 intent.
, .
Qne o.ý the pAtbuLaAj ob-jec t ue4 aý thi4 ULveotLqaaon Lra4 to
e dt the 4e" ti. udtc. and Nrec i4ton oý the aodi Atad Torun 7 a..
the Irle"-t4w. cr,L Ai444 Qceý t. LonrtcLiýce.
.
The ¢ue t-Lonna e has h.L to to t a.L can ai..stencjy but .te o..-
Ae-te %LeLixzbti 4 t4 too iih u-4e4- once a we-e- ovet a colnpLe tc
-t ,

cVtc le. Seve L

tc toh o true Z p.. cated hehe. TtA4t. 4,
1Jec=4e aA the cU Lcu Gtt -tavatved ,üa detectbiq, pha. e a, the
J-Lketthaad or, p i,rLpodntrog the pAzaea4 t ua.L an the tenrren3. ttu a-L
.t .
pha4e exac 4 /_an eveA)j au-& ec t =4 ate. Con oe¢ 4
MMW Cý the 4u.hhect4 AepoU a "no exßeA ence ajý 4 ul.ptom."
on 40rte aca.Leo wh.eAz at anotl . tne UL the U cºicde, they
have enda&a ed ay tizp tanj4 monce 4 tang4.
Second üt, 7oAn Tn ea owte o the 'hure
and llaw3 expe4 Lence
o/ 4Vm tom4, The da Ujj kbjc tcu ions oA ý,ee.Gi v; 4 and eno.t-Lon4
da na.t nead U4 Lcnd the i ,e Lve4 to mea4wte.men.t an a weekJ4
.
ba4. i4. So one wouLd not. expect a high co t4 tattop be t een

ape iiv. and the next. tonen. T can. Ge given dat14 oven a
.t
 pe&ii.od of, tine to a44e44 the 4eve& trt/ c 4en. ce/ and chcu4e-
o4 4pton a-toLo; , gat 4hou2d no.. /.A,
- used on as ad hoc a4
.
7htird4, weJCe cav&tLe. d out
when ana2. y4e4 w 1-n. q ioup.
between d.i znt cjcl e pha4e4 the.. we&e nor 4tgAZP., r cw t,
tadtcat, U4 that make-4, wh.o did not know the pw po.te o the

que4UonIuz&te jcecoýrt a highet decree o' 4c},rrzptamc.to. Lo¢4 than

4ruLCe4 who were ado na m, but wautd ptadia lr.4. have gue44ed
the natty e o.- the que. UonnaL, e. 7he4e u t4 have indLcated
the but u4, that 'o &a 7 of- the mDQtdid ao. t
-in . .a .
4iq di ýtic aJe. c#4 im the d
to .Ge weer
eARn t
risen- v.a,L vicLe pAa4e4 and 4hautd ao-t be wed .ion that PZL&P44e.
&Nen the da. i, Lc, 'scam ate tak en. Piom Tow. 7 and avehary ed
ion, each in4iv dumL and -then exmnmed fan each pha-e, a
toto. Ly. dige btu to em e4. Ton the ýe ulLe4 P .e,nen4-
.nt
tAua. L and nt uur,L rw-an di f- ied . coa the ; w4t-no wt wt L
and to teAnen tAuat aeons on the pain, coacen-t4c Uoa, Jrehav-i.out
cha ge., at Lve crfec t and a)wu4aL dca ,--4 a1 the. /WQ. lZane
Oi the thte t-pha4e mearu 4eached 4Z; viAýce f the mat".
-o&
The tyro 4ca. Le4 tah- ch tace tved tha. teat e doa4emAnt
.thaou¢hout wee au tonorn Lc teach oa4 and coat to. L, with ao
4 L. ri ti can td. %.,
e ear-c d-i4cetn ate. But 4 uromsa dW
exile ence 4ýapton14 for th L4 4ca. Le pAemena, tcuu, LG,,, and duA4nq.
. . .
aen4 t_Lon, oo Zt t4 not ent. LAe4 unknown. Once aqa U.
. ,
.thL-Z4 4how4 she need to Look at the t. ctt;vtduo, L'. o exp once
.
of 4 anptonr,. So, 704iz 7 ojý the 1WQ ice do iý con..
o.i, oLen-t
.
and can d JU;n ti a to &e ureen =, Cz4 and feat", conaeguen. .,
eaot onxtt and even &ehavtou at change. a cou. Ld he. Aetatzd .to the
crtc tc pattkem oA harz ona. L act tv i ty. anad to .the ct oc4ee t clans e4
o-ý ho'unone .oupr d &lAt; the nena, #'uta. L ccc. Le. We. knout euch
te-44 we voutd ke. alio t the wai do wh c.. ex hohnone. o
-than, .L
ccf-Ac t women, &t we know .otZU 1" 4 adrowt the WatJ4 th wh2.ch
n ate- homo= in
4 . . Luence aa. Le fee. iaq, 4 anad actLoa4. &i. ough
.
dis known, howeve: z, to 4CL that the pa teAn a.4 har. ane
d. te-zi t ý-o t e-u that t t4
p todac on i4 d aa. LeiJ than ab-A and

con t Z& te4 40 4exuaL

e&encea In
d. i
phr,wtr-a L and enot t onat
..
U CT4 ca'L-A en ce4 in behau t owc. !Ilan, a4 ý"
expo . ace o4 ure
&.
Le 40
a4 We know, experience no cqciZc a12 ono caaPaAa
Lo LC.. Le me-no-
the rr en4t wa. L We e and .the4. e 14 na ph 4Lc. ¢! -ma.

Raue.

112
 The di zce4 .Getween te --a'
cat, and the /_emal e o'

,te/. a4t oý 4e=ptoniatoLo91recame mote aßp4Az t as we p.toceed

h the
ih tOUQQ, LrUUng,4 o.- hi4
t. COAAetOttLOno be&, xeen
4
,
1 and 2 Pt the 8 4c p iam oca " oý the IWQ 4hour a
cpcLe4 .
dtat 4 1.,.
P.a,L 4t(pi . cane. ion the pat, n, behavt, owt change,
. _,
waten ne-t en Uon. and neq at ue a ec t ca. Le4 tri oZ d2c a4ea
.o .T
that. fan the Maat. that ae nep. o ed . in CV-c.Ce 1
.oVrn area
have ta cttcLe 2. Theke aste
tjtLL. a good chance oA ac, 2ea2. r.
fe. i. on4 . ietcareen c cLe I and 2 y°_on the nwte4
ve4ut. r co&&eta
and Marta rna s negative co4AeJ-at i,on4 which Zi-dtc. ate. i expel2ence
010-4VJlp to zi Cn. ane cV c e. J wt no.t .the o-the&.
Repo ed 4Vnptoma tod. aý . /on
r. area i4 make 4-ta JLe and
./
with ont* two ne.gvA Lve cow... Lat i on4 thAouglLout, th 14 4ugcZe44
.
hat, an the whale, woven tend to compta :n or- con-i o-tenf
4VmptamataLoc j, on. one ntQrr4t vaL W C&e. to thm next. C1

coupe, one. r outd need to conduct Pw het Aeoea ich ov ha

much Car1.7.
eA . L. e 4paM to e4 J, 4h this ?,inx th. .
By. Lao k-bi.9, at the 4n c ideace/ p4.eva. Ceace and 4 eve ' tc, o4

nep. olr tedpmenen.4tiua. L anad mervrtwa L di4tie 4 one ar. a irr. '2nd o
ea. £dence which dtL ui4he4 . the exxe Qi, the pain. ac Le
.s .
aiL. Puý endo&4e at d ea- t one ay na t. orL . Can Zt. 11. &u t one
-U
o. the Le4
ma. repo. t part, o,,P 4one deac ptZon - u4ua. l tr
'c en.e)ia.L ache4 and p Un. ' but not one &e;,wr t o! 'c anp o'
-
whLch ,fps quite a common .! emuu ae corLp ,tat cettauA t, A
a.- the. cy.cCe.
T-. p tce ito! the -er Leo p.ehc e2ued .the--i4 e2ueQ to t re
-ti. .
,
L"a capa h.Le da t& .
late p mnert4. twun, ea44 nzuwt,, W atL Lcn,
and on4i one Eezate f U
e.. ionqLV- a#4c ted and .th Z4 wa-d dur i,nq.
.o
the nrrw, t&uzt phase.
Thi4, of coUA4P-, e.xp e. e4 OrI4 the 4U LeCCt4' evatvzti. an
,
o hei e."-Lc Levan . J.t fig tone inc .tJw t the. mafý.o,'. ttc. 4
. .in .
nuLle4 Jiequ. cM4 endowed aym/. tom s Wn the concen-t, t& on.
. ,
aca. Le.. eCerlt o. ud e4 have demoa4t ted that .the e. no
. , .
imp t f t. Lon du tL& t the
. at, =: n of, cogn on Madan peAj, a nce
L t L the l
cy.c e, ((a w&, Ii;
n aUca. and men4. iia
pA.emP.. ph a4" a,
1976; 7od..ih,, 1976; Pa4Lee, 1973; Somae t, 1972,1973).
coiv r t" eao cl,.,in .tao d Wx. -tence4 . in a tti tude4 and dre.Li eo
sex
t Lan1.. 4, LgrU 2cw t. 4" cU xAzArß4.
, w-(raPUncf nei4t., u auRd

&eof Leda c t UUZ' i.oa

&CUt n.QJVJ
She found that. men wece. Le- .Nea,

113
 and ,they wehe note iLkp-bj to UeUeve that naer 4t wa ton 14
. .
mo wL arid thaýt ', Lt a, ec to wom.ena' tJi Z& LncT pWce44e4.
.
The negattve Pund
at-tLtude4 anon rWL-- 4ubaec 4 -L tht
- tudct ace con4- ert with 'a &e'4 (1974) P: adtac; that
.
r=iz. l attJi.. &ute nLa2e 4eveite rceri itz. wLL 4VrLptom4 to women thaxc
.
do crar,Len thervuetive4 tahea coap..Cet.ing
al ?nos a ra.C J)-i.
4ytJ"4
i annca1te. The- gAea et knm,u.Ledqea&V-Lbj aý the crorzen
d. d may. be due to the ýacta Ll.. do f aAaat Lon .to c.rh LdL .JJ
-dtu.
have iTeen ex a04ed Ln. L MV14' 4-twL e4 , bo oko, rear a,7,Lne.4 and
oth en media, a4 we L. a.4 theZ own expzA lpnce4.
The women., 4-1. Pa-. {.ee? 4 a-tadct, however, arme not .4e aiý
4.teJCea. 1pLc Lak i r. cüraut r,, üoa. Therj Oha ed with
-t4uu7,
the nza the rn coacep Lon a &aut L LpcA e.d 4mc Uon.
. .
On. the. bQod4 aý- the &w- denc.e o! 4tudZe, 4 cited Zt could be
.
cvro p.
o4 cd that /WQo qAt- pie 4 t is t4ed
, m a/zrvw c.once no.t a-
accu to 4e4-trepan 4 &ut, a4 mz"u& o.. a,te zeatc,,p a.&out the
pae cho oq, ca)- cancanwtan t-i ajE aeaj Uoa taa9, caup oý naive
tv i du i4
-lad , .
3n the ry e- en t irLue of L9xzUan tim 1I,DQ ce t ht.. c. dial ao. t
elicit a-te teo triped drei4x4 s a.&ou t r,Len t
wvt ton .in .the f 4-. t
atudct. CawJ.. a Zonal anz b 4-i s a; tna olaec t i. ve 4e, rloAt a aý°
- .
4(.4nptomatodacyO 44ge4t the aced ý-a)i 4ecan4-Lde&atLoa oA the
p-ap+.,Lcvr. rwtioa a., nien tA4La2 4t-e&eatctpe4 aa &eaaonab. L,
exp. LwuvUan or Li, ý tencu ice
aLr4ewed.
. rcace .l
Itkebj. that
the da t4 4eq-lLepa)7it nZV. rea4w. e expe42e tCe Lat i! 4 rr x&rl
ZIL the 4erWe tlWt i, t i4 what worsen nahmaV4
. expz& er c.e uhen
the Ce-l,L44 about rce tut Uan have not trecn tv4ua b,
. made &
acLLient.
ti4O9 warnen .in the dann tud, i 4-U14 wee agked eve
day.. Cher. had ex, nced a pe Lod u tth the phevJi. au4 7
. .
dace an we-ie expec aq. one in the, canb4 7 days. Rot al. L
warnen who .oav ter a'ce a rout to rna.z4tW. e to expeAtenced
negative 4V^zptarr4. Rot aLL warten who they wttt rrertot V-uzte
.
L' n7 dac,,,,
s, da 40, and them. da no-t nece44a , Uaj 4epo Ua
J.owO-t po'. U ve. road Jjeca e .they. ate expect t,nc. a pe 2od.
/Qo p44t aý- tAv4 ituaU4at2an tt ruui tre nece44atv
ocecance,,
to cecon d ide s cone of- the ar wii.p ton. and ree thodoLo q tcc L
.
t, w,d-i t i.an o that. hLwe. Led .iiwe4t. i,7.a tangy to Zook OrU4 Pt

p rzr, ua, /- t cite ao e4 &L i,

r e-vx ve maada -in vorne. wha ' krtaw'

1Iiý.
' Chet; p cur fic. LpaW q, .in a 4-tudV of- Vm mp-
ate ulad. citc. Lp-.
Rathec than cant inuiaq, to tedij
an Ouch rr., thad4 and a44umpt torso,
4e ach -iss needed that take i; Lto account the p y.cho. Coq i. ca-L
.
e. ect4 , not and re, of- the. rw-n. tAut2 ccýcLe, but aLd o oý, o h.et
pJL"-La. Laq i cc-L thq tlipw po44-i,k4 hau ad e&ent peAtCd4,
a4 weLL aq the, 40 c i.o,L- poc cha. Coq Lca t con text wZthin crlach the
trod i. 4 chaa eo arse expp-24,crf ced and qf ven man i ng. P& the.
L xUtrdduc-C. LUtde 4er4teruiidc o/ t, at exanp. Ce, ha4 been
dZtac2ed -towa the
a-tud t of- aaec Uve can.4equence4 OA o-theA
.d
nahe a Ad U att. phMZOtOgAca L "event4" .ouch, as ca. Ld4, &ack, -

ache o and he_adache. a expeUen. ced apa t Aam.. the nmrL4-t4aa-L cqc Le.
Theke mall he aase 4ub4-t. anft, a.L de.cýiee of- ca
-4Randence
ac4044 cone. -in obie tuaW e. o4 neat Le. ph.y, i-LoLog. Lca, L
chan. ge4 urh.Lch occcvt with the. aen4 iua, L c -,Le. llotaeve-t, the
nat"e o- the a e.ct LL e. expe&&ncea a44 ac to ted wVA the cycLe
ua42ed can4, ideAalrtI. acho 4 comer.. The warnen th tAt4 .otude,t
gene ýz L4cony t th. -. iii &e,rzoAta dV-m ton.,. The
-ten -La .
arornen who have d i, ocorLpfr t p/tenLe i4t cia,lý ire, .the IP.Lrist ccfcGe
ahz a0-ie UkA4 to neý.,o t 4-&jzU.OA 4yaptar74 do the .second
hpa vt ? 4oin, one a, who expp nce4 a-Li .mt
pARxw tiua, L dt4con o4, t and h. Lgh iner4thaa. L di4t44 4, aU. the
athen PxuUe to the atudei gtaup. nep02t tanu,
ogmp. La the
.
p re.n4-t4 UM RIL? the me 4tvw.. to aqe.. a,te on .Leo4e extent.
Rd "en p ctu. 4e eee&g,.
e.4 4a4 the. male-) the extent
.i , .
o.4 inteAZadi. u dua. L vahi, alr t trt t4 e and cort4equeritt4 .ät
Ldi, t to Plca arut d -t tact pt twL. Two nen exile 4Ance/
-Aicud
,iepo ed a h.i rzh thue 1.4 dUcaa o vt jta t .Gonq pz Uada of Wie.
S.im i,ta&it, ý, th&ze mm had a ? 4m; LeveL oý 4y ptam ne.p.04t
-aý
ý-avn.ed ano-het q,taup.. Rnath" tA4ee nuzLea had a .Low .t-Lae aßara.
when, a mtnin. aL anaunt aJ. 4ýrntptamataLaqq. + as aottced Pitowed
&V a pattod -
o. code ate to 4Leon¢ di44Ze oa. &d then .there
,
atz. two w te.4 who had the 2aua e of- tA. L4, n4mR.CJ., h Lqh
.
d t4x 4.ta te, PLLowed b 4e. attve ca n.. Thee pa t teJLfl4

a 4e. 2ected qu Ue- n-i ceJ . Ln the. 4yaptae. p4o Leo and once
aga., n, h ý-Lght the Lad Lu lua, L pa tWL o. ne ojaaa4e,
Re.4ecz ch, an. nne"t tw2.U, L 4e ted nood change ha4 had o-o,U4
de teýa Lan. the h04e i, o a ACt"ve
pA,U= ut... oCU4 the 04 o '4on -th
ch=,; e-, dn.
c. Cudd a vvz, Le4 o oit phvo. io-Loq i ca. C. ex Lruta t-+-on o,
.
(Xo ppe2. et 1969, L-i,#. le and 2atun., 1974). Rdma oil
at., "t .taU
La the. h4 Uo rU. a ý-
th. i4 Ae4eanch. has had .LLo be.q,i ruüný o. eAva.
,

"5
4.ta t. i4. t. i cL1.4t 9nWcantdtý; e..tence o1x¬4een4 L1 e-C24' nand,
m.ea uAzme.. n to .takean, at ua - .au4 pha4e o oý- the nt t as L c.ucLe.
A4 ha4 be-en the came w-i th mangy{. a.theh 4.tud"L ae hwMwn
hehavLoun, eaA-heu have atter, Lpied to cLL cave2 Th& wuten-
GyiW Lac tot a44ac L ted wh the 4e dt ce4.9n, a trroa-t
. -&
a.U ,the. e -i"txutcea the ne, wl t h04 been the wti. an. ale a.
nea; A4 d-Uiec t cau. 4 aLret LaO rLoh A be tureen 4 PA&Cof c pfu 4- ada g_
tca p oce, 44e o and mood chance.. Ltt to cor ce m lutes dreert

9, Lven to rLo-te carnpLex .iatehven. üag eve t4 a2 rcechanýt4m4 aA

change. Ott in tetvs #in that if o co rv#.i nueo
.
th 4p- to oý &"eaicch bec¢i wzZ wtVL that aA Schac ten and
S.inqvz, (1962) Lh Lch rrowLd ca4. t doubt on. the ext4teice or- a
d t. tec t 4-L4zp Le co&, m4, ondp ce 1retwew opec i, /- c a#ec 4 and
.
metesu&a JLe ph et a.Lag ica L "ita te4.
3nxU.vidua. L patte n a. 4e4pano4e WtJU cvlwa.w be ui- th tu,
Jut thete 2a doubt, at. oo, .game deq e. alt co 4panderice
,4 .
auta44 warten 4nn, &4eAvabLe
o, 'curd/on inea4u-tai. Ce chwWe4 urh,Lch
urou.Ld occuz rwith the w-L4 iucLL cycle. 9ndeed, 3 hope, the
I7WQ UtU ptave an -tavatucZJJLe toot Pt th-L4 pw oae. But
women au- d Lv Lng the U tiv" apa4t Ziom. V e.vc rrren. 4-ttua G
cr,Lc l e4 , .-o4 4o=. women - 4n. 4peo. - .the ist na not uLo L ceycLe4.
Thetj ace co p Ln,i ar- th o-the t 4e event 4 ich
urh. auw-t a Loo a44ct
.t
the- /ZO evL o4 ze4pon Zf.

Itv4 h tgh L. )2/ e4 that &to-LoqZca.L and env-i Wnnerr ta-L

lac to c4 Zx to i c.t 4o p coduce.. the. pat. vuw o4 mood and .GehavZocuc
4 om - ne. oJJ4ewed d u&ir t ph er,Le" vaL and men4 uxt-L pha4 e..Ö
q rthe. ciyc.Ce and the whiten WOUid ¢U44t Lon the "odrvi, ow4ne44"
01, the two eu a-inat. Lue4 which have nece Lued the mo.o-t
a. tent t oa: (a) that bto. Lo, ct a) one expoLaing Meaen4tw. o-. and
L di4tý irehew-Lout, and (b) tluvt
. the4
meng-uia, e 4, mood and
no conw. r4.tena t to m oý mood and behau-Lo" to be exp ained,
pa
(Pa Le.e, 1974; P ie, 1977).
Thorn a p4Vchodo9, tca. L p a44 f ecUve then the
nLen4 tua.
. c4c Le
broth in the. e`J tted con text
n.eed4 to be w de toad , ne.-La t -Lim..
- J Lo L b Lo Lo i. L the the u chat
o. oihet a.v uAa and q ca. c y.cl. e4 .rn
L, the d Lo i,ca L, 4oc ia La ¢. ca, L and
and t aý.¢.et, context obi, $ -i
p4cLchaLog2ca, L c zvLtce o overt -. irate.
TAad, U2on. a.U. y. wre have tended to uLe.w the 4tudci. o-ý the
.
G¢ dec. tak2fl. ¢. Thtio
mefl4t VIa-L ctic& a.o e. a. - p--We. uncle
J even c4c e pha4e4 and
tnp. ttz4 .duzt avfawt, o, mo0ct4, and

116
 hoxaorw. ,Level can .&e a44an q ed 4 onLwhe ea Long a con nuum,
of aoAmaU.. t-a, (rno4na.t Since the context in wrh.ch
..
.the. oe he c Low and mood4, c4c. Le pha e4 and hoAaone Zeve Lo
occwt t4 nequJa V, iqn. o/. ed he e. vat, 14bie. - came -ta take an
an auAa aA .. nhene t. aoAm .-U, .ota bna4,,ia Ub,, (flZa . Cond-
Schtt, Un., 1978).
CLa4eti; meted i.4 the tapiiza. tLon that wamem who 4W/ en
.
1har rzer 4t tzU t d2 LLU" have newtoUc tendenc,. t" apt that
.-c .
neuna.. tc waren cute pte. d o4ed to pe tAva. L -. en4 on.
7n th 4 tudii it, wa, o found that a u.Gj-ec to Vi ha wt
. . .
p&er,7,erw u a.L d . e44 cvte 4. UA7 -L, t 1"4 r euna ec than the.
ave e man oz Uran= in ,the 4anpCe. !2 in the cane w-Uh

pnen jl4tAV c-L pa in, the 4U qect4 without m ea4tAua pain have

4orieurhat aOAP- 4. tcth c UQ aca than .tha4e. with n.. Ld dt a-

co4o, tt. Tran the4e d. {, ýceo th .the. -, PQ 4ca4e, o U cautd
be concluded that wor,Len ai. o do, -:not comp,La2a a/ p to en4t .aL
apt rt &vat di4t4e44 na. t 0(24 a-ce .Le canac. Lows OA cV-cUc
4y LptonwJtoLaqV a 4obutae ejLOtZonaU4 mom 4ta to than he
.
cava,cage and that coapta in t-o of- 4t zong/geve .e
dt4t'zgA4
.iss
-,ndicat Lve o., ag tea te. t come m (even awat., nP_ *) with pe&iad C
char g ea ors wet a4 a lock, of- eno ta na. L at, a )r.i, l i,.t u..
Ta 4tad out what, c) a.cte't ieo 4pecfAcat14 pet4an2C-
-iU" OA h o4e. Reopd e who have a 4enctenc towaad phy ü. ca. L
,
4 Vrrtpiacvs (headachea, c.tanp4 etc., ) and th04e
backaches,
without, a quad. i attve ancth1 t4 of the A"jaort4e4 to cet. t -n
,btea4 an the &PQ urarmmade At each 4c.-l ct.
T j., no-t one 4w& e.Clt t4 comLptz,teJ4 tee .ftom pawn.
4tpnp, tanz4" The que4-t. Lan t4 one o/ deq cee;
Secondbi, Iro.th nen and caanea who ¢. c without aodeAate
to 4thon phV,4tca. L 4V. ptom. o ate aeaZ: ý ghee moat
depvicewaed f-eainp etc. , a4 .ofhacln b't; the ih .... parue to Uenz4
(3 they .show a be t-te i than ave ace enot ona-L dra Lance
,"7,23)
(15,19,77) ate . th ce4ta a o4 jaec t4 a4° dn,ude¢uaclý 4etLt,
LotjeA
(72) have 1"4 Lendenaa to w ti d aw' Lt (38) und
on 4ea
nc02. 04 a U, r-=4, W.e.4 therwe2ue4 eot. i.onzU 44 t&i Le (31,41,
75).
The total p4 tu a4 the worzw7- who dojo aoL. com./p-La-Zti
of- merwtAva Ld
4t W44 in, to m Oý phlý4tCa. L 4VAPv nc7toLo9.,
. -o,
L4 Lz U
14 lw4 the o the. pe uan, who a ipea. o erwaon
Lcu-LC do" t "-act ar-i tli
&a Lanced, and th p A. t , n.o. e 4t
. ,

11i
depA,P-44.i,an a2 4haw erw tt ona l- on J;odV 4tpLpfton,
4 oA 4tur tn.
.
The ptc. tw e. ope teal bV, the 4 CaVec24 UhO co i z-in oý,
C d iss
ntode to to to .otwnq. [JVM i,c_a. 4 t4 - as W rwaI4 Itwt the
opp.a-. i te. The om
uYart. hegte hater iccquen t. 4pa. - r,7.o ocUne44 ,
-. eet, j awedW Y. Le o4en cor.. ide, ci hehz4e 4a ncc. uaU4 p.e an,
,
and gem u p4e t ea4 Jn add tf on .to the e, tunt womm
. ,
who have node z to to 4eveA e. nen.4tuua, C d L4 tA"4 haue a . en denc+,
i.
to ncp tt -in the a. Uýve o the. ¢ue4 ion "Do Vou a Aen fee L
.ý
tone. Ly. ?" 74oa rues,4anp, Le -the&e am We.
.. warnen th tli L4 q-toup,
oat, y, one o& wh,Lch ha4 an a&narrral b,. ht h flea ota c i.. v 4wAe.
.
R Ugh p&o aox. M on oý- mat" L the. a.tuz i have h.Lgh
.. ..
f1e.W a. %c L4n 4co ý-awt ol, rah.+.ch have a. tendenc .to conPta-fn
,
t We2, L a4 Lanc. L
an a phb wtcc c4 on an ena .1a4i .
The o,J4enved coy.. La Lan4 I.reetcreen pliýto. Coc. ca.{.
4y torurto, Cog4 and rood/Re oaaGi td ram4ton aý- anxtc tr.,
-vr, UtatTL. (. itV and de)2A"4,. on anad the dwewence4 o.&.
oetued ta
nepo4±ed 4y m,-tams are br . no ne..an 4u vt i4tns,, and th e4e (2ncUn
cou, Ld po ab.Lt .&e dw acteA-i4ed a4 too a-bu oc . to tja&, w t
dn.ue4.t i.gat. Lon.. ffoweven, .t,t nlwAtan t to note 4eve C
.
4epa. t.e t44ae4 Laced to -th.eae. 4Zad tnq.
.. .
T-iut4, hei a,2e .too termpete.d &V. dr -P-Ae tia. )- ). e4pon4e
p t..tenr. ac .o44 worsen anad mien, and Lt - inpzo tan-t not- to noun
.. . .
too eaz. t4 a canc. Lu4ton a.Gout the eftecto oA phywic-a, L exiw-ttertce
anri rza to ads 4t than abcu t enot Lonu, C expo &tance related to

men4-t4w.at ,ohenaaena.
Exambiattoa aý the pon4e4 ion
ind, Lu-idea-L 4a&icct4
. .,
1cevee-4 a 4t, ý./J paUe2rz aý, .tncan4. i4-tenCL.. c 4044 4LU4ect. o'
e4p. on4e cha tt4 " /4 noted, gorLe 4 b:ýect4 evLdenced at-Wag
red a 2on4h a4 between 11e. u-io. t ic i4nm vafi Lao-Le4 and
,
c.
p4Vrhod. ac a. ua L Lea
Lcth.. a4 rnea a..ted ýy, the IM 2, anad o the u
Secandd the ^ip..Le 44e.
evidenced no Ouch n.eiatLondhLp4. ., aa,
U the FPO teed an trio occcu., on o on. 4.
ua4 uoty . º;.a. and wa4 coma
34 &en atn4 ý-on twee &e.,,ea4che4 to dem J n. a. 4 lV- woh.tch w-U..L
.fl
2ti tnd Lv Lduad. uani ati. oru r. o4.4a, 14 and 4epUca e the.
ex,
ve.. L, mUon acUh the add., t-Lon aý an onrw. & o'p. -oaºur. ,
-in. .
non i to4c' tunniagC pa4a Aet to a ph.V4,t,od o¢i. cxrl,/Mtccho. Lor, i.co.G
ptoq, ar, , a1 o1J4envat-Lon. Thilo rzaýLhe. L/i to untanglz tAs cor. p.. ex
bta. Goq,ic, 4ac ci-L and p cha. Lacr,Lca.L in , 4VAnce4 that a#ect rood

4t4. te and .&ehav.Locvc.

M04,0-utank ice CU40 needed to ex .La4e. what l.uct -O-Uon o
.

r'
118
ex-Lot in the extznt to t hL h age cont&tbwte to the Aeiatlanoh. Gp.
betureen icood, pe onal i tc,. and &e=vtou t dnV.A,tudy tng phe and pout
azna chea4 ý .t.t. and pie and ßo.at-m"enopauoa, L women. indeed, the
d.Lot t4 mot ex/u 4 We; Lrotktng wtth patou a and nw Upa. tou4
women] 4te, i. L 4ed and athoae harz n h" te&ec;tomie o, a4 ared.C ao
. hone 4Uf-j?P-4ang .14orn 4exaad, p ahi vu (L. e. van. 4/,V-1O, ýý)
woyýLd go a .Long wac. UL the need tvhtCh 4t. U ex 4t4 X02
.
an a.c.cu c .te 4 pZC Lf-- .ca .l on, of- the behau a cvt that ap pzww to
ca-vmtate uri th the ae tAua t cV- e.
The a 44u np t ian that the mervtw L cV c-Le tep tpuen to an
"tadepenxt2. n n UCUt L&-. e LLth2ch maut "ccw4elr oz nexptain" va4tance

a the tndependent aea4ute4 a-A mood", .&el=tou ö and .oynptomo

.iss a deep.Lci.. agAaLned tenet
. o.- the m.edLca, L-p4V-htat vLc a p-wach
to oten4ttaaJ. cc c Le tc iea- ch. The undeAbj Lg. taiag. Lca-L vaAta). 'Le
(e. g. Kosnone E.LuctuczUonc) that /ZeJI4 L c.
VcLe Deo am
. .
a- 4 uned to 4e. f.Lec t feure typ t been viewed ao "ha tde4. and
i
mane "lxu. c va abtz4 than 000d4 on &ehav.Lowu Jr4. uced 4g oth"
non-men4t Lat actoh o.
9t po44. Li te, even, tLke&j,. tha. t li na.o va
.i4 .tndtvddcw.
the e x-terLt to which th. eºy exh2h. 2 c Vr-&4 tn. paAtA u.Cat tnooda
..
and In the 4 tine in Atance of- va- Lawo cW14a1. tn4ta nceo oc
.
deter 04 the. pprJcho2oq t=C a to o. Such 4U494-4-t i on d
-IA
. he a-impt cU. o. the no tf an that the men t-tua. Lc V-& cau "
Lack
achange o th maada" and the &e4a ted a zap Uon o that to UvtduaL

moo d4 need MO t be 4 pec i. ft ed and that o then catty at /. ou and

,
t/W thm ot tth ash pv2ad4 cam be d i, onegonded.
.
lllo>teoveA., . h.eitz t4 coa4 detabie ev2d¢nce that the nen4tt ic. L
be arty exagenocca ýacta4o whLch n,4 it be
cycle can
ti L&je tied coo "4t w- o.ö" (a a/ ökt anal T öhe i, 1967;
colt e.c ve4 .
J&t e LL, 1972). .L p4o v.Lde o an a Ue ria. ti ve .to the .tAad t-t onca. L

viere tho t b,. otogiy "exp bV, ºº thee &ehavtoint o 4=pt zat-tn¢
.
i" on .oug.¢e t4 tA4 2 Broth the
4- tuu#. Lana-L ua&, L a4 neo
behaut uA4 in que4ttom and the pha oe Olt the cl
czj. e ate A"pon oZ&Le.
St4g &L th,. i o v. Lew, ld "ccur both behau tout and dr.
Lo. Lo¢ Lca-L
wau oeºº
tV tn
tn4iuen. c.. g ccyc. Le h (Pa t.&e, 1976; xae a ke, 1980)
4t4. te. .l e-ru .
tb-%o Uon4 conuAnAn9 the C4 o. - c yc A
,e4, qu cfuvcacte'z24
dwt tZ=4 4-t..te 0 (e. ¢. Lei' zth, d 4"e Olt patAetn. alt
occuhJGIJL n1f oý
/e t4pt pauamzteU) have
euaac{at 4y ptom2ia-Cagµ, at RAld4tO44g2ca4
Geer tM LOfl L4t Lp
Ld. o, goo dt feu u oua t
na .. toed . 4tLch C W44-4ect
been inzPO442b.Ce .o eve-Lea to .th d Ue to ve hypo. the-a. i o cU tect4-
. a.
Ta.tw e

119
 4t" ei
4hawLd corn :n at 1ov, =t, Loa
.t aaae 4uýge4tzve
an utctuc. L cgcte CJ act 4 4Uco.
thougJa4A d, coa4 i de %atLan. and 40un.d ie ArJL aAe
needed to avoid the pttpa-L and h i,dden a 4Uara : ono aý .the
aigunent c&&out worien'4 Gehcrv-tou2. To
.
4uy %e4.t that bta da¢. mrxct, under c.en to la Ci Ar-wu an cea have
,
an Jin4.11Lece on hehauiowc d4 na-t ideat Lca.L to 4uy in. t that
Gehav4i oun t4 xeduca4Le to 1rto.Loq. i va bare.. 7.t .ou¢cie4.#4
. .
t/w. t men and uroren a4 (-)caupa naji. G" to brea-t on .the. t .Ue
.
d L#e t
en aeta 4 4k i, Ll..o and value 4 that. cw a. t 4e
-ta-Lea .
gAea t. Ly. c ateg. o ,L4 d a4 "bettet" 04 "taofiiae". Aprycer-
, aa
and w ,. a U on o4, .thee d i. 'P-Aen.c e4, ao.t den ia. L aý .them.,
4houtd .become a mane 4,s4pec tab. Ce .a-tance fan ür0nke-u -in VU 4
.f etd aý te Batch.
T,torn p41dcha.Log 4t'4 ;W to t Of- u ev, the ma o/
-the .
dnteA&L4 ptZI &1j ne aea tch on the mp-"Uua l- cVr-4e t4 to
exp, Lo e W04/4 in urhý,ch bioLoq iccr,1, Pýo cha Caq. L,
Lca. and cwttcvia, L
f, ctc to, %4 .irate tact to de teAmine. women:o exp24Lerice4 and &ehavtou-t.
UaAtows dt4apt Ule.a have tAadd, 2ana. L4 .focwoed on di e2en-t
a4peCt4 o1ý .the..se in teAac ti ono, The b a.Lcq-L. t .tendo to
enpha4 4e. the phy44,o4ogtca, L ua-2abie. 4, the 4ac aLoVi t and
tAe aatJi topo. Loqi4t. PcL4 an 4oc i.ocu1,t,w aLý actono, and the
.
p4 cha-Logi4t exa thiec the crackthe .indtvtduaif4'- pa t. and
p tcAen t to -tact cn4 La-Uh the envt. orrmw-n t de. e2mhe &?JVWL0Wt
and expeALence. The ddb e2e.. nces dA enpha o,U &"ut int lion
d eitert p.e44pec iea have 4 are t Lne4 been m. i nten. -
theme .
pt red a r-oapz ti. nq /Phan woAA4 P& expJ-atn4Aq the 4m-,Le.
phenomenon . Theke 14 eves Auuon to th ak t badV4t.
. .
te4 cum lied Le.p and nd Lv. dWLL h.L. too eoa. U. P-C
-a , .
not" Li, deteAnAnu. 9 . Gehaviouu and expe. Uenee, and lu-Aath"eq
how Lava Lap. eta to LL no urarg. exc-CIde
about vaAL J)-e4 at one .
on d.-Ucorl. f h
uL Vao, the. oe4 about the eq. ec to -
a. va aalst 4 at
otAe4 d.evet4.
SZýý, thz&e ahe a meat mar4 japs In ouA 4n..f oAnat-4 on
&Joett the haLoq Lca 1. eaneom. U#.an t,4 o, the mC114ttue4r4 Le
eIJ-e.
pc
tt4e. 4. Qnce aga, Jn the dc. naM4 ol trutty i.dua. L anu - 4u li-
the 4-
cu-Ltw. a.L d .en. ce. º ta expe 2e c.e oven c0ut4oe -the

acen4 L cýccLe na41..adeed, need to Je con s.i,dened cco4e

? a-. e.'4 (1973
4e&, Lo u44, th cuz thee have been i the /2a4 t.
.

120
 Da CL4 ut7qe-4-t-n¢ d.i 4zzen c" &L aetL -. ceßoZt Lq q- jw,.w tuca. L
4Vn orm4 anon tiomen, with Cathodic, ?no.te tac=t arul y.etjf4h
backgAoWLd4, hoc exas P-Le, pa e. an lnt., n¢ p oJjlen ý,o4
. .
any. h.eaAet, iCCL. L exp. LancvtL0n4 o,,P the Ay. ho.Cog2ca,C a4pZct4 oý
rzen4t, t i,an. G3e4hou pAthap4 look 1ýwWz. e, lton Ouch
-& d LutduC-L w cl 4cuttLA LL dt1.. ýc ea a nonce urorwn &rep to we
.o
GeconLe too eathu4. L4u c atrowt .iarge geneAat theot¢ of. the
.
rrp4u,cho. Cogy, oA men4tAvatLon" v;Uhowt a.#,ternotincr to 4/uec N
? on uh Wz. waren and unden what ct4x- wv3.tan. ceo the theo24
. .ri
Ecue.
7hi j Z- no. t to 4aV that ¢enena-L :then, eo about the
pray chotoq t caL a4p ct4 ojý the mc_. n-o un L cryc le 4howLd not be
. .
pw ued. Some o, he mart Ln1io tont uron.k on the P4Vchc Log..
ol. ,the ruuvwtAz z. c- c to t4 to . type. d"c uxed dry, Xoeoke (1980)
and fib-i and-ScM). bl.,; (1979) P& Le. They.
.l exaap. ate exp. cA4w
the att z Uut LonoL [aoce44e4 thfeougA which altered 4adV.
. 4
a. a tea acqu e.. pptj cJLai oq ca.C nceaniang At the. Z dZv dua L ,in.
the context o.A he, to at .Like .dttv4tton. This wank i, o
.
-th eone tt ca, C In an exp- cwtt wad, and ap peah4 to 'z e4e 2t
.p
the Geq-Lm iý al. a Ram th. ct w-i.LL 1, dn.
. .mj, on gap. o
ex-f r. r¢ MV-chotoq Cca-4 ea cA an the nwna ucaL c. cLe.
Jn addit-Loa to &e4eczich dL ected .toura td4 theo44
.
con, *t c , ton, we. need to gather de4c t pAtue data on. the
. Cat LarL4hL,q between Leha.uLou'c a 4oc Lated with rmn.o.#Au.a t on..
and othet ctkci c .&ehmvtaut4. Ton exaapte, we need to know
hour beLcwLou L anad matLonca cyc e4 a44ociated wiVL the
.
nenw.WC . CIJ. cte alte 4? Lated to pVchoi-ogLcat, &hVtJvn4
a44oc ted with the. day,, week, m.an th and c ec+h. 7U4 v.L.ew t
4thon ,4 Neid dret Pa iae who ice cu cn tl cL aronl: in
. . th-4A
.
context.
One al. the. 6irjean ? ion iLhe pAe4ent .rte. eNLCh .tomthat
.
men exp.e.- Lence some 404,24- of mood c4cle. 7h t4 Lo an dfißo tt-
. .
Gd nok be. pt'-Gum when, we.. Coak
ant a al. 4tud and .ohou.
a-t the, thu.. L c; c. Le irL AR-La t£an to the dnd. W. Ldua. L.

flcC., UUocW (1971) &e4eaAck on, ne z4th a.L . CJ

LJn. po. Ln to
.d -WV- .
to the natu xt.L a44unaUon . hat a rrxut ttutng. w-Lth a woman,
here Uc in. rlood and ýeharrLaun.
cauLd, .in .-Lne., pcvz.
a-ýteL cy.c. c1 e4 ,
Whateve, c the phV4-i a.Log.ýca.C aech XM 4m a pna duc lj4 R4 .Cho-Laq Lca.L

the 1. Le., ýeýse° L Lo

chanqe4 oven the ccuiv e4 ncn.a u. a. c.y.c. .
t 40 de 4
C. V.Je. Auch
needed to Gov-Lde aome come WZULtM wrh-Lch

121
P.oVdLo.Lag,Lccz,
L chwigi and u4-e4. a the U 4eiZttu oinn t,Aica ice
..
.ia the to ioa UYOM 4 and a rian'4 exp "ce and .Gehautowt.

1zZ
CORMS.7012s 4; 4
The nevt4ed zahn 7 aý. the ßlnrn..
s-tAUG L D.Lathe 4 QLL o on-
n vUtz 4h.aur4 ptoat4 . a4 age to o.L ca pa.G-Leo-ý
.
me4 uA,la; nzood/ ph"4o o q..Lccr.L change dw ng the menozL ccc le"
ff ocueve,c, ino4e tiLAo ma ti. on n eed4 to be ¢o thcced Siaa a. ae
.
g4iaup oA women, oven a .Lo, etp4, tod aý t tae Aot contZnua. L
Ae4, ame... t of, the ¢ue4ttanna-Ure e opec i ad,G1t to tx. 44 it4

7o&a 7 aapza44 no.t to de z Uc mte over t inz and Z4

in t Ma-t can t4 te.,
nt, .ind Lcat I.W that, tt t4 4UttatxLe ion woe
. -, .
iii- do Üwe4t, Lga tort. o ivLOV ld4 -i t i4 u.
4ed on a daV4
. . .
&a4t4.7a un 7 can be aßp' a p4.Lat eJ4 a? p Ux d and cantp.Le2ed .Gyp
.
wz-Lea w.WL on. 44 UCjht atUe attona.
3t U ctea t that warnen do con 4i4 to t4 exp Betei e
dijtp-u.nt de¢neeo and 14pe4 o/ 4Vaptonl and -that .theoe amp.
and do, vaa* Awn cvc. Ge to c x-&. Some women acre awaiie of, th U
-,
com th avwt4A aL peA2.ad, othe. t4 ate- not. M canto dou lzt on
.U
the .idea that. ntv.. za2.4VM t omuta. Log4 can be explained an the
ha..ü o of- 44o rytc panae. o. gat a.Lso padn to to the need ion
Pau4z ne oea4uhe 4 to dhow' .th. ahma ton gathe. ed dart .Lnd.Cvi.daa.L
d
and q-toua .E1e cence o, and.. ta inz Lude. ¢uaUtatt4re a4 U
are, a,o
quarr ti tat i ve data e. ¢. ca4e hZ,&toAi ea and to

&aev/tcJL iss needed that .taken ga-to account the p dV cho-

.
o9 cn, L e %ec to not 0rU4 a., the n I14 t a:L c r-& lrwt 04 athR-t
.l .
i.
phyw, a. Loqizat nlu t&u, p044. J4. having d.i. MxAent peUodq, as
weU ao the IZ
4OC. .-paycho. Log L
cc. contezt wLt n which the bads

chan.9e4 ate expe4 Lett ced and given rveaninry . fan the Ll d vide zL.
.
?.t L ve Vt. app tent . ion tJUA oteoecvuh .tha t mate 4 atzo
ohaw chant; e.o, and ahoi theoe chan¢eo mad also be WG ca.L
. mood ,
and that ihw4 matp at 4o he belated m pa At to c4cJ ca-L va4Laf-L0n4
thzi, c /choose p tn.e4u n2aiy an mad, not be ex .
Glommen, who .ou#e-t Aaa moderate . to 4eve&e rycer; C
ie 4t)UJa. and/o'c
nen4 w LL dt4Lt, e o.o may. ahour moodJ. behav. Lowto, L change th eveA da.ti.
U4 i
wh. ch ma we U a#ect hwo. ian do ch. L cite n and .
,
U¢.uy Lit tLe nýa on tom avatiab. Le on the W44 i h.Le 4Vn. chan-,
.t .at . ,
t aUon, aý, p 1tiwto. Laq tca. L, ernot torw2 and .behavtowca. L pat to "
LLvtn¢ togethe and te 4-4c t.
o44oci a ted with m.en and wame. n. . t -'z
on. ch-U.d t n..
Of- pegtbionce deved op wA t and u 4e oý ap p-top4La t.e
i4 the
. .
4e 4-mon i ton inß. equipment, ouch a4 the lien-O& aL I)t4t ta44
.

J23
 Que4t. ionn tAe, the ion de tec
. ea 44 on oý mertio-tAcuL-.te.La ted
d.iAf: Lcit2,tdLe and. the dete4muuatoa oA app plate Ji2.o1 gicaL
mwck o w4e4a ta de to m Uvtaq. t4ea. tment and mann ew t. aý, the
.
pAobLem"
; twt ass tapoAtw 24 the oA krau; ea dc
,4i
aua if abta .ton eaV4 de tec. Uan, .ouch a4 the eaL ofvnen t aA
_
an educa .i ana t, and 2n/, o' n.af ana,L o&qant; a4ton Act pnP.manatuiat
.. enw-Lon and merL4tAua.L d-i,4t'z.e44 to dt44eJztnr to MZteA a,L and
.
g Lue guidance to women 4t fjt. e e.. * kea.L .. t. c meano MU4-C be
dev, Ued alt neach t nt and e duca &W the gene taL pa pu.Lc ttan.
, .
Patient educa-Uon nuat be. the ¢aa,L ojý th4, m.p .
There 24 game eu2 deuce ne.W,ting 4 eveie muL4 t luLa.L d i4 4
to the dock of- eaotanaL . halb ýt. Glarner who do rat compLa2n
oAp nen4-t-taa L and/or mz" t-v.La-L dt tte 4.o act on 4t age. .Cee4
candC Lace ar- CVrC 4V ptomato. Cagcf Gut appea& mane enot'tanOLI4
Le (a4 nzeaou&ed 4V the £öenck Pennon Utrt Que4ttann44, M),
.of.
and comp iVA of, 4 iang/. oeuete d24W oa 24 .th4 c.a-t, Lue alt a
greaten cane m txW pei2od2. c changed as weU aa tack oA
em.c L
ona, q to UU. tt c. TU4 ? tncttruy 24 Gaped an a uenc ama,U
nvm.&" of, peap. Le and wauLd .negwt eun uodn.¢ a much
ta4qx, t aaii p,Le. The te.Leuance oA .th L r, &uUng die. 2n the
A044 tttttt alt 4-tudc uP "int4fZ4t4rei* ayaptam. pane q aoccpd OA
women u U;, iru,. an on-go2ng pzA4onat U j. naan.Lton Aunn Lv/. RaAa.GCe. L
to a pc hOt.09, Catlph. r 4oCFd,
og f ca.L p4og4aJa e o.- atr4enua ti on.
,
9ý, a4 a nwnten at üwe oo toA4 have .ohown, women' a
heao&t4 o/ rna tuia, L te-tx&ted 4ym$om 2oLoq4 cue 4V
a. WLdeo, be. Ue. /4 cone aa.&. g men.a.tAuat i.an, .the
and expec. #a, 2ona
deue4apm ri t o.A thee. a tt tude4 and be Ue f nut4t acuu ue * eah lJ -
at the ,tine aý mzn:acehe, ßo. o44.)-7 befo .
Panent, a,L a. Ltud",
.
mate, wat exp4JL. Lenze and 4ac2o-CUJ-{. l.l4&. b2-tte f,i0 nut-L trLjttURJlr-e ZB
RP on ion mzna he ion daughLen o and Lan 4on o. IROAeconk 24
UO'L Pt
needed to ex ione the extent to whtch age- and A,%ePa&a;
nzenatnuaUon can#hib te4 to .the t onoh. a between mood,
p. 1L4on ,
Ljt, V and &e tWtOU L bli. 4t4Ldy bnq. Alte and poi -

9tt24 and pre and p04t-menopwi aZ women..

72na t i., in.. th 4 context, ane,, ; Vnaeco. o yi ca.L event tn. the-
.
U4 4
a. a tram= (G, i, vth, h tj.ateec tam. oexua,L d-i oandeh) wt U no
, .
doudzt haue a. p.,wpund e". P-ct on heA m Mt.. w,o,C cjtc. Ce and a. .push
4hawLd be .taken .into con otde t Lon.

12L.
 APPEfD3X 1

1. (!lean and Standc, 4 Devtatton4 fat e 00 dc Uz4

,ta each phase a the 7ea4. t to L CrtcLe. Ccc.Leo 1&2.

2. TataL 00 4canp-4 OU 4 60 day. pzUad. Phte and

3. MQ 4eo&.e o (T) /arc. 8 4rMp.tom 4caL" auen 2 cýyclý. a.

ITla e4 and TenzUA4
o

4. Cue. S^tudte a. MmteAand Tee).

-125
 TRBLEA

/NEARS#WD STRIZURRDDCU.RT1ORS TOR THF 11EJ1STUAL DJSTRCSS QUCST30jZrW7RE

CHICLE. CLCGE 1 RIW 2
SCALES 7fl CRCH PARSE 07 THE 1ThLflSTRWW

3Fl ,
-s
0

PRCMnSTRUR.C C
I ZCfSTRUA. .1CUCRlZEfSTRURL
C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2
PR.9R
A 7.50 7.37 7.87 10.33 6.57 6.85
B 13.12 11.25 12.00 13.50 9.42 9.28

C 7.25 11.14 7.57 8.32 6.42 6.14

D 12.42 8.00 7.85 6.00 6.57 7.28
E 7.71 7.42 9.28 7.85 8.14 7.00
7 9.85 9.42 12.28 9.28 7.57 7.85
9 7.71 7.14 8.35 8.00 7.57 7.00
H 9.00 11.71 9.71 6.71 6.42 6.57
0 9.85 8.14 10.28 7.40 6.28 6.42
12.57 11.00 6.57 6.42 6.42 6.85

707/IL 96.98 92.59 91.76 83.81 71.38 71.24

x 9.698 9.259 9.176 8.381 7.138 7.124

S. D. 2.400 1.850 1.900 2.220 1.030 0.890

Izý
 TABLE Al

DUSTRESSQUCSTJORRO
REJI11S/11W STRILDRRDDC1J5RT.OfS TOR THE f1ECLSTRURL
SCRLCS J12 EACf{ NOSE Q7 THE II EIZSTRUR.
C CCCI£. CLCLE 1 /R1W2

9'EIIIRLES

P I1E12STRWLC Lr: nSTRUAL n£f07RUC

91ZTERI.
.
Cl C2 Cl C2 Cl C2
Cora
R 8.00 8#50 8.00 9.00 8.00 8.42
8 13.25 11.00 15.00 14.25 9.62 10.00
C 8.25 10.85 9.71 8.32 8.00 8.14
D 9.42 10.14 8.00 9.20 9.28 8.85
C 9.57 9.28 9.28 9.28 8.14 8.00
9. 12.85 12.00 11.57 10.57 10.14 8.85
8.71 8.71 8.57 8.71 8.71 8.14
10.00 13.71 8.42 8.14 8.14 8.57
9 9.00 9.28 10.71 8.40 8.14 8.14
10.71 10.14 8.14 8.71 8.42 10.00

TOTRC 99.76 103.61 97.40 94.58 86.59 87.11

x 9.976 10-361 9.740 9.458 8.659 8.711

.

S. D. 1.810 1.600 2.210 1.820 0.760 0.740

127
 T/BrF-A

pZeAns Ana sTRnwARw x-m7ians ToR me imiz ss ouasraontmgjm

uAL z. sT.R&.
SC/LCLS 9n ERCk ?W SE OT 7RE r1 ns7 ucc cLE. c,GE 1 Ani 2

T&MLES
C
P72ýmýnSTRUR. OZMS72UU turf FJSTRa,QC
c1 c2 c1 c2 Cl C2
BC
R 5.12 5.37 5.12 6.60 5.00 5.42
B 10612 6.12 19.12 7.75 6.28 6.14
c 5.00 9.00 5.57 5.66 5.00 5.74
D 8.14 8.00 6.00 5.80 5.28 6.71
5.00 5.28 6.71 5.14 5.14 5.00
7 6.57 8.00 7.85 7.71 7.00 7.00

G 5.28 5.42 5.14 5.57 5.85 5.00

H 6.71 13.14 5.85 5.42 5.57 5.42
9 8.27 7.71 7.57 5.40 5.71 5.57
9.28 7.71 5.85 5.85 5.71 6.28

707*,
qr 69.49 75.75 74.78 60.90 56.54 57.68

A 6.949 7.575 7.478 6.090 5.654 5.768

S. D. 1.900 2.360 4.200 0.950 0.620 0.720

1z,
 TA,3Me.

RUBS OLD STAI2DARDDEU.AT90IZSTORTHE IICfSTRUALDOSTRCSS QUEST90Rl?

A3RC
SCACLSJfl CAC11PWWASC
03 THHC RUALCt CCC. Cf CL. 1 ARD 2
Ii1El2ST

TCIThQCES

RURL RLIRL
RIEBST IERS7RUa
gn7CRl?
PRrEns7-,
cl C2 Cl C2 Cl C2
RR
R 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
B 9.87 5.00 7.50 7.62 6.85 4.85
C 4.12 4.00 4.42 4.00 4.00 4.00
D 5.50 4.28 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.28
C 4.14 4.00 4.42 4.00 5.28 4.00
4.71 6.00 5.57 4.00 5.42
5.52
4.14 4.14 4.00 4.14 5.28 4.00
4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
4.00 5.28-
9 4.42 4.57 4.85 4.00 4.00 4.00
4.42 4.00 4.28 4.00 4.00
4.00

49.71 44.40 47.19 41.47 45.41 42.55

7 4.971 4.440 4.719 4.147 4.541 4.255

I)
. _
1.160 2.320 0.970 0.490
1.820 0.450

129
.
 TRH

RCIDSTRl2DRPDDEU9RT70I2S30R TC
111ERl1S IIIEI2STRURLDJSTRFSS QUE.
EST301U7RVR&
Sc/u__S 3IZ EACH PW{RSC
07 THr l7E12STRURL
Cp: a. Z 1 Rl11)2
CC,

7EJ7QCCS

1'RCffJ2ST W2L DZC1?

STRWRL 91ITp-ROERSTRUAL
Cr C2 C1 C? C1 C2
OR
R 5.00 4.75 5.00 5.20 4.00 4.00
B 10.37 6.50 10.12 10.62 8.71 4.57

C 7.00 8.00 5.57 4.83 4.00 4.00

D 5.42 5.42 5.00 5.20 5.28 5.14
C 4.14 4.14 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

7 7.57 7.85 8.14 7.71 6.14 6.57

c 5.28 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.00 4.42
H 6.42 6.28 5.42 4.71 4.14 4.14
0 7.57 7.14 6.57 5.80 4.00 4.00
7.85 7.85 4.14 4.28 4.28 6.71

707R.C 66.60 62.35 58.38 56.77 48.55 47.55

X 6.660 6.235 5.838 5.677 4.855 4.755

S. D. 1.820 1.480 1.950 2.030 1.530 1.060

ISO
 TIMLL Ab

D7STRCSSQUE.
mCJi12SR1W STARDRRDD£.U9AT30nS 7OR THF- D1FJ2STRIIRL STionim9R£.
C CIgc.GE. ChtCLF,1 RIL» 2
SCRLES YZ FACf1 PW1SCO9 TRC.DZU1STRUR.

TF_ZZLES

PPL STRUAL VEJlSTRURL JRTCRI, T RURL

'1FJ1S
C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2
/1R
R 8.37 10.00 10.00 8.40 8.00 8.14
B 16.50 14.12 19.87 13.37 14.42 10.71

C 8.14 10.00 8.14 8.16 8.14 8.57

D 8.71 9.00 8.00 8.60 8.28 8.71
E 1014 12.71 10.42 12.71 12.42 10.14
7 10.57 8.25 10.14 9.`71 10.42 8.85
9 9.14 8.57 9.28 8.85 8.71 8.71
K 14.85 17.00 11.57 8.71 8.71 9.42
9 13.00 11.85 9.00 8.42 8.57
12.85
15.42 16.71 9.14 8.28 9.00 12.42

TOTAL 114.69 119-36 108.41 95.79 96.52 94.24

11.469 11-936 10.840 9.579 9.652 9.424

S. D. 3.270 3.420 1.880 2.150 1.320

3.170

131
 TABLE

RRD STRR.
I1ZERl1S DRJ'D DCU.
JRToonS TOR ThhCl1EIZSTRURLDJSTRESS QUEST3O/ZC1R3R.
scd fs . 11 EJ1G .PHRSC OT THE I11C12STRURL
cam. CYCLE 1 111W2

T4LE S

PREnzE
nSTRa)L ! flSTRLIIL c
Jn7CRIfEnsTRun
Cl C2 Cl C2 cl C2
USW
ARO.!
R 9.25 6.12 8.87 6.80 7.42 7.57
B 13.25 8.50 11.87 8.62 12.00 6.85
C 5.12 5.00 5.28 5.00 5.00 5.28
D 5.00 5.57 5.00 5.80 5.28 5.57
E 6.71 5.57 6.42 8.71 6.42 7.42
7 10.42 11.71 12.28 12.00 9.14 10.14
ýa 10.14 5.14 7.57 5.28 5.57 5.00
K 5.42 5.85 5.00 6.28 5.28 7.00
9 5.55 5.28 6.85 7.20 5.71 5.85
5.28 5.85 5.2-8 6.74 6.00
5.14

TOTAL 64.02 74.99 70.97 67.96 66.68

76.00

6.402 7.499 7.097 6.796 6.668

R 7.600

S. D. 2.120 2.700 2.170 2.210 1.510

2.940

732. - 1
 TRB.
G&RS

NEAf2S R/L) STRoRRtD Dmi ug0f5 7Q TIC 1IEJ2STLQ.C DrJSTRESSQUES790f1ZRyRC

Sclz S 9i2 C/ZCHPfERSr CT TWW&
IpLOTRUR,C Cy.CLE. Cy 1 euw 2

TE/TIRIES

PRfrJZEflSTRURL RnFZSTXuac .JI17E '1EJ1STUOL

cl C2 cl C2 cl C2
COCIT
ROL
R 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
B 14.71 6.50 10.87 9.50 8.14 7.00
C 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
8.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
C 6.00 6.85 6.57 6.42 6.57 7.14
6.71 6.71 6.00 6.00
6.42 7.28
6.14 6.14 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
k 6. o0 6.28
6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00

6.00 6.14 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00

70TRL 62.62 66.72 64.63 62.71 62.14

71.27

x 6.262 6.672 6.463 6.271 6.214

7.127

S. D. 2.740 0.320 1.530 1.090 0.680 0.450

133
 TABLF- 81

REARS ACIDS7-f112D/1
D DCü9A7-90fS TOR 7RRF1ThE. DISTRESS QLLEST90Ci12R9RC
2S7-RL11L
SC/ILES on EACH PKRSF-07 ME l11Cl1STRWIL
CLL=. cum 1 q/ZD 2

PRF11E12ST
BURL _zr-nsTRl1 91UERnzCflSTRURL
_ C1 C2
Cl C2 C1 C2
PAWfl
1 9.75 8.00 6.87 8.35 6.55 10.14
2 7.12 10.50 7.62 10.75 9.14 8.00
3 11.00 10.62 9.75 9.75 9.00 8.00
4 11.12 8.00 7.00 7.00 6.00 6.71

5 8.25 6.23 8.13 7.00 6.43 6.00

6 7.12 8.62 8.75 7.25 7.00 7.14
7 7.12 6.62 9.37 6.25 10.57 6.00
8 10.00 9.75 8.00 10.87 12.27 10.14

9 6.25 6.00 6.10 6.00 6. o0 9.42

10 10.50 8.62 8.50 7.62 9.42 9.57

707AL 84.23 82.96 80.09 80.84 82.38 81.12

R 8.423 8.296 8.009 8.084 8.238 8.112

1.140 1.780 2.390 1.630

S. D. 3.330 1.670

134-
 Ti &E. 82

I1 JU2S A12DSTRtZDRRDDCUJAT.?
OIZS TOR THE, IrEIISTRURL DJSTRCSS QUESTJOIZ/IR.
RE
SULES 9R EACH PWWSC07 ME I1C12ST
RUAL cyCLE. CYCLE 1 R1D 2

11 rLs

JnTERMUT Rua c
P nsThaRL rncfS7RW%C
Cl C2 c1 c2 cl C2
canc
1 8.12 8.25 8.75 8.62 8.42 9.42
z 10.25 10.75 11.37 12.12 11.71 11.28
3 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 11.71 11.28
4 9.25 9.00 9.00 8.50 8.71 8.42
5 11.00 11.63 11.63 11.50 11.57 10.29
6 8.75 11.37 9.12 9.37 8.71 8.57
7 9.37 9.12 9.80 10.62 8.28 8.42
8 8.37 9.62 10.00 10.75 9.57 11.57
9 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.62 8.00 10.28
9.25 11.37 10.87 10.50 11.28
10 13.38

Tom'; 94.49 94.99 97.04 98.97 97.28 101.81

x 9.449 9.704 9.897 9.728 10.181

9.449

S. D. 1.700 1.340 1.370 1.440 1.440 0.780

135
 TABLE. 93

/,7EA12SAU STACUDAWD
DF-UJA7501'LS
70R TkC IIZCflSTWLC DISTRESS QU ST90ilfRThC
SCALES in CACH IWASC OT 7/F- IIZCIISTIIRL C. =
cf. 1 ARD 2

Piee.(m 2STRURC IMRS7RURL 91rrCRW-RSTRW2L

Cl C2 Cl C2 Cl C2
BC
1 5.75 6.00 5.85 6.3 7 6.71 7.00
2 5.85 6.37 6.12 8.12 6.42 5.85
3 6.00 5.00 6.62 5.37 6.42 5.85
4 5.87 5.75 5.87 6.25 5.28 5.71
5 5.38 5.25 5.50 5.63 6.00 6.00
6 5.75 8.00 7.25 7.12 6.28 6.28
7 5.87 5.50 6.25 5.00 6.28 5.14
8 6.37 6.87 6.75 6.25 6.42 6.28
9 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.10 5.00 9.85
10 9.87 7.25 7.00 7.37 7.42 8.00

TOTAL 61.73 60.99 62.21 62.58 62.23 65.96

7 6.173 6.099 6.221 6.258 6.233 6.596

S. D. 1.350 1.010 0.700 1.810 0.680 2.030

136
 TR.

TZEARSARD STAr. W,
vj) DEUJR7JOIZS TOR THE PERSTRUR.C OSTKESS QUEST. Ofl AVRE

c_sgn
SCP. EACH
PHgSF
07 THC CCJ
CgCLE.
IIn1Thuac -: 1 arrn2
.
R.CýS
n1?

FRUMPST UAL h7EI1STRURL 3127CMVZSTRURL

cl C2 C1 C2 C1 G2
qR
,
1 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
2 4.00 4.10 4.00 4.87 4.00 4.00

3 4.00 4.00 4.25 4.00 4.00 4.00

4 4.25 4.00 4.50 4.00 4.14 4.14

5 4.00 4.00 4.13 4.13 4.00 4.00
6 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

7 4.12 4.00 4.12 4.00 4.00 4.00

8 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

9 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 5.42

10 4.75 4.00 4.10 4.25 4.71 4.14

TOTALS 41.12 40.10 40.10 41.25 40.85 41.70

7Z 4.112 4.010 4.010 4.125 4.085 4.170

S. D. 0.030 0.160 0.270 0.220 0.440

0.240

137
 TRBL 85

Il?EJU1SR/?D STRUARD DEJ1.RT.gOfS TOR ME IIZE1STRUAL W STRESS QUCSTD012RRDRC

SCR.&S SC1EJ O ?ASE 07 T1fC IIE11S7RURL C.C&. CUC.GE 1 /11W 2

PR JE 2STRUR.
L flEl'ISTRUAL . C1TENE12ST
RURL
C1 G2 C1 C2 C1 C2
1JR
1 4.00 4.00,.. 4.00 4.12 4.14 4.00
2 4.25 4.35 4.00 4.12 4.00 4.00
3 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
4 4.50 4.12 4.62 4.00 4.00 4.10
ý 4.00
5 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
6 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
7 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
8 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
9 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

10 5.12 5.50 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.85

T0TAL 41.87 41.97 40.87 40.49 40.39 40.95

4.187 4.197 4.087 4.049 4.039 4.095

S. D. 0.370 0.470 0.200 0.080 0.080 0.270

138
 7 ABM 86

Ill£RRS ARD STAI1DIIRDDEU9RTSQfS TOR THE fl1El2STRWLC

D7STRCSSQUCS7JOI1VRC
sCR.GES In EACH UH SE 07 THE ('EAST WLC CLC.GE. CgC& 1 ARD 2

n,ALFS

PPF_Cl1£CRST
RURL RUAL
fflFJ2ST VITUM nSTBAAL
C1 C2 C1 C2 Cl C2
! IR
1 11-37 11.25 9.25 10-37 11.85 13.42
2 10.12 11.25 9.37 10.25 11.00 11.14
3 11.37 10.12 9.50 9.62 11.00 11.14
4 8.37 9.00 8.75 8.75 8.57 8.85
5 10.50 10.00 10.88 10.50 11.43 10.57
6 9.62 17.00 10.75 9.75 13.28 10.28
7 10.25 12.25 12.37 15.25 12.14 12.57
8 12.62 15.12 11-37 16.25 15.14 14.71
9 8.00 8.62 8.00 8.37 8.00 8.10
10 10.62 9.25 12-37 9.37 8.85 10.00

70 TRL 102.84 113.86 102.61 108.48 111.26 110.78

10.284 11.386 10.261 10.848 11.126 11.078

S. D. 1.390 2.740 1.310 2.680 2.210 2.020

739
 TRH

AI2D S7AI2DARDDCp'.
111EAIZS 11ZTg012STOR TIC r/CflSTR1LQC
DJSTRCSS Q11LS7.701211AJJL
SCALES _AAA PffASC 07 THE PIERS7R1LQ1
CYCLE. Cyca- 1 AI?D 2
-1R

ib4.CES

PXMRST RURL c V1TCR17flS7RWU

UJns7RUR.
Cl C2
cl C2 Cl C2
AROUSAL
1 5.12 5.00 6.00 5.12 5.00 5.00
2 8.75 6.62 6.75 8.00 8.71 10.00
3 8.00 7.12 6.25 10.62 8.71 10.00
4 9.87 8.87 10.37 10.25 11.57 10.85
5 8.50 9.88 9.00 9.34 9.86 8.57
6 71.50 11.87 9.62 14.12 10.42 12.00
7 8.87 7.50 8.00 8.25 10.28 10.00
8 6.37 6.25 8.00 5.87 10.14 8.57
9 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.25 5.00 5.00

10 9.00 8.25 11.12 9.50 11.57 7.71

70T/L 80.98 76-36 80.11 86.32 91.26 87.70

x 8.098 7.636 8.011 8.632 9.126 8.770

S. o. 2.060 2.280 2.020 3.160 3.180 2.330

140
 q&
7, 82

!lt£Rns arm s7IUWRRD ocox-JOPs C Dgs7-REss Qur-s7oannom

7OR 7RC IlEnS7-RU12.
sCR.CLs 91ZEACH ? It' SE 07 THE W-07RURL CLC..C. CLUE 1 R11.
ß 2

PXfl12J1ST
RURL IlLRSTRUqL L
91ITF-zmnsT R1LP.
C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2
coruioG
1 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6. o0 6.00

2 6.00 6.00 6. o0 6.00 6.57 6.00

3 6.25 6.00 6.00 6.00 7.83 6.00
4 6.12 6.00 6. o0 6.00 6,00 6.00

5 6.00 6.00 6. o0 6.00 6.00 6.00

6 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00

7 6.25 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00

8 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00

6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.25
9
10 8.25 6.37 7.62 7.42 6.28 6.71

60.37 61.62 61.42 62.68 60.96

C 62.87
7OWR.

6.287 6.037 6.162 6.142 6.268 6.096

0.110 0.520 0.450 0.580 0.230

S. D. 0.700

141
 1
-0
ý lo

-(- --°i-- --- ... 1 -- - -t -- ir

I, r

77
t". "-
I

-rf

AA
V"

_ y_ _......-_

-_... -..... 1
.. __.. __- .- .___. _.. 142. .. _ ._

3
31 a
n _

F;

ý. 4.
_

f
{j

ý1
I

-.

143
 cr,

r (ý
-

t- -'- F-gip, _' -- -.: ý--------- - ý:. ---may -" ' .-- `-
ý-_._-±: -_. _:-=-=-ý___ ____--=ý- '-=__ý.:::
--_: ------ -.

ILA

77 777ý 777,

.. y
 1*1 io

t
"

7,777

}}-

ýu. ýýT.

ý _rý -_
s yýý-ý-ý--ý ý. _ . _, _ý-=ý-. _r ý . r. _ß_-ý. -. _ý_...
- 4
ý. ( -" l1 -
- .. _ .__.. Y r I V-
-" . .. _
-
1

"t°ý : r,ý
 -'t

4- dtv

7>

- -

1.
^ 1- 1-. _ ý_, _'- __i -
_ý---"_ __ . _ý_T.. _ _-_. _
- _ _ -Y _ . _... __"- a_-`-+ _" -

15

- :

\'ý '-1.7_"`.
---'
I
- +ý-
I
-_-'--
-r t^I -_
_
"'ýT_l_
kf

.....
r.
ý-
.._. -
i-'e-t-ý. __. ".. _ -1-"- - -". -_l". _- .
---r"L-_l

` i "?ý- ý-- ý ý~ ýý ý
_^. _N -- .`_ -I---ý---ý_'-`- - ;-T-"»- T"
_}-ý. _.J. tom. .:...
._i--*-i--ý'- ' - ý-'`
` -ý i....
' ý--ý' a_ r _, -_ .. _... -ä. r"ý . n_ _"-_ --, may-. _. _ ..
"- . _-ý _ t_ J(ý^"-yý-'--` y «- -r-ý-f. w ' "}_1"_r"ß" . __ "-` rt- - - 'y1-" ._
ý- t"'
}"`t_ ý " ý_ . v-"'t_` 'ý '
ý+. ýy "ý"' I_ý 1-. ý
'I '__, -"ý-t--ý ý 1.. ._ -. _-ý _., -". -+I " _"-} fµ", Iý
-'- +... ý. f f. ý i_
_y_-1-_f_. -"-"-
_- _e- -- ; -r"-.. ýýLa. ý...
i"4. ^- - _ý. +-. r. _L-+ . _v.. ---" ....... - . -ý-+-"ný"- '
`I T".. ý
ý _ , _yýý
-'_ . -ý Th-i--l".. -L1-1 _ý
,
,,ýý ý a-_ý-+"-« '" '-1ý-'f- 1f-tý-1-
- _, _ ".! 'ý_ ' - _'- mot-, "l
ýi-ý , ý.. -rýt-ý-r-r-j-1-t_ "_"t '.. T-'r i. ._
ý
, ý. ý
"r '-^! ý--iý t. T., ä !ý r- _f_'ß", 1' Tý '_. ýL ý Ir 1_. 1,.. -_
t-. . _j__ , ý 1 T: ý _- ._ «... .. _ _. ..
ý _ . -.
ý
t.
ý. , 4- . --t-r- ý"+ _ . T... __a _ -ý ý. +- ". ý.... t...
'-t` i -ý. _"_i»«-. - -f.; __...... r.. -. - .. -ý, a. -t .. T-"'ý!. L.
ý. _ý , _ý. _".

7TZ

:ý
 --. -, - `- -, f-. ±
+ r_. ý- '_t--_-r: -ý ý>
t TY.., _. _ -ß-7_r .l_ _" .-, --- "- - -. ,. --.. - -. .

i I

,,, 4w

L-__ 1
h: ', TI "J _

- ýy

7 7-

P
o

-1

1= i

Li

--- -- -- --- ----- -- -

,yE-
 ýýdý

""_-`--" f "- iii b

ý ý _', "-
-- ý _ -' °-ý-

r
rt'l_J"_" -
ý_..,. ý., _--1.... _ý-ý t
-r.. -. _ __'_`-..... ", I ý_
. L L". -i_ {
-_. " } _. _... -L-"_ý + _. _-`.. -}Tt-' __ ý.. rý. _ i1-ýý .. - .. _. _T r__

-r-

t4ý
x' .
 ä-
ýº

rf

03

t_t

777 ,-
.

_i ----- -- -_ -- 19
 y. " 4. Y

,
I

"

"

; 77- F-E

-------------

'-_-i

7-77 ýý?
ýe
p, p: ýn
R_ ,
f
 j-1ä

iii _ _`ý _-ý f-.

"--- -- - -----. !ý
__- --' _-- -- -- 1- --
,.

'-" :. .rte;
_ bý -- -__. - _-ýýýý:.; _ _ - __{_-.:-- -"-- --ý:-:-
,_ .

-jL

-----
------- ------
YY
------ --- -F-
-----

pes.

iIýjIý 'ý
ýe'*rý
 I

I
h. 6% 0 11.0
-3

O
E- J

a
t° -c
=
ä w1 Q

i N
vº

W
.. Ul

k,

0. 152,

r"- a.
 ýIt

ý-
-i -- - -- -- - -- r- .__1 _. --- -

71-

7,77

ý\
I

1.
_ "- _ . -w ______ý_

1-71

17-7

7 7777i4

y
 _
''ý" i.... t
ý_r_ý. T' 1. ä-ýýý....
I'-! "f - _}_''. -v i" . . __ _a- . -. - . -i_. _"- r_. _ --"- }} _ .11 a_ I ..

-
tit t_{

AV
.t, ý

1-4 -

i - ý VT-
+{ TC
i
T- r - 1 =

14-

t{ 1 [n

-
74-

71-

-
- ----(jam ----{-ý--_... _ ------{ --- --- -- a-
.,,_,ý "-- -'_'
7 - 1

fýi r
 7g

-:.
Ot
1.

".ý

Ir
I

ý%' fir----
s.
ý;- ~. _----,
-------1--ý---------'--------- - -"-- ---- -- - -'---"-
-
ý. 7 T-1
r - ` ý~ r -j
; - ý--
-F- ---_- ---- - "_- ., -- - -r-----ý --= -+- -"--- -- - O '. __ _ -
--

-JD
---
Wit- -- ------ -- --ý_ý--_-- - - -- _'ý- -_ ý_ -_" . -:.:.. '
_ý --
74-77 777ý
.

-N a

777 _ L_

"

I. LLJM
i_

..
 T:
_77

"'_.,

_2777

-4 77

- --ý-----{---i

14

=---r-
1}ýt
L _4+

". ýýQ
. "'-rte
_- ý_-- __. -ý_ _.-. _ _- _._. _ ý_. -.
--"i__-_- ._. _
. ___ ..... _

"I
755

-1 _
 j ýf
>"-. .la--ý 1- -ý-t--fit --- -- _'_ "_. --"- -- - --- -. _.. _} . _. -. . _._. .... _ -,

- (. äi0'
'. ß.
.. -. ._.. r. . -. __ -J __ _ .. __-" -. _ _ _.. _. ___1 ,-i.. _ .iý,

'
*

fir- '
fý{--r I --
. -,. _ -, -- -- -- -t

---

77

}rt lip -_-----

_:

a 5.
 y

e W

(t
N

o ,.
159
 º ý' CK)
' Ö-p` ate., G-, cr

Cri
ýQ

ý'
O
Jh'

ti

0 d1
O

i-I

'-F

v'

16
 ,. ', .,e

' a" O
- ;t 9`' G" IV GIV or cr
--

W
Q
gG
J

pG

`x O

9
0

ul

-f,

01

a, 761.
ý,
I
"

Chcii, ý .. `
9 ..
/

Qact-ors 'F I
,

ifTCY.
te%ý ý
,
`R

1 ,
.

RQ9a t*

COr L{i_' o ýCý

i Cl (rL
.. -- -- --- -- -ý --- L -

.
Carýcývizan -- -

Befixviowz.
outage

ýiL 0,10 LLG

1:ýýart, t.-LO2 } `

-- --------
 I1
IIi
_\{
Ui Sý 0 S1
-J .
G
OV Cý

i41. i-

16 5
1
 -ý _- ._.

.ý 01 0\ .1
ý! ý-='
._ Cýl .ý

i: S.;
 -ý
' f t I I

1)

;
_

roý
TO
_

Ch angc
.ý,

hu"rwiwtc

/
f EIS
ÜTa,tý'G Cn -

Co wal,.

Cari.c,a,, at i ar

Chrný. e

7'ecLC.ti c;n.

ÖÜCýf-ý2 4
cj2r2OCL --
--F ----_ -_. _ ..

/1,2 LZUC,

uZCL

77i
_.
CIO
 OopOp cý

PCý.
i JL "ý -t ,p3

Cz
CG! LGP 2:! I Q t- ? ýL

13eluýcr-::. csý- tI
ac-ýL
Change

OC. t C& }
C,a
10

&Jircv-La LL

Amton C);";,C-
.
12eý.
c:ý'ýarz

GIa, =`.
ýJr
/ýe.'ýerLýýn n,
i

le4'-aüý"e

LV,Cý4

Cali. OL

i ýr2
 aZ s_1
öv -J -
ppo

21
H3 ý3
ý fl

CQn
3i
ccr-l-
ýU9c.
r fl
1 C.
Behr,-v-LoII' 4% Qf
ý) .
ýI

Au,
lýP1LGýJ Q2
__ Ný .o

GFcv'.
eý, cn
f2C'CIIi

ýPý, CI iLU .
Gý -

Concezi 4c- Loni,,

-

Gutrufe

e test, ori.

R-E-I°ec:

/2 owaz -

ConA oL

11"4-
 I 1 I !'

,1 CýD
0" ,y
t1 C)

Af-f-ec1-

R,ý,ac L

Canal \o
co o

PQ%JL

coacciL-iJIct'Lq f
--

Cfý.vatýe ýIC.

%ýeac (; ian I

ý. ..
- -
WCLVfL
_
ý,
ý
,+

ý-

ýý

r
.1

l r'7b
__j
ýi
 Temate R 25 Vt4 otd llla tried Hea.Uh U'd,
4ttot

EPO4WD p£n£
d12 10
,97
doof 60 2992

Rc-Cc-d /uf to fy senck'. o (1975) age w4 tM4 &&c. t

, . as 4tt, .!A 44zght-
io Cour on e cttove, 42.an, Low on t wwtUc m and ve4. j.. Law on the
, .
lie 4Ca.Le.
,
Tan the JU44;6 11 daV4 aý- the 4tLL4 the.. e wehte MUd'. Luc-tuaUan4
. ,
2.41 Lp.tom, tep. oAtin. ¢ on the pain., cancent&at ton und ahou4at
Leo. By, day. 14 the 4utxýect 4t4ted that a menotAuat- pe Lad 14
4CZL. . . .
expected taitA n, the cam&4 7 dw .o. fU d to node w t.e .oymptone ante
e.po-ited scorn .the pain 4caLe and a huh deq,.cee alt ex ci ten.eM. wi th
bu,ut4 o4 eite. tff ace expeAi. enced darn day 15 to 22. Ted oý
Atrmo4 and pa t;n.4 z.L Maa4t4 was -. patted between dai. o 16 - 23.
Day 25 - 30 m.en4ttattom E.
. ak.e.o place. (IU2d de ycee oý pain, but
4evete -L,4 htti 4t, dep a4-Lan and teno-Lon cute 2epo4ted. /U. io1
.
dwriat. g the pe 2ad, the 4U, i ct ha4 4tian. ¢ Ae.. tLn. g4 oý- a., 4Ctton
.
and excUemznt .
AP-pant oý- 4y.mptom4 untU day. 43 oý the .atudt
Ra 44,gitýijP,iccrnt
when t 2. i 4t b&ect .o-to te4 V1424 .ohe .14 due a pen tad tattJ .. the con.-
2n4 7 da.y. i.. She expe'ctenced mild de 4eeq of. d-i occn oart an the
pan 4 ca`Ce and had d i, l4 L Ihr. day. 47. She had
,f cu cancent4at .¢ .
mode, cato AeL2nq o al. anxte4 and tutt r.Uit y. and dep.te .i,.on.
Day 47 - 49 Mougist ee.Lfng4 al, weigh 94ta, .orveLt n.¢ and patra-
Au.L bare 444. The 4wb-jec t &egwn to rtten t tUCL- .e on da. 50 and hic

hepa&to of, pain, mild di4tAac -ih- .ty. and behav. Lau4. chan.¢e
p.e,u. L4.ted ?Can 3 day o. n..to the p Atod.
Thee ace na q fizßoAttn9 p-torre
OA .oym. /,
a. tec . L4.
tJ1.

124
Tenza.Ce B 19 yh a a.14 Szqg& Student ilutio e

daL 14 14 14 6
dcuy 60 4 10 18 6

The p4 cha.t x-Un 4cafie i4 4UL M4 e,Levated and the R 4coce o.

.
18 t4 /wlh when, age and accupat i oa ate taken. Jn to can4tdeaa t,on..
Th2, o 4UZr ec.t ways mRn4t4jiatb4 At the 4,týc.a.t 3 dauto aý the etux4
and 4he camp.Cath.ed o/ 4tun4"to acute .oymp.Lomatodagy. aczo44 aU
4ca e4. She conJ. &wed to coapdain un"Aewed. L .tlvcou. 4howt the
hzm:a iuM c alt the .atudc, drat hei wa.te4 Aete 2-t-LOn.4COM cUd appea4
to be r.rahked 4hl g7hpt duhin¢ meno-t at Loa than at o the-t tna o.
TU4 'spe' al- warum wowLd no daaU be W. ie ted kl,
ý Il1004 as a
t
can.4 an coaptat eA. w.Lth a Atendeac* to t.
mac aLL the. time. The
.
htgh n oca.ce cau,Ld be tap-Li ca ted.
.

III

183
 Tom'' C 33 yA4 a.Ld singe Cecfalte
,

F-PQ 4c02e4 P F- n£
daýt 12884
d 60 2 10 10 3

To,t C44enck. '4 dge nah th4A 4LUXIe t i4 4,UA;h.t4 Lary on

,
exrtc. ove, u, on and neww. t c i4nn and very, door on the lie 4caUe. Tan
.
het accupa t loa 4he i, o ij UA to the
. na cnat bange.
CtwLe neßaUtnn olt 4p tams ta. Co¢y, dw, 9 the
. wz.
-Ut t a1 4atud4
When the 4u,ýect eonp cLLned olt we,.i.gh .tq. u in, palý býtea ,t4 and
4.Ughat On. dad 14 we ate. &aid that a p,e. od t4 due
w.i thtm 7 daV4. By day. 17, conpd a& to alt c4anp o and M.uocLe 4t L4-
n"4 begin to a. pea t, the ec wa o f-onck-t/-u-L and had-
.oh .
di- concen t ta.Unu ; 4he can t iruied to ex ce we2h t gain.
,
ayrnptomo.
On dcuy 18 aen4 i.on carx enced and 4yn.ptom4 it-Win .the pain,
av-i owt. champ- and arato t ne ten t Lon 4c_atea p21J4-
concen t- a-t i on, dxeh.
ed a 4tqntAcant na.Ge un. ;,L day. 22 when .then d appecz ed
campte te. Ly.. Men4 waUon, hoijeve., con.#druied un t.U day. 24.
,
ILL .L cadet unt tL da. 31 when the .oulrj e.c t canp. Cain.ed o/. nttd
headache, genezaL achte and pa.LJ o and had dL trwt u cancent&at-
Inc;. !11U o4 nipp. Lea Ln the path accwaed wr tU day. 41 tahen
, . 4Ca4z
d.Lo that a pefi iod . Lo /411W
911. . n¢
we co vet . expected and weht.
4ympt. anv4 ate 4tiang4I. ne.poAted. ßetw'een dcyo 42 to 47 them a&e
.
d2cama 1c.. & cn oe4 in the nz pDU-In¢ Of- 4ynptomatoJl ogy kWflL ,the
pa, La, tonen t
a-t an, behav-Louh change, wa. eßt 4e.ten Uon, anal
negat-&re at, ect 4ca. Le4. On dad. 48 m not watLon beg= and I e4e
deucecue pain, irehavi oun change and wa t"
ura4 a .oft -ta
to tLon &et taed to no t na-L. lJa.t.
e-t ne en t i.an
hz iaan. and corrcent' a. u .
and can Rxa.&a Lon tu
Ae v .ed to no t. Glateh on AULA o°L°
ld t. tat, Lon. 3 da4 Zn,40 the ner t.'v.u-L
conttmced .to ca"e ri . . 4 .
. The n inr. 3 loci, 4m n4t-tua ton 9'v'
p Atod rwt .then cea oed. navE
Ila cone.. tn.

Ra teao. tted ý daA fite p,

04t t,RA4tALXlL
exp -t44ace. a. 4VLptom4 .
ph.a4e.

ýg,ý F
 20 r t4 otd sling. o' Student

F-PQ 4C04A4 PE 12 f-
daýt 12 12 83
dart 60 z 12 82

TO-t 44enck'4 cage nonmo thi4 LJomar C,

01110.14 on Law
'60 '14 . on,
newra.t..ic i4,7L and an the die 4c &. Glhen -Lodged ht hen occupa. Uon
she ; aU4 cv.Uth2n the no4 ic2 dance.
Ins 4; be#.
ween daV4 1 and 6, the fIWQ -cevea,Ced rntnon
-
4tuctu4. i.an4 ta the
. p-La 4caLe L. e. ¢en &a L ach e4 and pa en4. &t
tAe. 2e wcc la) a upheava is Jn the
. concen t4c Dorn, .Gehav.caun change s
urate& uzeto v on and negattue a"-ec.. t 4caIeA. On. date 6 the 4 th Lect.
decta4. ed chat a pe 2od
. 4=4 due du ns the comm.. week.
5z4ween dayr. 8' to 14. the
du4ect exp 4ed a macde&ate degiee o,
d-i oconv o, nutW . ;, un piui-4Ac&. 4ýunnptCDZ4
aý bLoatedne44, C anP4,
headache-4 and di;. 3-L m 4. T&j4
gave t14e to a caup. & aIt day .in
bed.
The Aepo&t o.- pain 4Vaptom4 1 Cour and mUd ur ;L day. 18 when.
..
-they. became 4evelm and dt44cclrLq. On datA 20 the 4u.& ect had aL
apeU and crap conUned to dyed,,."at o conzp,La.ined alt biked 4po.t4
and P vi4ton. On .the 2144 day. n en t ura lL drequn and
cont trued unt2 day 27. Thefiz qua- a o.iq U cant to-u aU af-
.
4epa&ted 4 yp t omatot gV once =tat caa.Uoa ura under war..
Rpa,it the aie' olq-day. ' 14 no .o
'ton . -irwa- Löteure .
nepo42 o.A 4,, vnptoms ion the next 14 dada. Bkt day 42 ,the 4UZr ect,
once agc expec 4a pah Lad. The r. 44 a no.ta. G.Le, o.tea4 bu i.Cd uß
, .
Olt 4ynptarn 4eve 2.tr. OIL aU 4ymptom. 4ca2.e.4 except anouaa, L and con-
By. da.. 48 the uba ec t apßewce d &e in dame cUtAe. d4
.twL. .o 'to . . IQ,
coapt at iii o/ rraw ea- headache. d,, ur canfu ,dt. 7, Cat0e1W-d0 C0U; 0Q
074jL"4 , .
nwton co-a&42iwUon and .UU.. a tLLb,. and ahe had the need to .
ta..
o.
n
2i, bed.
flZe44 i.on occu&&ed lie tween day o 50 and 55 and .theite aj pea,4ed
a 4e a akab e 2educUan. 2.4ep0 ted 4ymotarn4.704 16At tiro
day4 of, the memo L pe tZod the te. nzmu fined a mild decztee 4
d+ioc ti bttj. ty. and aten.o.ion but ,t t-14 dt4appeaAed a4 W' 14t iW Orl*
con t Umed.
Ila expe4Lence o 4µm/ OI7l4.thtteaýe4.

ßg5
 Temair- £ 34 vu aid Plk ed UU10u4ew,e
2 ch2 Ld. cj
UO AGa2P/J P£n

daV. 14 10 18 6
ßf60 4 12 15 o

It R4',uhattc tom. and ne.wtot(. c dni 4ca4e both 4o2 hem ache and
.
occapa on. (that 14 veV r, wuz4 ua L lip the dAammUr- dito
. . a -in .the . e.
Aca&e . orn.da4,1 to the daij. GO comp e an.
San the ý; t two daV4 o? comryLetLan aý the MO tM ö Auýc. 't
.
Ahowed he, e4 to be anode te. G a tou4ed and &epon ted Ae. a..
exGiteren t and weU-be. Ln.,. '- These p aoant enot Lon ate- tepiaced
on dui. 3 htj. mode at. e de. ee of- ten, A-ian and mood Atatnr DarV4 4
.
and 5 &4oaght ¢ene-.taL ached and path nepoAt4 olt touJeAed &cdge-
,
mz t and tack of- cancvUAa an., and .there au- aJ a AepoAt4 o.,
exc ?2eriemt and boo? ene tgyC.
On. dac. 8, the Awl&iect to. Ld uA that, a pe Uod urarmdue and Ahe
. .
con 2nued to have genzAa.L acheA and psi" p-l uoa4 tAon¢ awa4 neAA
al- an x. e4 and de 4A-ton.
The Aalmeer ire¢un to aVL4-t UX&a an dart 11 and iC-u4e vat- a i..on4
.
2r.. the path, concenthat i.oa, behau-Laug c n.q..: and negat-We 44c-t
AccLLeA ae 4e-ea. 9n n .d-me 4tAuum.. the Aalmatt expah i enced
a.%e.c.t2oa and excitement.
DuA,LW the p.04,t me"t, UUZZ Ph" P-, .ten4 on, dev 4A-Lan and
,
anxie. 4 peniýd4-ted and leached aci-te . Ceve-14 on dace 20. The high
?ceps o? ,gain and dV ptarU . /hon the neg.a.Uue a.4ect 4ca, Le4,9
.
? ee,LýnzaIW.
be. deae .to -L..
tLfQ. o4 LLTh..
ch 24 a adc±UWe. /aao't.
Between dam 34 and 40 a pe Lod 24 due. The .btack rnoad con r&. -
to deg4ee4 depAz44 on, anx i. 4-
P. and tenio-Lan. a.2e
ued and node-za of, .
iAzL-t i on d42cU.
much in ev-i dence)04 aye ne o&to of, a cancer
The 4Uh Ct &e¢un +ta a.eno.t tunte on. dar,
t 41. Ton the of 3 dcgo
"L
negiert Lve
o4 the pe& od, dVaptorw ? tart the pa-&. ' coacertAaaoa and
%ec t Le the Au ý ct mccbý ed tJi a t. Ahe wer.
a. Ac_a, o ahz pAe.oerst and
BL7 het Aco&" on the a.tCU L
aa,
acu to y dep.tc» ed and an.x.Lou4.
Aca. Le ate h-fgh and har 1nc4e. a e4 th a4.4c an. and excitement.
Scow la-gA the. end oý mod.
on the anou oaL Acade A unto '
C Le CUML h
Betaeen. doi 48 and 53 AMjl0At4 an the aWLwa. Aca.
feC L" carne to the ?o te.
anal the neg.a t. Lve o -- Aca. .
.oi The'. 1iß
dep i,on. e . a.
with eewto al: acute anactetaj. z44-Lan and .ti

! K(O,
4adden a.batprpn t al- neat ue a. ec t4 2ptOM4 oa da, c 53 but -they
netwrned .in a4 Lktn¢ wa.. whert the{. 4eap2pealied an daj 56 and the

.oulrýec t once rtga n.. &e.

carne4 4eveAje4 anx-L a4.
12o exp p t am.4 between dacy,a 57 to
en ce o.A 4 r,1.
C. 60.

137
 181 y o.Cd S1raýLz f"e

ýPQ ocatis P£ fl
. £
daj,ý 11 17 53
do4 60 2 19 55

-4 art. aueza*e exý011eAA-10a 4cace and a ve t iota newcoU-

"C'"" . cane and the die 4ca. Le 4cane .14 also Cow. Jt t4 .ü tint
that the 1Z4 r-OIZ e &ena ned 4ta lr le avat .tirrz Whe tAp c ,U .the o. fve,
.
4c.a.Le4 -hared a va -ai oa.
Ton the 444t 8 dau of, corm ing the MQ, r 2n.on U uttua t. ono
.
aste 4haurn in the patt, &ehaLr oUt chance and nzga-UUe aUzct
4ca.ý, hwt theme ate ta&ge upheavat to the waten 4ete tton. and
cat cenýon, aca, L" . One aoaw ej .that. .the 4w& cct -t.o overt Ve qt
and -&LcUned to 4pot4and pimpt" a4 .ohe coapLc ned o.- we ich t qa i,n
and ak, ta d t,4J tde %4 thaughau t the 4 udip. There are. ne4.on#.4 of,
_
A none .to acute fee of- exci ten t,
n. a44cttoa and druUt4 a4
e x, qi. p.
ße green daryº4 9 and 17 gzan. g to acute ache4 and 11. a n4, C4anp4
and backache ace neAan#ed. Tan tao day
,
16 and 17, the oulx&ct
. .
expeAtenced d ;e ze-d rw. ton co-oAdL a Zom and d, 14 lzactL&tLUV .to a
4 cang de. to that hic pe.,Uod i, o Ton the
qAee and .. a o . -ls%fnL&ent.
ý. ihst ttme Pioa the autan. an. Lc neaCt r 4cake became
. 4Vnptom4
ev. Ldent ; the qh ect , /e JaZm t and rau. < ea4. Wa to z 4e Wti an
tnup-d to went p o)r.Lema and h z. dai. 14 they are
4gacpt0rZ4 con .
The &t tjtaJJJZ and dep4e o.oed
coa4tdened acute. .oec& ect evai vape4L
high degnee aý aýtouaa. L.
du&, & t. 4 week and {het matnta. ined a
.
Be ttoeen daez. 18 and 25 maa4týuw tLom .took place, and .thee arc
iah degJcee. On ap i to
COap Lvn t4 0.4 ayp ta/zo J{Un, aU4C ad o -to a
)JUrd au4 Lon., he aubiect
aý-nep. 04,t4aý-r. I&W 4, 4pat4 and.
,
hen high L; th ýaci there
. L4 a mahk
nwthvtx &Led .oW ea -ý a-o wo a. . -d
t, 1ee. Un 44 w'ea-
tnc4ea4e th accoun to of, affection, exC-Uernen
Jietag and baou. to of- even v,.
tU nepOU4 o? Pa 4%
Beytween dav4 26 and 34 the .e au- 4t modeste -
Geh. Lo Gwt i, '2 #. neducýt i oru do
and n. Laan Change4 4n.. av. ut 4 .gn can.
i4 ent 4e"4ted, ac
4evetibi. GJa#.e4 tetvzttom 4/JaptO 4 are ca ru. .
are ýee. t in, rya o h,Lgh a Ao u4 a L.
t ian. and anon oa.L 4ca o-
Except fan the even pre en t watet en
.
4V,mptoi,w totogiý, .tJ we a4e
na adve-e m4nZP-4 twt, Lana urztU dar, 39
arhm we a.,m that a/ ,od i4 ant-ictpted. She expz ced head-
.
a.che4 and ccazoz and had r,ýi. Ld co=R t a.t r an p,,WtTLen4. CM Lc i,ene4
decdceaaed, &.Lind 6,aot4 and &;.; 4vi morn ahe ? e-Lt to a n,.,LU deq me,
.
ha can4i4 t¢ntLy P& no4 t. oý, the week.
The rwa4 wa..L p &Zod cz t2.ued on. dad 42 and 4a,4-. ed fan 7 dc 14,
4 ub-)ýect expz4 t en ced a rnadehato ari aun:t a.. Pain., p aAt-Lcw aJ4he ad-
acheö and c&=p4. The headache. o appea ted lre of- a. m4Aain e
- .a .
mature a- they. a&e accampanfed dry. nausea and dd,;;, iaeoq.
Condon arao made4.a e. 4i. a4ec tedja- azxa4the JJe mvt out chance
t va tat to dou during
and negc ttue a c. 4ca-Le.4 . ne vt-LCn 4c04e4 JLe
the m ji t.. L
i.ua. pha4e4 a? the pe tod but ato 4aoC -. eint z.
ed h tO.
.
&"za$ the pact mer4.. uca.L phuº4e 4ca4zo on araten A-eteavttan aAe
high. The Gecuýne to ie and 2AA ta&. e tut to a
e.x .eane4 auýrýec. .
mZLd extent oa4.
Riao, t up. e t.4 an =44 ajý the 4cai un U the end 4 the 4ztet-

t VLa-L 4 tage.
MRJ14

I"
 19 y, o1d S.in4lz Tlw e

EPQ 4ca P£nC

dcuc 72 20 49
daV 60 0 20 49

The rzUp cho.t icAa 4c.o&e At dayc 60 io 2emcvckalýCe,a t4 the

.
-Cain nu lw t. "rz but .the.V. a &e ca rveda,ien t urith la thenue, Lve4.
Ex cove,,ca-ioa t4
z c¢iyJ i ý2 and .ice aegcrtr ve L4 heýLc d to the
P 4cane.. The Lie 14
. 4CO te. ai4O ext, Lezeý, t Ugh.
At the n t 04 the "atu
caMnen. cn. P.. th- w& e.ct 4t a ed that
. . .ohe
wao expzct n.cL a pe. Lod and the 4caLe that ohawed hLi h 4cotec Wa4
.
tYIO t 04 a4a u4 aL. TeeL, t
n aA wett-, &e, ng and c rc e. m.ei cvice
coup2 d with aUec t s.oa. and .&az4t4 oý act tijUrc. II1LWen deq ee o oý
u/2heuvaL cute ah.awm in the pc &z, can.cen-t.ta. an, and watet 4.e,terr.UcirL
4Ca2e4. Tura da4 )rep4e the 4 ta&t o.ý fi 4t viert ion.. the&z wer a
marked -inc wa oe in the &epon t of- p iipj th eaa and 4=4U14.
rl-, t, vic Uon. begun, on day 8 and
pa &t ýLa .the PA a Olt cA=P4 and
backache beached the. L peak an .th. e the. p
. . .oecand clay. oA xd and
the&ea1E.ten d rz i..L I Leavtn. cy a f-e.e. Z-4 oA '- - '. i, ot aat-
.
.i-tri. L+.
t,ýp ai4c reca ze evident on the aecond clay. of- meßt uuzUorL and
ý
then cecr4ed be ap tobLem.. G7atedt & ten, i
#. on. aymp tan4 d i4aßpe"ed
-ta
cu a aon, a4 men4. tuia t. i arc cow.w-n .ed and a auoa L weaken e, 12 ttt; U -
but can tLnaed to Aena n made tzz,te. wzW &LV-4 ce44cVUO i oý- aen4. t-.
.2
/tua cin..
The arao no 4tgnZ catr t 4ep.o tt oý 4ym4or4 wU 2 dac¢ 20 when
the 4Lth ct con p.laZn.ed of, headaches and ruuc. Le a-td. t ie4 to a
4t. -wn4; degree. Ket corc.c.e.v#4a t i.oa iua,o taps t ed and 4he atcjced at
harze. R mode-t to de¢&ee oý_ th&itaj7t t tjý. and 4e a -Le44ae 4 way
t
appaAext. a so. Thy, ho reuet, d apßewced a./. t.eA a dad..
&o darf 28 r; tu. u Uari wao expected wZOan the car 2tt 7 dac o.
.w
Ue V. nl. Ld f-Luztuatton4 pzn, waten. e wvUc i. and ae%attue
-in
daV. 35 Za. ted ßo4 6
a-4ect 4ca L& . (,kn. s.tAua t. Lon .begun on and
daq4. TU4 t4 a miw mtl eA peAd-od than the p errzou4 one, nd
Led tiL/-zU &,
%eaot a aAe the on, L 4Vnrß-
acJ and puiru coup. Frith pa
tont4 accounted Pt.
On dad 49 the au& e.c i exp n44 and
Leaced road 441-1, Irecanu 41)&tU-

ta ted Vw ta Z4 due. gene. L ach" and

abte., 4. peti. od W

190
baea4.t d.Ldcon o4t and .vv&Uz&&tt Uy be-cane mate ev. Lden t .tO YaAd4
the the.
. end ojý .o-tudyt. pe ad.

i91
 Tek 26 Vu ow !'Iaýui ed A, &4a- isol.
1 rho
Q acv2Qis p£n£
dac 15 15 61
daij 60 7 14 87

The P4VXAa
Oll 4co ce here 14 aLno'ma l4 h-i,gh. w". t ne w ott-
"1,4a t4 v-4* -Low as the. ite 4co e. Agqce44, Lveneo4 and ha.at. U-
-14
, rvhLch. adre .fora a., the rº Wi. can tAtb talc a .to P (Cy4enck. 1970 )
cue toad .i.on tt made chata, cte 24t. Lc4, and con4eguentiq. we
wou- d expect men to have htghec P oco o than uror, Len. S.
tanda4d-
. .
.i Uan data (&A4enck. 1975) adiratea that th #hea&y +. donne
. . o
cut ve j,i CLea4Gy. One would expect thee tAaU, 4 and 4.. 4a-fed on"
.
to ne 44e La a pe4dan`4 4exuat a.t.tUude, and =44 4e4 conducted
.
E4enck. ( 1975) ind-Lc .te4 .that the-te t4 indeed a cLoge caruzect-
. .
dan .betirrem P and na cu-lAne paU. e..v aý, attitude- and behav. Lawvs.
Thy c. (.
e poadent wau Ld doubt lie thte. ed to Coam trL
/Ee ao , s . .
V-C4 can Leatoa that c-u: -Lin U tc,.. ti 4eLated ta h qh P 4ca 2/uß.
Tema.Lß c&4ýLd hcwe Breen P und to have exce44 ve4 &Lgh P
4cat, even exceed4j74 .tho4e aý maz C4 mtbmi4: That .t I-U 'ta1. not
die a due p4Vch.o Lc p e. 4ona2 tu. indicated &iV the tat t1w2
. -to . . N

p4y.chat Lc4 . end to have elevated Ue 4co t" and a high 12canpan-
en t.. 17eLt WA to ttLLe 4:n -th.i4 case.
Dwt2iv the #.iýiis,t week
a. - ý. t (, Etna act the IZZ)Q I. ematZ fE caao tlbl
to mood ours depA"4tOlL. She teve i-eA on dart 8
.ect . and .off
tiult, due therz taducE4 trlcv
a mens au.cjt pi. od wa and wao a q. , a4e
th 4yL ptOIL oeve4i tl. Siaa da4 10 when backache ý4uý and C&=, P4
.
to a rwdeAate)t- h. ich deq. tee. The 4L14e t ie. tt
ate expe42enced
jo44e tfu. t. to4 co-arc-in a, i an ara a Gaýreýied.
accident prone, and m.o. .
RLL tht4 th G decAea4ed e. IC- en.c0 and the 4Ub-
utted a geaeha. -f .
.Lect 4.ta+J.ed at home. Sy ptam4 ýý. ant the watete man occLCe one
head. -Ui enda44ed as a'te acute ýe"4J and aaxi, -. tt.
4 0? -LoneJUie44
The t Lye-4y dephzo. and c a t04"
- LD ec, ap p ea ad oed -d
TU A 4u1Jject aen.. thuuted between da. 14 and 20. The pain .oºtjmv.-
tom h.i Leve.Lý a4 d.td 41ynzptonro 1 Wn' the negative
. ap .is ed at a rh .
4 dao C the the4e. ten
Cl?,
a.%lEect gca. Le ion the 4W ut- o o. pzAtod,
d a/ipea, rzd. Lack. oý conce i,t. ,t-+.oa and decAea. oed e Lc LCftC a4te
. .
the ad arm. Tee.Un44 a4
expee'2en.ced an the t2 day,ýo oL pp
.? 2
. ion the CLa.4 and
b.Lau tednea s a'ce a , oo nade2a-eil. L e-Lt

19A
then ta U o%. By. the Laut dat. o.- the. pe Lod a aý
. .
,W-4tt"4ne44 rra4 thz on14 4yr7tp.
ta,^i Aema,Yn2n .
Between da 21 and 35 there a-ce node tat. deq C e4 o4
.
a. ect. Lon and excitement. On. dart 35 the aub eci Uecaae
der. 4ed and .tense. Between dai 36 and. 42 aU 4ca. Le4
except atcu4a. L and con#-tot ate, heauU endo)z4ed. TheAe a4-c

ne/zoi, #4 ajý 4eve&e pain, dcti.

rtt tu, ct4 2n. e44 and naruea
caupzLed aVA 4tJe-LUn ., pazg4L L b2em4t4, depAeAq.Lan mood
4ta n.q4 and .iýrýri tahi. Lf tyc. RLL have a ve-,V,& de.Gtt, i ut ea-ec t
and the a th ct4 day i in fired. B. da 41 a.1,1 41WMptom-
.nt3 .
4eened .to haue dectea4ed dna",=t444and an2y. nwde to
teed inq4 of, .ten4- an, ne na i red.
&ejz,i w, aoa J egan. an day. 43 and meted 6 da44. Ue&*
LU-t le Aep Jt 04 .a riptars except .tho4e Sia3 the ta to .
ten oa to leih Pt the, ?i ßt
.. 4caie urh" anav'
. ied made . .
2 dayw a- n ej, 4 tu L Lon and ren d-L,4appea ted.
Thor,. daV4 50 - 60 .the qti. ec t 4-lIVJlLtWMOU-4444ZP,04ted
tl e4ane o&, a 4,C_Uon and 04det4, UL"4.
ht gh a JX4,etc., neues
Thee thM e Uraa na a can t 2eßon t olý a yrnpt amo.
. ,i .

193
 ýencLL 36c ea&4 a14 Va Led Shop.
.J
2Q Ldties R 4t4t. CVa

EUQ Scow 7' E /2 L

3 18 10 0
Day. 60 2 20 10 0

The Lx iav d on ococe fan Ce

eeaa.. 3 i4 huh Irt a2rowt 8
. .
po4n 4 acca i i, 7 to Ecwenck'4 arge and occupation aoAm4,
.
and the Reu tatic 4n 4ca ce .ice coapa ve lai d ow Brut on,4 ht,t
3 po Ln.#4. The no t i.n te, 2p-4t.i,nq w(.t he Aa i4 the nU.
.
t u- n ion the £-Le acae. wh i.ch' L4 = wuz-3 t L.. It iss c. e at
. .
thcz... ihre Lte 4ca, Le a044e-44e.4 a cona, idel r.Le deýe o
'ac tan i a.L w Wr, 4Lv i duu. L
. wWi -ir Lt a haute h Lyh Load. tncj4
,
an .tiros 1acton, and on. no o he howeuen, thee ate- ce4, ta-ta
.;
d4 U4 but 4n4Lca toh4
-Lc -U, .in fizgaýýinq 4r-one o a4 aotA Ii
aý d 144ýi rwd a Uon. The marin ri cwLtS Deena to &e thaw üI
. . .
add t. ton to ae.a q, cl.Ls4 &uz Lv t i,an, the C -icaLe at4o
n. 4uhý done, 4t-CLUe PP-.4 ona. W4 factor crh, .th any. W444&4 .
denote 40, ze deVAee Of- 40C- LL na. 'e. te. W o, 2wiat 4 Wt.
-Le.
iss known about the p&ec-L e ru.. tw i2 f! cto2.
. . .eo, .t
BUA,U4 the 4, t'z t
10 dcaV4 of, the 4-tad4 the 4u. i ec. t =4
node' ateL z. anauwed th teAmo a., otde iZw, 4.,, &uA4t4 oý ene-i¢', e
and exc tene.n t. az4 an day 8 wao wank. p en{. a ance do rened
and .d&4,Ua&ttt e and de isa. Lon expeAteaced. Bekaeea daVA
11 and 19 them rlra- an a,t w, 4t tannetcep t4&tO- e in the
. .
Ae-l o& t of- 4 ynpi. or,Lato.Logy, ac.w. o- the 4p ct tan. AU-d ache
.
and pc2n..i and toure zcd conc julýan .togetheA with a eeLin,;
f.
04 a. iii. thýa we Lht gain, 4k. di4 ocde-ris and tcnoe. tAA2 a &,
U-
, - .
3n . o& ad,C J L.,, the 4U l&jec t nepor ted cz h jh dcg e.
e
.i. Aue
a.- O1ZAe- 2the44 and &L-'z tos of "y..
On day. 21 the au ir, ec t &e-pz t.edthz tant; n ent a4. v7L
oý- a mod and he.,z gene L cond U Lon app.e02ed to u044en With
ne/za alt LcJrea4ed t
we fh - ; a4 n., f tute and headaches .
Concent&at Lcn ua4 a ec e.d and the 4u tzxect to a k. nap- and
.
ava-ided -octal, acUVtt Leo. Seunpt=4 ...2arz -,he, ne a tLue affect
4ca, (,e. cAe /tewA zd on an eidcatat n.r deg2ee un t i-L thg 4eaCh

acute Je-vej4 on d av4 23 andd 24.

I9Lj.
(" civet i.an canuvenced on da.L. 27. Pain and ne¢cri. i.ve r ct
4 wnptaaz ace atianqý enough to ura-Aaat conft; nment to .&ed.
T ht4 4 u,Giec t expz&i, enced u"t h, 4L we ht %a-&L and pai n. "
hl zeaZ. t4. llea trog the end oý the. rtienw pe 2Od Aettn 4
,C
o. weU he i.n.g and a ec t Lan &egun to Aeaj., oea t.
Except -on an. inc ma. e irL 4e Ung4 aý a.4,e-c Uan and
.
exc- tear..ent, thwie wa no a ý, t . ce,O.
O U a.- adueue 5
.. atom4
nL,
.
wn. LL dacy 49, when .hece warmsevidence oA 4-d gJLtbj, .Lm. paUed
concen. t, ati. an and behautiawt change .tn.. the ý,om ajý dectea4ed
e°i. c iencLj. and auo. Ldance o-A 4ac La.L ac UvU- e.4. fflaten
ARAzrt, Uon a. LAa 4L 14 h LCthe
wa4 , ..
Be weer da 50 and 55 a rLeno.tlwo. L pe Lad wa tagend aq,

and . the &epatt of- watest . ten an 4 p.

nz.. 224 &egUM to ttn Ae"e
.i
dn. 4eve4, U a4 da delta ti ve pct 4c;nrAom4ta. LagV and LV, da
.
52 they cute 4'ioruy to 4eueýie. 7Zepo'Lt4 1, to L the pc n,
4ea. ctton 4ca. Ce4
cone V, tat i on, behau.. Lo uL chance and autarwn- c

a. 14a 4howed a mcvcked incAecr4e.

l between da" 56 to 60. 'on the
thi tLon .tool- pierce
4°.i&4t 2 dac; 4 a1 the pEA- ad, pain., watet P-ten-t-Lon and
ieue. L, but then
nenýa2-Lue a%e. ct 4. cz;zed at aý mode-urte
dum i.n tzh. ed ai the .. Law t th. u A&o u4 LL 4 yri. p arv4 .i. CA.ea4 e_d
con ed .
fin ih A-Lca comm to a c.Lo4e.
. 4tienrp, a4 raen4ticu,,

I 45
 eruýLe ; 24 V,u otd SZiuj.& T

F-PQ4 cam PCn

.C
d12 10 20 4
clan. 60 1 12 77 2

Hence, 04 cau
e, .the JU-Ut no -LceajL. e aca&e -io ne.wto4"M
vrhLch, .iA hals. Secancf l . cone. 4tart each of. the. PQ
E. Le4
,, 4ca.
a-Lteh lion one coap. l e ti. on to the next. 7M4 «ult eCt waa in hen
. .
p,tznun4t, wu.a ruhen the d&equa to ? U. L out the G? 1)Q wh-ich cau.Cd
accowvt fait te e-Ceuated aca o on the CPQ ßo4 the f, U tU ne.
SSnptor4 ian the pain . cc2e ate hearrt4 eadat, oed Sian dart 1
and -these a ec t cancen. t&a. on and irehavtou-t ( aua-i 14 aac ia. L
ac -tv-i, 4A4 ). 7heAe wao a gnadtw2. t. c e. ue an .ten Zan and -iAAi t-
czlri. Li tt wh Lch .became high J dacj 3.
den. tAuzaon. begun an dace.4 and att Aep.afi t4 o.- adueioe 4 ynp tom4
ceased abM04t .i ni z a to üz,.
ed
There Wa4 n.o a' nepa/t a,ý 4 ynp taws un. :. day. 26 when
anode aen4t. twz.L pe .Lod =4 expected. The to ura4 an thc. ea4e th
the .rte.poi t aý- 4qajStaan4 e opec ia. LG ZrL the a4e.a4 of- path., &ehavtout
change, waten 4e teatton. and negak-Lve a44ct 4W Le4. The oe
ea, ed 2t ten $h. beca- about 3 days GePne men4 t-
-Z=4. 4t and .oeveýie .
UOn.
'V -0, CanipiV iAt i icon the cancentto t Lon 4 ca-Le i
ýto. a thooe
.
a tevA .i en.t toned and a'ie expaJr tensed gthanltO-
Oa day. 35 aaen4t via oa coanenced and a4 be.. o ce. thehe waa a
dta4 in the AZI10tt, Of, q ymptoms. 9ývr i,tcr bi. l i ttý and rood
tc /. cZ.
U
4&72.(,L4 er ec ted the .ou,vect Ud extent fan the ý.i .t3 da yo
.toa?
aý- the pe Zod and a .lawrehzd wa4k p a4lance crao e-L. t, .tJiaJte-
a,1,ten, aU wac cater.
Be een da 49 and 54 the&e ways a c) cte ttc 4,, Lu. Ud-up,
,; .o . _t .
alt adue ue- neac tier. on aU 4CatQA except autonomic toac-UOr'4,
a&ou at anal coat to L.
The tth e.
c t expected a pz4, tod and 4 yactanc ?4a3 the- Pa'bll
.
co n, wazte.. &etenUon and negta-t ve cl#ec-t 4c-ate-4 any:
con, //-4J?1 d once a. cxra.

19b
 lZL. e 1 27 aid Sb m& Teachec

F-72 sca)ie P
Dcc 162 13 7
I cut 60 4 2' 13 8

Rcca&diny to E.cvsencrv'ý aqe and accujt-ton nouv- the

p Vcho Lc Am scone an .the /, Lust corcoLýon P-t the 4u b&c t
L3 /io to above the noun. The ex-t Love Zan 4co, 2e &ahde, t4

on .the al yao ma-L and csrouW die coke dp.pvto e ti.on a. hv.ýý.m.{.t
koweve, t, ion the it 10 dcu ajý the, 4-tudc:. tlu: 4 4th e. r t
jt
comp izLirh.ed to a ve1c4 h.Lgh de ee on the pata and negative a .c.t

icc-L". There ate 7ajU cu tp- Mjspte. ta the. concern ta..t. t,on.
-
and cuou at 4caLe utL dcut 14.9n fact, tho4e icev dacj4
iahke. d the h, l gh 41W. 04 -tht4 rann' 44 tu4 t t= 4)301L, &JCCM4e
dry dag 19 his cone t4attan t4 Gad4 a?4 ted anal he Uecon e4
. .c
4. Li_gh t LCi. ZtAZta17 e and de-plc" 4ed.
'-torn daut 25 to 31
4ymp tont M orn..th ee nec a LUe a /. ec t
.
4caZ(.e cure ve&V muh Zn e.vtdence and expe&tenced to u 4t ton.;
dec4tee. I1U o-theta. 4c.cLe4 on the. I'ZeA4t,= 4 D-i. Lte44
.
Q1 4 t. Lonaa, e &em LAed
4-ta JLe un4, U dace 33 when .orv p tom4
kon, the Lre i.au-Lawt change
dca-Le ate ne/a& ted an,d the dMge- t'4
tAA-Ua &iti t and dePM44, Lon -1nc ma4ed. BV. dat 39 4VnptO/t4
.
lion the min 4caLe ane once mode .&enq rtp w)lted a though
onJ on am Ltd ha4-i4. }i rwdeira to decree alt nood-tne44 and .te.xw t;on
acconpaan & tfe4e 4e-", 4. Thies *.
. ta to i44 Az 10 day.
-Cow
and -iep. oh t, aý p.a &i 4umpLorw irecone .Le . Stwtvj.. ee. uAg4
deyWA4.. on, hou; ev",
o-f- aice WZa th- 4w4ie. ct un tU the Brut
4 the 4 dri.

)q7
 ý1 2 27 r ana aid Died leach"
.
1 ch Ud

CPO sccj. w £. nL
Dc 1z 18 40
Dach60 5 16 30
.

When one Laak4 at the ElPQ 4canz4 ion t/L4 4uti .ect, we ace
,
"c, q. ct awn to t 4L the change .&i.. cone oo u"
_e .,.,. ,
t, t pavi,UcuLa the p4Vchoaci4r 4CO' e, till ch goea up
,
by, 3 fwtn 4. Second4, the neUAOUC ýri 4cane .d4 e toterte. LL.
Cavr and the e. 4ca-ie nan-ex ten. t. At the flame time the
, .
extAOUeAA, iAn 4CCALe i4 4i<. j higJL, &IUt not abnatnaUJj. 40.

ALL to a canepee, opt, & L-t4C tope, da 1.

-thai., pa-ind. 5
. act a,&te and outgo-tag. The Caw !t 4ca4e i dtccz te4 a hough t-
,
?.u-L and is b.Le pe on.. The lted a tLve14 h Lqh pp y chot,! ..

. coke Pn daci. 60 Lect. ed an an ex iovezt 4ana. (21t, t

.,
. eve U4 .that th i4 4Uge-c t cou, Ld .be t Le 4, ayyAeoa-i ve and chance

cr-Ue at imeA. The nL Ue. 4cot., a,C. though un 4uaC, 14 no t

unkaotia and -vs . anet. in" appa4ent in the dt4ce4ntn. ¢ 4w&&ect

who ' aead4' the .teA-t ,i ter W ve &uL cn&e-fu .

Pu vLng.. the days of tepo t on the AP a mild,
./48
deq, ee oý, Raten., rnadetute f c.tu t.-i o" in the conceM4a. t ioa
.
and IrehauLow. chance 4c.a. " ace ahourn. On 4piwte OA 4.t.4an¢
Ae. Lün7-4 o.L ýa. t- g.ue, ter-. Lon and tAAtt c.&tt, 1 4 dint &4 the
.
f-t, u. t 2 dwý4 alt the 4. u4, daute upheavai4 arte app 4er t th
.
the a2ou4aL 4ca, te.
DuA,Lng the oLGai.
w. inq 10 da., a ocua. C incAea. oed and
.,
con.centwu tLon. decaecoed, thehea. a 1a-ih4 4t. a., C,
e equLl. i, G uu
-ten ,
AJa- marin to fined w tLL dac 20 when coacent uxti. an., once ayc tag
de-te, t owed and the 4h ea &ecA=e -tense and dep- 4ed.
& tween, daces 25 and 53 tepa&t. 4 /Ao n the pan and coacenttatLoa
aca-Lem ACuctanted con ti. n.uo". Lij., 40MRA , Leo . each. ný Lev-Lo ai
,
'-t4onc and acute. Dun ink thL4 18 dat pz2od o4 .t the .there alte
de./-th .. e change4 happen i. t th .the ath. en ocr. Le. 'ßo4 8 dayo
o.
(3 6-44 ) the &r harne and avo-Ld ed 4ac a-L
. AU, ,ec 4 ed at
ac t i,vtt i ea .

NO
 een W-4 39 and 42 acute AeL&WA oý rood irte44 and
depte. 44ian ace noted and the4e to Ae
stave k1al.
.t . ,UcO
Wett-t e.ta9 and 2 L&,
t4 v1?senetqtj. on dace 43.
7/1,w 4u.G;.ec t'4 e1w.. t ono ap.sea ed to &e in con4 tan t
.
ý. l Btx, di "-Lcut in tonen tw tion. and 4 wn4aou crL cute,
neue-t /a a j, a,4 am &ej ot. ý Olt 2e4tLe44ne 4 and ten- on.

199
 Rate. 3 28 y ea t o.Ld S-IZL.
q,& 7eache4

E7'Q Scams p£ 12 L
Dwt 108 18 2
Datj 60 3 10 18 3

The JLut aotabte an.. th. e EPQ L the one of.. newcot-Lci4n,
-cote
t hLch t high &V EV4enck'4 4.tanda'td4 tr 9 i
/pa. t4.94
L. .
is

ve. w i, vte t is y that the. !2 4r-aste 4em n ed .. table whe cea.4

. -4t
aco on aUo theA. 4Ca L" va4, Led, At exanlite, the P 4co&e
.
comer 4 on 3ýe. to to 3, the C. 4CatA 4004 ¢a in ed 2 poin
and the. d iz Le LX44 1. Fcenck ( 1960) ma.tn ta2n o that
4ca
the R f. actos i4 C404e.J4 4.etat. ed to thei,nhe. t ted degAee o1
.
&thV, Ui p of, the autonomic ne, woud 4rZ ten whites the E. f. acto4
. .
Ct04e. L 4ztated to the dec-ee of, exc i is Lon and .&thtbi -: on
ot4 . , .
pzeva. Len t Ln. the cen t ur. L n.envou4 The h t,gh R gcoAe
4V4 tem..
here, to the eXC, 4)J 04 the extAove i OrL
opeAate4 Mtn, 0t -Lon.
ý-ac. ton ýtevea l incg an anxLou4 . üz.d LutdaO-L, stood. , and ý4eq. u 14
dep/. e a4ed. ThL pe ona4, Ucy i. denorL4 is ted f uAtheA when.
.4
the da i4 4ca4, e-4 an. the. RVIAt ca-L at4 44 Qie... tLOW142-he
a4c 4e. u ewed.

Ton the ý.i3 days aý the <- udcz ,the 4u.&ject 4epoI7Aed
-t
acute deflt"4- on and /Ae.L ago of, anxte ty. acco parUxd hy.
4t, toaq pcUn. wh ich continued f-o ta Pw theA 5 daV4. Symp ta.

1 om..the a-torn-iaL 4cale dw-Lrt.. t.1ä4 -time, dßpea. ted and

d i4appe"ed Aam dac, - On day. 4 4etta o4
.o-dac.. .itton¢
a.f-4c t Lon and exct tz en t, ane 4eioýr ted. Re La t Lue ccatn

exJ dart 12 when headache4 anad 4e. ü: ng4 aý ýa t gLLe.

ted un t it
a,te tepotted toge het Frith anxiztc., de, 4. on and ton.
.
Tee tap oý ure,lL-. Ge.&L and a-., ec t Lan Hucke an appea4zace
be tueea days 17 and 19.
Once again thee t4 a .LwU LOVA no 4J cn L caM. ice p.o'r t
.
O .ocy.
rnp tom- until. day. 31 when endo44emeat4 Aorn.. the. p iat.

4cate AequerL, t and nodenn to ". 4eve4, i ty,, La t-Ln. g A& 5

a4e .
dayA. The 4wb,Iect Aei4 Sian day. 40, b wt
nvoody. and uneasy
4epont4 A= he CVWU-aL 4c.a,Le &cane mofle. It4iegLeU and 4thont
hi4 C dad 56 arhen
and ergot Lonat wea-&re)inc .t a44w ed urLU
tau Lom, eel n¢ &zh e-
ge e.ta 1, ache4 and pa2rz , pooh car en
ca"PAhe to
anal tenwe, even he tAt poun4 aq arLd Cheat Pa-t"

tou e.'t hid outLock.

z ob
 fl?aU 4 22 ycea-t4 aid Szd Student
e

UPQ Scoff PZ l1 £
D133 10 9
Dac 60 42 12 9

The tLe 4co&e ice high and the

. . ex-ttove&4ton 4ca ce vet.
Lary. Rcco&di to F enck . there evidence
. yips coa4tdeAabU
to 4how that a 4r-Ö"- o.- 10 'on above an the .lie acate 4h.ow4
.
that ' hak n.c good' ike 4t to have
occa&, t ed and that the
. -i4
E and pa&ttctU-a the R
4how d he &eq z.tded w-W
-oca2e4
4cep is l4n. 94 ice Ctea t that the 4 cc Le p44 e. e4 d
. . . -
deAa-bte dejhee o4 /-tinto L urr.it4, with tad. Lv &= L
i.
)ftGrW,! .
-i tern having h i.gh oat hng4 on -t ii ?Eactost, and an no o he4
.l
( r1LChaeti4 F
and Renck, 1971 )" ff ourevet, . he ze. cute c eA.ta in
c U, % Lcwlt. Le4 in, te%atd. IJ4 4r-o, %" a4 no n-g but buUxa t au

aý di44, mccdat i_an.. The fTa4n dUf ftCUL4

4eem4 to be that
.in adýn to mea4wrtnq. dvJ41CUZLcrti0n,
the Ue4a, Ce Lio
. a.
nea4 u4ce4 4am e. tulr. Le p e- onaL U(j acC. t aft which rr ac, denote
'1
4a1W deq Me- oý . oc a..L naivete. Un4oAttum-te. 4 ie t4
,tt
kn.awn about the p&eci4e natwte o.A tU4 AmctLon.. HoweuQ2,
crrhen .the 4canea on the 112DQ ate examuned, a vezcj, .otal;. Le.,
con. #J.oUed buUv i dULZ. L L4 de4c4i
o&ed.
Tan the 4.t 2 day o olt the 4tudy. the 4 thLect tepo ted
IUA.
geneJia, L aches and ßa in4, dd.- tract i4i4U4 and decieu aed
el4 cLenct. I1
opt .the. 4e,4a... t&e 4.tu4 h2 4epoAt a1
4Vmßtamata. Cagµ hate.. 4.1, C uate. 4 Jertond one paint er-hen
wcu).. Howeve2, he nu ed g. high 4 ta-te a4 alwu4a. L
th&oughawt the 60 da. pe t1. ad, being veW a.44c tLona to and excited,

rvhL& pm n ta..th irr. a .orte alt well. -dre tn.g, with high IJU)Z4.
t.4 C
ere rgy.
Between da.ý 11 curd 17 tht4 oudviec t wa-i 41 ou red bey a
.
4k-ln cU- o cde.4 which Loaded the waten Ae ten tt an 4cctdz Ton hu t

.f firne.

low
 nie 5 41 Vearis o-Ld J)tuo Iced P4u.choLoq, t4t
2 chZtd, te i.

F-PO Sc04'eo P £ 11
Dart1 6 5 14 2
aV. 60 5 4 13 1

The. ve uat Lox Ex iovew-i. an acoce fan thJ. 4tth4ect t4

i.
. ncoaquent tj. h the h..Lgh P4ijcho. Uc L m. and neu'iot cL r 6ca .
lqgqAQ 4tVene44 and hoa LJ-- urhLc,h wte.. iwo o4 the nuvth,
,
can t told ta, w to P, ahe tu d U. Lana. L4i. nta.Le chaAa. c tefi i4Uc-4,
and can4e¢uen ttV are wau. Cd expect men to have hti; h" P 4co4. eA
L= women.. ücenck'a 4tandaAd4aALan. data bean .t/144 out
.
c Lea4-L .. One erawLd aLa expect theae tAzUt4 and Ae fated one-
.
a1L . Ln aaat att.. tude4, tack o .doc aUU. in. 9 coa4tna. Lnt- and

4 on.q I Litdo, and th. deed, . hate o a c. Lo. e. can. nec t ion
-i.
&e tween P and the ft ntUn qq on. the IIWQ wi. te,; aALd4 .to
t /fe. c t Loa. The Lary £ and high Ii 4cah
exc4ta), rW and a. ,
bi. d Lca to a ¢u- e t, e wed type, moody. and ýt en t. 4L.
,
dept, e44ed. Thy at 4o t4 &e, &. cted ta the UQ PA4Ue,
. .
The t8 day. 4 wr node to 4epoAt4 Cu. ,the pawn.
Le tevea l iW headache-4 and fat-L ue. Thece ae high deg2ee4
.oca
Atge. t Lae44, Lo&re ed judgement and d-i Lc.
u.C,
tty in
o- fu, . .
cancen tLan. The neg t ue ae. c. -t 4ca. Le UA" 4-a t e,4i.,

and 4h. awed 4tgnZfLCCnt mood 4urin9.4, anxLefiy, and depte. 4 Lan.
,
Between dac 9 and 24 a ýa-Li , how mood 4ta'te .Deemed
to p eua.U Ud to nodeAate degAeeo or- /_ue and geneýa-L
-m .
ached and pain 4. Thti iA
wa ca rL4, ten t Wi.
&r. Uh 4e, O' to o/

aaxtetj, and tei Lon.

.
By, day. 29 a cancer Loa de. c it wa a noUCea bd e and
.e ne,d 'acute' bV. Caret the 4 and deP4"4. Lon.
Ethel 4LL#ject.
The4e 4etbig4 meted Pn 4 dacy.
are. at4a noted.
Ra in on dac 44-49 a 44MUAM vste2 04° 4V-mPtO7l4wad
.cli.
4epo&.ted. Tan the ate w irde, a- the 4-tu 1. pei od, a cal n,
ben Kaweven, th..wu. the 60 da"
4a. ou tLook aura4cipppAent. ghawt
the c tna. in aAned a hýL. h Leue. L of. act Lan. and exc 2eaervt.
-octhie.

202,
fllaLe 6 30 tea o oLd 127atted OccapcdtLona,L
2 chttdA n. Thenpt4, t

£PQ Sco4eir pE 1Z L
ý7acý14 13 10 1
6 13 13 0

Except Jon the e.Ceva ted PPVcho. t tc nt acone Pt the

4econd camp-1 Lon, of- the EYQ, at L he o-tARA 4co cue

trot,. the na. vta , to tqe.
Tfvzoughawt the 4tLL4 the 4u-& e. ct 4e.
p 4cted 'no expe. 4-6MC-e
. .
o4 4 aptar 4' hone the au tononr tc neac t Lon, urate2 retention
on contUt ica- e4. But, he comp-La.ined ca n4i4t ' on at L
the o hel. 4ca. le4 f,, ws day. 7 and darr. 60. Jn 4p i to alt him
aßpa&en t .lack. a-l- lireLL-&e it tht4 au e.
c t 4efo4te-d /ee.. (htq
,
a.1 excitement- and af-ec tLaa ur-Wi. )JuA4t4 aý eite q.y. cLL'3104
con, t4 ulou4.4.

263
 &-e 7 23 cyeatd otd Stns to student
,

iEPQs co"LecPEn
.c
Dajý 12 18 76
Iwt 60 1' 18 49

The P4q-choUci4a -cane taw fan a man aA tM 4 age,

.L . .
Q -La the /2ew. aUciöflL acaAe. The Ex love tan gca&e, hour-
eve-t, -t4 h qh and poZit4 to an ac tLve, 40C iate, 40444:b to
m4t-ZP-44 2n.cUut dccaL, nat given to watt iq too 4t tongi
.ta
4 mutt, and an the whale, a .ý.a ihýl ct. we,U-ba anced p.er4an..
Scoi an the OQ rcevea.Ced a pe t. on, wha mach have been
4Mgect to 40rrz 4a4.t aA mood We l e-Agitated lrehavtowt.
Du.tinq the day4 aý the 4t. udt Ud upheavaL4 an the
.t8 m
cancan and negative a.4ect 4cate4 ate .ohawa.
T&oa dam 9 to 13 headache., au14cLe. 4ttj. ne and ? at4ue acre
4epan ted, (24 avte a tA.0r4 &eJ21W4 aý, .t "Zoo and nood, & e44.
!IU...d 4 ap2e the concen c,
at i as and behau owt change 4 mptam.
-ta
c,ca.{,e4 cure at4 o teuea, Led. The 4 ut ect m.a4j,taine d .t -L4
de,& taUn 4t to untU day. 30 when aU ne-Pa o an the parr.
4Ca l.e cea-ed fan the ve-nuv en q- the. time p"tod.
Than darf 39
-theke We.&Z 4,67JI4 aý- d.Lot-=C. WU*UV. anal the
nega tue af4zc t 4Ga-!z neJ2ected 4t lwn. t to acute dep 4tan
and ankle c, ý. 1)uAtag.. tM4 pha4e tt t. tt e expeAtence of- 4VArALI v4
in the atawsa-L 4ca-Le way AzAoated. 7/z,, (= 4 the an. Ly. Ute
. .
as ire-Pce day. 39 and a , cte loci. 48 t t4 ju 4ect nia in tc Cned

ah qA leve. L alt ac ti on. and weel. L-be inyt. Hawevet, 1/ tint

.
39 &p4.. 44 oil cant-L, uced at a h. Lgh and
day. rnaad 4v and
Ln to pitch the h.
er a2ndeh o? the 4t44 tute-
. .e .f..

zog.
 l?la Le. 8 27 v-cti atd fizml Led Soo k4 e.Ue
1 chi-Ld

-EPQ F- 11 £

Dacp14 71 10 5
7304 60 5 11 10 6

Tl 4 1JJec t 4att4 ue U urfu n the ' noAmat' taage

ion ai. L /124 4co is on. the EPQ. he i4, hover ue t;, ne4ec ted
.
ca 4athui n.e1,an choLl c cluzAac tei, phone -to pain anal
4. indeed qRt aches and pa , &L4 and 4etrete
taL
,tcedn
duz ane tepo&, ted on. the / DQ f om, day. 4che4 tu4.
8 datj4 7 and 8 he exp enced decJ eczJted e/ . i.c f en c4i. anad
tcure, c 4ro4. p. P,
onrzance. The 4a 4e. UAt iaC4ea-oed to a
't ong. Leve. L and the auG ct became dep 4ed, -tie and
.
w, xLoth.
T.ta, ý. darf 17 the-tee wa
a .iar lZr4 o# of- P -fl- a4 Jetoma
&u the n,ega .Lue a e.c we t4 t, and axe. exp: enced .tJidwaugh
. .t
auf the t.
4 udg. Btj dcup 23 4-i.gn i. ýý Stepan to On. the. I2a

4qm torn 4caLe aapea d again and a-te fAoa modezcvte to acute
unt, U- day. 32 when once uga2n theV. d.i aa.r pa ted.
On. dart, 41 aVnp t or w Than. the µa in4cage. orte n..
cL9-a- &L
.
euZden. ce to a 4-t4. ang degtee and con. cen tJia tLon, wcz a. e.cted
que ma tked 4t.
h Oho tt pZte on. pain, ayntpton. i between daV4 49 and 53
and then p ene a4 ache. and tic ii , he.adache4 and ý_a Ue-
ne twzned on, a mild -ta nadetu,. te 4ca, Le unt U day. 60.
Loure.ted judgeme_n t, i.
. iuomn-& and d im iac t i, J.2tV, p .evo. U. ed
du, t, la i
-tA4.4 pha4e.

2.05
 ll te. 9 22 Vecrris 0J d S-in4I e- (Zu e

CPQ Sca,. e4 P£nt

Racy 16 19 31
Da460 6 19 00

1W. 4ca an each 4ca, Le a? the FPQ aste ei the4

marke .Ltj. h- gh (P4Vcha ici4a and Cxt tove. t i. Lan) on
ex ny ( flew coUc 4r and Lt" ) accafcdi, n.c to
-Caw .
EV-4enck'4 nom. .1.t t=4 vet d i. Lc tt to a44e44 hour
.
pe iran tZt it di ,en4-i. on in an mad. not have a IGeaAZmq an .thiA
4u x ec t'4 mood/behau- ou. t as /o2 the r°.iö. t 34 daV4 of- the
4.tu4 he tepo&ted 'no ex/se. nce tom o' on ant o.. the
. 04 4ynp
8 4ca l eo a? the 1WQ. Thi4,
a? cauz. e., ma&,p be in t2 *Vee
01ý done PRA4anat U4 t cr it in Zt4e4o The hd qh C. ocaAz
. .
po-in t. to a tiuet ea. going 4octzU; tp- tijpe; th L4 cauß. Led
., .
with the vet Loci 124co&e urawLd veýuq.pnabal; tV, 4how the
.
pi ctu, tz. we Zece Lre ý,,iarc the IIIDQ.
On dcu;"s 36,37 and 38 .tft i4 4LUzýect ex Ud
.aced m
anx-. e il and an dart 42 he had a mode to teJ d Lf.f : curt t L%P-
ca 2.t was not w, t- the Caat 7 dw, z- a? the tine
. .L . .
pe,t od that headache4 and ?.aýUtw.e aaiea e.d. The 4u r ec t
.
cou, Ld not cancea t z., W04 cL4 t and na"e. and .ct,aiced at
harne in bed. On., tee-Lo that the -dui ect betan ZU du&4Ag
.
-th L4 week and .the 4Vnp'-omA he .then exile enced were teý2P-ctlve
a? an .i-LCne. o not a AeltU4n change .in U4 .body/ha vwna 41i..
-ten.
.

20 b
 Rate- 10 23 (jea.,u o)4 llla t ed Soc c2

EPO SC04" pp F. nC
Dad. 1 10 12 11 7
Dar, 60 10 12 11 6
.

P4V.rhot, ci4, n 4co of- tfws rnagn.i iude. cvie orU4 olrta2n. ed
&V. p41chot, c in EV4enck`4 4anpte, the l2eU-,
Wt is virn 4C-OAZ
,
haweve, t, ice Low alrno4n. 2 4amplz. 9.t irr ten Un¢
. Iton an
tJLa t the4 e4 coo 4ena4A ex .C-tLii . the game darn the 4t
,
comp-Cet r on to the 4econd, two mon#h4 Loten.
.Dome .
lühen we. Look at the tei t aý 4i iptorr4 an the EQ
Al. no
. . .
tetra. patteAn ene yed exce a that the 4U4 ec t cornp.Lasn ed
,
ConW- 4 ter thAaugawt the o truth on a, U 4ca-Le4. He
.
2e7u a4a4 te aofi ted kta dro oxide which added to h i4 wo t e.4
.o
tern O 4c¢& Syrzzpton, iron the con. AO4.. oca,Le a-te
. .ocaýie.. .
'tepa, t. ted th a4hout, whtich uqz e4 ted -tJur t VaA tdL tdua-L
.
mac, have coapta b ed ion the .Doke of- conpla.. +.
ni .c. The conýt401
4C& e .ice conßo4ed ot- .tten,x4 wh-Lch have a vvuj J-ow Aeq z.utc .
0i endo4emer ana(, urh.i ch maJ. ne. M ec ta L
ateneAa. .teadenctj... o
carnp. La-in of, a. Lra&te ý of- a ynp tam4 L e4 p ec Uue aý wh.etheýt on
not th et cute u4ua,L Lr,. aocfa ted with h.
mood c: an.ge (Marna 1968 ).
.

2oti
 A?PEIZDJX2

1. The O&i; Z a,L Qlao.l a IIza d-tAua L D.i 4tAeA4 Que4.t t,oaaa vL-.

2. The RevV d Toten 7 o.A the IIWQ.

3. The ü"enck Pe anaUt4 Que-4ttonnaUe.

 Menstrual Distress Questionnaire

Form A

Marital Status

Ade Number of Children

N' ,4

wToday's Date Occupation

the tes of your most period (flow) in the

rite approximate c'a. recent menstrual
space marked "A" telow. Then write the dates of the menstrual period which
preceded the most recent one in the space marked "D".

most recent flow

° from other times dviing week before most from
to most recent cycle recent flow to

DCBA

'4n the next two pages is a list of symptoms which womcn sometimes experience.
Please describe your experience of each of these symptoms during the three
ý different time periods listed below:
Col. 1 during your most recent menstrual flow (the dates delineated
by area A on the diagram above),
Col. 2 during the one week before your most recent menstrual flow
( area B on the diagram),
Cul. 3 during the remainder of your most recent menstrual cycle
(area C)

Note: The answers you put in columns 1,2, and 3 should be accurate for
your experience specifically during your most recent menstrual cycle.
Please do not simply report your general experience. Also, please report
experience of those symptoms whether or not they seem to you to be
related to your menstrual cycle.

Copyright: Rudolf H. Moos, 1968

 listed which best describes your
For each answer choose the descriptive category the that
that time. Write number of
experience that s tom during the descriptions are
of Even if none of
description in the space provided. describes your, experience. Do
the that best
exactly correct, choose one
not leave any blank spaces.

Descriptive Categories
_ present, moderate
}1- no experience of symptom 5- present, strong
2- barely noticeable 6- acute or partially disabling
3- present, mild
$ 1.2.3.
most week remainde:
before of cyoie
recent (15) (C)
flow (A)

Weight gain ....................... ...........

2. Insomnia, r ........:. ... _----
................. ........
3. Crying
...................................
Lowered school or work perform? rice...... .....
5. Muscle "
stiffness ..............
6. For "
getfulness ...............................
7. Confusion
....................................
8. Take in bed
°. ý naps or stay ..............
9. Headache
.....................................
10. Skin
disorders
................
11. Lone lines
s ................ ...................
12. Feelings
of suffocation ..........
13. Affectionate "" '""
""""""""
................. "
14. Orderliness
.................................
15. Stay home
from work or school ... """ ..........
16. Cramps (uterine
or pelvic) -- 4
3-7.1'Dizziness
or faintness ............... tk'
188. Excitement., " s
° ....... o ....... ........... ý'

{ 19" Chest "

pains............ .....................
20. Avoid
social activities... """""""""
21" Anxiety. " s
.......... ..................
22. Backache "ý"""
4
23. Cold
sweats......... .'........................

Zi0
 .ý'1Cia .. ,,.. .. _.... ._.. .,.. _ ,.. .. Ir4.....
_ _. . .. ý ... ,... ,. ý.. ,.... «,., Mw.... r..... ýw....... w. e. au:. ahf... awý. *. tr,. w .... iJ-«....,. u ... ýr}i4'Lww i. 'lL.......

i..,
, 5ß

3
most week remainder
recent before of cycld'=T
' c. flow (A) (B) (C)
...
'.,'24. Lowered judgment
, ............. ................
25. Fatigue
......................................
'26. Nausea or vomiting....... ý" w
....................
27. Restlessness....
= 28. Hot flashes
.................................. ...ý.. _.
29. Difficulty in concentration ..................
'30. Paini'ul or tender breasts
....................
31. Feelings of well-being .......................
32. Buzzing or ringing in ears ...... ..... -r.
33. Distractable
.................................
3L. Swelling (e. g. abdomen, breasts. or ankles)...
__
35. Acniüerts g. cut finger, boeak dish)......
°-° 36. Irritability
.................................
37. General aches and pains ................. 0 ..
38. Mood strings.......
.........................
:. 39. Heart pounding.....
..........................
40. Depression (feeling sad or blue) ........:....
Decreased efficiency............ .............
ßt2. Lowered
mc,tor coordination ...................
43. Numbness in hands or feet........
or tingling
14. Change in
eating habits ......................
45. Tension
......................................
It6. Blind
spots or fuzzy vis.. on ..................
ü7. Bursts
of energy or activity .................
ýý

In what ways, if any, was your most recent menstrual cycle unusual?
i
i
1
k
ü

{S'

J
ä
; ýr, ý ä.-
ý.
ý to 2II
 lýý
.
DISThESS QUESTIONNAIRE
MENSTRUAL
Form T
2
-,Name
,
4Today's Date
, ,
r#
On the next two pages is a list of symptoms which women sometimes experienec
For each symptom choose the descriptive category l isted below which best describE
your experience of that symptom today. Circle the number of the category which
best describes your experience of the symptom to"day. Even if none of the cate-
gories is exactly correct, choose the one that be st describes your experience.
Please be sure to circle one number for each sympt om. Please also remember to
put your name and the date in the blank spaces at the top of this page.

Descriptive Categories
1. No reaction at all 4. Present, moderate
2. Barely noticeable 5. Present, strong
3. Present, mild 6. Acute or partially disabling

Weight gain ... 1 2 3 4 5 6

2. Insomnia.. 1 2 3 4 5 6
....... ........
3. Crying 1 2 3 4 5 6
................
h, Lowered school or work performance 1 2 3 4 5 6
...
14 ' 5 6
husrle stiffness 1 2 3
...........
6. Forgetfulness 1 2 3 14 5 6
......... "...
7. Confusicu 2 3 ü 5 6
.......
8. Take naps or stay in bed 1 2 3 4 5 6
.......
9. Headache 1 2 3 4 5 6
........
10. Skin disorders 1 2 3 4 5 6

11. Loneliness 1 2 3 4 5 6

12. Feelings of suffocation 1 2 3 4 5 6

........
13. Affectionate 1 2 3 4' 5 6
,...
14. Orderliness 1 2 3 4 5 6
....,.,.......
15. Stay home from work or school 1 2 3 4 5 6

16. Cramps (uterine 1 2 3 4 5 6

or pelvic) ......
17. Dizziness or faintness 1 2 3 4 5 6
........
18. Excitement 1 3 ü 5 6
.............. .2
19. Chest pains 123 ýt 56
..
Copyright: Rudolf H. Mooss 1968

2J2.
.FIýý .. Y.. ý.... u... ýrr.... +. wr r.. ia... A_ .. i. +.. .wi... wý.... r. . _... wo.., ýwNMiepýY.
srA rwrwwy. "Y+ +. "ý. r.... ". "., r M.. ti. +"+w +w_ _ Wow-IYAMr. y yyFr. JýraAMiYýY. n. ti Y{. Wýaýýý{

ý,ý'ý"ýýYý
ý No Barely
ld ModorateStr Acute
reaction noticeable ong
20. ' Avoid social activities ,,., ,,.,
1 2 3 4 5 6
,
21 -Anxiety 2 3 4 6
22. Backache 1 14 5
.. 2 3 6
.'.
23. Cold sweats 1 2 3 4 5
. 6
24. Lowered judgment 1 2 3 4 5 6

25. Fatigue ............. 1 2 3 4 5 6

....
26. Nausea or vomiting 2 3 4
"5 6
...
27. Restlessness 1- 2 3 4 5 6
i .......... ...
28. Hot flashes 1 4 5
.......... .... 2 3 6
29, Difficulty in concentration 2 1 It 5 6

30. Painful or tender breasts 1 2 3 4 5 6

.,. ,,..
31. Feelings of well-boing ..... ... 2 3 5 6
32. Buzzing or ringing in ears 2 3 14 5 6
33. Distractable 1 2 3 5 6
Swelling (e. g. abdomen, breasts, ankle) 1 2 3 1t 5
-34, 6
35. Accidents(e, g, cut finger, break dish) 1 ? 4 5 6
36, Irritability..,,,,,,,, 1" 2 3 4 5 6
37. General aches and pains 2 3 4 5 6
,,,, ,,,
38, Mood swings 1 2 3 !t 5 6

39. Heart pounding 1 2 3 lt 5 6

.....,,, ,,,
140. Depression (feeling sad or blue) 4 5
. 2 3 6
1t1, Decreased efficiency 2 3 4 5
w
Yi 6
42. Lowered motor coordination 1 2 3 4 5 6
... ,,,
143, Numbness or tingling in hands or feet 1
, 2 3. 4 5 6
1411..Change in eating habits 2 4
3 5 6
Tension ........ 2 3 !t 5 6
1a6. Blind spots or fuzzy vision 2 3 It 5 6
14'. Bursts of energy or activity 1 2 3 lt 5
. .,, 6

Z13
 ý..
.'r
ýý.

Depaý,# ¢rýat oý Soc f a,C.Sc,Ceace and Ku^uuii tie

o

THE C37g U1LU'CRS.TL

; 'ýý TOP.f1 T
9
Vyý

r, Q
4 ate. Seif
""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""

1tzm
&e-t a? Ch _Ldýcen............ Age .........................
.
ý6cup
it fl Za.. aAa LJ ta.. tu4
.................. 0 ...............

LL4t ed be-Low too a oe.Lecat i on, o ý tort4 " &

Pea/a.
. odyýnF. Uhl, .oometErneo
:k' xpaience. Ton each 4q pt. om, ch0o4e and put a cUc-Ie a.iww. d tJm
Z,URU3F-Rhi
t. ch &eo.t de cc-W eo coouh exp L nce o.ý that 4Vrcptair TORY.

IZo expettmce o4 aypnptoa -1

fl -2
filode, te - 3
' S.tJtong
-4
1cute/t7. i40a&ttaq.
-5

na _x_ i Mid Crl5deAato S zcrng Acute/

.ce
a,ý Scýuný.
tanc Di4 O-ytLnljý
__ _

'k 4cle4 ne44 1 2 3 4 5

.
Leadach 1 2 3 4
e 5
Jiamp.ý 1 2 3 4 5
4ckache
1 2 3 4 5
iclue 1 2 3 4 5
finz, mt ache and pa,Zn4 1 2 3 4 5
lr; Ia (. 1 2 3 4 5
4omn, otee -4Z 4ne44)
`q& tfJJ to 40 1 2 3 4 5
e
ö4u. 1 2 3 4 5
o
. gwe4ed
ccdýenzent. 1 2 3 4 5
tr,ý can cen tic .t in cý
Lýý. i.c.ý21. 1 2 3 4 5
'a 4V4 d"t tac ted 1 2 3 4 5
'c idea t 1 2 3 4 5
p&on.e
Cumýs 1 2 3 4 5
..äw'eAed
4c1w0 C on 1 2 3 4 5
2 5
t%QtK. peo,, u, =cei
 " 4; .. 1
tty

r, yý

ýý
. jiN:

na Expp-&i nce /?
Wt L fl adeAate stun cz Rcu te/
ýM".ä i
,
ii{t"* aýsj. o D.4a&
12ap4 , Mw bP..Ci
alt .O-. -ill 1 2 3 4 5
at home 1 2 3 4 5
'vä-Ld 40c-L .L ac uitt" 1 2 3 4 5
eq4 capa&Le 1 2 3 4 5
Ati ; -Ul"4 r7 aC rLtne44 1 2 3 4 5
Cä..d aurea,t 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 .5
ýüeigfvt gcýin, 1 2 3 4 5
tWU. -7.Le/ß 4
-ý 412014 1 2 3 5
PCTit/t,,.
: That
LLL ); &A wt/J/Che44 1 2 3 :4 5
S+ t 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1. l 7ýi 1 2 3 4 5
4t et*

1 2 3 4 5
"f

,rx
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
' töö+d qur-i, g4 1 2 3 4 5
Rr
t

1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
tjc, ,L dre L4 1 2 3 4 5
f`' 1 2 3 4 5
o& v
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
tt , in cý .in .the e a2 1 2 3 4 5

ý? xwi
1 2 3 4 5
rjC 1ýJ1ý 4# 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5

RAce you tukU4 (ka4 Contnacepti" The PLtL ?

"""""""""". """"
2 Rýie aa D l41l7ecUxxft i.an, a.ý and, cle ocAtpt2an,

40, what ai2 thetp and wh ate Gau at ak Uu; "thelit? . ............. .

'hei?
""""""""""""""""". """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

I'S
 E. P. Q. (Adult)

Occupation
..............................................
Age Sex.........................
........................

INSTRUCTIONS Please answer each question by putting

a circle around the "YES" or the "'NO" following the ques-
tion. There are no right or wrong answers, and no trick
questions. Work quickly and do not think too long about the
exact meaning of the questions.

PLEASE REMEMBER TO ANSWER EACH QUESTION

1 Do you have many different hobbies? YES NO,

..........................................
2 Do you stop to think things before doing YES NO
over anything? ........................
3 Does your mood often go up and down? YES NO
........................................
4 Have you ever taken the praise for knew someone else had
really something you
done? YES NO
.................................................................
5 Are you
a talkative person? .................................................... YES NO
s Would being in debt YES NO
worry you? ...............................................
7 Do you ever feel "just miserable" for YES NO
no reason? ............................... .
8 Were you
ever greedy by helping yourself to more than your share of anything? . YES NO
9 Do you lock
up your house carefully at night? .................................. YES NO
10 Are you lively? YES NO
rather .........................................................
11 Would it lot to YES NO
,1'12 upset you a see a child or an animal suffer? ......................
Do you often worry things have done or said?........ YES NO I
about you should not ......
13 If you
say you will do something, do you always keep your promise no matter
how inconvenient it might be? YES NO
.................................................
'14 Can you usually let yourself go and enjoy yourself at a lively party? YES NO
.............
: 'Are you an irritable person? YES NO
...................................................
16 Have you
ever blamed someone for doing something you knew was really
fault?
your YES NO
...................................................................
17 Do you enjoy YES NO
meeting new people? .............................................
18 Do you believe insurance
schemes are a good idea? ............................. YES NO
19 Are your feelings
easily hurt? ................................................. YES NO
10 Are all your habits
good and desirable ones?................................... YES NO

PLEASE TURN OVER page 1

 ýý;ýýJ
sw
a.

Do you tend to keep in the background on social occasions? YES

................... .
Would you take drugs which may have strange or dangerous effects?............ YES
Do you often feel "fed-upi a?................................................... YES
Have you ever taken anything (even a pin or button) that belonged to some-
one else? ................ YES
..................................................
Do you like going out a lot? YES
...................................................
Do you enjoy hurting people you love? YES
.........................................
Are you often troubled about feelings of guilt? YES
.................................
Do you sometimes talk about things you know nothing about? YES
...................
Do you prefer reading to meeting people? YES
.......................................
Do you have enemies who want to harm you? YES
..................................
Would you call yourself a nervous person? YES
.....................................
Do you have many friends? YES
....................................................
Do you enjoy practical jokes that can sometimes really hurt people? YES
.............
Are you a worrier? YES
...........................................................
As a child did you do as you were told immediately and without grumbling? YES
......
Would you call yourself happy-go-lucky? YES
.......................................
Do good manners and cleanliness matter much to you? YES
.........................
Do you worry about awful things that might happen? ........................... YES
Have you ever broken or lost something belonging to someone else? .............. YES
Do you usually take the initiative in making new friends? ....................... YES

Would you call yourself tense or "highly-strung"? YES

..............................
Are you mostly quiet when you are with other people? .......................... YES
Do you think marriage is old-fashioned and should be done away with? YES
..........
Do you sometimes boast a little? ............................................... YES
Can you easily get some life into a rather dull party? YES
............................
46 Do people who drive carefully annoy you? ...................................... YES
47 Do you worry about your health? YES
..............................................
48 Have you ever said anything bad or nasty about anyone? YES
.......................
49 Do you like telling jokes and funny stories to your friends? YES
......................
50 Do most things taste the same to you? YES
.........................................
51 As a child were you ever cheeky to your parents? ............................... YES
52 Do you like mixing with people? ............................................... YES
53 Does it worry you if you know there are mistakes in your work? .................. YES
54 Do you suffer from sleeplessness? LES
.............................................

page 2
 NO Do you always wash before a meal? YES NO
............................................
Do you 'answer"
NO nearly always have a "ready when people talk to you? .......... YES NO
ý Do
NO, you like to arrive at appointments in plenty of time? ........................ YES NO
Have YES
you often felt listless and tired for no reason? ............................. NO
NO Have you ever cheated at a game? ............................................. YES NO
Do YES NO
NO.. you like doing things in which you have to act quickly? .....................
I Is (or YES NO
NÖ; was) your mother a good woman? . .......................................
> X52 feel life is dull? YES NO
ýP you often very
Jfave
.............................................
, you ever taken advantage of someone?. YES NO
...........................
Do have time for? YES NO
you often take on more activities than you ...................
NO.
Are there keep trying to avoid you? ......................... YES NO
several people who
Do lot looks? YES NO
You worry a about your .............................
> rý Do you think too time their future with
people spend much safeguarding
NQ savings and insurances? YES NO
.......................................................
'If ave you ever wished that you were dead? YES NO
Np .....................................
Would dodge taxes if be found YES NO
you paying you were sure you could never out? ....
N
ýýpCan you get a party going? YES NO
....................................................
Do YES NO
you try not to be rude to people? ...........................................
Do YES NO
you worry too long after an embarrassing experience? ....................... {
Have insisted having YES NO
you ever on your own way? ...............................
When do the last YES NO
you catch a train you often arrive at minute? ..................
rý Do YES NO
you suffer from "nerves"'? .................................................
Do friendships break it being fault? YES NO
your up easily without your .................
Do YES NO
you often feel lonely? ......................................................
Do YES NO
ýrQ9 you always practice what you preach? ......................................
o you sometimes like teasing animals?.... YES NO
.................................
Are hurt when people find fault with you or the work you do?.......... YES NO
NO you easily
1 Have
you ever been late for an appointment or work? ........................... YES NO
bo like bustle and excitement around you? ........................ YES NO
you plenty of
Would like to be afraid of you? ................................ YES NO
you other people
I4 `Are you sometimes bubbling over with energy and sometimes very sluggish?...... YES NO
Iý0 Do tomorrow what you ought to do today?............ YES NO
you sometimes put off until
Do think of you as being very lively? YES NO
other people .............................. "
Do tell lot of lies? YES NO
110 people you a ................................................
Are touchy about some things? YES NO
10 you ............................................
Are you always willing to admit it when you have made a mistake? YES NO
..............
Would feel for an animal caught in a trap? YES NO
you very sorry ... . .................. !"

10 PLEASE CHECK TO SEE THAT YOU HAVE ANSWERED ALL THE QUESTIONS

page 8
Sifiý.. ý:.:ý1: [,. ý ý..
ý:.
ý

}t

123II4
Copyright ® 1975H. J. Eysenck and Sybil B. G. Eysenck
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
Printed in Great Britain for
Hodder and Stoughton Educational,
a division of Hodder and Stoughton Ltd,
St Paul's House, Warwick Lane, London EC4P 4AH,
by Chigwell Press Ltd, Buckhurst Hill, Essex.
 RETF-,
LncF-s

ABRFMMIZ, 17lcad 70)P& L, i., R: (1961).

Oe teape.. w t wte c/uzn¢e and jz4VCh04omat. -c 4Vn; Loma to-Loq4
h t,
n la an to the rnen4twa L cc cLe..
-ü2
AneAtcan ou&nc t oo- OJ tco and Ccan
eca Lov, 81,223-232

rc Jl, rt and. £
2ROIJILS, and BWX,H. (1941).
,q 1Janten.
R ?4Vch04Onat LC St U4 ai the Sax Cycle .Ln.
.
Pa ýtCha4amattr- &d i c.&m (3) : 199

Rl1O/ OUS (9970)"

.
/2atcuce 266 : 869

ASk 1l1.
iýl(7/TTRýü, T. (1937)
The O4Lg zn. oS udi-. tn.c i4i an, .in Rw t mii z.
Ocecu 2a 8: 204

BJu77017, P. 4. v. arLd RICA ws, D.H. and ce&, 2. C. (1975).

R Studr, a.- !llin. on P4ychta tAtc and ?h.44 cat. Sy=pt=4 d UA;
the line t vuzi- Qce..
Bntt. i4h Jou4nc Lc Po ciiiwtýut. 126 : 431-434
.

Ma, B. (1976)
Se.L-- pa,Ued Fctüra. Uan, du ,t&Lq the F&enr. o-t t z.L and (r?
en ýý. 2u 1.
PIWAe4 oý- .the lien4. ttU ,G Qýpe
..
Zowyi aA c le
Cc.,. Ra oeaýtch UoL 7,193-207.
-L

LEl2&DX, 7 Pu 12STC.9I2, B. B. (1939).

and
Th.e Cat et tca ie tueea Ova.ttaa / 2u Ur and P4 chadpuzrUc
,
Ilervstiu a-L Ccle ?ha4e..
p&oce44e4:
MCZttXltAC, 1.461-485
): 4 JL040M Z LC

ßCRl2ST&3n, B. C. (1975)
pe,uan tt yc Facto fl44acia. ed wtth l eo da,,,. on and

1 I4tW4-L Di4c-o40'U.
f ca Socip-. coP.
#Lnc'ýr choAarnatic
oý;. De.,
ný u
ý , ý, de .
2edic
!; ne 22.10-15
and

z1r,
 ýP.
, g J
and 1"k-9, RC, 7..C. (1972.
,C
"'" t&U.2L Di4 Az44 Sexual RaJ
a-. ä Rcceptw ce- a .
4 l acucnr. LcfOb4caandýr r-aiza UoL 114,83 7
-c -8

77F-r9tr,Z, B (1952)
R ß.4 Qn Jn i tLa on pa" in to Gen4t uuV toa and
.

40 cZat-Zaa. , '; t=vac CUV,. (f 1952) .

,

&?CXEJS, 0 and XODS, rt. (1951,

rte. zee, Bt 't, r' ' 9f 406.
.c

; aad TLO ,S
133JTCW1&C, (1974)
fern 4tlu C40& l2e-7att e
' tem Af ed Suicide and the- -R
Canctu, i.
d. ßn.
Loatnaý. Patcý444CrzWab trot, 78,367-369
r- .

H. and RIPPE1n,
8.777, /. and (J9ESBABF-R, H- (1953).
7he atatt (I&II PM! 4a. L .n lex.
67 ý,v" J! 1t to 2ona. L LC!. 91,792

I3%37TRÜLT,
R. (1927).
2174 Sen jenento and 9n4 ti Uan4 .
Mathe U: RS U4 ih
aý . e 4h,ß aý -u
.
(AU,
ert and, l1win)

BP,(jJ1Z, ; and ATTVIE r, R. (1962).

to Pnaýr.Lem.o
7h e- If, ll4ZI a* £0 oc a
apt t ccv on of,

Re,. 1 tci Peg

is tm. , 18: 337
.

$,RuSli, R..C. (1938). d

SycriR Ca'L Lc,
an, ý a aaacia tý;
Ritt-Ltudýo, frzatLarutt and ?/1.
4 C 2- an°
zr-i.ttL Irlenotvicrti. arr..
tAuuýVOL8 286-301.
Oa, cu;,
pn tis auýuuýL

a.,
7RS7O, c. (7975).
CHESnCLL,
R.
. and CJcCe.
S n,, tO otý. unrýcýilcý
The 1ýeve.Laýýent aý the-
Ua 13 237 , 244
Behau o" Rvseu:, c Thea

217
 CLUE, (1977).
P4 c-cha. Gaq.ica, L ? aI. U e4 a4 tiJomw cor%LCaýn iruä,
oý Pie rcenq ýuýzL
Scu'tpto, n4.

Cwywn t Pe e.a.wh and Qi&aort UoL 4, Supp-& t4

23-28

coPPE. n, R an.d XCSSCL, n. (7963).

R,ert4t-t i,an and Pew an at Ui
,, .
Ru ti sh ýauýuuý(, a ?4 ch,ý;cr,#Jiz.
c 109,711-721

CORXER, C. S. and F_XI ý, D. (1968).

aw. naG aý C oc ttngLoa4 40: 255

DELR,
RE9, ý and Clt7'TQR, li.;. and TOTH, C (1976).
.
The Cute: RC Uu1t fU4to&.,, s a., r iu-L on.. (C.
La4ke, 9lua,&L
.L
and Co., ).

DALTOR, X. (1959).
J%tAtwA. oa an.d 4cu-te ?arjch atAtr- 9tlne4 eo
64, i. i`,,t4h ilecUca ZawyuvL. 1.148-149
.

i,. QOa, x. (1960).

&f4c t4 o/, P2nos iua.U a on. SchaaL.q l1ee.Uyt bJo L,.
-'
8,i-Lt Uh G7ed,Lca.L you =L. 1.326-328

DRIran, X. (1960).
G2ei t. ton and Rccith! JU i.
-az,
Berit. h l'? caL lout-C, 2.1425-1426
.d

R on, X. (1961).
Erz and Ct n.
ßn iýh I?kd Lca L 7a wyw 2.1752-1753
,

DAZOR, X. (1964).
The P ºtt uU LS n4 tame. ((e, +h.Qrran).

AWOIl, X. (1964).
Jn tuence lº
of- UW cwzt .on on. Kea.L& and iAea
JD. oe.
Ii<edreine 57: 262-264
Pnoczetý o4 .the RoVz4 Socte ! c,

zis
 £/1LTQn,X. (19G8).
112e
'L4t,t ,at, Latt and F rrz i rcat. GQrr
o.
£ancz t, 2.7386-1388

D ron, X. (1970).
The. GEen,
ot LwL C.ýcc.(e. (Pence., Ha rz4uxo4th).

D,
. Lran, X- (1970).
The 3nv on twice o.- C"err4tu,2,C Date.4.
Update-, 2.310.

X. (1975).
-DAL701?,
'l1h.cs don. '.t doctoio 4ta.,at the P4=4tuu-L SVnd-torn. ?'
111571S l,,TW,u e Ro. 15.89

Di crag, Z. (1975).
.
and.the P ..166h
ýe e,tat P act i ti aneh., RaV, 19

ai'2rTon, X. (1975).
P4eMen4uuz.L. s ore.
" ýtý, 121-128

DRLOT X. (1978)
. ,
' Ortce a 0)jath' (Taatt=).
.

DE ru1RCRJ,w.4. (1976).
P4ycchophy o La1aq!2c aL /1 psect4 aý- the glenat'uia L C-V-Le.
, ow na.L ay- P4ctch04onat c Rc4e-a h. Ua 279-287"
.

£OF-R-1122,
C. R. and X)MEZE-', R. C. and ßROX X. H. and NR UR
,
D. R. (1975)-
R Ciyc-Le f,; J't czarza Ti. 4to4te onz 2n .the Ka, In illz&-
,-v
IouAna L of, Cldn2ca. L Cndoc.Atac. Cag,. and rnp,& otZdna Uo.
C 40.

492-500.

DC2RJ12Z.,C. R. and BWOD.E., X. H. anal R. C. and t?ECXEý,

ho and ftWBURc,D.e1..ca TRjagan, C.

R. and 1OIRR,
R.
and U/UWE LJJE!£, R.. C. (Palo) (1974)
(ate 1 Ley, & Sono n. L. )"
Sex Dt/ e.uAc, " Behau oun 413-431
.n

2,
Cr_cJS; K. (1926).
n,an, and San 330-353. (Landon.: R.C. 6th
Gack. £d.
U.).
.

UCaS, F!. (1942).

S¬xuzt SeLecUan.. in 11l= Pat 3 (1899) 2n S.tudA 1n tAe
P4ijchoto9* 4
o. Sex. (flew ;Lank. 7wtdom. Kouae).

(1977).
Pe4 anciL Canwum.CCt i,an.
.

£R1ZSTc-k, U. L. (1975).
Rm A4cart tlZp-x t uuz L £xpn-44toa4.
Sex Roi" Uc.L 1. flo. 1

FXLEY, D and CORMP, C. S. (1966).

Cndoch in. iI. aq4.35.83

R.;. and £/SEJ , S. B. (1975).

£LCSCnCX,
llldLwa L of- the. E. enck Qt Pehoona l U. ci. Lan Lat e.
(kad e and Stoughton).

CYSEtZcx, H.;. and £LISERcx, S. ß. (1964).

flZ=ua.L oý the £t 4 en ck. Pe t4 ona. Ucj 7n.uen to
..
(. Condon lt ue v ty. Phe44).

T '£ h7R12,P. 11t. (1955).

Tanta Led o flterwtýuraUcrL dn. Aean
P____ an_bjti. c Qwtt UoL 24 1-19

90on, 9-A. (1966).

M-P,
StcV-t4#. Lcc,C Aiatg4t4 Pooxl iagV. and Educcrt an
-in
2rrd. E4 t. (mc i,. L).
-IE.

T.CUh t2, C-7r. (1956).

Mana4e 7A?
J t aý f wt tztat DS:oande44 . Pfý.i, Lade2ph.t cz.

I1nx. J. T. (1931).
TP.
The Ko vno ua C:au oe4 o/ ?we 4t u. a-L Te utorz..
.
A&ctu ve4 ai l2eu totc2tL 26.1053

Z20
 7. RF-U1Z R (1930).
P4 ch i4 the Sazt4 w-4 do &P-"tiucun curd 9nýt rn ot tWL 1.
?4 cha. L 3a-ch: 13 198-217

ýE32.9/2
O. E. (1951).
A Recan,4ide4a, UarL of- Pt z4.t4uuaL Phenomerta
oA O -te. iic4 aad lteGcLaa, 1.58: 1010-1018
-gou-na-L

PLC, A. M. (1943).
Tuac.#toma LD Lot tvzJ=ce4 of- PZuwt.tL a i.an.
.
But et in. G'eh C to ca,C Uo-L '7.6-14

o.CUB,S. (1976).
The Ills n, itude a.ý F nat'zu d. hnYLe 4 and DepAeo2tiart
P4(cho4ora crc. Üte 38.4-12

ca.CUB,S. (1976).
The q pa o/ F riemerwt taa ý. Rn.
xJ.e try and De ý o i.oa. on
..
Cogn i ive Tunc on.
.
7Low na L 0i& Pen4 0naLU & and Soc"Loo P,oy.cho Loau, Uo.L 34, !Zo 1.
..
99-104.

9OLUB,S. (1978).
Sex D i,ý-/ fence o &n R.ttýe4 and Ge qA RecratcUr g. l?e zit tuaUo, t.
. .
PapeA pAe4eM. ed at the Second Rrwtua4. nvz4tAcu t CrecLe Co e-ta,w
St. Lou i4.

COMB, S. (7980).
?,te?W-n4-týu Guuu7e in fllood and ?eno oaaU {t, and Caqu U Lve
3'unct4, on.. in SAR, Rj. and gPnhR I, &. A. and E LE1, C.?.
(F The C n4tA zJ A Swvthe i. ý 9n,týd. LaciýLLtna
-d4) 31, a. d a.
j2e.4ea4ch, Ua.C l. (l2. /. Spni, rcet)

ý&OTTESC#LRD £. A. curd MP. CRJn,S. 14. and bf.?l2cCT C. M. (1962).

, ,
Uan,ici#.-orw in llku;nUude alt üno£. ono: R ll?thtod ai ZJ£d .to
&tXie cf and N04t U. dui pha-dpo o,L the llkfwtW. &. C tc,Ge..
.
P.oecho4ornatLc R1ediz r. e 24: 300-311.

221
 Oll k, k. (1975).
Pe-uanat trW,Pac taA4 n.e ii ted to the. Re,Q. tked Seve iL
, o4

awcn t-t o.- /Ltma4ra4 Pookchctcq, c. 84.59-65

x. ( 1953).
(,RCCf,R aad DALTOR,
The Pt& nzt4=L Ten eto, t Spzj t rmz.
ß&24h fl d Lc vL oou ma L. 1.1007.

r. RaBR, c:
cued f: OFERBRl1A Ai. (1975).
OPI COA&C.a te4 a.- AZnAtt ut.L Dto
.44 .
? ycho4omaac. n!e.d Lc i. 37.265-273

I&/12, p. c. (1975).
Sex J)V, ienc" ia 04tutnt z. Peqohmaace.
Komm Tacta&4: Ua.L 17 165-171

R R9, T.gyn.
andU1W, C and &R,
HhRB1L
. » CvLd 7
11ILLMn,
(1965).
Acta Cadcc tiaotor r (S a) 103: 5.
.L

KRG'JUR5, D. R. (7966).
F zct4 alt Pýtage4.teýLOne an, &MvLowt ErL £E11F2ý, R (Ed)
.
üu oc.44j " and the CRS
.
e4ea&rA Pttbt trx aZ the Rogac i atian Lan Re4e-arch to It-tvouo
.
and flkA ta. L Dt4 ecz , 43,251-265.

it trys, R. R. (7972).
The )an4e-,tou4 Sex (/t. LL. Pocket ßaako).
.

HI?, B und MOSU7-1 (1960).

,£
Btachen, i4 uP of- S ods. (Re tnhadd, liew Lto4k. ).

HHERSEY,R. B. (1931).
Emo toaa, L C4c t e.A Zn. G7km
.
ow. nac, o/ rrenta, ý Seience, 77,151-169
r

5SRMgL,R.R. and IiRZ fE S, R.A. (1967)-

Acta £idoc. ttwL, 56: 469. `

.jS
222
9vF-Y. H and 8kRD(*3CX, 1. (1968).
q
Pa t.e,luzs of- Aý c t. i.ve Tt4wAva.Uan, 4 in the ftatýuur L C4c.Ge.
P.oychaýamcý#.Lc flle ühe, 30,336-348.

; ACO13S,T. 1. and C1AR,C£S, C. (1970).

Cavce Lott oý ?ar ch Lct vc Symptaiw. toLo¢y, and he 1;1en tAua4
,
Ccc,Le .in the Out pa PopatatLoa.
.ie. .
ArteA can ö ou4rzo,.C oý, 1 oycM vtu., 126,1504-1508

XUTAYRNt;
I, T. E. ar d7 RASAl,J1, S. (1967).
.
D-i,ý.{.eJCeýn
ý Cora tot or- the Sex Hoanon d
czn. 0-'%,
tac2n u/wr.
Evoked ? otent i adir ta the HtVpo hai mn4 and Mtdt-Adin -Ret i,ý.
Ta an.
Jap2rLp4e 7auýuu.L o Pncýýi.a Lana, 17,65-93.

XJ STROfi ;. F-. (1971).

,
t, ýný n-surge , A. and £un , a. o. (moo).
cum P4c&1. . n. ,-eAtUi tu 50. (PJ, P"144).

7,7nsE4, A. C. (1948).
Sexua, L Behau-tout a the Human P=t p- (Sawuie-t4, Phttad e Lp t a)
.

XOflS L, A. C. (1958).
Sexr ur.C Befutv-i owe in.. #he Hunan 3'e a.U (Saundeho, Ph tLa de,LpMcz) .
.

xOcSx, R.D. (1975).

and Soc oL and. St tuat. Lan.a-L -ac taA4 ZL the
Pý SW-Ldu e. (W pubit4lie. d 47awi4catp t, CaAaegZe-

I)le.ü on. U.n. i vet Ptt o.&w 4h) .

,

xC7-SM, R.D. and IMSSxC, 9.7. (1975)-

/In P ter i, uttoru. C Rp oach 40 P",. the ýIen. C
atýuýa. Ojc le.
aad4 and
lauýina, 1, aý Pe anct. t, and Sac iýc2 Pa. Garc 473-475
cýcha. ,,

SX., R. D. (1978).
XOF,
Theane t LcaL and Coriceptua)- Coajaz ems L, he /c4.44 ci
QXV- . -
llle'L4 iua, L C,ccLc. Re4ewcch.
Pal f Zeeti, ru. o the Second Aru=, L en. o-tnu c2L
le nt. ed at the .
qv, cLe Canphen. ce. St lau-L-.

äz3
_
2OPCLL,
Bý .cWW ,D andC.
CJ7OT,
R and hOQS,
R and
kiL73,u P. (1969).
,
Ucvt i.c.,t Lcn4 &L Sant-- li'le-a4uAc4 o, I4cu. da,L DuA,&i, the G7en,
4tlu. z
C6cc.Ce.
you- ncr.C a;2 /2ehuau.4 and 1Ten2a-L D.iz p o. 148.180-187

2 2t,'1P, ;., C. (1968).

Stud ie4 oL the Pacer n4)2Wl-L Scndwme bL Petattorý. to Pd Lczt-ut.
.
Rc.. a ?. chta theý Sc_arul Suazl n t. 203,216-218

r ssýnc, D. (1962).
7 go.de. na .jcak (chain Pia £,d).
CLT. T. CUS Ue 4ed 15-30
.
The ß r.L le (Rev eal Ed Uo a),

CF-UJTT, E. C. and LLLL3JR,B. (1967).

.
Sarre Pe&soaal,, ý TactO4d R 4CFC-i :d Idtth ti?e". tAUat COrLPiatn o
and Z-,xwtAvxz LR tZtttde.
ýacrývuyL a PP cho4ar. tic Ppise.ahch Ua.L 11 267-270
.

c3ý_r_R,
P aita SI RJn, C. (1972).
.
The Ca4e oý_ the TtW noon.
hunon 1eluzv.Lauh, [IOU-Dec 29.

MM/, !2.E. (1972).

Rcc i_de,
7,ta 2Juathr Lc T mat to fem 7Je.4
- .
Rcc iderrt fncz(S.ai..o and Re4eahch P ue, Uan, Ua.L, 4 1-11.

£3r7r.C, B. C. and zur{n, T. P. (1974).

Chan e-4 to CZaadand A,. tamouz Tunc.t-Lon t'- du ZLW the lk"tA r -L
4, c&.
Pau,.chaplu 4tot, oru UoL 11, na 5.579-590

£ TT,CF-, G. C. and zqi-in, T. P. (1974).

Pº4-i otocr ca.L and ?4Vcho. Laq,Lca C4.°, c t4 4 Pnogero one in. Alan.

ýou&uw.C o4 Iteýwou4 and /7eii.ta-L Di, UoZ 159, no. 4 256-262

4ex4e4

224
 £aucff, 0.1,17. (7937,
.
R P4Vchad.07.i cý S dz. o.,? Tunct; on,a,L Pe za Zc tt c.
Corz fiert s.t ye ?4u, aLa Uo.G 24. !1a. 2,359-368.
.

cuaE, S. (1970).
.
Sex ). i ie r-e d flea tth and DUn. e44
. _& .
Canadtzm P4udto orrZr ZL Re-u&ur ? c
4iy. crtoq e Ccznadieivze
-
8.79-91

£USfEC(I, Ir7.c. and P3F-RC.

-, 0.1% (1972).
Egac n4-t, wz.L CVc e, on stood and SexucU fLiou
t o.ý the. 17v.. a.L.
kwrna.. C c,P Sex /'eaectch. 1: 41-47

'?C nnon, 9 and TI CX7t2/Z0i2, P and TROOSOR, R. (1959).

1", .?
Leth. a,C ffa;. a&da a? the £. r tea, L ?h.cz
- aA the PZww cUC,; c l e.
2ß2iti4h lledä cU Zowcna L, 1: 7015-1017

ý1A9Tý?ttý_SC{f9.Gr9!?ý, X. (1978).
LJhat id a Pea-L D.
t,ýJ'reýence ? Cartte,n t at (7 had in rcn-jtic
. .

Pa,,e,t p ermed at ..he Jn týcLp£inct, Penm-t. rC

'eýea i Cam. St. £awi4.

r, rtDC.,
cr_, R aM POOL, Ill. (1967).
Su.Lc. de and the 124xwtiua,L GycCe.
; ouAn:a.C Qt ýG^iý.Lcan I11edL-=L R440CtatLon, 200,792

PIInsOn, I. C. (1965).
Liý ScLene, 4.329

v4R7l2.7, D. C.
r? (1979).
The Re. rwh iA aý- S ticau4a)- S.
#A"4-Moae ?e 4onczL-
.s1, and
-i ty. Tha U4 G"enouuz. L U4-t
eta e 4.
(lac.
a to . v-i44eAt4it i..an, un Lue utt4 lcvu{,
aý- Utcvrýc 1978)
I)4e, r .a Uon. 4 A&4t, ac t4 9n ýt Lona4., 39 35778
ltn ave-Ut /ILL to /2a. 79-00-. 90*

'
225
 UXurz, ý. ý.
(24, (1976).
1Ld4e,4 rmn t of- the Re Ua biLU, t
o¢ the E ec t oý, 12euMa L
3n4t, u c Laa4 oa the SVapto 22cting, 4 aý- the 1,700 r, t.
, . 41 ýWturu
t7.vý te4.3 .r aruzc2, te.
P4ychooonattc r d' Uo.G 38. na. 3
,

rna rJrt, 1.C./1. (1975).

ßLCad, Sueat and Tea 4: Sale / p1act4 aý lena L »-toaýcdeýc.
nwuo n. a 7. i. eA, 13.th. flow., 1830-1832.

m,
RSTF-&, u. C. (1970).
S, 0.11. and ý-01IRSan,
ldünan Sexual 9nadequact, c. % 8tacsrri and Ca., Baotan).

P. R. (1976).
Rood S/( and the Avi4t&uaL Cýc-Le.
lou.'vtcL af° P.ac chadarurti_c Pe.seatch., U'aL 20,125-130

rncc/11Zcc, R.R. and ßu77, M.c. a 1O1WOJsan, £. E. (1937).

Phlý--,i cat and Laot Lona,
L ?e- odt c-;tic -Ln !Baren.
; a=at Kui
OZ- - e.n e, (Ca &) *' 37: 571-605
.

f,k-C.CJR?OC;',, M. X. (1971).
1l-," J eat Syach to uq. and Sap e a.a.t art
rlatu, te, 2ak, 244-245

fZcCLtntack, A1-X. (1978).

The 5211 uia LCc. Le: Pltyý is Lag i ccýL wwt Beh.av, Lou,w L, Can. t aL
.
pAe4en tecl at the S¢. /?
cand niuuzt r/juw tnu zL CcicLe Can; e to ce
St £au ice.

rlc P., Q. (1969)

P4;, chad.o9i, ca, Statt t-LC4. (; ohn b7tt-V & Sono,n.,c.).
.

rE.WD4L,9. J. (1961).
Behavi. au&at Jntp ca.. 7en4Lof.
rw a., P ien4t&uaL
O.441 i-i.cý and gMeca. Lacu,A Ua,L 17,439-441

ITLI Cý7;, GT.ß. (7980)

.
ýerrýrý.srte ýn te4 4t (QLcýý.
t i.aruLaivice: An Jun to 4 .fön flo oe oo-trig
3e a. Le Rate O& en &. an.
(an P.zepa ati. an, S,tan. and Uni ueA4t4i CaWO nlL ).
.

zzb
 IJLLF-P., /J. B. and SOTH, P. 1. (1975).
E-L, inatia2 aý- .the. I,ýe"e4: P4r c 40C.
-Uzt R4/2eatos
hau uw, L ot ?4(-cf uc ?:eaeohch. UaL 12,153-166.

BOOS, R. H. (1968).
7t1.e De-MiopJ e,2t of the rlk" t tuaL DL-' t" Qcce.
o i onj z .2e.
PPr chG4GMaj c Red e, 30,853-867

i/ZOOS, P. H. (1969). (a)

P R7w -
o. the llle". t. utat D.
f4t&eA4 Qae4 tae.
Sand, Dpt. o P4Vdaczt ud., Uhive utt, o RectLc-ne.

MOOS,J. R. (1969i).
? ý,,w-Laczrý aA r;le"t, %u CVcLe Symp, oni4.
.L .
/ to Lccuz Io ymZ a.- O.G4to to cs aad rtecrý Loo t, 7e,& 1, Ua-L 103,
C1o. 3.

0700S, R. H. and %OPEU, B. S. and !i< ACS, T. T. and VLCOII, O. P.

,
and LUZF-, D. T. and CIA, 7012, R. B. and KIt(i2BUR D. R. (1969).
,
Ttac tua tta" £a Sy4gptom4 and Iiýood4 dw Lnq the fl en.4ti ia1 Cic, Le.
1ouAaat of- P&Ww4onta- tc R 4e.a ch, 13: 37-44

MOS, R.U. (ýt CL-1DU

Mn, D.B. (1978).
.
7o cAd4 a ll'len4tu J- CcVcCeSyp toa 7 Vßa.Lartc..
.
; acunaL aý- ?4Vcha4orwf c Reneahch, UoZ 22,31-40

ILQPron,1. R. (1950).
P&emprrotJw 7L Tend. LarL.
A%eUc, arL 7auAnc.L aA Ob4tet&tc. 4 and 2 Mcotoq. uL, 60.343-352

NOR
T01, ý.r1. and IWDJTOf, £
R-(. aad /UlflT,
H. andRD2.1San,
and SU=UAf, ý"ý. (1953).
R Ct, ir,, tccrL Study o.- P w- ert4t4 a-L Te i Lan.
haen i.c cur ao uAnc-L oý 0b4 e.,t Area canalc,, co.Coau, 65.1182
,

n.WJLOI Ofl, :. (1979).

Que4.t oa alt Sex. (Tamarac).

227
 L,
OSOTS7: H.;.and TOPER, S. (1967).
P4cychOLa LCcULCan oý the. Devacpm¢n taM, L nc the.a
ztateo .
La a Stte44 S-Uuat oa.
.
P4l,Lcho4orna t Lc 117ectLc
in e, 29.15

PRJcC, X. E.. (1971).

E4e. c t a-A G m2 Cont acep Uveö an- R ect ue T ctvz ono
R44 a cLa ted wUh the Czertiau. a.L Cýtc e..
P lccha4am.a,Uc fi'zd c ne., 33.515-537

PRJ9E, X. E. (1973).
1Jarierz £e..
a to Sic
uhe G'1en4.
t uaL BCccee
, .
P4vchaLaau, Todar>r,, 41-46
_Z .

PR9 X. E. (1975).
,
The Cwt4e an, !Joan
P4 cho.Cact 7odar., 37-39

PRR F-, M.B. (1973).

The Pn ý t wzi LS yui4 ar,Le.
ýmzrr.
P4ý cha. Loatrxt Bta Lý, 80.454-464

PRA, M.B. (1974).

S e,re.a cptc Se. alrowt Ren.
ot u.
at. Lon: R l' ethodoJoq. L
Lca..
. , yp
I2a.te an the 1170041if 4 uc-L Dt4tAC44 Qu.e4 Uanlua the und Same
liecx Data.
A41,Cha4 o, ac (rle4 cwtn e, ý: 229-240
,

PA, F, M. B. (1975).
f n.4t. w2-Lan. and 17ottvvtCA tPd ttaPa t. Lan to a P. V4ha2aq
£xpeat nen t.
Pape. M. RjnZu can Ucn.
P9 chad, aq t ca. C ,rtoaaC-LcL.
p e4en ted at
InnuaL Con.ven ti. on. Ch Lcago.

PRA, M. ß. (1976).
Dtwv. a.C, rVeeU4 and. 1,7anhh4 (/load Cy.cLe4 .tn. bJomm and (kn..

; R. (Q t) ßeVan,
P.7E-Pson, d..he r. Lc ,Le:
P Uj, Lc Phenonw a ta ff wnan. £xpe i en ce.
-U .
S ynp o4. ücm p e.. en ted the 1I1eet- J. o4 the. Rm. 7.Lcam
at ual
Laq2Lca-L RL2 ocLat,. ari..
P4V-CAO. Ch titacta.

228
P{1RLEL, 1'1.13. (1979).
?4t cho. Cogi ca-L 1t4pec t4 of- /. en t-v.ta t2an ZtcjJWh. and
,C
II7enapa"e. in SILE.
J/7A/2, ;. A. DCT7I R, 7 (£d4) P. VtAc-Loc oA
.
Glasen: Thar- e OZw-ct-Lorv4 al /Pe4ec. h, f. L. (P4VrAo. CogLca.L
Nn, vuton4).

PRP.
I£C, B.
111. (197911)
Jn. tad i an ?Jvj th n4 üa sc"2aod o and Rc ttva tLon.. Ceue 4 do ftdu. Lt
1! .
flZuwtAuat (rlatuL4c ttrA 7'4epa-=ti. on) .
an.. -ta

ARP, f!. ß. (1979c).

P4g4hoLog 04 kramen.: Review F44a Sgg[ZS.
Zacur Cuttate- SacLeb,, 5 (1) 121-133
a4 1Jonen Zs and

PRZUATO, DF-UJ, S. and UCRXOBRP.RO, R. (197-2)-

The PPr, zeno.ttc Pha e. and SULC-Ld2L tten,. t.
9ndLan, Zou&nc-L of- PPuch is 4p 14.375
,

PRTTJ ; oRgjZPSO12, g, and POST, B. (1974).

,p and
Rood R-Lentr 4 and Sy pa the Uc- RcLwtc. L (,
7e ut-t u Rc t 'U4
dcvr t.ru the en stir a) C.
Pac,cha4aruLtLc &d Lc i. m, 36 503-512

?Un0119701, U. (1957).
t ,- do P ura L Ten Zoa.
,nc
ocorncr,L c.ý __ gneV-can h'"7.-zx L A44ac.Laaon., 164,638

J. and £ORT.R7, A.
P.1EJSQ17,1J. (1963).
C%ac to SA..
pd.e Reac tiarc and Mover Frte.
r'.:e"tAuiif on, on. .nt7.
Bn i ti4h rte tc_v.L ow rui t, 1 796-797

Prang,THF-
F-, R
cDF-,
A4 quote t. TLUMAR,C.T. (1956)
fZan4 erzant Olt /i si othcuLL DL4a&de %4. (Sa. u de Ph i.1Mde tAVA) .
,

MtZ1, E. R. (1973).
Sex fLC 7Wne4 and Cxe.cwtWe IVjt UV,
Arvuz{.o a4 the Rear LLak Acaderuý o Sc i AC 4 Ua.L 28,237-245

PCý, PGUE, i. R. (1971).

CQW
CO. LOUR, W (Cd) ß; nLo r. t cR
T1e
nzt, u aL CVc.Lc : 4-IL -P*
(. Corulat Rcademac. ?"W-44).
RhuttJwl4 .in. tiw:,,an, Pe y.ýanrusnce 211-240

229
 -F-S, L. (1953).
747 cho4ocw, Uc Adpzc. ojý ? e.^1eno uaL Ten Loa SyLn44om-.
ýouanat oL aentaL Sc ums., 99; 62-73

R93cgp0, A. L. (1962).

4r uc.ton crud Cue..

t tti4h miecL-LcaLloc L, 1.640.

ß'.
ROD-112,1. C1976.
(ller4 uia UcrL, Rea, z,Ur toa and Coapztence.
; acurnaL a.. P an .U, ttc and SacZat P4k!
cha.Loa ;. 33,345-353.

boas, rL. c. arut HARD nc, S. S. (7978).

.
Restur spcc iue and DaLLo "8-I"tAua. L. D-L -4 "' rk' u4 4 -U .
.
ied faa4'
LJamm and rika u4.iluc /11w04' 9n4-ttunent4 and C7adf4°.

Pcc/ pe en ted a.t. #he Re-et inc aý- the Second /'u m at ý'.en.o-týiºta.C.
CV,C& Cone.. once, Si.. CaUt4.
.

JOSE, P. R. (1949).
lleýt t a.L ?ata and re44ona. C f{d j..u4t en t
; acyuw,C a4 J 4ona it LIa.L 17,287-302

ROSSJ,R and YOSSJ,P (1977).

Bode 7t= l7ToadPcvttern
ccnd Sac.Lc2 Time: Gr. Ren otwa. L Cr CLe.
-d .
Ptw4e and the Dcu1.o the Ueek.
Soc La,L Science Peiea&ch, 6,273-308

POSS90 R. (7980).
Rood Cjc l e4 A6c Viteno w2 Month and Soda. 1Jeek, .tn.
The fllen4tt a.L Cy.c.Le: UaL 1. A SyýJ4 aý 9n,,
te dI 4Cp. LLna
P.ýeuýicti. DRl1,, R. L. and ýP RR(t, £. R. andl3iiCFCCP, C. P.
(S periau7,
e4, Putt. Ca. ).
,

Rua&, D and BROOXS,; and c. RXC,R (1976).

Cua'W Rdte ie
ReisecvLChon RerwtA at AztatQd PotchoLo9tcaL o:
Pe pec t Lu Peented Con f e.w ce on &O40C4X&L 77aC
toga
. at .
Lue c,! a Sex Rote Re.L .ted Be av i oW 4.
9n,P,.
Smith Cotte4e, flogt anpton., 1'la44. (Oct 1976).

23o
 RUUB.
CE, D. (1977).
?, ew, -wt, uLa.L Sqapto z: R ReZ-zt"pt tatiar..
Science, 197,291-292

(1978).
Pýternený
#.ýwci(, 7¬, L: ASt udac crs irr the Mcias ' llerr.ýtýuca.
L

}ac'tncr,L at ?4Lcha40n4tic leeitch Ua.C 22.215-222

wss&LL, 9-T- (1972).

PaV.chotoq, Lc.a.L and Ru tJi i ttonat Tadao sn. Di4 t,u aacea oý
(r7en.
4-thuc-L Tun t-toa and Ouu2cztL, n.
Po4t crate Re-d, cv. LLo? 48,10-13

SCHACTER, S. and s. z R, 1. (1962).

CognAttue, Soc2 LL and Ph wtatoq i cat ý7eteJrrzincuu`. ý aý
£Jna-. i oncU State.

dttcha. Loo,!_ P.eu i, 69,379-399.

S&JRRD, 9. H. (1944).
PoV-ho. Coqi cc, L £./.4cto of- the lllen.a#-tuczL. GVcLz on. 1Jan ri oonkeA4.
Per otaa, Z L SutteA. in, 41: 90-102

S&JRP,
D, 9.14. (1946).
Sex and . Sac2c.
t, ate. (n.U. re -/u).
SI-UUT,CE, P and RAUE., P (1978).
1E1
The Ut4e 1Jaund: Qen4tv. w.t i.an, and Cve tu wamex:..

sýr_zzý S. and 82RST, ý

n an. [loan, F-. (1971).
The !r?
ea4t twat Cyc&: R aaahde-B 4Ad Stud 4 aý- Sýmptolut Rood
and Beh u
vZo c, RLo ch.erz L
tca.. Ua&icilrt" cratag £na v td and ?' aoe, Ga.
PS9CHOSO'"INT1C flkAir-tae, 33.411-428

S(79Tf{, S. L. (1976).
The t-uur. L Cvr-& Mood Dj, o WW.E4.
and
C tn-W,- OAJ4zt&- co and Cýc,
naeco l ocº 19.391-397
.L . ,

SOi7 R, B. (1972).
A-214t-wa, L C c,L Chcvzge, a ad 9n to te.c tua. L Pe4onsuut. ce.
. 4
P4ycKo4on atLc fl1&! c iae, 34.263-269

231
 SQ 7ER, B. (1973).
The C{.tect of- fikn4t&ucLuorc on. Cog aA Lve and Pe tcep tumt-
i c.tO4 &hautow R PP-v-iecv.
.:
P4YL omatLc 35.515-534

B. (1973).
SOrtmCý2,
Beh.autou4-at and fLgecUVe Ca te.Latea o.4 the fi guar, Q
. cLe.
Uapv.. zhed Doc to L U44euaUm. UrUvevi Ui -
o. Ca l i,ýann i a.
.

SPERO73', URRDZ GE,

1JJE. R. L. (1971).
.£ and
P.e4uta ion of- the Yuman l,7uw tluuz, C Cyc.Le.
Irn lou. vczL o4 O1r 108.234-247
-t. can. . &tc and ýý,trurzcoCoc,.,

C.L. (1954).
SU E2-fJJRiRS,
The. PoVchcphV s,Lo,Lar,.Lc SVnj torn a Pýeý»enýMaat 7ena. Lan,, with
F,npfuw, t4 an. the P4rtchýat t& RQpest.
Jn.#.eAna i.ana Pecocd aA fcedLc2ine.and Cene.&a.L P&ac.t t crLei
. .
C,Un, tr-4 Ua.L 166,475-486

SaP.PEli, ;., C. and SCOTT, C."1. and P{tS L PS, C. L. (1975).

The [iwj twLCx to and the Dec i4t on. to Seek P4Vchad og tca 1.
Sýu,. icec
.
Pear-erst, and I'zaton SWLi, 40.886

SLCTffr-p-r ia, ff and STEL7RRT,3 (1965).

A Cni t tC LL gnatlj4. i4 oý PhP-nVW`Acw.L Ten4. arn.SWL a'O'..
laust 1.1180-1193

Sc7IZDBB,;. (1980).
R £oajtt Ld ruiL S.
tu4 oL . the Da Ujý Se. -, ie/zah to and .the
Pe1Cý,
ýn sh ipe .ta the &ll4 v2a L CVc e.. ire. The e i. -t t ia,L
CVC&: Ua.C 1R Scn..the4. i4 of- 9raeAd 4C P4&WIT 4 Reoearch:
DR12, R. g. and gp,,gRRlll, £. A. and BCCCHCR,C. P. (Cd4.
(Sp ngeh Pu-b. Co., ).

TAYLOR, ;. GJ. (1979).

T. m,u*
lcy oA flZen t. uA Lor,: ReLoted SynptarnA cv 4m-oed &V. a
Da,t4 iW Scddz.
. ,.
Rc& Pay SCand i.I, CW ca 60 87

232
 ThJn, R.R.T. (1968).
P,ml, er14 iua SVvzzto, 1n IJornen who R,t terz,!2t Suicide.
L .
aawtna, L o.ý the J?as,.cLL R rn. PkV t a-L Ca/D4.114,1

TORZ, C.<<l.and PJ R.R. a 1OSF-, fil.;. (1968).

,
Rttenp ted Su.Lci,de aid the men4tuw.L CGc2e.
7.au,ui.aL o? Po4Lch04omatLc R"wAch. 11.319
-

TOTH, C. (1978).
The. [II ing Gloman, &L the Papa Lagt Orucgi na t oa.
tAiia
Pam p te4erýt ed at the Second Arun
ua-L ften4 ucct-L Cttý
c.Le
Con.:. ence.. St. Lou-i4 .

TLI L, R. (1975).
The 7:e,LýnwUß P.,
etween a a.the u'. i Rena uLS. t02u4 and
heh P.e4pwn, e to S.W Lit het Chi td.
-e44
P4trcho4omn i.c I p. 43.388-394

OCIDF-EP, P. (1975).
fýiený ucat i on, and 1:'enopax e: The, Phyý i.o tagt and Pdcuchod.
ogt
the i'kt,th anct the ReaU. 4L. (R. R. Xnop, 9n c. ).
,

IJCT2EC, R. and rzCI. URF-, j. (1972).

some. aad the . uzt cam.

Cortpt h,e-"i. ye. Poo
wh iat, U , 13.369-374

IJ&72E..
C, z and Y CH, 7. and i cC LLU 1. (1971)
,
?!urge of- the ren o-tu ra,C Cy c,Le and Se4-4e e aL. to a Sutci4e
Peeve l Uoa Seei Lce.

doh. ýouAaat at P"scccht.

atncc 119.52.3-524
.

Ij c 1Rtn, R. (7958).
Thy Fcc tos o-A the rap-twtua. L Ccc Le arg 7"t hoc trance.
Barit i4h. lcuAnn, L o., Nt hotocuc, 49 39-41

&JJLCaxan, t arLd SC F-z, S and ShCR37, C. (1976).

Da224. Se th-, wpoizJ Ac ttuZt Leii, LL4 Evertt o, OOOCl4

and
an
Swia Lc Ch ngz4 dwvth the Glervsttua L CStc e..
Pic; JW40na Zc Iie.d. c tne, 38,399-417

233
 Sf;ý Z0t, E. and pq..GEE.,'Z.ß. (7973).
%.
BP C7LQJtr, e4 Ad the. Ca
UZO "a 4 acl at ed ut t/L '1L4tAuzZ ih

ExpeJr i e.n ta. L 7rwe4 a tLan..

Y.ow na, L a,? Ra Ued Soc ca2. Pw choLoa y, 3. (4) 335-344
,

2O.
&2, P. (1979).
llen4-t aa,L Sypt o=to. Logy, sind i4Vch is üc J &V-444an.
lou-uin L o.- Pj4, chctnq Lost ReAeatch, Uo.C 23,241-245

i
23 1{.