J. S Afr. vet. med. Ass. XXXIll (i} 1962.

THE ADJUVANT EFFECT OF FREUND'S COMPLETE ADJUVANT,

BAYOL F AND ALUM ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO
EPSILON TOXOID

B. C. JANSEN, Section of Bacteriology Veterinary Research Institute,

Onderstepoort
In the course of investigating the improvement of the antigenicity
of Clostridium welchii type D epsilon toxoid, the following adjuvants
were used: Freund's complete adjuvant, Bayol F and alum. Sheep
without any history of having been injected with epsilon toxoid and
without any detectable epsilon antitoxin in their sera were selected for
the experiment. They were divided at random into three groups of eight.
The materials for injection were prepared so that each dose of 2.5 ml.
contained 100 Lf trypsin activated epsilon formoltoxoid and further in
the case of: '
(a) Alum: the mixture contained 2.0 per cent alum and the pH
was adjusted to 5.5;
(b) Bayol F: two ml. Bayol F was added to 0.5 ml. toxoid and shaken
to emulsify immediately before use;
(c) Freund's adjuvant: two ml. adjuvant was added to 0.5 ml.
toxoid and shaken to emulsify.
Each slieep received two subcutaneous injections at an interval of
three weeks, a different group being used for each adjuvant. They were
Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011.)

bled three times at weekly intervals commencing one week after the
second injection, and the antitoxin values of their sera determined indi-
vidually. These were expressed in Wellcome units and are recorded in
Table 1.

TABLE I
The Antitoxin Values (Units/ML) of Sera of Sheep Injected with Epsilon
Toxoid Plus Different Adjuvants

ALUM BAYOL F FREUND'S ADJUVANT

Sheep No. Bleeding Bleeding Bleeding

- -- - - -- -- -- ---------
I 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
r----- - -- -- -- -- - -- - - - - -
I 30.0 30.0 15.0 1.5 3.0 6.0 150.0 750.0 1500.9
2 15.0 15.0 10.0 3.0 5.0 30.0 30.0 150.0 500.0
3 30.0 30.0 15.0 3.8 15.0 10.0 375.0 1500.0 1500.0
4 15.0 15.0 7.5 01.0 10.0 6.0 50.0 150.0 500.0
5 10.0 5.0 3.8 2.0 4.3 30.0 1500.0 3750.0 3750.0
6 7.5 6.0 5.0 15.0 37.5 30.0 750.0 1500.0 1500.0
7 7.5 5.0 3.0 15.0 30.0 15.0 500.0 1500.0 1500.0
8 10.0 10.0 4.3 3.0 7.5 6.0 375.0 3750.0 3750.0
------f--------
Geometric
Mean Value 13.55
-11.49. 6.716
- 4.68 ~I~
- - , - -254.90
. - 972.00
- - 1433.00
--
Vet. J. 9 565
 From Table I the superiority of Freund's adjuvant is obvious with
respect to both the height of the response and its duration. The response
in the Bayol F group is lower than in the alum group at the first bleeding,
but at the third bleeding the position is reversed.
The advantages to be gained from adjuvants other than alum are
being investigated further.

Footnote:
While this communication was prepared for publication, the fol-
owing article reporting essentially the same results appeared in print:
Sterne, M.; Batty, Irene; Thomson, A.; and Robertson, J. M.
Immunisation of sheep with Multi-component Clostridial Vaccines.
Vet. Rec. 74: 909-913.
Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011.)

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