ENGLISH ASSIGNMENT

Class : 1K1

Members of 3rd Group :

1. Dhani Ayu Ratri Novianti (20420009)

2. Hifni Muhamad Ikhsan (20420011)

3. Nabila Haura Iftisamah (20420016)

4. Arfan Maulana Akbar (20420025)

5. Asyifa Nuril Yani (20420026)

1. Give a short explanation for x-ray diffraction, TEM and SEM

 X-ray diffraction is the most powerful and available method of determining the
arrangement of atoms in matter.
 A TEM (transmittance electron microscopy) is a microscope that produces
images using an electron beam that passes through the specimen, allowing the
examination of the specimen's internal features.
 SEM (scanning electron microscopy) is a microscope that produces an image
using an electron beam that scans the surface of the specimen as the image is
generated by reflecting the electron beam, thus allowing the examination of the
specimen surface.
2. Fill the gaps in the sentences with the verbs in their correct tense (present perfect or
simple past).

Materials have always played (always play) a major role in the development of
societies.

Civilizations were designated (designate) by the level of their materials

development.

The earliest humans had (have) access to only a very limited number of materials.

The microstructure of a metal was (be) first revealed in 1864 by the

Englishman Henry Sorby who developed (develop) a technique for etching the
surface layer of a polished metal.

Modern techniques such as x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy

(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have made (make) it possible to
 better understand their characteristics.

By now, more than 50,000 materials have been developed(develop).

Materials scientists have long envied (long envy) the resilience of certain naturally
occurring materials.

Past efforts to reproduce the architecture of, e.g. a shell were not successful (not be
successful).

To copy the microstructure of the shell, the researchers mixed (mix)

water with finely ground ceramic powder and polymer binders.

3. Write short answers to the questions:

a. What are necessary steps when considering a material for a certain application?

1. Has material criteria such as the maximum or ideal property combination as well
as limited ductility

2. Consider property damage during service operation such as mechanical strength

due to exposure to temperature or corrosive environment

3. Economic factors, namely how to make materials and property ideal at a much
cheaper price

b. Which trade-offs are unavoidable when choosing a particular material?

1. Trade off one characteristic for another.

2. If a compromise concerning desired in-service properties cannot be reached, new

materials have to be developed.

3. A material may be found that has the ideal set of properties but is extremely
expensive.

4. Some Phrases for Academic Presentations

• Introduction (after greeting the audience and introducing yourself or being
introduced)

The subject/topic of my presentation today will be the techniques for etching the
surface layer of a polished metal.
S+will+be+O(noun)

Today I would like to present recent result of our research on this week.
Adv. of time + S + would like+ to+V1+O (noun)+Adv. of time
What I want to focus on today is modern technique for etching the surface layer of
a polished metal.
S+tobe(is)+O(noun)

• Outlining the structure of the presentation

I will address the following three aspects ofmodern techniques for etching the
surface layer of a polished metal.
S+will+V1+O (noun)

My presentation will be organized as can be seen from the following slide.

S+will+be+V3+(conjunction) as+modal can+be+V3+(preposition) from+O (noun)

I will start with a study of x-ray diffraction. Next, important discoveries in the field
of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) will be introduced.
S+will+V1+(preposition) with+O(noun). (Sequence Adverb) Next+S+will+be+V3.

Finally, recent findings of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) will be discussed.

(Sequence Adverb) Finally+S+will+be+V3.

• Introducing a new point or section

Having discussed about x-ray diffraction, I will now turn to the next section. Let’s
now address another aspect.
Ving + V3+ (preposition) about+ O (noun), S+will+Adverb of
time+V1+to+O(noun). V1+S+Adv of time+V1+O(noun)

• Referring to visual aids

As can be seen from the next slide/diagram/table about modern techniques for
etching the surface layer of polished metal
(Conjunction) as+can+be+V3+(preposition) from+O(noun)

This graph shows the dependency of TEM versus SEM

S+V1s/es+O (noun)

The following table gives typical values of the kind of modern techniques for
etching the surface layer of polished metal
S+V1s/es+O (noun)

In this graph we have plotted the data of xray diffraction, TEM and SEM.
Adv. of place+S+have + V3+O(noun)
 • Concluding/summarizing
Wrapping up modern technique for etching the surface layer of polished metal, we
know that it is divided into three aspect which are xray diffraction, SEM, and TEM.
Verb-ing + up + O(noun), S+V1+(conjunction) that+S+tobe is + V3+(preposition)
into+O(noun)

To summarize/sum up/conclude, we understand about modern techniques such as

xray diffraction, SEM, and TEM.
To +V1+S+V1+(preposition) about+O(noun)

• Inviting questions
Please don’t hesitate to interrupt my talk when questions occur.
(Adverb)Please+V1+not+Adjective+to+V1+O(noun)+(question word)when+S+V1

I’d like to thank you for your attention.

S+would like to+V1+O+(preposition) for+O (noun)

I’ll be happy/pleased to answer questions now.

S+will+be+adjective/V3+to+V1+O(noun)+Adv. of time

• Dealing with questions

I can not answer this question right now, but I’ll check and get back to you.
S + can + not + V1 + O(noun) +Adv. of time, (conjunction) but + S + will + V1 +
(conjunction) and+V1+(adverb) back+to+O

Perhaps this question can be answered by again referring to/looking at table of

modern techniques for etching the surface layer of polished metal
(Adv. of probability) Perhaps+S+can+be+V3+by+O