MCA - Zambia Social and Gender Integration Plan

MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE ACCOUNT ZAMBIA
SOCIAL AND GENDER ASSESSMENT SECTOR
SOCIAL & GENDER INTEGRATION PLAN

(SGIP)
2014 – 2018
February, 2014
Version 1.0
Social & Gender Integration Plan: MCA Zambia 2014 - 2018
Document Details
Document Title SOCIAL AND GENDER INTEGRATION PLAN
VERSION 1.0
Document Description The SGIP serves as an activity guide, monitoring tool and central
location for consolidating and synthesizing all social and gender
analyses, background research, due diligence, Compact design,
implementation and reporting. It also serves as a monitoring tool for
Social and Gender Assessment (SGA) in the Compact.
Document Owner Director, Social and Gender Assessment (MCA Zambia)
Document Approval
Document Approver MCC and MCA-Zambia Board

Review Date November, 2014
Approval Date 26th February, 2014
Live Date 26th February, 2014
Document Revision History
Version Date Created/Updated Approved By Change Detail

By
1.0 26th February, Director, Social and MCA-Zambia Approval
2014 Gender Assessment Board
(MCA Zambia)
Social & Gender Assessment Sector (SGA). Page i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACRONYMS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------vii
1.0 INTRODUCTION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1 SOCIAL AND GENDER INTEGRATION PLAN (SGIP) -------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 COMPLIANCE WITH THE SOCIAL AND GENDER INTEGRATION PLAN ----------------------------------- 1
1.3 METHODOLOGY AND PROCESS FOR DEVELOPING THE SGIP -------------------------------------------- 2
2.0 COMPACT OVERVIEW ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

2.1 COMPACT DEVELOPMENT & COMPONENTS ---------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.2 INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY --------------------------------------------------------------- 4
2.3 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING ACTIVITY---------------------------------------------------------------- 6
2.4 FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING ACTIVITY ------------ 7
2.5 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF LWSC AND LCC ----------------------- 9
3.0 BACKGROUND --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
3.1 COUNTRY DEMOGRAPHICS AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS --------------------------------------11
3.2 WATER AND SANITATION SITUATION IN THE CITY OF LUSAKA ---------------------------------------12
3.3 SOCIAL AND GENDER INTEGRATION IN WATER AND SANITATION SECTOR IN ZAMBIA ----------14
4.0 POLICY/LEGAL REVIEW ------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
5.0 INSTITUTIONAL AND PRAGMATIC REVIEW --------------------------------------- 24
5.1 THE MINISTRY OF MINES, ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT -------------------------------------24
5.2 THE MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND HOUSING -----------------------------------------------24
5.3 LUSAKA CITY COUNCIL ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
5.4 LUSAKA WATER AND SEWERAGE COMPANY --------------------------------------------------------------25
5.5 NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION COUNCIL (NWASCO)--------------------------------25
5.6 THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
5.7 THE MINISTRY OF GENDER AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT ------------------------------------------------26
5.8 THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
5.9 MINISTRY OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, MOTHER AND CHILD HEALTH ------------------------26
5.10 ZAMBIA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AGENCY (ZEMA) -----------------------------------------26
5.11 NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) --------------------------------------------------------26
5.12 COMMUNITY BASED ORGANIZATIONS (CBOS) -----------------------------------------------------------27
5.13 COOPERATING PARTNERS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27
6.0 SOCIAL AND GENDER DUE DILIGENCE AND SITUATION ANALYSIS ---- 31
6.1 SOCIAL AND GENDER DUE DILIGENCE DURING COMPACT DEVELOPMENT -------------------------31
6.2 OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOCIAL AND GENDER INTEGRATION ----------------------------------------------31
6.3 MISCONCEPTIONS AND MITIGATION FOR SOCIAL AND GENDER INTEGRATION --------------------32
6.4 DEMOGRAPHICS, WATER AND SANITATION CONSIDERATIONS ----------------------------------------33
Social & Gender Assessment Sector (SGA). Page ii

6.5 SOCIAL AND GENDER INTEGRATION IN PROJECT DESIGN AND INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES -------34
6.6 SOCIAL INCLUSION AND GENDER MAINSTREAMING -----------------------------------------------------35
6.7 INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION (IEC) ---------------------------------------------35
6.8 COORDINATION: LOCAL AUTHORITIES, WATER UTILITIES AND BENEFICIARY COMMUNITIES -37
6.9 OTHER SOCIAL AND GENDER ISSUES------------------------------------------------------------------------38
7.0 SOCIAL & GENDER INTEGRATION ACTION PLAN ------------------------------ 41

8.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ------------------------------------------------------ 61
8.1 SOCIAL AND GENDER ASSESSMENT INDICATORS ---------------------------------------------------------61
8.2 SOCIAL AND GENDER ASSESSMENT PROJECT LOGIC ----------------------------------------------------62
9.0 SGIP COMMUNICATION -------------------------------------------------------------------- 68
10.0 SGA BUDGET ITEMS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68
11.0 MCA CAPACITY ASSESSMENT ----------------------------------------------------------- 69
12.0 SGIP REVIEW AND UPDATE PROCESS ------------------------------------------------ 70
REFERENCES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71
PERSONS CONSULTED --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73
DOCUMENT PREPARATION AND SUPPORT --------------------------------------------------- 77
Social & Gender Assessment Sector (SGA). Page iii

ACRONYMS
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
CBD Central Business District
CBE Community Based Enterprise(s)
CBOs Community Based Organizations
CEEC Citizens Economic Empowerment Commission
CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against

Women
CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation
CP Condition Precedent
CO Communication & Outreach
COS Communication & Outreach Strategy
CSO Central Statistics Office
CSPR Civil Society for Poverty Reduction
DMAs District Metered Areas
EIF Entry Into Force
ESIAs Environment & Social Impact Assessment
ESMP Environment & Social Management Plan
ESMS Environment & Social Management System
ESP Environment and Social Performance
FNDP Fifth National Development Plan
GBV Gender Based Violence
GIDD Gender in Development Department
GIZ German Society for International Cooperation
GRZ Government of the Republic of Zambia
HIV/AIDS Human Immune Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Social & Gender Assessment Sector (SGA). Page iv

HSMP Health and Safety Management Plan
ID Infrastructure Development
IEC Information, Education and Communication
IEs Implementing Entities (IEs)
IFC International Finance Corporation
IG Innovation Grant
IGM Innovation Grant Manual
IGPM Innovation Grant Program Manager
IS Institutional Strengthening
ISNA Institutional Strengthening Needs Assessment
IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
LCC Lusaka City Council
LWSC Lusaka Water and Sewerage Company
LWSSDP Lusaka Water Supply, Sanitation and Drainage Project
MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation
MCDMCH Ministry of Community Development, Mother and Child Development
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MGCD Ministry of Gender and Child Development
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MCA Millennium Challenge Account
MRR Maternal Mortality Ratios
NGOs Non Governmental Organization
NGOCC Non Governmental Organizations Coordinating Council
NRW Non Revenue Water
Social & Gender Assessment Sector (SGA). Page v

NWASCO National Water Supply and Sanitation Council
PSEP Private Sector Engagement Plan
RAP Resettlement (and Livelihood Restoration) Action Plan
SADC Southern African Development Community
SCAP Sanitation Connection Action Plan
SGA Social & Gender Assessment
SGIP Social & Gender Integration Plan
SOMS Sustainable Operations & Maintenance Strategy
SPLASH School Producing Learning Advancement through Sanitation and Health
STI Sexually Transmitted Infections
TA Technical Assistance
TB Tuberculosis
TFR Total Fertility Rate
TORs Terms of Reference
USAID United States Agency for International Development
WASAZA Water and Sanitation Association of Zambia
WILSA Women in Law in Southern Africa
WASHE Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education
WDC Ward Development Committee
WfC Women for Change
WSUP Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor
ZARD Zambia Association of Research and Development
ZEMA Zambia Environmental Management Agency
ZESCO Zambia Electricity Supply Company
Social & Gender Assessment Sector (SGA). Page vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) acknowledges with gratitude the grant of
US$354,757,640 from the Government of the United States of America through Millennium
Challenge Corporation (MCC) to implement the Lusaka Water Supply, Sanitation and Drainage
(LWSSD) Project through the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) Zambia.
To develop the Social and Gender Integration Plan (SGIP), Millennium Challenge Account’s
Social and Gender Assessment (SGA) sector consulted widely from all sectors within MCA
Zambia, the Implementing Entities – IEs (Lusaka City Council – LCC and Lusaka Water and
Sewerage Company – LWSC), government as well as other stakeholders in the water and
sanitation sector. Therefore, MCA Zambia and the Implementing Entities appreciate the input
from all stakeholders namely GRZ, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), targeted
beneficiaries and Cooperating Partners (CPs) in the development of this SGIP.
Implementation of the SGIP forms ways in which benefits are maximized and risks for project
investments are minimized. Therefore, continued coordination with all stakeholders during the
implementation of the SGIP is pertinent and will be applied throughout the Compact
implementation period.
Social & Gender Assessment Sector (SGA). Page vii

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Social and Gender Integration Plan (SGIP)
The Social and Gender Integration Plan (SGIP) is an operational document designed to
systemize and ensure gender integration across Compact projects and activities. The SGIP
ensures that sustainable social and gender analysis, integration and capacity building for MCA
Zambia and Implementing Entities (IEs) take place during implementation, monitoring,
evaluation and closure of the Compact. This is meant to take into consideration social and gender
opportunities, constraints and risks within the project in order to increase intended outcomes. It is
one of MCC’s Gender Milestones in the MCC Guidelines and Operational Procedures.
The objective of the SGIP is to serve as an activity guide, monitoring tool and central location
for consolidation and synthesis of all social and gender analyses, background research, due
diligence, activity design, project planning and implementation. It also serves as an activity guide
and monitoring tool for social and gender integration in the Compact. The SGIP helps to ensure a
systematic social and gender integration process that complies with applicable national and
international gender strategies and policies as well as with MCC’s Gender Policy and Gender
Integration Guidelines. The objectives of MCC’s policy and guidelines are to ensure that social
inequalities do not limit opportunities, but rather, that economic opportunities for women and
men of different age and social groups, including children, are maximized in MCC investments;
and that risks of negative consequences are mitigated. Furthermore social and gender integration
is an essential component of project success and sustainability, ensuring that projects are
designed and implemented in ways that respond to and address local conditions, practices, and
priorities, reflecting the social, cultural and economic realities of the population served.
1.2 Compliance with the Social and Gender Integration Plan
The SGIP is a Condition Precedent (CP) for the Second Disbursement in the Entry into Force
(EIF) Compact period. The SGIP is referenced in all Compact documents where specific
measures and actions to be undertaken during the compact life, including those referred in
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIAs),
Environment and Social Management Plans (ESMPS), infrastructure designs, bidding
documents, Contract Packages and other Compact documents are clearly specified to ensure
compliance with social and gender integration requirements in the Compact. It is shared with
Contractors, sub-contractors and Consultants who are responsible for implementing particular
activities. Contractors, sub-contractors, IEs and Consultants are expected to comply with its
requirements. Specific actions are outlined in the Action Plan (Section 7.0), the vital part of the
SGIP which stipulates activities, outputs, responsibilities and timeframe for implementation of
the plan.
Through its Social and Gender Assessment (SGA) sector, MCA Zambia shall jointly implement
the SGIP with IEs, FIDIC Engineer/Program Management Supervisor, Consultants, contractors
and beneficiaries in collaboration with MCC and other stakeholders such as GRZ, Cooperating
Partners and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs).
Social & Gender Assessment Sector (SGA). Page 1

1.3 Methodology and Process for Developing the SGIP
The methodology used to develop the SGIP was consultative, participatory and interactive
through community focus group discussions, brainstorming workshops, discussions with IEs and
within MCA Zambia, interviews, site visits, assessments and desk studies on relevant national
and international available data ensuring that the SGIP development process is compliant with
the provisions of the national and MCC Gender Policy and other relevant national and
international policies. The SGIP shall be reviewed and updated annually.
Pictures 1& 2: Left; Public Consultation meeting in Mtendere, Lusaka; Right: picture taken during a site visit to
Mazyopa community along the drain (Ngwerere downstream).

2.0 COMPACT OVERVIEW
2.1 Compact Development & Components
The Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) has identified access to clean and safe water
supply, adequate sanitation and drainage services in the capital city of Lusaka as key priorities
and has worked with the Government of the United States of America, through the Millennium
Challenge Corporation (MCC) to develop priority projects.
An Analysis of Constraints to Inclusive Growth in Zambia (2010) highlighted three main

constraints; namely poor infrastructure services, low quality of human capital and coordination
failures (Bwalya, Chiwele, Siyunyi, Cheelo, Harris & White, 2010). Of the three constraints,
poor infrastructure services in the water supply, sanitation, drainage and solid waste management
sector were singled out for MCC investment and consideration as the Lusaka Water Supply,
Sanitation and Drainage (LWSSD) Project.
The Millennium Challenge Account – Zambia (MCA-Zambia), was therefore established as a

company limited by guarantee under Chapter 388 of the Laws of Zambia and has been
designated by the Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) as the Accountable Entity for
the implementation of the LWSSD Project. The project is funded by MCC to the tune of
US$354,757,640 under an executed Compact Agreement signed by both governments in May
2012. A Millennium Challenge Compact Bill (2013) has been enacted by Parliament to give
effect to the Millennium Challenge Compact and Implementation Agreement. The purpose of the
Compact is to expand access to, and improve the reliability of water supply and sanitation and
improve drainage services in select urban and peri-urban areas of the city of Lusaka. (GRZ.
2013a).
The Project is expected to benefit 1.2 million Lusaka residents of which approximately 73% are
expected to be poor, defined as living on less than US$2.00 per day on a purchasing power parity
basis. The main channels through which these beneficiaries are expected to benefit from the
LWSSD Project are through time savings, reduction in incidences of water-borne diseases,
employment creation, improved health outcomes and reduction in non revenue water.
The Project is composed of two activities namely Infrastructure Development and Institutional
Strengthening. The Infrastructure Development activity consists of three sub-projects namely;
Water Supply, Sanitation and Drainage while the Institutional Strengthening activity includes
social and gender integration, asset management, innovation grant process, environmental
management and Information, Education and Communication for improved hygiene practices
aimed at supporting project investments and increasing uptake of services and benefits especially
for the poor and vulnerable groups. Further details on the Infrastructure Development and
Institutional Strengthening activities are provided in sections 2.2, 2.3 and 8.0.
The Project is implemented through Lusaka Water and Sewerage Company (LWSC) and Lusaka
City Council (LCC) – the Implementing Entities (IEs), where the former is responsible for Water
Supply and Sanitation and the latter is responsible for the Drainage sub-projects. LWSC is a
water utility responsible for management of Lusaka province’s water and sanitation services

while LCC is the government entity that manages city planning and maintenance which includes
drainage infrastructure and solid waste management services.
Project preparation included assessment of water supply, sanitation and drainage assets and
projections of population growth. Concepts of development solutions were finalized followed by
master plans and feasibility studies. Development of detailed infrastructure designs,
Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIAs), Environment and Social Management
Plans (ESMPs) and the Resettlement Action Plan (RAPs) have reached advanced stages. These
are followed by tender documents leading to the start of actual construction for the proposed
activities, expected to begin in the last quarter of 2014. Social and gender integration
components are incorporated in all these processes.
The Innovation Grant activity is intended to increase and sustain the poor’s access to quality
water and sanitation, enhance access by all beneficiaries (women, men, children and other
vulnerable groups) to project benefits, and expand opportunities for entrepreneurship and income
generating activities related to water, sanitation, and drainage.
Specific to the Social and Gender Assessment sector, Institutional Strengthening Needs
Assessment has been conducted to inform the social and gender institutional strengthening as
well as Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Technical Assistance that will be
implemented to support LWSC and LCC. To address issues related to water and sanitation
services and practices, the IEC activity will also work with and learn from a wider group of
stakeholders such as community health committees, NGOs involved in WASH related projects,
schools and government departments, just to mention a few.
2.2 Infrastructure Development Activity
2.2.1 Water Supply
The Water Supply sub-project comprises five main activities.
a) Lusaka Primary Water (LP1): The sub-project includes investment in water

infrastructure development and rehabilitation. These interventions are intended to
rehabilitate the core water supply infrastructure that serves the city of Lusaka.
Specific activities are: rehabilitation of Iolanda treatment plant and pumps,
rehabilitation of Chilanga booster pump station, rehabilitation of transmission main
(air valves, washouts, surge vessels) and rehabilitation of distribution centers
(reservoirs, pump stations and valves). The water stations to be worked on are;
Chawama, 7C, Chelston, High Court, Lumumba, Waterworks, Stuart Park,
Woodlands and Mass Media.
b) Lusaka Secondary Water – Non Revenue Water Reduction (LS1): The sub-project
comprises replacement of unsuitable and inefficient distribution network and
connection pipes, supply and installation of bulk and consumer water meters, leak
repair materials, tools and equipment including training for LWSC Staff.
c) Lusaka Primary Water (LP6): The sub-project targets strengthening of the primary
(backbone) distribution system by constructing new pipelines to enable the utility to

transmit water more efficiently around the city. The new pipelines will run from
Lusaka Waterworks to Lumumba Reservoirs, then Stuart Park Reservoirs to Great
East Road. This includes roadside line and works connecting Lumumba Water Works
and Lumumba reservoirs.
d) Distribution network in Central Branch (LS2): LS2 will extend secondary and
tertiary networks into District Metered Areas (DMAs), supply and install consumer
connections and water meters, replace unsuitable and inefficient distribution network
pipes and construct kiosks in SOS East Village, Chipata and Ng’ombe compounds
covering 52 Kilometres of network.
e) Distribution Network in Chelston Branch (LS3): LS3 will extend secondary and
tertiary networks into DMA, supply and install consumer connections and water
meters, replace unsuitable and inefficient distribution network pipes, construct kiosks
and drill and equip boreholes in Kwamwena, Ndeke/Vorna Valley, Kamanga and
Mtendere.
2.2.2 Sanitation
The Sanitation sub-project comprises three main activities; the Chelston Pump Station, Mtendere
Sanitation Connection and the Kaunda Square Ponds.
The Chelston pump station and force main project (CSU 15), will rehabilitate and improve the
pump house, replace pumps and control panel/switch gear, construct new wet well and replace
the rising main. This is intended to reduce sewage flooding at the pump station as well as to
enlarge the pipe to enable it to carry increased sewer load.
Mtendere peri-urban area will receive a sewer network e under CSE-44. It includes close to
80km of collection sewers in the settlement and interceptors to connect to the Kaunda Square
Interceptor and to the Kaunda Square sewage ponds. There is also another sub project (CSU4) to
rehabilitate the downstream portion of Kaunda Square interceptor. Further, the Kaunda Square
ponds (sub-projects TU-5 and TE-3) will be upgraded and expanded to handle more sewage
especially as the load will be increased through the new Mtendere sewer connection. The
provision of these services is intended to reduce ground water contamination and prevalence of
water related diseases in Mtendere and other townships in the city that receive groundwater from
the local aquifer
2.2.3 Drainage
The drainage system component consists of the Bombay, Lumumba and Zambia Electricity
Supply Company (ZESCO) drains, running an approximate distance of 38 km. While some parts
of these drains are engineered and lined, other parts are natural water courses, forming part of
Ngwerere stream where the city drainage system drains.
The overall aim of this sub-project is to reduce the adverse effects of flooding in the city of
Lusaka’s business district resulting into water related disease reduction.

2.3 Institutional Strengthening Activity
Apart from the physical infrastructure, LWSSD Project will provide Institutional Strengthening
Technical Assistance (TA) to LWSC and LCC to improve water and sanitation service provision,
access, affordability and sustainability. Institutional Strengthening activity includes social
inclusion and gender mainstreaming; IEC, Asset management, environmental management,
drainage maintenance and innovation grant activities. Details of TA activities for
institutionalizing Social Inclusion and Gender Mainstreaming as well as the broader IEC
component are as specified in the Action Plan in section 7 and specific Institutional
Strengthening activities are defined in sections 2.3.1 to 2.3.3.
2.3.1 Support to LWSC
Support to LWSC includes management planning and execution to carry out effective
environmental management and monitoring, institutionalize and improve gender integration and
social inclusion as well as to conduct effective outreach to ensure pro-poor water and sanitation
service delivery. Specific actions are: equipment to improve maintenance capacity, development
of policies, planning and budgeting to ensure gender integration and social inclusion,
implementation of IEC to encourage behavior change related to water and sanitation use and
practices, information management and compliance, creation of asset register, improvement in
the company’s electronic data and management systems and the provision of comprehensive
training to improve maintenance budgeting and forecasting as well as to determine the most
effective modality for carrying out LWSC’s maintenance responsibilities.
2.3.2 Support to LCC
The activity is focused on strengthening the equipment and technical capacities of LCC to better
manage and maintain its drainage assets, to institutionalize and improve environmental
management and monitoring as well as social and gender integration. This is intended to better
understand and mitigate social and behavioral conditions that contribute to degradation of
physical assets, particularly the city’s drains and to ensure realization of expected project health
benefits and promote sustainability. Support to LCC includes implementation of IEC messaging
to encourage behavior change related to drainage maintenance and solid waste management.
2.3.3 Broader IEC Messaging, Innovation Grant and Institutionalization for LCC
Implementing Entities
Institutional Strengthening Activity includes the development and implementation of broader

IEC messaging on water supply, sanitation, hygiene and solid waste management to increase
project benefits through uptake of services and enhance sustainability of project investments.
Through broader IEC messaging, LWSC and LCC will receive support to strengthen their
capacity to develop and implement sustainable IEC strategies, a process intended to lead to
institutionalization of IEC messaging in their work.
Innovation Grant is aimed at supporting innovative ideas around water supply, sanitation and
solid waste related to project investments to increase benefit especially for the poor and sustain
project investments.

The SGA sector will support broader IEC messaging in collaboration with Innovation Grant,
Communication and Outreach, Environment and Social Performance and Infrastructure
Development sectors. The IEC TA will include a systematic and coordinated approach to IEC for
peri-urban Lusaka where messages that promote sustainable benefits such as health, hygiene and
security related to water and sanitation will be designed and implemented. This will include
messaging around solid waste management related to drainage infrastructure maintenance.
2.4 Framework for Implementation of Institutional Strengthening Activity
Working with IEs, the Institutional Strengthening activity shall be implemented through the
Social and Gender Assessment (SGA), Infrastructure Development (ID), the Environment and
Social Performance (ESP), Innovation Grant (IG) and the Communication and Outreach (CO)
sectors.
To guide Institutional Strengthening TA implementation, MCA Zambia has developed the Social
and Gender Integration Plan (SGIP), Communication and Outreach Strategy (COS), Private
Sector Engagement Plan (PSEP), Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs), Environment and Social
Impact Assessments (ESIAs) and the Environment and Social Management Plans (ESMPs).
MCA Zambia is also in the process of developing the Sustainable Operations and Maintenance
Strategy (SOMS) for asset management, the Innovation Grant Manual (IGM) and the
Environment and Social Management System (ESMS).
2.4.1 Social and Gender Integration Plan (SGIP)
Implementation of the social Inclusion and gender mainstreaming as well as IEC institutional
strengthening activity by the SGA sector will be guided by the SGIP. Section 1.0 provides more
details on the SGIP.
2.4.2 Sustainable Operations and Maintenance System (SOMS)
Implementation of the Asset Management Institutional Strengthening Activity will be guided by

the SOMS that will be developed and implemented through the ID sector. Asset management
activity is intended to increase LWSC’s capacity to plan and maintain Lusaka’s overall water
supply and sewerage system. The asset management TA is intended to improve LWSC’s
maintenance capacity and capability, including, without limitation: the creation of an asset
register and improvement of LWSC’s electronic data and management systems; and the
provision of comprehensive training to improve maintenance budgeting and forecasting, as well
as to determine the most effective modality for carrying out LWSC’s maintenance
responsibilities (MCA Zambia, 2011a).
The asset management TA will also support LCC to develop drainage maintenance frameworks
and a comprehensive Urban Drainage Investment Master Plan for the City of Lusaka. Currently,
LCC has a Priority Areas Investment Master Plan in place that was developed with MCC support
and this plan has identified selected activities to be undertaken in the short term phase of the
planning period 2011-2015.

2.4.3 Environment and Social Impact Assessments (ESIAs), Environment and Social
Management Plans (ESMPs), Environment and Social Management System (ESMS) and
Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs)
In parallel with the social and gender due diligence, environmental and social impact
assessments were conducted through a scoping process, initial impact assessment and final
impact assessments. The ESIAs identified the major environmental and social issues related to
the project activities, including both beneficial and adverse impacts. While the majority of the
anticipated environmental and social impacts are positive in nature, the ESIAs identified several
potential environmental and social challenges and impacts that will need to be managed. Given
that many of these impacts affect women and other vulnerable groups differently, these
potentially disproportionate impacts on women, men, children and other vulnerable groups are
discussed and analyzed in this SGIP. Specifically, these include, among others, involuntary
resettlement, community and worker health and safety during construction, health and safety
design considerations (e.g. crossing drains without footbridges), and the need to ensure equitable
access to the short term employment opportunities resulting from LWSSD project construction
activities. Measures to avoid adverse impacts, offset or reduce them to acceptable levels as well
as measures to enhance the beneficial impacts have been included in ESIAs, ESMPs, and RAPs.
Pictures 3 & 4: Challenges in crossing the drain; school girl (left) and a woman (right) crossing the drain
In collaboration with the SGA sector, ESP sector shall establish MCA Zambia’s environmental
and social goals, analyze environmental and social risks and impacts and relevant legal
requirements, set objectives and targets to reduce these impacts and comply with legal
requirements, establish programs to meet these objectives and targets, monitor and measure
progress, create awareness on project impacts and policies and review implementation of
ESMPs. To ensure this collaboration, the SGIP has therefore incorporated relevant ESP issues in
its Action Plan in section 7.
The ESP sector will also develop and implement an ESMS as a dynamic and adaptive system to
strengthen the Institutional capacity of MCA Zambia, LWSC and LCC in social, gender and

environmental management. The ESMS will provide management processes and procedures that
will allow MCA Zambia to identify, evaluate and manage the environmental and social risks and
impacts of its activities, products and services. Key elements of the ESMS are: MCA-Zambia
Environmental, Social and Community Engagement Policy; identification of risks, impacts and
opportunities and management programs i.e. ESMPs, HSMPs, RAPs, this SGIP and
organizational capacity and competency. Others are; emergency preparedness and response;
stakeholder engagement and monitoring and review.
Two Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) have been developed. The first is for water supply and
sanitation and the second for drainage. Most resettlement necessitated by LWSSD construction
does not require permanent relocation of households and businesses, but does involve the partial
removal of structures (e.g., latrines, walls, etc.) and short-term displacement of many informal
and formal businesses. The plan is being developed in close collaboration with the SGA sector
to ensure it recognizes that resettlement activities can disproportionately affect women and
socially vulnerable groups and that it is therefore fully responsive to these.
The SGA sector has participated in the development of the ESIAs, ESMP and RAPs and will
participate in their implementation, monitoring and reporting, highlighting critical social and
gender issues. Further, the sector will participate in the development and implementation of the
ESMS and site specific HSMPs and ESMPs to ensure social and gender issues are integrated.
Contractors, sub-contractors, Consultants and IEs are required to comply to these requirements.
2.4.4 Private Sector Engagement Plan (PSEP) & Innovation Grant Manual (IGM)
Through the development and implementation of the PSEP and the Innovation Grant Manual, the
Innovation Grant facility will spur innovation in the project areas to support and compliment the
LWSSD Project’s new investments and increase benefits from the investment. The Innovation
Grant has a strong pro-poor focus, and the SGA sector works hand in hand with the Innovation
Grant sector and the Innovations Grant Program Manager (IGPM) to ensure that women and
other vulnerable groups benefit from the grant making process through access to services such as
funding off-network sanitation for the poor households, employment creation and capacity
building and approaches to addressing tenant vulnerabilities.
2.4.5 Communication and Outreach Strategy (COS)
The Communications and Outreach (CO) sector has developed and is implementing the
Communication and Outreach Strategy (COS) to increase awareness of the investment of the
GRZ and the United States Government in the LWSSD Project. The COS is aimed at increasing
stakeholder participation in the implementation of the Project and creating awareness in the
targeted communities to meet project objectives. The SGA sector coordinates with the CO
sector to integrate social and gender analyses and communicate, educate and inform
communities for social change intended to protect and increase project investments and benefits.
2.5 Institutional Strengthening Needs Assessment of LWSC and LCC
Further, for both LCC and LWSC, institutional strengthening includes completion of institutional
strengthening needs assessment for social and gender integration as well as for IEC. The needs
assessment was conducted brought out recommendations which have been incorporated in the

SGIP’s Action Plan (section 7), specifically guiding the development of Terms of Reference
(TORs) for institutional strengthening TA aimed at strengthening the capacity of IEs to integrate
social and gender issues as well as implement broader IEC. The IEC component includes not
only LWSC and LCC specific institutional support but broader messaging to encourage behavior
change related to water supply and sanitation use, drainage maintenance and solid waste
management.

3.0 BACKGROUND
3.1 Country Demographics and Socioeconomic Conditions
According to the 2010 Central Statistics Office (CSO) Report (2012), Zambia’s population has
over the years increased from 3.5 million at independence in 1964 to just over 13 million of
which 49.3% are men and 50.7% are women. Of the total population, 60.5% live in rural areas
and 39.5% are urban residents. The percentage of urban residents increased from 34.7 % in 2000
to 39.5% in 2010, which shows that Zambia is one of the highly urbanized countries in Southern
Africa. A total number of 2,513,768 households in the country were recorded in the 2010
National Population census showing that 77.5% are male headed and 22.5% are female headed.
Due to rapid population growth, estimated at 2.8% annually, Zambia presents a high percentage
of young people where 45.4% of the population is below the age of 15 years.
Map 1: Map of Zambia
With 756,000 square kilometers, the country has six river basins with 100,000 Km3 per year
giving a 41,600 Km3 per year of groundwater recharge. Lusaka province, the smallest among the
10 provinces of Zambia, is drained by the Kafue River Basin (MCA - Zambia, 2011b)
Although Zambia has made tremendous progress in infrastructure services extension in some
sectors, the country’s service delivery in other sectors such as water and sanitation is still poor.
Since 2001, very little has been invested in the water and sanitation sector and access has
declined where it is skewed in favor of urban areas and people with relatively high incomes
(Bwalya et al., 2012).
Without increased budgetary resources in the water and sanitation sector and as highlighted by
the May 2013 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Report, Zambia is unlikely to meet the
MDGs that aim at reducing by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe
drinking water and promotion of gender equality and women empowerment goal.

3.2 Water and Sanitation Situation in the City of Lusaka
According to the 2010 CSO Census Population and Housing Summary Report, Lusaka Province
has a population of 2,191,225 (rural 336,318 and urban 1,854,907), representing approximately
20% of Zambia’s total population. Lusaka, the fast growing capital city and provincial
headquarters of Lusaka province is the smallest district in the province and yet carries a
population of 1,747,152 million. This population sits on a total area of 360 Km2 giving a
population density of 4853.2/Km2. The city’s total population shows an increase of 4.9% from
the year 2000 when it was 1,084,703. The population of the City of Lusaka has been increasing
and is projected to increase to 5 million by 2030. This has resulted in many unplanned
settlements and high levels of poverty.
2,000,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
-
1963 1969 1974 1980 1990 2000 2010
Source: CSO Reports (Various)
Overwhelmed by this, the city authorities have been unable to provide the services needed to
meet the basic requirements of the city’s current and future population. Currently, only
approximately 70% of Lusaka residents have access to treated water supply, and only
approximately 65% have access to water-borne sanitation (either through a connection to the
network or with septic tanks) where connection to the sanitation network accounts for only 15%
(MCA Zambia, 2011c). This shows that sanitation remains one of the most off-track Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) with many people still lacking access.
As indicated by the MCA Zambia Water Supply Investment Master Plan of 2011, the current
water production in the city stands at 256 Million litres per day against the total requirement of
340 million litres of water per day. There are in principle four main water supply levels namely;
 House connections – where a house has plumbing facilities supplying water to the
kitchen and bathrooms inside the house;
 Yard connections – provision of a tap outside the house to service one household that
does not have plumbing facilities inside the house and water vending from this source is
not allowed.

 Water kiosks and trusts - these receive treated water from utilities through a piped
distribution network and residents buy water at a lower tariff compared to that of direct
house and yard connections. Water Kiosks are operated by employees of utilities and or
by self-employed operators under contract with utilities while water trusts are governed
by Water Boards. They are operated by committee members within the community under
license and guidelines from LWSC.
 Stand pipes – this is a community water tap where community members draw water at a
fee.
LWSC supplies water to Kafue, Lusaka, Luangwa and Chongwe towns and the sources of water
are surface and ground water. Surface water sources include Kafue River for Lusaka and Kafue,
Zambezi River for Luangwa and Chongwe River for Chongwe. Currently, LWSC obtains close
to 45% of its production volume from surface sources and the rest from groundwater sources that
comprise close to 110 boreholes. The Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Master Plan states
that LWSC reports 48% of Non-Revenue Water (NRW), amounting to a loss of 118 million litres
of water per day. Water loss is through leakage, bursting of old pipes, illegal water connections,
inadequate metering, and vandalism. Leakage is due to the age of the network much of which
dates back to 1954 and with later units from 1970.
In general, the sanitation situation in the city is inadequate to support the growing population.
The city has in total six sewer-sheds amounting to 600 km of sewers and 98 km of interceptors.
This covers only around 15% of the city leaving 85% with localised on site systems in form of
septic tanks and pit latrines. The centralised systems consist of two mechanised plants and five
natural systems which although designed to handle 80 million litres of sewer per day, receives up
to 138 million litres per day. (MCA Zambia, 2011c). There is an urgent need to recapitalize
water supply and sanitation infrastructure in the city and to scale up water provision in
unplanned settlements that will benefit residents of Lusaka. Since LWSC obtains most of the
water from ground sources through boreholes, provision of offsite sanitation by the Compact will
prevent ground water source contamination from onsite sanitation resulting in a significant
positive impact on the residents of Lusaka. Improved sanitation and water supply will have
higher positive impact on women and children since they bear the burden of collecting water and
ensuring a clean and healthy environment for the family.

Pictures 5 & 6: Left; 2-in-1pit-latrine and shower; Right; queuing for water at a water kiosk
The city of Lusaka sits on a flat plateau with mild slopes and is characterized by uncontrolled
settlement development. The city’s drainage system is inadequate to handle storm water.
Consequently, most areas of the city experience extensive flooding during the rainy season. The
Central Business District (CBD) and the peri-urban areas are the most impacted by flooding due
to inadequate and poorly maintained drainage infrastructure. During heavy rains, severe flooding
occurs, which results in disruption of access to social services, property damage, increased
vulnerability to disease outbreaks and loss of business and life. This situation leaves many
Lusaka residents without access to clean and safe water, living in crowded unsanitary and flood
prone conditions, thus exposing them to various diseases. As a result, Lusaka has the highest
incidence of cholera in the country, reducing the employability, productivity and quality of life
of its residents. In most cases, women and children as well as vulnerable groups such as the
elderly, the sick and disabled are the most impacted.
In addition, the drainage system is over-burdened with blockages due to poor solid waste
management. There is need to educate all Lusaka residents on clean environmental practices
including solid waste disposal and recycling. As a result, IEC campaigns and tools will be used
to create awareness on new infrastructure utilisation and maintenance.
Generally, the water supply and sanitation situation in Zambia, specifically in the City of Lusaka
is inadequate. The Compact will therefore contribute to the national 2030 Vision that has a target
to provide universal access to clean and safe drinking water, adequate sanitation and improved
drainage to improve health and reduce poverty in the country.
3.3 Social and Gender Integration in Water and Sanitation Sector in Zambia
The 2013 Southern African Development Community (SADC) Gender Protocol Barometer
shows that women in the SADC region and elsewhere have a vested interest in ensuring that
there are developments in sanitation. Their energies should therefore be harnessed to implement
national and community projects that improve sanitation and water services provision. For

example, provision of affordable sanitary wear and water facilities within household reach would
increase girls’ school attendance. However, although provision of adequate hygiene and
sanitation facilities are requirements in the protocol, improvement in this area in the SADC
region has been slow (Gender Links, 2012). Although LCC and LWSC acknowledge social
inclusion and gender mainstreaming, there are implementation gaps as identified during the
situation analysis process (refer to table 2 (a) “causes for poor social inclusion and gender
mainstreaming in strategic plans”). Zambia’s full Ministry of Gender and Child Development
(MGCD) was created in 2011 from what was called Gender in Development Division (GIDD)
which was one of the four professional and technical Divisions of Cabinet Office. MGCD was
created to enhance and give full mandate for social and gender integration in all development
strategies, plans, policies and actions, cutting across all sectors including the water and sanitation
sector.
Social and gender barriers such as poverty, discrimination, cultural beliefs, inadequate
monitoring and reporting, and insufficient sharing of best practices, planning and implementation
of programs and enforcement of policies continue to stand in the way of effective social
inclusion and gender mainstreaming in the water and sanitation sector.
The different roles and responsibilities of men and women create discrepancies in economic
opportunities as women are primarily responsible for child care, household chores, agriculture
and micro-enterprise as well as formal or informal jobs. Women are therefore involved in both
the market and the household economies which in turn inhibit their abilities both to fully access
formal education and engage in the market economy or full-time jobs compared to men. As a
result, women suffer more from poverty resulting from this combination of productive and
reproductive tasks. Poverty has gender dimensions, including isolation, powerlessness and
vulnerability. While poverty remains high in Zambia, the gender dimensions remain poorly
understood and women vulnerability has been compounded by the additional burden placed on
them in coping with the HIV/AIDS pandemic in terms of caring for the sick and orphans. This
requires more prioritization regarding investing in technologies (including access to clean
potable drinking water and improved sanitation) that relieve women and children’s burden and
free their time for more productive endeavors including school for children, particularly girls.
Women’s low decision-making participation in water and sanitation projects has serious
implications for maximizing their benefit. Without full participation in decision-making,
women’s empowerment and benefit are limited. Specifically, women’s involvement in decision-
making on water and sanitation pricing options, water point siting and management, design and
access is critical. If women’s participation is limited, full and appropriate usage of infrastructure
improvements in water and sanitation sector may not be realized and will result in a negative
impact on achievement of project objectives.
Since fetching water and ensuring good hygiene are commonly a responsibility of girls and
women, they are more affected where clean drinking water supply, sanitation and drainage
facilities are inadequate. Therefore, shortening the distance between water points and households
reduces the time spent in fetching water resulting in more time for school children to study and
for women to engage in income earning activities.

Where people do not have access to clean water (from source and storage) and good sanitation,
they are likely to suffer a myriad of complications that affect their health and economic potential.
In the absence of proper infrastructure for water supply, sanitation and drainage, communities
are often susceptible to water-borne diseases, with time and money spent caring for patients.
Since women are responsible for care-giving, an increase in waterborne diseases limits their
potential economic freedom. Providing quality water reduces waterborne diseases which relieves
women of the burden to care for the sick. Girls also suffer disproportionate impacts of poor water
and sanitation services, as they share the burden of water carrying and face specific risks with
regard to privacy and security with respect to sanitation at home and school.
Pictures 7 & 8: left; women and children pushing a drum of water uphill; Right; water storage facilities
Although the constitution and other policies (elaborated in section 4.0) provide for specific
freedoms and interventions in all sectors, these are weakened by customary laws and cultural
practices and beliefs that discriminate against women and children. Women’s rights of access to
and control over productive resources, including water and sanitation are therefore limited and
there is inadequate protection against the rising levels of gender based violence.
In response to these barriers, Zambia has prioritized social inclusion and gender mainstreaming
in this Compact as one of the critical areas that can foster economic development to achieve
poverty reduction targeting vulnerable groups. The project aims to include vulnerable groups
and is expected to result in reduced prevalence of waterborne diseases, improved sanitation and
solid waste management, time savings on water and sanitation related activities especially for
women and children, increased income generating activities under the Innovation Grant program
and employment opportunities during construction.
According to the Sanitation Connection Action Plan (SCAP), the health and subsequent
economic benefits envisaged under the project shall be realized if, for example, all households in
Mtendere connect to the sewage network that will be provided by the project. However, high

poverty levels, affordability, willingness and ability to pay, limited spaces for constructing toilet
facilities within a yard and inadequate resources to construct required toilet infrastructure are
some of the obstacles that pose a threat to reducing or reversing the intended health and
economic outcomes in the long run. A micro-level poverty analysis conducted by Central
Statistics Office (CSO) showed that head count income poverty in Mtendere is around 50.4
percent1.
Planned interventions under the Institutional Strengthening Activity through the Social and
Gender Assessment sector directly address social and gender inequalities and are aimed at
increasing social and gender integration through building the capacity of LWSC and LCC to
analyze and address the conditions and needs of vulnerable groups for improved service
provision. These groups include the poor, female headed households, the elderly, people with
disabilities, and children. Key social and gender considerations to be addressed include
affordability and willingness to pay for services, including connections, water closet
construction, ability to pay for water and sanitation services after connection, poverty and
vulnerability targeting, gender-based violence related to water and sanitation, and tenant/landlord
relationships (access to water and sanitation facilities). These issues and how they fit into the
project logic are discussed further in section 8.0.
Through the IEC component, awareness will be created using broader messaging focusing on
cultural or social practices that promote poor health, uptake and sustainability of water and
sanitation services and facilities, as well as gender-based violence. More information on IEC,
and how it fits into the project logic, is provided in section 8.0.
1 CSO. 2007. Micro-level Estimates of Poverty in Zambia

4.0 POLICY/LEGAL REVIEW
The SGIP is mandated by various national and international policies such as the National Gender
Policy (2000), MCC Gender Policy (2011) and supports the National Water Policy (2010) and
the Water supply and Sanitation Act of 1997.
The 1994 National Water Policy (revised in 2010) set up a new water sector management
system; promoting separation of water resources management from water supply and sanitation.
Separation of regulatory and executive functions, devolution of authority to local authorities and
achieving full cost recovery for water supply and sanitation were among other policy provisions
to ensure efficient and effective management of the sector. The 1994 National Water Policy was
revised to address challenges of poverty reduction that include pro-poor strategies in the sector.
Prior to the 1994 sector reforms, the Zambian water and sanitation sector was distinguished by
low cost recovery, inadequate guiding policy, poor human resource capacity and inadequate
investment for expansion. In response, the National Water Supply and Sanitation Council
(NWASCO) was founded as an autonomous regulator to execute a new water policy as well as
the Water and Sanitation Act of 1997. The role of NWASCO is to ensure licensing, regulate
pricing, address water quality and service delivery standards, analyze information and regulate
subsidies in the water and sanitation sector.
GRZ introduced the Water Sanitation and Health Education (WASHE) model as a national
strategy. It is implemented through committees in districts, an institutional arrangement that
mandates local authorities to provide water and sanitation services. In addition, the National
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme (NRWSSP) 2006 – 2010 was developed to
increase and improve water supply and sanitation access in rural areas.
The GRZ’s Sustainable Operations Maintenance Programme provides for improvement in the
utilization and maintenance of water supply facilities to ensure improved health and economic
well being of vulnerable rural populations. The Programme is mainly used as a tool to ensure
sustainability of water supply and sanitation facilities.
Although there remain some gaps in the regulatory framework, there have been significant
improvements in the planning and policy framework at the national level. The policy and legal
framework in the country is as summarized below.
Millennium Challenge Account Act of 2013: The Millennium Challenge Account Act was
enacted in 2013 to guide the implementation of the Compact. The Act stipulates that GRZ will,
through the project, develop a comprehensive SGIP that reflects MCC Gender Policy as well as
the Social and Gender Integration Guidelines. It identifies approaches for regular meaningful and
inclusive consultations with women and other vulnerable groups. It also recognizes the
consolidation of findings and recommendations of the Project where specific social and gender
analyses are incorporated back in the designs and other key project documents for achieving
social and gender integration (GRZ. 2013b). The Act specifically states that LWSC and LCC
will benefit from institutional strengthening technical assistance for social and gender integration
to develop and implement policies that will increase their capacity and incentives to provide
services that are affordable to the peri-urban poor and other vulnerable groups. The Act further

stipulates support for IEs in Information, Education and Communication (IEC) efforts to
promote behavior change aimed at increasing project benefits and reducing risks to project
investments. In so doing, the Compact will maximize the positive social and gender impacts of
the project and address cross cutting issues such as human trafficking, child and forced labor,
HIV/AIDS and gender.
Sixth National Development Plan (SNDP) 2011 – 2015 (2011): Zambia is currently
implementing its Sixth National Development Plan (SNDP). Specific to the SGIP, the SNDP’s
goals and objectives on water supply and sanitation, gender and social protection are as follows;
a) Water and sanitation: According to the 2011 – 2015 SNDP, Zambia aims at achieving
75% accessibility to reliable safe water and 60% adequate sanitation by 2015 in order to enhance
economic growth and improve the quality of life. Implementation of the SNDP is guided by the
National Water Policy of 2010. However; the SNDP indicates that countrywide, performance
under the Fifth National Development Plan (FNDP) was generally below target although there
was progress in terms of provision of safe water including construction and rehabilitation of new
water supply facilities and rehabilitation of existing facilities to improve access. The main
challenge experienced in water and sanitation sector is limited infrastructure investments.
b) Gender: The SNDP indicates that GRZ will continue to push for advancement and
realization of gender mainstreaming in the development process ensuring that social and gender
issues are mainstreamed into development interventions and policies and to support the socio-
economic empowerment of women and other vulnerable groups. It promotes comprehensive
integration of gender into national policies and programmes, important international and regional
conventions and treaties to which Zambia is party. However, weak institutional linkages,
capacity constraints and inadequate gender disaggregated data remain a challenge.
c) Social Protection: The social protection goal in the SNDP is meant to empower low
capacity households and provide social assistance to enable them live decent lives. Policies such
as the Gender Policy, Health Policy, National Child Development Policy, Education Policy and
Youth Policy are used in the implementation of social protection packages. However, the social
protection sector generalizes interventions and is not specific to gender related issues in the water
and sanitation sector.
Vision 2030: Vision 2030 stipulates the vision to become a prosperous middle income nation by
2030 that provides opportunities for improving the well-being of all; representing values of
socioeconomic justice and guided by identified principles, one of which is gender responsive
sustainable development. Its long-term commitment to gender mainstreaming and social
inclusion provides a sufficient mandate to flow through the National Development Plans for
implementation at different levels by all development stakeholders in all sectors, including the
water and sanitation sector.
National Gender Policy (2000): The National Gender Policy was developed in 2000 and is
currently under review by the Ministry of Gender and Child Development. The review is in the
final stages. The policy recognizes challenges in water and sanitation services provision such as
inadequate coordination between local authorities and other service providers and poor water and
sanitation facilities resulting from inadequate funding. In addition, the policy distinguishes that
cultural practices place the burden of water collection on women even though their involvement

in decision making in water and sanitation related investments is limited. It therefore encourages
women participation and empowerment in development project.
National Water Policy (2010): The sector reforms in 1994 saw the birth of the National Water
Policy to promote integration of sanitation and hygiene in water projects. The policy was
reviewed in 2010 through the Ministry of Water and Energy Development to take into account
objectives in line with implementation of measures that ensure social and gender integration and
other cross cutting issues such as HIV/AIDS. Further, the review was to ensure a cost effective,
expanded, adequate and safe water supply and sanitation services in the country. To implement
the National Water Policy and the Sanitation Act of 1997 as well as to separate the regulatory
and executive functions in the water supply and sanitation sector, an independent regulator,
NWASCO, was established.
The Water Resources Management Act was endorsed in 2011 to support the implementation of
the National Water Policy which is guided by seven sector principles namely; separation of
regulation and executive functions, devolution of supply responsibility to local authorities and
private enterprise, promotion of appropriate technology for local conditions and increased
government spending on water supply services. Other principles are creation of effective
institutions through human resource development and capacity building, full cost recovery and
separation of Water Resource Regulation from Water Supply and Sanitation regulation.
The Government of the Republic of Zambia in currently in the process of revising the National
Water Policy of 2010 and is developing the National Water and Sanitation Policy which is
intended to provide clear guidelines of how players of sub-sectors should maintain standards of
hygiene and clean water supply provision.
The guiding principles in the National Water Policy (2010) are in line with the Compact goal in
the water supply and sanitation sector. Being a government initiative, the Compact has
elaborated increased government spending in the sector. Further, full cost recovery and creation
of effective institutions through human resource development and capacity development
principles are also being fulfilled by the Compact through the implementation of the Institutional
strengthening activity for LCC and LWSC.
Anti-Human Trafficking Act No. 11 of 2008: The Act provides that all forms of human
trafficking are criminal. It provides for the filing of and dealing with issues pertaining to human
trafficking and further suppresses and punishes trafficking in persons, especially women and
children. Engaging in physical and psychological abuse, taking advantage of other people’s
vulnerabilities and leading them to exploitation is punishable. The Compact will utilise
provisions herein to ensure that contractors do not traffic in persons as specified by the Act.
Constitution of the Republic of Zambia: The Constitution of the Republic of Zambia, currently
under review, guarantees measures with respect to the participation of women and men in the
development process with equal opportunities where every person has the right to water in
adequate quantities and of satisfactory quality. Further, the constitution stipulates that every
person has the right to a reasonable standard of sanitation and that any law, culture, custom or
tradition that undermines the dignity, welfare, interest or status of women or men is prohibited.

Anti- Gender Based Violence Act (GBV) – 2011: The Anti-Gender Based Violence Act of
2011 offers an inclusive framework for protection and means of survival for victims and
survivors of GBV as well as prosecution of perpetrators. The Act takes its inspiration from the
gender based violence provisions of Articles 20 - 25 of the SADC Protocol on Gender and
Development which emphasizes enforcement of legislation that prohibits all forms of GBV in all
sectors and it discourages traditional norms including social, economic, cultural and political
practices. The Act will be used by the Compact as a critical tool in the fight against water and
sanitation related GBV.
Public Health Act (Drainage and Latrine Act) 1995 Chapter 295: The Public Health Act
(1930) provides for the prevention and suppression of diseases and generally to regulate all
matters connected with public health in Zambia. In part, the Public Health Act prohibits throwing
or passing into any sewer or drain belonging to the Local Authority by which the free flow of the
sewage or other liquid waste is obstructed shall be guilty of an offence. It further provides for
cleanliness and avoidance of overcrowding in all dwelling or premises without which it becomes
a public nuisance that requires to be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the Act. The
Institutional Strengthening Activity under IEC will use the Act in a bid to create a cleaner
environment in the City of Lusaka.
The National HIV/AIDs/STI/TB Council Act of 2002: This Act established the National
HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Council. The Council coordinates and supports the development, monitoring
and evaluation of the multi-sectoral national response including water and sanitation, for
prevention and combating of the spread of HIV, AIDS, STI and TB. In line with the Act, the
Compact through ESIAs obliges contractors to include aspects of awareness creation on
HIV/AIDs prevention during construction to protect communities from possible infections due to
new entrants (contractors and employees) in the community. In line with specifications in this
policy, the SGA sector will monitor and ensure that communities are empowered and protected
against new infections.
Employment and Labor Relations Act (2004): The Act guarantees equal employment
opportunities and strives to eliminate discrimination in any employment policy or practice. The
Act promotes fair and free recruitment process, clear job description, grading and remuneration,
employment benefits as well as terms and conditions of service. Every employer is expected to
take positive steps to guarantee equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value.
The Act forbids child labor and employment unfairness on the grounds of religion; tribe, sex,
race, political affiliation and marital status. The Compact will use the Act to ensure that women
and other vulnerable groups participate in and benefit from the employment opportunities that
will be created by the Compact during construction and through the Innovation Grant facility.
Occupational Health and Safety Act (2010): The Act provides for the development and
implementation of programs to eliminate negative impacts on safety and health and maintain
hygiene at work places. Employers are mandated to investigate and detect occupational diseases
and injuries as well as maintain standards for the protection of employees where any health and
safety grievances are resolved and awareness on standards, rules and procedures pertaining to
occupational health is created. The project will utilize this piece of legislation in dealing with
social and gender issues related to occupational health and safety during the construction and
operation stages.

National Health Policy: The National Health Policy advances gender specific health goals, for
example improving reproductive health and reduction of child and maternal mortality while the
Education Act (2011) promotes equal access to education by all.
National Cultural Policy: This policy promotes acceptable cultural and traditional practices that
do not portray any discrimination against women, men, boys and girls. It further encourages
female and male fairness in the family and at the community level.
Citizens Economic and Empowerment Act (2006): The Act promotes participation of both
women and men in owning, access, managing and exploiting economic resources that are
channeled through the Citizens Economic Empowerment Commission (CEEC) that was created
in 2006.
MCC Gender Integration Guidelines and MCC Gender Policy: In compliance with the MCC
Gender Policy, the guidelines provide operational guidance to MCC’s country partner on their
role to integrate social and gender analyses. Since gender inequality is a barrier to economic
growth, execution of each Compact is expected to take into account social and gender integration
that reflects MCC’s dedication to gender equality as a development objective. It is therefore the
ultimate responsibility of MCA Zambia to integrate all components designed to address gender
inequalities that limit women, men, children and vulnerable groups to participate in and benefit
from MCC investments.
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): MDG No. 3 promotes gender equality and
empowerment of women and one of the indicators on this MDG is to measure the share of
women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sectors which includes water and sanitation.
MDG No. 7 goal promotes environmental sustainability and one of the targets under this goal is
in line with the Compact objectives of contributing to the increase in the proportion of people
with sustainable access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities. Other MDGs that are in
line with Compact objectives are No’s 4 – Reducing child mortality, 5 – Improving maternal
health, 6 – Combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases and 8 – Globalizing partnerships
for eradicating poverty. Compact objectives aim to contribute to meeting the MDGs specific to
the water and sanitation sector.
Southern African Development Community (SADC) Protocol on Gender and Development

(2008): Zambia is Party to the SADC Protocol. The Protocol has 28 targets to be met by 2015.
While implementing its provisions, Zambia is a signatory to, but has not yet ratified, the Gender
Protocol. Although there is no water supply specific target, the following (out of the 28) are
related to the Compact.
 endeavor to enshrine gender equality and equity in their Constitutions and ensure that
these are not compromised by any provisions, laws and practices,
 introduce measures to ensure that women benefit equally from economic opportunities
including public procurement process,
 Review, amend, and enact laws and policies that ensure women and men have equal
access to wage employment in all sectors of the economy,
 Enact and enforce legislation prohibiting all forms of gender based violence

 Enact and adopt specific legislative provisions to prevent human trafficking and provide
holistic services to the victims with the aim of re-integrating them into society and
 Ensure provision of hygiene and sanitary facilities and nutritional needs of women and
girls.
All the 28 targets are monitored and reported in form of an annual Barometer report. This gives
comparison within the region on target milestones regarding social inclusion and gender
mainstreaming and allows each country to determine implementation gaps and redesign their
strategies accordingly to attain the 28 targets within the intended period.
The Institutional Strengthening Activity shall compliment government efforts to meet these set
targets. The results of the project will feed into the Barometer reporting system, coordinated
through Gender Links and other related organizations.
International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards: IFC Performance

Standards provide guidance on ensuring environmental, social and gender integration in
development projects. The Performance Standards (1 – 8) are as follows; Assessment and
Management of Environmental and Social risks and impacts (1), Labor and Working Conditions
(2), Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention (3) and Community Health, Safety and
Security (4). Others are Land Acquisition, and Involuntary Resettlement (5), Biodiversity
Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources (6), Indigenous Peoples
(7) and Cultural Heritage (8). The Compact shall be guided by the IFC Performance Standards to
prevent and mitigate environmental, social and gender impacts using these performance
standards.
International Human Rights Instruments – Zambia is party to the Convention on the

Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW): Zambia has signed
and ratified the CEDAW, an international convention adopted in 1979 by the United Nations
General Assembly. It is described as an international bill of rights for women and it fights to
eliminate all forms of discrimination against women. The fifth and sixth periodic CEDAW report
of Zambia recognizes social and gender mainstreaming achievements in the country especially in
terms of gender mainstreaming in policies, Acts, strategies and initiatives. However, the report
states that there is inadequate knowledge in the Zambian society in general of the rights of
women under the Convention. In the area of employment, the report states that there are more
women than men who are unemployed and that the majority of those in work are in the informal
sector where pay is generally low and accompanied by high insecurity and uncertainty. Other
related concerns in the report pertain to violence against women and gaps in health, participation
in political and public life, education and HIV/AIDS that require continued government and
stakeholder effort.
Zambia is also Party to the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the
Rights of Women in Africa, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), The African
Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC) and the Beijing Declaration and
Platform for Action.

5.0 INSTITUTIONAL AND PRAGMATIC REVIEW
Government, NGOs, Cooperating partners and regulatory bodies play a key role in the water and
sanitation sector, ensuring that gender mainstreaming is incorporated in service delivery. For
example, in May 2011, GRZ launched the strategy for engendering the Public Service. This is to
ensure acceleration of gender mainstreaming in all sectors of the Public Service. GRZ has
committed itself to gender responsiveness at national and international levels. However, there are
implementation gaps such as limited social and gender accountability mechanisms and limited
statistical information and appreciation of gender mainstreaming as an operational concept. The
objective for the Strategy for Engendering the Public Service is to facilitate gender
mainstreaming in the Public Service Reform Programme in order to promote gender
responsiveness in management and service delivery. Institutional arrangements and specific roles
in the water and sanitation sector are described in sections 5.1 to 5.13 below.
5.1 The Ministry of Mines, Energy and Water Development
The Ministry of Mines, Energy and Water Development is responsible for management of water
resources in the country using the Water Resources Act of 2011. The ministry manages water
resources such as rivers, lakes, underground and other water bodies. This is done under the
Department of Water Affairs through the Water Resources Management Agency. Management
of water resources has been extended to regulation, management and abstraction of ground
water.
5.2 The Ministry of Local Government and Housing
The Ministry of Local Government and Housing is the receiving Ministry for LWSSDP and is
responsible for the implementation of the water supply and sanitation policy. Specifically, the
Ministry coordinates urban planning, water and sanitation, municipal infrastructure and support
services. Through the Department of Housing and Infrastructure Development, the Ministry
plans, implements, coordinates and monitors peri-urban and rural water supply, sanitation and
hygiene promotion and storm water management. The Ministry also provides financial and
technical support in the sector. It requires water rights from the Ministry of Mines, Energy and
Water Development to supply drinking water to urban and rural areas and the responsibility to
supply water is delegated to local authorities. In the case of Lusaka City, LCC is responsible for
Lusaka urban water supply. Local authorities have formed and delegated urban water supply and
sewerage treatment to commercial water utilities. LWSC is a commercial water utility that has
been formed by LCC to supply water and provide sanitation services for Lusaka city.
Drawing from the National Water Policy, the National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
Programme (2006 – 2010) which is based on service delivery through devolution of
responsibility to Local Authorities to seek increased and improved access to water supply and
sanitation services in rural areas was developed and implemented. District Water, Sanitation and
Health Education (D-WASHE) Committees have been used as vehicles for sustainability of
service through local control and oversight of water supply and sanitation service. With
increased funding, the D-WASHE would achieve more results.

5.3 Lusaka City Council
Lusaka City Council is a corporate body established under the Local Government Act Cap 281 to
operate as a local authority which is an agent of the central government through the Ministry of
Housing and Local Government, with delegated functions relating to provision of services to the
residents of Lusaka city. The Act defines the functions of the local authorities amongst which
include the provision of water supply, sanitation and drainage system to the city of Lusaka.
Under the Water and Sanitation Act No. 28 of 1997, the provision of safe water supply and
adequate sanitation services has been delegated to LWSC by LCC and other Lusaka province
local authorities namely: Kafue, Chongwe and Luangwa districts. LCC’s primary role in
Compact is the implementation of the drainage component including solid waste management
and will receive support from Compact funding for institutional strengthening in social and
gender integration, asset management as well as environmental management.
5.4 Lusaka Water and Sewerage Company
Lusaka Water and Sewerage Company was established as an independent entity in 1988 under
the Companies Act and commenced operations in 1990 when it was weaned from being a
department of LCC and transformed into a private limited liability company. The company
became a provincial utility in February 2008 with the councils of Lusaka city, Kafue, Chongwe
and Luangwa being shareholders. The company was established with the purpose of improving
water supply and sanitation services to the city of Lusaka by operating on a commercially
sustainable basis. For this Compact, it has the primary role of implementing the water and
sanitation aspects and will receive support from Compact funding for institutional strengthening
in social and gender integration, asset management as well as environmental management.
5.5 National Water Supply and Sanitation Council (NWASCO)
NWASCO was established under the then Ministry of Energy and Water Development, now the
Ministry of Mines, Energy and Water Development to implement the National Water Policy.
NWASCO’s specific role is to regulate water supply and sewerage commercial utilities to protect
consumers from unjustified tariffs and ensure service level and quality of water. The regulatory
body further engages in sanitation policy development, water supply standard setting, licensing
and performance monitoring for the water supply and sewerage utilities.
Commercial water utilities have institutional arrangements with Ministry of Lands, Environment
and Natural Resources to discharge treated sewerage. Although Local Authorities (LCC in the
case of Lusaka) manage storm water, there is currently no specific regulation on discharge of
storm water in the country.
5.6 The Ministry of Health
The Ministry of Health coordinates all national health related matters and is critical in the
implementation of the Compact since its main objective is to reduce water borne diseases.
Information sharing on water and sanitation related disease incidence both for baseline and
Compact reporting shall be carried out on a continuous basis through the M & E sector and will
be followed up using indicators provided for in this plan (refer to section 7). The Ministry of
Health will also be engaged and consulted during the implementation of IEC TA.

5.7 The Ministry of Gender and Child Development
The Ministry of Gender and Child Development is committed to addressing different forms of
gender inequality in all sectors including the water and sanitation sector. The Ministry is
currently reviewing the National Gender Policy of 2000 (refer to section 4.0). MCA Zambia
shall work with the IEs in the development of a monitoring and reporting system that shall build
into the national reporting system through the Ministry of Gender and Child Development
(MGCD). The expected result is for the IEs’ gender mainstreaming and social inclusion activities
to be highlighted in national reports through the MGCD to provide lesson sharing and awareness
to government and other stakeholders in terms of social and gender mainstreaming in water
supply and sanitation service provision as well as city drainage and solid waste management.
5.8 The Ministry of Finance
The Ministry of Finance provides national planning, economic development policies and
financial management guidance that include water and sanitation sector development. The
LWSSD Project is an initiative of the Ministry of Finance and its guidance in the implementation
of the Project is pertinent.
5.9 Ministry of Community Development, Mother and Child Health
The vision of the Ministry of Community Development, Mother and Child Health is to have a
Zambian society where every poor and vulnerable person is empowered to live a productive and
useful life while its mission is to provide and facilitate socioeconomic empowerment for the poor
and vulnerable and promote the development and preservation of national culture. MCA Zambia
will collaborate with the ministry in defining poverty indicators which will help to formulate
options for supporting the poor and vulnerable in the targeted areas.
5.10 Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA)
Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) is the regulatory agency responsible for
sustainable environmental protection and management. Results from the public consultation
conducted by MCA Zambia have been used to answer social and gender concerns that were
raised by ZEMA in their review of the draft ESIAs. Findings from public consultations have
been incorporated in the water supply, sanitation and drainage ESIAs that will guide
implementation of the Compact. ZEMA is responsible for approval of the ESIAs before
commencement of construction activities. Further, the project will work hand in hand with
ZEMA in the acquisition of all environmental licenses and permits.
5.11 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
Apart from government institutions, there are several NGOs and Cooperating Partners (CPs)
funding and or implementing water and sanitation related projects. These support the National
Water Policy’s requirement for the integrated provision of water, sanitation and hygiene services.
The Non-Governmental Organizations Coordinating Committee (NGOCC) is an umbrella body

of NGOs focused on gender and development, including those that are implementing water and
sanitation projects. NGOCC’s goal is to champion gender equality and equity through

coordinated institutional and capacity building support to member’s advocacy and linkages with
local and international partners. There are several NGOs in Zambia that have water and
sanitation components as well as drainage and solid waste management. World Vision
International, Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor (WSUP), Water and Sanitation
Association of Zambia (WASAZA), NGO Wash Forum, the Integrated Water Resources
Management (IWRM) Centre at University of Zambia, Civil Society for Poverty Reduction
(CSPR), Plan International, CARE International, and Women for Change (WfC), to mention but
a few, have contributed significantly to social and gender integration in the water and sanitation
sector.
These and many other NGOs have worked to improve the coordination of water and sanitation
efforts including promotion of the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education (WASHE) concept
and use of appropriate, low cost technologies and engaging communities to instill a sense of
ownership and responsibility for the sustainability of project results.
For example, the IWRM undertakes research and training in the water sector in order to build the
capacity in IWRM in Zambia focusing on groundwater, assessments and improvement of water
sector performance through institutional strengthening and human development in the water
sector. MCA Zambia will draw lessons from these NGOs in the implementation of the IEC and
the Social and Gender Institutional Strengthening TA for LWSC and LCC. Many of these
organizations were engaged and have actively participated in the development process of the
SGIP.
5.12 Community Based Organizations (CBOs)
There are many community-based actors which have and will continue to play a critical role in
Compact activities. These include Faith Based Organizations (FBOs), Ward and Zone
Development Committees and Community Health Committees, among others. Community
structures such as the Ward Development Committees have been heavily involved with SGIP
development process, project design and ESIA related consultations and shall continue to be
engaged during project implementation. CBOs and FBOs have been engaged at a community
level in water supply and sanitation. Further, MCA Zambia engaged the NGO Wash Forum to
identify WASH activities as a way of sharing lessons to build into the SGIP development
process.
5.13 Cooperating Partners
The water and sanitation sector receives funding from the donor community through government
or directly to local implementing NGOs and through the Devolution Trust Fund (DTF). Support
from the donor community has been harmonized within the country’s water supply and
sanitation regulatory framework. DTF has been established by NWASCO through the
Government of the Republic of Zambia’s Water Supply and Sanitation Act No 28 of 1997. This
is a multi-donor pro-poor basket fund supported by government and cooperating partners. It is
an instrument to assist commercial operators to improve water and sanitation services to the
urban poor. It provides financing for sustainable access to water and sanitation in urban and peri-
urban areas of Zambia with the aim of reaching peri-urban communities through provision of
water kiosks and other low cost water supply and sewerage facilities. The LWSSD Project will

assist in meeting this goal through both the infrastructure development and institutional
strengthening activity.
With support from cooperating partners, WSUP has provided technical assistance to LWSC
supporting uptake of water and sanitation services for the urban poor and this work will continue
through a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that has been signed by LWSC,
WSUP and MCA Zambia. For example, hygiene and health awareness promotions to increase
uptake of water and sanitation services by the urban poor in Mtendere will be carried out by
WSUP as specified in the MOU, aimed at complimenting the IEC planned interventions under
the institutional strengthening activity of the Compact.
The World Bank has assisted LWSC through a sector performance improvement project as well
as supporting the institutional capacity building for the Ministry of Local Government and
Housing to advance a coordinated approach for the water sector. On the Copperbelt, the World
Bank has provided improvements in urban water supply and sanitation to attract private
investments. The sanitation marketing and community-based water and sanitation delivery
schemes in poor urban areas have been spearheaded by the Bank through the Water and
Sanitation Program for Africa. DANIDA has supported rural water supply and sanitation
management information system, knowledge, resource framework and integrated water resource
management. This includes urban and peri-urban water supply and sanitation service delivery for
low cost housing areas and this has been implemented through the Water Sector Support
Program.
In Northern Province, Irish Aid has supported DTF to promote urban water supply and sanitation
as well as capacity building and institutional strengthening for rural water supply and sanitation
through the Water, Sanitation and Health Education framework. The German Development
Bank (KfW) has provided support to both urban and rural water supply and sanitation service
delivery in Southern Province as well as providing support to NWASCO and DTF. In Central
Province, the African Development Bank has supported urban water supply and sanitation
service delivery projects including infrastructure rehabilitation and institutional strengthening of
local authorities, District Water, Sanitation and Health Education committees and one
commercial water utility. The Bank has also provided support to the national rural water supply
and sanitation program approved in 2006.
DFID has put in place a 5-year water and sanitation programme targeting up to 3 million people
in rural areas of Zambia. This includes access to quality water supply and improved sanitation
for schools and households. The funding will step-up progress towards meeting the sanitation
MDGs. Apart from direct support, the funds will strengthen the private sector to coordinate
sanitation activities aimed at improving existing latrines for individual households and
introducing a campaign to promote good hygiene practices at a national level. Community Led
Total Sanitation (CLTS), an innovative approach which aims to help local communities build
simple, low-cost latrines rather than using communal open spaces will be scaled- up. DFID has
also funded some NGOs to implement water and sanitation related projects.
Working with Government and various NGOs, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
has supported water supply and sanitation projects in Zambia. JICA has been involved in the
country’s water and sanitation sector in terms of equipment and technical support to the Ministry

of Mines, Energy and Water Development. The Agency has further provided coordination in
rolling out the operation and maintenance component of the National Rural Water Supply and
Sanitation Programme (NRWSSP). JICA has supported peri-urban water supply service delivery
through community-based schemes, linkages with public health and ground water development
through borehole drilling. The organization has had a strong presence in Lusaka, and has
undertaken initial work on developing a framework for urban WASHE programs.
USAID has funded water and sanitation activities in schools and communities. A Schools
Producing Learning Advancement through Sanitation and Health (SPLASH) Project is
implemented with USAID funding in Eastern and North Western Provinces of Zambia. The
project is targeting schools and communities aimed at improving water use, sanitation and
hygiene practices and integrates social and gender issues to take care of girls’ special sanitation
needs in schools. This has enhanced gender equity and teacher retention in schools. Additionally,
the School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and Quality Education Project is
implemented to improve water and sanitation services and hygiene education in schools in the
Northern Province of Zambia. In addition, through the Sustainable Water and Sanitation in
Africa (SUWASA), USAID has provided technical assistance to NWASCO to improve its
regulatory capacity in the area of cost of service, tariff review, and corporate governance and
will work with WSUP to promote uptake of water and sanitation services by the urban poor,
working through schools in Mtendere. This is aimed at complementing the Compact institutional
strengthening activity.
German Organization for International Development (GIZ) has supplied advisory services to
the Local Government and Housing Department of Water Affairs. Further, GIZ supports
NWASCO, WASAZA and DTF in water supply delivery services through water utilities. This
has contributed to the improvement of water and sanitation services and increased access with a
special focus on vulnerable communities. Participation from civil society in decision-making
processes in water resources management and supply has been increased through this
intervention. GIZ has also supported policy reform where population participation is encouraged.
An important key to success in this process is civil society and general public involvement.
Often, this requires a process of cultural change and good governance in the water and sanitation
sector.
European Union (EU) has supported sound and sustainable environmental services comprising
safe water supply, sanitation, and hygiene promotion for the vulnerable population in many parts
of Zambia. This has been implemented using various strategies which include sensitizing and
educating communities on good hygienic practices, training volunteers on good hygiene and safe
sanitation practices at homes, and providing hygiene materials to clients and their families. The
EU has worked with government, CPs and Non-State Actors to implement these strategies and
takes key interest in ensuring gender mainstreaming in all funded projects.
Using schools as entry points, UNICEF’s School WASHE programme focuses on schools that
lack safe drinking water and sanitation facilities. Safe drinking water supply and sanitation
facilities for pupils are provided and the design incorporates hand washing facilities. The Life
Skills and Hygiene Education project has enhanced child participation in life skills in schools.
This has enabled children to talk assertively about hygiene issues in communities where they
live. The UNICEF-supported WASHE strategy also ensures that school and community based

programmes are integrated and relevant to national policies and strategies in the water and
sanitation sector at the district level.
The Netherlands government has provided support for peri-urban and rural water supply and
sanitation capacity building and institutional strengthening through hygiene education and at
catchment level targeting gender issues. Some of the funding for water and sanitation projects
have been channeled through UNICEF and this was to support Zambia’s efforts in attaining the
MDGs’ water and sanitation targets.
According to its 2011 – 2015 Country Strategy, Water Aid is working to provide water and
sanitation facilities in urban, peri-urban and rural areas. The Strategy further states that, Water
Aid has shifted from directly working with communities to coordinating with NGOs,
government, private sector and Community Based Organizations (CBOs). Initially, the
organization used a focus area approach that dotted interventions across a number of villages but
has shifted to systematic village approach that clusters selected villages and also to the district
wide approach.
Water Aid’s specific areas of focus are capacity development, service delivery and sector
financing. Social and gender integration is seen as a critical element at all implementation stages
where women and other vulnerable groups are included in WASH services through improving
their access to resources and participating in decision making. This has been implemented
through a coordinated social and gender integration approach that does not consider gender
mainstreaming to be a stand-alone activity but cross cutting.
However, the institutional and pragmatic review has revealed that inadequate collaboration
among all stakeholders in water and sanitation related to social and gender integration has
resulted in duplication of efforts and limited documentation and learning from best practices. In
promoting successful approaches, innovations and leadership excellence in the water and
sanitation sector, MCA Zambia will, through the SGA sector, coordinate with these stakeholders
to avoid duplication and promote coordination and information sharing on water and sanitation
service provision, management, competence and sharing of best practices.

6.0 SOCIAL AND GENDER DUE DILIGENCE AND SITUATION ANALYSIS
Social and gender due diligence and situation analysis was conducted through workshops,
meetings, desk reviews, site visits and public consultations. The process involved consultations
with IEs, government, bi-lateral and multi-lateral agencies, NGOs, FBOs, CBOs and targeted
beneficiaries. This work provided the basis for the SGA compact activities described in this
SGIP. Sections 6.1 to 6.9 are therefore generated from these data collection processes.
6.1 Social and Gender Due Diligence during Compact Development
Due diligence for LWSSD compact development, undertaken primarily throughout 2011,
identified and analysed data on the current situation of women and the poor in peri-urban Lusaka
with respect to water and sanitation access and challenges, and investigated a set of options for
how to address them. This included, inter alia, the importance of the role of women in the sector
and the need for policies and institutional practices to be fully responsive to the relevance of
gender to the sector; the key challenge of water and sanitation affordability for the poor;
challenges related to landlord-tenant relationships in the project areas; the current limits and need
for systematic water and sanitation-related IEC related to compact-delivered infrastructure as
well as broader WASH educational needs; and the demand and opportunities for pro-poor
innovation in the sector, which can respond to water and sanitation needs and provide skills and
employment. Out of this due diligence work, a set of SGA activities were proposed in MCC’s
Investment Memo and these were reflected in MCA project documents. This included two major
activities under the institutional strengthening component of the compact namely; Social and
Gender Integration institutional support for the IEs and IEC. SGA due diligence was also
instrumental in the development of the Innovation Grant activity.
6.2 Opportunities for Social and Gender Integration
In 2012-2013, further design and due diligence work was undertaken. A critical component of
this was a systematic Social and Gender Situation Analysis undertaken with a wide range of
government and non-governmental stakeholders. Key issues identified through the Situation
Analysis are discussed below. The situation analysis demonstrated that stakeholders are
becoming more and more aware of the policy requirement to mainstream gender in all
development projects. The creation of a full Ministry; the Ministry of Gender and Child
Development is a positive move that has contributed to this awareness. Various NGOs are
actively involved in furthering the social and gender integration agenda.
The situation analysis that was conducted demonstrated that there are opportunities in
mainstreaming gender in development projects. Details of these opportunities are specified in
table 1 below.

Table 1: Social and Gender Integration Opportunities identified through the situation analysis
Gender mainstreaming and social inclusion opportunities

Political will and donor interest for huge investments in water supply, sanitation and drainage where
promotion of women’s participation and addressing poverty and affordability issues are eminent
Political will – upgrading of the GIDD to a full Ministry of Gender and Child Development
Incorporation of social and gender issues in water and sanitation development projects such as
addressing poverty and affordability issues in water and sanitation service provision. This is shown in
relevant national and international policy instruments, development plans and goals as well as protocols
and instruments that promote social and gender integration for pro-poor service provision in the water
and sanitation sector
Existing National Gender Policy (currently under review)
Willingness/goodwill from targeted communities to participate in water and sanitation development
projects
Existing structures at local level (WDCs) which require increased women’s participation
Current involvement of women in solid waste management and other water and sanitation related
activities paves way for their increased involvement in innovation grant activities
Private sector CBEs already participating in solid waste management, this includes women organizations
Specific laws addressing GBV – e.g. Anti-Gender Based Violence Act

Information campaigns about the benefits to both landlords and tenants of having formal lease
agreements
Approaches to address tenant vulnerabilities, clarify and strengthen landlord/tenant relationships through
IEC messaging
6.3 Misconceptions and Mitigation for Social and Gender Integration
Although there are opportunities in social and gender mainstreaming, a threat to gender analysis
and integration exists. Gender mainstreaming is commonly perceived to be synonymous to
women and girls to the exclusion of men and boys. This creates misconceptions around social
and gender integration efforts, resulting in barriers to gender integration and social inclusion
messages. It has led to misunderstanding and non-acceptance of social and gender integration
messaging in project management to promote socioeconomic development.
To mitigate this misconception, social and gender analysis should be strategically explained to
mean engagement of all women and men of different age and social groups, including children,
to address legal, institutional and cultural dimensions that widen the gender inequality gap.
Ministry of Gender and Child Development has put in place deliberate activities that involve
men’s participation to ensure sustainable social and gender integration outcomes. This is
achieved through resource allocation, capacity development, and clear social and gender
advocacy strategies. If social and gender related messages are not clearly defined and understood
by all players, it becomes difficult to achieve social and gender objectives.
For this reason, a continuous stakeholder education and consultation process that engages all
women and men of different age and social groups, including children, should be adopted to

ensure uptake of social and gender best practices and sustainable implementation of development
projects such as the LWSSD project. Implementation of the SGIP takes into consideration this
gap and works to create awareness on the deeper meaning of social and gender analyses and
mainstreaming in development projects. It ensures increase in participation and benefit for all
women and men of different age and social groups, including children. Involvement of men in
awareness creation around gender mainstreaming promotes increased knowledge among men
and this can result in reduced misconceptions around the concept.
Furthermore, the social and gender analysis is not just about gender - it is about vulnerability and
social inclusion, and focuses on social differences related to age, disability and poverty. The
focus on poverty in peri-urban Lusaka is central to the SGA work - ensuring that the vulnerable
and poor are not excluded from the benefits of project investments nor are adversely affected.
6.4 Demographics, Water and Sanitation Considerations
It is estimated that well over 60% of urban population in Lusaka live in peri-urban areas which
have high population growth resulting from increase in urbanisation and in-migration as people
move from rural areas to urban areas in search of employment and business opportunities. In
cases of in-migration, the movement is from one urban area to another, in search of employment
and Lusaka makes the biggest pull since it is the capital city. Being the cheapest in terms of
accommodation cost, most of the people who are relocating to urban areas move into peri-urban
areas resulting into congestion.
In these areas, there are more households residing on single plots, for example in Mtendere,
where the LWSSD project is implementing a sanitation connection project, one single plot can
house up to three families. According to the Mtendere CSO Baseline Survey (2013), many of
these residents (close to 70%) are rent-paying tenants, though formal lease agreements are rare.
In most cases, households in peri-urban areas do not have individual house connections for water
supply and sanitation, but use communal taps and shared onsite pit latrines. According to the
Mtendere CSO Baseline Survey (2013), 39% of households have a tap within the yard, 29%
collect water from their neighbors’ tap and the rest depend on water kiosks/communal taps,
boreholes within or outside the plot as well as shallow wells. Water is available only for a short
period of time during the day, forcing women to fetch water in the night.
Pit latrines are not part of the main dwelling place, making it difficult to access these services in
the night, coupled with fear of being attacked by criminals. In Zambia and elsewhere, it is a
common norm that women and children bear the burden of ensuring that the household has
adequate water supply and clean sanitation facilities at the household level. As a result, they are
exposed to sexual harassment (GBV) and abuse while collecting water and accompanying
children in the night to sanitation facilities that are outside the house, no privacy, increased
workload of cleaning these facilities and being the last ones to access the facilities especially
during ‘rush hours’ such as in the morning.
According to the Mtendere CSO Baseline Survey of 2013, the percentage distribution of
households by duration of stay in the housing unit and occupancy status shows that overall,
39.1% of the households stayed in the same housing unit for less than 1 year, 20.2% stayed
between 1-2 years, while 11.4% stayed in the same housing unit for more than 10 years.

Analysis for Mtendere by occupancy status shows that the higher ratio of tenants (49.8%) than
that of landlords (12.6%) stayed in the same housing unit for less than 1 year and close to 32% of
landlords stayed in the same housing unit for more than 10 years. Further, only 3.1% of the
tenants stayed in the same housing unit for more than 10 years. It is then clear that the proportion
of households that stayed in the same housing unit for 6 to 10 years is more among Landlords
(22.7 percent) compared to that of Tenants (6.8 percent).
6.5 Social and Gender Integration in Project Design and Infrastructure Issues
Ensuring equal participation of women and other vulnerable groups in decision-making around
water supply, sanitation and solid waste and drainage management was critical during Compact
development. Attention was paid to how women and men would be involved in decision
making. For example, location and designs of water points, drainages and sanitation facilities in
the LWSSD Project included detailed consultation on all gender categories during gender
disaggregated focus group discussions that were conducted during public consultations.
Attention to these social differences and to community inputs must continue during
implementation. Women and men of different age and social groups, including children are
impacted differently by the project. For example, noise generated during construction impacts
negatively on youths’ school study programmes and at the same time it is health threatening for
the elderly. Since some locations along the project footprint, such as drainages are used as
‘playing grounds’ and or ‘swimming pools’ for children, integrating awareness on safety and
health measures as well as integrating these issues in infrastructure designs is pertinent.
Pictures 9 & 10: Left: some portions of the drain used as swimming pool and playing ground for children as well as
a source of water for gardening
Provision of a bridge over a drain and or covering of a drain positively impacts on children,
women, the elderly, the sick and the disabled. Another example is that of community social
interaction with new entrants during construction which may impact negatively on women and
girls in terms of sexual abuse resulting in new HIV/AIDS infections and pregnancies. This was

one of the major concerns expressed by women and the youth in focus group discussions during
public consultations. On the other hand, new entrants – construction workers and contractors
may inject money in the community and benefit businesses through increased sales, especially in
food related businesses.
Social and gender analysis in this case ensures that these concerns and views of vulnerable
groups are not excluded from Compact development and implementation stages. Mitigation
measures are provided for in the RAPs, Innovation Grant processes, infrastructure designs,
Communication and Outreach strategy, ESIAs, ESMPs, Monitoring and Evaluation Plan as well
as in contracts and tender documents. This includes monitoring implementation of site specific
ESMPs during construction to mitigate child labour, human trafficking and to meet or exceed the
30% employment target for women as specified in the ESIAs.
6.6 Social Inclusion and Gender Mainstreaming
A major challenge identified during SGA due diligence is the risk that the poorest households,
many of whom are female-headed, may not be able to access the benefits of the LWSSD project
because they may not be able to afford connection costs, construction of toilets, and/or the water
bills that accompany networked sanitation and clean drinking water. Other risks to the poor
include the possibility that landlords will increase rent after the installation of water and
sanitation systems, potentially forcing poor tenants to find cheaper housing elsewhere, and/or not
allowing tenants to use the new facilities. Special systems may be needed to address the needs of
the poorest of the poor, to ensure that they are included in water and sanitation service planning,
and that ways of achieving affordability and sustainability are designed and implemented.
Particular challenges will increasingly be met as LWSC increases its service coverage of the
poor, while also needing to cover its costs for operations and management of the provided
service. These risks will be addressed primarily through the compact’s Social Inclusion and
Gender Mainstreaming activities, which focus on capacity building for LWSC and LCC and
includes poverty and vulnerability assessments, support for social and gender auditing, budgeting
and pro-poor targeting, assessment of options and technical support for the poor. Other measures
will be through definition of water and sanitation tariffs, solid waste collection fees and support
for operationalization of the Sanitation Connection Action Plan (SCAP) and future planning for
sanitation connections.
6.7 Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
IEC is globally recognized as an essential complement to water and sanitation infrastructure

projects. Infrastructure alone does not guarantee that people will connect to the network,
properly use or maintain facilities, pay their bills, or safely manage water and human waste to
prevent contamination and disease. According to a WHO report, research has demonstrated that
improving a community’s water supply generally reduces the incidence of diarrhea by
approximately 15 to 40 percent. However, when cleaner water is combined with hygienic
practices and good sanitation, diarrhea incidences decline by up to 65 percent. IEC activities are
critical to realizing the health benefits assumed in the project’s Economic Rate of Return (ERR)
and for sustainability of benefits, through behavior change and care of physical assets over time.

SGA due diligence work found that IEC on water and sanitation in peri-urban Lusaka has been
frequently designed and implemented in response to an emergency (like a cholera outbreak)
rather than systematic and preventative, and addressing the wide range of issues relevant to
water, sanitation and hygiene from a preventative standpoint. Due diligence also identified that a
particularly neglected area of IEC is messaging around water-borne sanitation beginning at the
household level, which is particularly relevant to MCC’s proposed investments. LWSC has
begun developing promotion messages around these issues, and IEC activities in the compact
will support the uptake and sustainability of MCC’s proposed infrastructure investments in
additional ways, through IEC on solid waste disposal and implications for maintaining drainage
channels; opportunities, benefits, and costs represented by network connections, including
financial obligations, proper use and maintenance of household level water systems and toilets;
and through building a process of community ownership to reduce vandalism and illegal
connections. Building on IEC work begun by government and other donors, it will also support
the development and implementation of broader IEC messaging on water and sanitation-related
health and hygiene issues.
Pictures 11 & 12: Infrastructure maintenance: Left; water kiosk, Right; solid waste in a drain
The IEC proposed approach to maximize project benefits and infrastructure support in water and
sanitation shall ensure project sustainability and risk reduction and will form part of the
sanitation marketing and hygiene promotion strategy. Sanitation marketing is a process that
applies social and commercial marketing approaches to scale up the supply and demand for
improved sanitation facilitates and utilization. It is a community mobilization process for
creating, communicating and delivering benefits that a target population desires and achieves in
exchange for adopting improved sanitation behavior. It is aimed at promoting uptake of services
that will be provided by the project as well as utilization of these facilities in a sustainable
manner. Further, sanitation marketing is intended to inform households of opportunities,
benefits, costs and challenges that the new infrastructure investments present and engage
residents in local behavior change campaigns around water supply, sanitation and solid waste
management. This is expected to boost the demand side where interest on water and sanitation

service is generated leading to creation of sustainable demand to construct water closets and to
connect to the sewer network that will be provided by the LWSSD project. The demand is
expected to be met by the increased capacity of LWSC and LCC to provide the required
infrastructure through the LWSSD project investments.
The sanitation marketing and hygiene promotion will directly create the enabling environment to
support the uptake and sustainability of proposed infrastructure investments since the community
will be made to appreciate and understand implications for maintaining project opportunities,
benefits, and costs represented by network connections, including financial obligations and
proper use and maintenance of household level water systems. This will ensure a sense of
community ownership spread through to individual households, the process that will reduce
vandalism and illegal connections. Stakeholder engagement will be on an on-going process to
create awareness and compliance related to the Public Health Act. In this way, the project
investments will provide expected and sustainable benefits.
In addition to sanitation and hygiene campaigns, a campaign to inform landlords and tenants of
their legal rights and responsibilities, as well as the need for them to effect connections to the
water supply and sewer network will be conducted. This will enhance the ability of poor and
vulnerable populations to benefit from the new water and sanitation connections. This approach
will be implemented through the Institutional Strengthening Technical Assistance as detailed in
the Action Plan – section 7.
6.8 Coordination: Local Authorities, Water Utilities and Beneficiary Communities
Coordination between local authorities and the water utilities requires strengthening. Strong
coordination will enhance the capacity of both LCC and LWSC to deal with social ills such as,
vandalism, thefts, illegal water connections and construction of structures in the footprint of
water supply, sanitation, telecommunication and electricity utilities. In some cases structures are
constructed in areas where pipes and cables are passing underground. This makes repair of such
pipes and cables difficult. The experience of LWSSD Project in dealing with resettlement has
been a difficult task in that structures in peri-urban areas are not planned and coordinated making
the resettlement and infrastructure design process complex, difficult and expensive. Weak
coordination makes it difficult to manage social ills such as vandalism, overcrowding, illegal
connections and solid waste disposal in peri-urban areas. For example, LWSC will receive
technical assistance through the social and gender institutional strengthening activity to enhance
service provision for water and sanitation in peri-urban areas and this is expected to increase
awareness in communities accompanied by enforcement of laws, such as the Public Health Act
to minimize these social ills and safeguard project investments. This will also lead to increased
community participation and ownership of water and sanitation investments.
Apart from local authorities and water utility coordination, stakeholder coordination and
community engagement in social and gender integration in the water and sanitation sector is
pertinent for information sharing for best practices. Lessons from Nkana Water and Sewerage
Company on their water and sanitation project in Kitwe’s Wusakile peri-urban area show that
sanitation marketing and community participation can lead to community ownership of proposed
investments even before actual infrastructure is commissioned. For example, through their robust
Water, Sanitation, and Health Education (WASHE) strategies, typhoid in Wusakile peri-urban

area was reduced as a result of improved hygiene practices even before residents had access to
improved sanitation facilities. Therefore, social mobilisation is a recipe for increased benefits
where residents are aware of project benefits and what needs to be done to sustain investments.
This illustrates that feasible options for women, children and other vulnerable groups in all these
processes are automatically highlighted and result in assuming a sense of ownership and
responsibility towards the maintenance of the proposed infrastructure.
Therefore, the success in the implementation of the water and sanitation project by Nkana Water
and Sewerage Company can be attributed to strong coordination with local authorities and
targeted beneficiaries in all stages of project implementation.
6.9 Other Social and Gender Issues
Table 2 summarizes other social and gender issues that were identified through the situation
analysis process in focus group discussions during workshops and public consultations held in
November 2012 and January – February 2013 respectively. To mitigate impacts resulting from
the identified issues in table 2, specific activities have been included in the SGIP Action Plan
(section 7) and will be integrated in the Social Inclusion and Gender Mainstreaming Institutional
Strengthening as well as IEC Technical Assistance for the entire project implementation period.
Table 2: Social and Gender issues and their causes
Social & Causes

Gender Issue
a) Poor Inadequate experience, specialized skills and know-how in social inclusion and
social inclusion gender mainstreaming by IEs and other stakeholders in the water and sanitation
and gender sector
mainstreaming Inadequate strategic thinking and planning tailored for social inclusion and gender
in institutional mainstreaming
in planning2 Lack of personnel and office space for social inclusion and gender mainstreaming
Inadequate institutional support to meet the commitment and efforts of general staff
and WDCs in social and gender integration
Inadequate information management systems for monitoring and evaluation reporting
systems tailored to capture social and gender disaggregated data
Poor knowledge of regulatory frameworks and other water and sanitation policies
that mandate social and gender integration, monitoring, evaluation and reporting
Lack of trust and confidentiality within members of staff (to share social issues such
as wellness, HIV/AIDS, family, etc.)
Inadequate coordination among stakeholders regarding gender mainstreaming and
IEC in sanitation and hygiene promotion monitoring and reporting for best practices
Workplace gender policies nonexistence. Where they exist implementation is not
systematic and adequately coordinated
b) Increase High incidences of water borne diseases and cases of HIV/AIDS (care-taking for the
d burden on sick)
women, children Challenges in assisting the elderly, the sick and children to cross wide open drainages
and other is mostly a responsibility of women
vulnerable Increased solid waste in the city (it is mostly women who clean the city employed by
2 Specific to LCC, LWSC and for other stakeholders

Social & Causes

Gender Issue
groups related toLCC)
water supply,Social-cultural norms that tend to define roles and responsibilities which
sanitation and disadvantage women, children and other vulnerable groups with increases household
solid wasteroles and responsibilities
management Gender based violence around water supply, sanitation and drainage
Low levels of education and employment among women, and youths entails limited
decision making and economic power to afford water and sanitation services placing
them at a socio-economic disadvantage
Limited and inefficient water and sanitation services/facilities (billing issues, late
response to repair blockages and leakages, few hours of water supply and poor solid
waste management
Inadequate creativity and innovation for development of initiatives that deal with
solid waste management in a sustainable manner
c) Theft, Increased urbanization uncoordinated peri urban plot allocation
Encroachment Poor coordination among stakeholders such as LCC and LWSC in service delivery
and vandalism and land allocation
Poor community involvement and consultation
Inadequate reporting on social inclusion and gender mainstreaming related to
drainage, water supply and sanitation
Inadequate enforcement of laws by relevant authorities
Lack of city social amenities and recreation sites – open spaces for relaxation
High poverty levels
d) Gender Some women experience domestic violence (physically or emotionally abused) for
Based violence returning home late from fetching water, preparing meals late and issues related to
(GBV) around home hygiene and solid waste management
water supply Some women opt to collect water in the night or very early in the morning exposed to
and sanitation dangerous situations in the night while fetching water
Most households in peri-urban areas share bathing and toilet facilities. In morning
rush hours, women and children are mostly the last ones to access these facilities
resulting into being late for school and work
Some water attendants report late for work, making women and children wait at the
water point for a long time before they can draw water. Complaining for poor service
normally results into emotional abuse and women feel they are not respected.
Child labor; Children are normally made to wait longer at water points giving adults
the chance to collect water first. This increases absenteeism, late reporting at school,
reduction on time spent on school work/homework and results into less concentration
and poor performance in school.
Fights erupt at water points and abusive language is used
Women and children push heavy drums of water, (sometimes uphill)
Women feel discriminated against in terms of employment in the water supply,
sanitation and solid waste management sector. They tend to get the least paying and
most unfavorable jobs such as garbage collection.
Begging for water from neighbors is seen a sign of poverty and since its women and
children who go in search of the commodity, they lose their self-esteem and dignity
Women are expected to clean bath tubs; toilets plates etc after other members of the
family have used them. In most peri urban areas, toilets do not have water, which
increases the burden.
Women are blamed when children swim in drainages and play around sewer ponds.

Social & Causes

Gender Issue
This is because child caring is culturally taken to be the responsibility of women
Women take responsibility on issues around disposal of waste generated by the
household
The community based enterprises that collect solid waste from households
sometimes use abusive language on women if they do not find waste packed
accordingly.
Women are emotionally abused if they warn a male for dumping solid waste in
drains
Drains are dumping sites for still born babies and are sometimes used as hideouts for
criminal activities such as rape cases
Women and girls are the most affected when water supply and sanitation facilities
are not adequate. Since women are responsible for child care, they have to
accompany children in the night to use pit latrines which exposes them to sexual
harassment and abuse.
e) Social Strong cultural relations and bonding inhibit members of the same family to report
and gender each other in case of abuse within the family
related violence Some gender based violence is associated with culturally acceptable norms and
not reported practices e.g. bride price (lobola – which signifies that a wife is owned by her
husband), initiation ceremony, cultural teaching for young women preparing them for
marriage during bridal showers, etc) where GBV is taken to be an accepted norm.
Slow or non-response to reported gender based violence – inadequate enforcement of
laws
Fear of victimization for reporting GBV cases especially for women and children
Inadequate awareness and knowledge of rights, laws and policies that protect women
and children from GBV
Men rarely report abuse from their spouses for fear of being seen to be weak and not
man enough
Excluding men from gender mainstreaming and social inclusion capacity building
and awareness programs
f) Benefits Landlords may keep the water and sanitation connections for themselves and their
accrue to non- families, not allowing tenants to use them
poor landlords Once the property has a sanitation/water connection tenants without a formal lease
while poor may face increased rents that reduce their access to the benefits provided by the
tenants are project
excluded Increased land values due to improved water/sanitation access may lead to disputes
over ownership or occupancy rights to the land or structures, common in places
where land tenure is not formalized
g) Ability to pay Poor households may be unable to pay for the connection to the water and sanitation
for connection network and sustain to pay for service bills
to water and
sanitation
network and
service

7.0 SOCIAL & GENDER INTEGRATION ACTION PLAN
Activities planned for implementation under the SGIP are divided into four main components
namely;
 General SGA Sector activities,

 MCA sector specific activities (Infrastructure, Environment and Social Performance -ESP
M&E, and Innovation Grant)
 Institutional Strengthening Activity: Social Inclusion and Gender Mainstreaming (support
to LWSC & LCC)
 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Activity (broad aspect and support to
LCC and LWSC)
Actions to ensure social and gender integration in the Compact are as stipulated in table 3 below:

Table 3: Social and Gender Action Plan
Expected
Activity Key SGA Activities Outputs/Outcomes Responsibility
Date
I. SGA Compact-Wide Integration Activities
I (a) SGA Sector Integration Activities
Annual Develop & implement

SGIP Annual Management Plan & budget available MCA Zambia (SGA) Annual
Management Plan Annual Management Planand implemented IEC and Social and
Gender IS TA
Consultant
Provide SGA input in Compact SGA components integrated in Compact Closure MCA Zambia (SGA), 2017 -
Closure FIDIC Engineer/Program 2018
Management Supervisor
SGIP Annual Review and update the SGIP Updated SGIP MCA Zambia (SGA), 2013 -
Review & update annually in August 2017
Social & Gender Integrate Social and Gender Meetings held, documents reviewed, SGA MCC/MCA Zambia 2012 -
Integration in Analysis in the Compact3 comments/concerns integrated and implemented (SGA) 2013
Compact (refer to in all relevant Compact activities
sub sectors I (b), I
(c), I (d) & I (e)
below
IS Needs Integrate findings from the SGIP updated accordingly MCA Zambia (SGA) 2013
Assessment feeds Institutional Strengthening Needs
into the SGIP Assessments in the SGIP during
its review & update
Implementation Make a presentation on Social & No. of people oriented on Social Inclusion & MCC/MCA Zambia 2013
workshop Gender Integration in the Gender Mainstreaming
Compact
Monthly site Conduct monthly site meetings Site meeting reports MCA Zambia 2014 -
Meetings with Contractors (SGA)/FIDIC 2018
3Integrate SGA in infrastructure designs, RAP, ESIAs, ESMP, ESMS, TORs, Contracts, M & E, ESP, Infrastructure, Innovation Grant, Finance, Procurement and
Communication & Outreach

Expected
Date
Engineer/Program
GBV in water & Conduct WASH related No. of households experiencing and reporting MCAZ/IEs 2014 -
sanitation community workshops on GBV - water and sanitation related GBV, No. of 2017
water and sanitation related topics workshops per area per year and No. of people
trained in GBV related to water and sanitation
International and Participate in conferences, No. of networking events, MCA Zambia MCA Zambia (SGA, 2014 -
National Water meetings, exchange visits, paper visibility increased, new experiences used to IEs) 2017
and Sanitationpresentations, Radio and review the SGIP
networking Television interviews and
documentaries to share and learn
new experiences
Documentation of Develop SGA success stories for Stories and results documented in magazines, MCA Zambia 2013 -
SGA success the MCA Zambia and MCC newspapers, newsletters, SADC Gender (SGA)/IEs, IS & IEC 2018
stories Newsletters, local newspapers Barometer, etc TA Consultants
and any other magazines, reports,
SADC Gender Barometer
Mitigation SGA Mitigate foreseen/unforeseen Risks are identified and mitigated MCA Zambia, FIDIC 2013 -
Risks SGA risks during implementation Engineer/Program 2018
Management Supervisor,
IEs, IS & IEC TAs
Quarterly Conduct Quarterly Reviews of the Gaps are mitigated, lessons learned are shared MCA Zambia (SGA, M 2012 -
Reviews of SGIP implementation of the SGIP with IEs & used to review SGIP & E), FIDIC 2017
implementation Engineer/Program
LWSC & LCC
Sector Specific Activities
I (b) Infrastructure Development
Linkages between Ensure that Contractors 30% women employment target met during FIDIC Engineer/Program 2014 -
FIDIC Engineer / implement, report and raise construction Management Supervisor, 2017
Program awareness on 30% target for MCA Zambia (SGA, ID)
Management women employment

Expected
Date
Supervisor and
SGA sector
Social and Integrate SGA objectives and Contractor documents reflect SGA objectives Contractors, SGA 2013 -
Gender concerns into construction related and concerns; construction processes mitigate Manager for FIDIC 2018
integration in documents risks and promote opportunities Engineer/Program
infrastructure Management Supervisor,
development MCA Zambia
Orientation for Conduct Social & Gender Contractors have full understanding and comply MCAZ (SGA)/FIDIC 2014 -
Contractors Integration Orientation for all with SGA requirements in construction Engineer/Program 2015
Contractors and sub-contractors Management Supervisor
Trafficking in Ensure TIP Zero Tolerance Policy Zero TIP tolerance complied with by all SGA Manager for FIDIC 2013 -
persons (TIP) is developed, implemented, Contractors Engineer/Program 2018
monitored and reported on by Management Supervisor;
Contractors and Sub-Contractors Contractors, MCA
Zambia
Sexual Contractors adhere to MCA Zero tolerance on sexual harassment SGA Manager for FIDIC 2013 -
Harassment Zambia sexual harassment policy Engineer/Program 2018
or develop their own and Management Supervisor;
implement it to ensure that there Contractors, MCA
is incident free and a reporting Zambia
plan that provides guidelines on
implementation (e.g. education of
employees)
Communication Conduct communication and Community beneficiaries are aware of project MCA Zambia/IEs, 2013 -
and outreach outreach meetings to educate activities and give feedback on their concerns Infrastructure sector, 2018
meetings beneficiaries on construction and opportunities SGA Manager for FIDIC
activities within their Engineer/Program
communities and receive Management Supervisor
feedback regarding their concerns
and opportunities during
construction & exchange visits
with project beneficiaries

Expected
Date
I (c) Environment & Social Performance

Social and Provide SGA input in Public Public consultation reports bring out SGA MCA/ESP) 2013
Gender Consultations concerns and opportunities MCA/SGA
Integration in
(ESIAs, ESMPs,
HSMPs, ESMS,
RAPS & any as well as review &  ESIAs/ESMPs/HSMPs/ESMS and RAPs MCA Zambia (SGA),
other ESP implementation of ESIAs, include SGA references & recommendations RIC, ESP 2014-2018
documents ESMPs, ESMS, & RAPS4  Grievance mechanism supports
vulnerable groups and provides mechanisms for
compensation funds to be utilized according to
household needs, and equal opportunities have
been promoted
Participate in review & approval Social and gender opportunities during
MCA Zambia (SGA, 2013 -
of site specific ESMPs & construction are identified and used to maximize
ESP)/SGA Manager for 2014
HSMPs5 and ongoing oversight of benefits and reduce health and safety risks,
FIDIC
implementation of SGA aspects temporary employment created, 30%
Engineer/Program
employment target for women and labor related
matters considered /IEs
Provide Social & Gender input in RAP implementation incorporates SGA
MCA Zambia/ SGA 2013 -
the RAP implementation, RAP concerns, Livelihoods are restored, No. of
Manager for FIDIC 2017
Completion Audit & Livelihood households displaced permanently and
Engineer/Program
Restoration Plan implementation temporary are monitored and impact mitigated
/RAP Implementing
Consultant, IEs
Provide Social and Gender input ESMP related Training integrates SGA Contractors/ SGA 2014 –
in ESMPs related training components, SGA components are integrated Manager for FIDIC 2018
including HIV/AIDS and reported Engineer/Program
4Taking into consideration the vulnerable groups utilization of compensation funds, grievance mechanism, nondiscrimination and equal opportunities
5Monitor 30% women employment target, equal pay for equal work, mitigate sexual harassment and abuse, HIV/AIDS, human trafficking, child labor, forced labor
and ensure crossing/access points, health and safety for men and women of different age and social groups including children

Expected
Date
I (d) Innovation Grant Program
Innovation Grant Coordinate with the IGPM to The Innovation Grant selection criteria and MCAZ/IEs/IGPM 2013 -
selection Criteria provide SGA input in the manual supports projects that integrate social 2014
Innovation Grant selection criteria and gender and creates employment for the poor
and Grants manual and vulnerable communities and households
Innovation Grant Coordinate with IGPM to provide Themes & calls for proposals address types of MCA Z (SGA)/IGPM 2014 -
theme Social and Gender input into the projects that address the needs of women and 2017
development development of themes and men of different age and social groups including
language for the Innovation Grant those developed during the SGA due diligence
calls for proposals phase that became likely themes for the IGP.
Women and men Coordinate with SGA Specialist All women and men of different age and social MCA Z/IGPM/IEs 2014 -
of different age in the IGPM to identify projects groups participate and benefit from the IGP. 2017
and social groups that benefit women/men of
participate in different age and social groups to
Innovation Grant ensure participation by these
groups and to monitor
implementation of the selection
process vis-à-vis SGA criteria.
Capacity Provide social and gender related Women and men of different age and social MCA Z SGA/IGPM 2014 -
Development support on water and sanitation groups participate in Innovation Grant trainings, 2018
related to innovation related capacity increased incomes and innovative
Innovation Grant development activities that are knowledge/skills for vulnerable groups
selected for grants
Social and Conduct social and gender No. of grantees disaggregated by gender, age MCA 2014 -
Gender assessments of projects funded and vulnerability. Assessment of benefit to Zambia/IGPM/SGA 2018
assessments of under innovation grant to identify women and vulnerable groups
projects funded socio-economic benefits

Expected
Date
under the Document the challenges and Challenges and benefits are compiled and MCA Zambia 2015 -
Innovation Grant benefits of Innovation Grant shared with Innovation Grant to improve the SGA/IGPM 2018
disaggregated by gender, age and grant making process
vulnerability
I (e) Monitoring and Evaluations and Economics Sector

SGA integration Reflect SGA objectives and SGA outcomes are monitored and evaluated, MCAZ/IEs/ 2014 -
in M&E activity goals in M&E framework sex-disaggregated data are available FIDIC 2018
6
Engineer/Program
6 Including questions, indicators, surveys, monitoring tools such as the Indicator Tracking Table

Expected
Date
SGA input into SGA supports development of SGA outcomes are monitored and evaluated, MCA Zambia (SGA, M 2014 -
assessments and assessments/surveys and reviews sex-disaggregated data are available, questions & E)/IEs 2017
surveys instruments and indicators reflect SGA activities and
objectives
SGA integration SGA works with M&E to Innovation grant evaluations address social and MCA Zambia (SGA, M 2013 -
in M&E for the integrate SGA objectives and gender priorities & E)/IEs 2014
Innovation Grant concerns into Innovation Grant
evaluations
Qualitative Design and implement qualitative SGA Institutional Strengthening activities are MCA Zambia (SGA, M 2014 -
methods are methods or assessments as monitored and evaluated; survey results are & E)/IEs 2017
designed and appropriate to monitor and explained so that lessons can be learned
used in M&E evaluate IS & IEC, and to explain
quantitative survey findings
SGA integration SGA objectives and activity goals SGA outcomes are monitored and evaluated, MCA Zambia (SGA, M 2014 -
in M&E Plan and and outcomes are reflected in sex-disaggregated data are available & E)/IEs 2017
updates M&E framework, questions,
indicators, disaggregation,
surveys, and other special studies
II. Institutional Strengthening – IS (Social Inclusion and Gender Mainstreaming Activity)
Institutional Procure a Consultant to conduct Institutional Strengthening (IS) Needs MCA Zambia (SGA and 2013
Strengthening an Institutional Strengthening Assessment conducted and TORs developed Procurement)
Needs Needs Assessment
Assessment & Procure a Social and Gender Social and Gender Institutional Strengthening MCA Zambia (SGA and 2013 -
Procurement of Institutional Strengthening TA contract is signed Procurement) 2014
Social & Gender (including IEC support) TA
Institutional Consultant
Strengthening
and IEC support Oversee a Social and Gender Detailed strategies, Operational Procedures and IEC and Social and 2014
TA for LWSC Institutional Strengthening and Budgets (separate for LWSC and LCC) are Gender IS TA
and LCC IEC support TA contracts for developed and implemented accordingly Consultant, MCA
LWSC and LCC Zambia (SGA), LCC,
LWSC

Expected
Date
SGA related Conduct training and awareness MCA Zambia staff, IEs, contractors, IEC and Social and 2013-2017
Capacity workshops/meetings for stakeholders and beneficiaries are trained on Gender IS TA
Building Contractors, MCA Zambia, IEs, social and gender integration Consultant
stakeholders and beneficiaries on
Social and Gender Integration
Evaluation of the Conduct two evaluations; Mid Documentation of lessons learnt, feedback into External Consultant 2016 and
Social and Term and end of Contract TA implementation, best practices, challenges 2018
Gender IS TA for evaluation of the Social and and achievements
LCC and LWSC Gender Institutional
Strengthening TA for LCC and
LWSC
Evaluation of the Conduct two evaluations; Mid lessons learnt and best practices documented, External Consultant 2016 and
IEC TA Term and end of Contract feedback into TA implementation, challenges 2018
evaluation of the IEC TA identified/mitigated
II a) Support to LWSC7
Institutional Develop & implement detailed Detailed Annual Action Plans & Operational IEC and Social and 2014 -
Strengthening Annual Social & Gender Procedures (separate for LWSC) are developed Gender IS TA 2018
Instruments Integration IS & IEC Action & implemented Consultant
Plans & Operational Procedures
Conduct annual assessments &
Assessments are conducted annually & TA TA (LWSC/MCA Z 2014 -
Review TA Action Plan Action Plan is reviewed incorporating results SGA participate) 2018
from the assessments
Strategies and Design, develop and implement Strategies and Training Manuals are in place IEC and Social and 2014 -
Training Manuals strategies and Training Manuals Gender IS TA 2018
for all trainings Consultant
Social and Review & update the Draft Social LWSC has adopted a Social and Gender IEC and Social and 2014
Gender Capacity & Gender Mainstreaming Policy Mainstreaming Policy Gender IS TA
Strengthening for LWSC Consultant
/LWSC/MGCD
7 The Social Inclusion and Gender Mainstreaming Institutional Strengthening TA Activities for LWSC will be updated after the TA TORs are finalized

Expected
Date
Implement the SGIP in The Social and Gender Mainstreaming Policy is IEC and Social and 2014 -
accordance with the provisions of a guide in the implementation of the SGIP Gender IS TA 2018
the Social and Gender Integration Consultant /LWSC
Policy
Provide support for the Improved LWSC policies, planning, staffing IEC and Social and –2014 -
development & implementation and budgets to address social and gender Gender IS TA 2018
of policies, planning, staffing, and inclusion Consultant /LWSC
budgets to achieve the objectives
of social and gender inclusion in
the short (project), medium and
long term, with a focus on
affordability and sustainability of
services for the poor; and on
social analysis and community
participation to design and
maintain appropriate services.
Develop capacity for LWSC to LWSC’s Social and Gender Strategy and Policy IEC and Social and 2014 –
review, implement the Social and are developed and implemented Gender IS TA 2018
Gender Mainstreaming Policy Consultant /LWSC
LWSC & Develop a reporting system & Reporting system that feeds into the National IEC and Social and 2014 -
Ministry of capacity for LWSC to report on reports through Ministry of Gender & Child Gender IS TA 2016
Gender & Child gender mainstreaming and social Development is developed. Capacity to report is Consultant, LWSC
Development & inclusion in WASH projects developed
IE linkages linking them to MGCD
Baseline data: Review and monitor The criteria for determining eligibility for IEC and Social and 2013 -
eligibility for implementation of SCAP support, level of support and modality integrates Gender IS TA 2017
support & especially as related to social and gender issues. Eligible groups are Consultant /LWSC and
targeting determining eligibility for support identified and supported and number of MCA Z (SGA, M & E)
mechanism for and level/mode of support connections to water and sanitation services MGCD
SCAP increased
Operational Integrate Social and Gender The fund is sustainable and benefits poor IEC and Social and 2014 -
procedures for the concerns in the development & households and takes into account MCA Gender IS TA 2017
GRZ SCAP Review of operational procedures Zambia’s SGIP requirements Consultant, MCA

Expected
Date
Sanitation Fund for the GRZ SCAP Sanitation Zambia (SGA,
Fund Innovation Grant, M &
E)/ LWSC
LWSC support on Build capacity of LWSC for LWSC capacity to implement the SCAP is IEC and Social and 2014 -
SCAP SCAP planning for beneficiary created and that capacity if sustained in the long Gender IS TA 2018
implementation identification, financing and term. Consultant
& planning for administration to support social
future sanitation assistance for ongoing, long-term
investments sanitation investments.
Poverty, Conduct a Poverty/gender Assessment results are shared IEC and Social and 2014
Vulnerability and Vulnerability assessment8 Gender IS TA
Gender Analysis Consultant /LWSC
Integrate gender, poverty and Vulnerability mitigation interventions are IEC and Social and 2014
vulnerability in Institutional designed and implemented. Vulnerable Gender IS TA
Strengthening TA strategy and households have access to clean water and Consultant /LWSC
LWSC service provision policies sanitation facilities and are able and willing to
pay for water and sewer connections. Time spent
to gather water is reduced.
IEC Capacity Build capacity in LWSC to LWSC is able to systematically carry out IEC as IEC and Social and 2014-2018
strengthening systematically design, undertake needed Gender IS TA
and/or contract out IEC priorities Consultant,
and responsibilities
Site Meetings Participate in monthly site Weekly site meetings are held/reports available MCA Zambia/FIDIC 2014 -
meetings with Contractors Engineer/Program 2018
8This will be done using secondary sources, analysis of existing datasets, and supplementary qualitative fieldwork as needed, to assess extent, nature and location of
poverty and vulnerability in peri-urban Lusaka with respect to water and sanitation access, ability and willingness to pay. It will also build capacity of LWSC to conduct
or contract this kind of analysis as part of its planning process

Expected
Date
Landlord/tenant Assess prospective and Identified issues integrated in the Institutional IEC and Social and 2013 -
relations afterretrospective landlord/tenant Strengthening Strategy; tenants have access to Gender IS TA 2018
connection torelationship after connection to new toilets and water connections; trend/issues Consultant /IEs, MCA
water and sewer water and sewer network and related to households’ inability to pay rent as a Zambia (SGA, M & E,
network implement landlord/tenant result of increase in properly are assessed Innovation Grant)
relationship awareness activities9
Management of Conduct an assessment on SGA issues around water points management are IEC and Social and 2014
current water management of current water identified, benefits (including utilization of Gender IS TA
point systems point systems10 income) and challenges are identified, possible Consultant , LWSC,
(water kiosks, options for public water points are put in place WDCs
Trusts) & future Engage communities on siting of Constructed water kiosks are functional, time LWSC, MCA Zambia 2013 -
arrangements water kiosks and monitor spent to gather water is reduced, infrastructure is SGA 2014
after household construction consistent with approved infrastructure designs
connections Assess number of households Number of households using water kiosks IEC and Social and 2015 -
using water kiosks despite access despite individual connections are identified and Gender IS TA 2018
to individual connections mitigation measures put in place to ensure access Consultant LWSC,
MCA Zambia SGA
Develop and secure Where there are house connections, stakeholders IEC and Social and 2014 -
implementation of a strategy to are engaged on arrangements for water kiosks Gender IS TA 2016
address water kiosks and Water and Water Trusts. Decisions are made on Consultant, LWSC,
Trusts management options in whether to decommission these water points or WDCs
places where there will be house not and impact of decommissioning assessed.
water connections, and to Improvements are made to the structure of the
improve the overall structure of water trusts so that they are better managed in
the water trusts. meeting their goals.
LWSC has a policy on when and how water IEC & Social & Gender 2014 -
kiosks/trusts options are implemented IS TA Consultant , 2015
LWSC
9Assess if the poor are displaced due to hike in rentals caused by improvement of house units by sewer and water connections? Will tenants be excluded from using
new facilities – toilets and water? What are the current and future options, anticipated impacts of water supply and sanitation connections to new users?
10 include social and gender benefits of managing water kiosks, utilization of income from kiosks) and possible options for public water points (water kiosks & Trusts)
after house connections

Expected
Date
Sustainability of Develop and create capacity for Sustainability Plan and capacity to implement it IEC and Social and 2014 -
Social Inclusion implementing a Sustainability is developed Gender IS TA 2017
and Gender Plan for IS TA for LWSC Consultant , LWSC,
Mainstreaming IS MCA Zambia
TA
Bi- Annual Conduct Annual reviews of the Annual Audits conducted, lessons/best practices IEC and Social and 2014 -
Reviews of the IS Social Inclusion and Gender incorporated in the TA annual plans Gender IS TA 2018
Action Plan Mainstreaming IS TA Action Consultant, MCA
Plan for LWSC Zambia, LWSC
II b) Support to LCC11
Develop Develop and implement detailed Detailed Annual Action Plans, Operational IEC and Social and 2014 -
Institutional Annual Social and Gender Procedures and Budgets (separate for LCC) are Gender IS TA 2018
Strengthening Integration IS (including IEC developed and implemented Consultant
Instruments support) Action Plans &
Operational Procedures
Conduct annual assessments and Assessments conducted annually and TA Action IEC and Social and 2014 -
Review TA Action Plan Plan is reviewed incorporating results from the Gender IS TA 2018
assessments Consultant (LCC/MCA
Z SGA participate)
for all trainings Consultants
Social and Review & update the Draft Social LCC has adopted a Social and Gender IEC and Social and 2014
Gender & Gender Mainstreaming Policy Mainstreaming Policy Gender IS TA
Mainstreaming for LCC Consultant /LCC/MGCD
Policy Implement the SGIP in The Social and Gender Mainstreaming Policy is IEC and Social and 2014 -
accordance with the provisions of implemented Gender IS TA 2018
11 The Social Inclusion and Gender Mainstreaming Institutional Strengthening TA Activities for LCC will be updated after the TA TORs are finalized

Expected
Date
the Social and Gender Integration Consultant /LCC
Policy
Provide support for the Improved LCC policies, planning, staffing and IEC and Social and 2014 -
development and implementation budgets to address social and gender inclusion Gender IS TA 2018
of policies, planning, staffing, and Consultant /LCC
budgets to achieve the objectives
of social and gender inclusion in
the short (project), medium and
long term, with a focus on
affordability and sustainability of
solid waste management and
drainage services for the poor;
and on social analysis and
community participation to
design and maintain appropriate
services
Develop capacity for LCC to LCC’s Social and Gender integration Strategy IEC and Social and 2014 –
review and implement the Social and Policy are developed and implemented Gender IS TA 2018
and Gender Mainstreaming Consultant /LCC
Policy
LCC and Develop a reporting system and Reporting system that feeds into the National IEC and Social and 2014 -
Ministry of provide capacity for LCC to reports through MGCD is developed. Capacity Gender IS TA 2016
Gender and Child report on implementation of to report is developed Consultant , LCC
Development gender mainstreaming and social
Reporting inclusion in WASH projects
Linkages linking them to MGCD
Landlord/tenant Assess prospective and Strategies developed & implemented around IEC and Social and 2013 -
relationship retrospective landlord/tenant landlord/tenant & tenant/tenant rights & Gender IS TA 2018

Expected
Date
relationship related to solid waste responsibilities; related to solid
waste Consultant /IEs, M & E,
management12 management MCA Z (SGA,
Innovation Grant, ESP)
Identification of Conduct an assessment of Conditions that led to poor solid waste IEC and Social and 2014
social and gender conditions that led to poor solid management, blockage of drains, efforts and Gender IS TA
related conditions waste management, blockage of reasons for failure identified Consultant /LCC
that led to poor drains, efforts to solve the
waste problem and reasons for failure
management, Action plan to mitigate findings on conditions IEC and Social and 2014 -
blockage of Develop, review and implement that led to poor solid waste management Gender IS TA 2018
drains, efforts to LCC action plans and procedures developed and implemented Consultant /MCA
solve the problem for solid waste and drainage Zambia/LCC
and reason(s) for management 13 Procedures for solid waste and contract IEC and Social and 2014 -
failure management developed and implemented Gender IS TA 2018
Consultant /LCC
Develop LCC’s capacity, LCC’s capacity, system for works and service IEC and Social and 2014 -
incentives, managing works and contract management staffing and planning are Gender IS TA 2018
service Contractors, staffing and put in place Consultant /LCC
budgeting for solid waste and
drainage management
Poverty, Conduct a Poverty, Vulnerability Gender, poverty and vulnerability mitigation IEC and Social and 2014
Vulnerability and and Gender risk analysis14 interventions are designed and incorporated in Gender IS TA
Gender Analysis TA strategies and vulnerable groups able to Consultant /LCC
access and are willing to pay for solid waste
management services. Results are integrated into
necessary policy, planning, and budget
12
Assess tenant/landlord relationship in terms of cost sharing for solid waste management, obligations of landlords/tenants related to solid
waste management, current and potential future situation and possible options?
13Action Plans incorporate poor household affordability concerns
14Including ability to access and willingness to pay for solid waste collection to assess extent, nature and location of poverty and vulnerability in peri-
urban Lusaka with respect to Solid waste management (pricing options and targeting goals and mechanisms)

Expected
Date
documents of LCC
IEC Capacity Build capacity in LCC to LCC is able to systematically carry out IEC as IEC and Social and 2014-2018
strengthening systematically design, undertake needed Gender IS TA
and contract out IEC priorities Consultant
and responsibilities related to
drainage and solid waste
management
Sustainability: Develop and create capacity for Sustainability Plan and capacity to implement it IEC and Social and 2014 -
Social & Gender implementing a Sustainability is developed Gender IS TA 2017
Mainstreaming Plan for IS TA for LCC Consultant
TA
Bi- Annual Conduct Annual reviews of the Annual Audits conducted, lessons/best practices IEC and Social and 2014 -
Reviews of the IS Social Inclusion and Gender incorporated in the TA annual plans Gender IS TA 2018
Action Plan Mainstreaming IS TA Action Consultant, MCA
Plan for LCC Zambia, LCC
II (c) Information, Education and Communication15
TA for Broader Define, implement and Develop IEC TORs developed MCA Zambia (SGA) 2013 -
IEC (including process for developing TORs for Innovation Grant, M & 2014
LWSC and LCC IEC TA for LWSC and LCC, as E, ESP)
IEC specific part of broader IEC contract
support) Negotiate contracts TA contract for IEC procured MCA Zambia (SGA, 2013 -
Procurement) 2014
Conduct IEC Needs Assessment  Needs assessment conducted to IEC and Social and 2014 -
determine best approach, methodology Gender IS TA 2015
and content for IEC activity Consultant
 Needs Assessment Report with gaps and
recommendations
15 The IEC TA Activities will be updated after the TA TORs are finalized

Expected
Date
Oversee IEC TA contract Priorities for broader IEC are identified
Priorities for supporting LWSC and LCC are IEC and Social and 2014
identified Gender IS TA
Consultant
Detailed broader IEC Strategy procedures and IEC and Social and 2014
budgeting to implement identified priorities are Gender IS TA
developed Consultant
IEC is implemented, reduction in No. of water IEC and Social and 2014 -
borne diseases, increase in number of people Gender IS TA 2018
trained in hygiene and sanitary best practices, Consultant
No. of households with garbage disposal system
& practicing safe hygiene
Strategy and procedures for IEC implemented IEC and Social and 2014-2016
Gender IS TA
Consultant, LWSC, LCC
Conduct Cleanest community, Awards given to cleanest community, market, IEC and Social and 2015 -
market, school awards school, clinic etc, evident clean environment Gender IS TA 2018
Consultant /MCA
Zambia
Develop and annually review IEC IEC Institutional Strengthening TA Strategy are IEC and Social and 2014 -
Institutional Strengthening TA reviewed Gender IS TA 2018
Action Plans Consultant/MCA
Zambia, IEs
Public Health Act Popularize the Public Health Act Public Health Act popularized and incidence of IEC IS TA Consultant/ 2014 -
– stakeholders and Communities water borne diseases is reduced. Increase in No. IEs 2018
of people trained in hygiene & sanitary best
practices, No. of households with garbage
disposal system and practicing safe hygiene
IEC Capacity Assess needs, develop strategies LWSC is able to design, undertake, and/or IEC and Social and 2014-2018
strengthening for for designing and overseeing contract out IEC activities to affect behavior Gender IS TA

Expected
Date
LWSC systematic IEC related to water change related to water and sanitation. Improved Consultant
and sanitation work perception on water and sanitation infrastructure
related to thefts and vandalism, increase in
community reporting on number of pipe breaks,
leakages and illegal connections
for all trainings Consultant
IEC Capacity Assess needs, develop strategies LCC is able to design and implement IEC IEC & Social and 2014-2018
strengthening for for designing and overseeing IEC activities to affect behavior change related to Gender IS TA
LCC related to drainage & solid waste drainage and solid waste management. Reduced Consultant
management drainage blockages, increased number of
households owning solid waste bins and
practicing safe hygiene
Capacity for Conduct water supply, sanitation Beneficiaries are trained and are aware of IEC and Social and 2014 -
target and solid waste related IEC, 16 negative impact of social ills on unhealthy Gender IS TA 2018
beneficiaries surroundings, drainage maintenance, and Consultant, IEs
sustainable utilization of water and sanitation
facilities, reduction in water-borne disease
incidences, drainage blockages, improved
perception on water, sanitation and drainage
vandalism and theft
Capacity for Conduct targeted training for Increased awareness and visibility of projects, IEC and Social and 2014 -
target targeted beneficiaries on asset improved perception on vandalism and thefts Gender IS TA 2018
beneficiaries protection and care related to water and sanitation, increased No. of Consultant, IEs
pipe breaks and leaks reported and fixed,
reduced No. of illegal connections
Community Broad campaign to address Broad campaign designed and implemented to LCC, LWSC, IEC and 2014-2018
health and water, sanitation and drainage address water, sanitation and drainage related Social and Gender IS
hygiene IEC needs IEC needs in households and communities. TA Consultant
Increased number of people trained in hygiene
16Including water and sanitation utilization and costs, the increasing block tariff structure and quantity of water in the first block, solid waste management, reporting
vandalism/leakages, cost increment and sharing, benefits for connecting, impact of vandalism and illegal connections etc

Expected
Date
and sanitary best practices, increased number of
households practicing safe hygiene and use a
garbage disposal system
Sustainability of Develop an IEC Sustainability Broader IEC messaging Sustainability Plan in IEC and Social and 2014 -
IEC TA Plan and create capacity for place for IEs, line Ministries17 and other Gender IS TA 2017
implementing it within IEs stakeholders to implement it Consultant, LWSC, line
Ministries, other
stakeholders
Bi- Annual Conduct Annual reviews of IEC Annual Audits conducted, gaps incorporated in IEC and Social and 2014 -
Reviews of the TA Action Plans the TA annual plans Gender IS TA 2018
IEC Action Plans Consultant, MCA
Zambia, IEs
17 Line Ministries are; Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health

Notes to the SGIP Action Plan
 Action Plans for IEC will be developed by TA in compliance with the LWSC Peri-
Urban’s Sanitation and Marketing Hygiene Promotion Strategy and support SCAP
implementation
 Additional activities to fall under IEC are: education against disposing waste and wrong
products in toilets/sewer pipes, building or placing utilities on top of drains and or water
pipes, reporting leakages and vandalism, increasing uptake for water and sanitation
services provided. Others are hygiene promotion at a household level. This will include
coordinating with Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor (WSUP) in implementing
health and hygiene messaging. Innovation Grant activities specific will be coordinated
with the SGA activities. Further, knowledge exchange visits, annual competitions around
water and sanitation – creation of demo-clean residence and refresher training for
households, CBOs, community monitoring teams will be conducted.

8.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
MCA Zambia’s focus on results makes Monitoring and Evaluation (M & E) an integral part of
both the project development and implementation processes. The MCA Zambia M and E Plan
with well-defined and measurable indicators has been developed using a participatory process
cutting across all sectors, including SGA. The development process included wide consultations
with stakeholders such as the IEs, government, NGOs and beneficiaries.
8.1 Social and Gender Assessment Indicators
The overall MCA Zambia M and E Plan incorporates social and gender indicators for reporting
outputs, outcomes and overall project impact. Table 4 below details specific SGA disaggregated
indicators. These are also reflected in the overall MCA Zambia M & E plan and reporting will
mirror that of the overall MCA Zambia’s reporting requirements. SGA activities will be reported
in the overall M & E quarterly reports as indicated in the “Responsible Party” column of table 4.
Each activity will be monitored using criteria that shows whether the activity is in progress,
completed, cancelled or removed from the SGIP through its review process.
Evaluation of the outcomes and impacts of the SGA will be threefold;
 Outcome monitoring and impact performance will be done by an external consultant

that will be hired by MCA Zambia M&E Sector. SGA will be integrated in the overall
evaluation framework of MCA Zambia,
 Special studies that focus on specific outcomes will also be conducted. These special
studies will be used to understand emerging social and gender issues as
implementation progresses. These studies will be conducted in collaboration with the
M and E sector. Potential studies that would be included are affordability to pay for
water and sanitation services, inter and intra-household dynamics as a result of water
and sanitation such as inability to pay for rentals after improvements, community
perceptions of new infrastructure, hygiene practices, and garbage disposal
mechanisms, among others. Both qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to
gather this data.
 Process evaluation that will look at how the SGIP has been implemented including
reasonableness of proposed activities and the extent to which these were achieved.
The process evaluation will also assess the model used to implement the SGIP. This
will include a mid-term evaluation for IEC and Institutional Strengthening TA which
will assess efficiency, effectiveness, impact, lessons learnt and sustainability.
In all these evaluations, surveys and assessments focus will be on learning and program
improvement and results will be used to inform these processes.
The SGIP will be referenced in tender documents, TORs and contracts for all contractors and
consultants as well as all the key documents throughout the implementation and closure stages.
The plan will be given to all contactors and consultants responsible for implementing particular
activities to ensure compliance with its requirements. The SGA sector will ensure that reports
from all contractors and consultants bring out gender disaggregated data consistent with the
requirements of the SGIP in compliance with the MCC Gender Policy, MCC Social and Gender

Integration Guidelines as well as the National Gender Policy and other policies as specified
under section 4.0. Participation and benefits for women, men, youth, children and all vulnerable
groups will be followed up and remedy will be provided where there are unintended results.
The Social and Gender Specialist for the Fidic Engineer/Programme Management Supervisor
will work hand in hand with contractors, institutional strengthening TA consultants, and other
consultants in collaboration with the MCA Zambia SGA sector to ensure project management of
the sector is as planned and integrated in the main MCA Zambia Compact implementation work
plan.
The SGIP and its implementation will jointly be reviewed annually by IEs, Fidic
Engineer/Programme Management Supervisor, TA Consultants, MCC and the MCA Zambia
Stakeholder Committee.
8.2 Social and Gender Assessment Project Logic
The logic diagram below shows the project logic for the two main SGA activities (Institutional
Strengthening and IEC). This logic is designed to fit into the overall project logic as specified in
the M&E Plan. The main relationships are described in a) and b) below:
a) Institutional Strengthening for Social Inclusion and Gender Mainstreaming: The

main input of this activity is capacity building for LWSC and LCC, which include, inter
alia, support for social inclusion and gender mainstreaming to improve policies,
planning, staffing and budgets to achieve a number of objectives that will improve the
reach and quality of service delivery to the poor.
These objectives include:
i) making water, sanitation and drainage services appropriate and responsive
to local conditions;
ii) increase service coverage for the poor;
iii) increase affordability for the poor; and
iv) increase sustainability of water and sanitation investments.
Inputs include, among other areas, systems for improved community consultations and
communications; pro-poor targeting for service investments and social assistance;
financial planning (including appropriate tariff and subsidy policies); planning for
household connections and water closets in poor areas. Additional information on inputs
is found earlier in this document. As indicated in the logic diagram below, the output is
Improved LWSC and LCC policies, planning, staffing and budgets to address social and
gender inclusion. Short term outcomes include improved, sustainable water and
sanitation service coverage, as more people receive services and are able to afford them.
As in the overall project logic, improved coverage leads to several medium and long-term
outcomes (SGA makes some additional assumptions about outcomes that are not in the
overall logic; for example, that improved sanitation will result in time savings for
women, if they no longer have to care for sick family members). Note that due to space
limitations the logic figure does not include long-term outcomes, which are included in
the overall project logic found in the MCA Zambia overall M&E Plan.

b) Information, Education, and Communications (IEC): The main inputs into this task to
build capacity of LWSC and LCC to identity and assess IEC needs, and to design and
oversee implementation of IEC activities (either directly or through contractors). IEC
during the compact will cover hygiene practices (personal and for sanitation facilities and
water storage; sanitation marketing to encourage uptake and sustainability of new
systems; costs of water and tariff structure, assistance available to increase adoption and
use of services, maintenance and care of facilities, disincentives for vandalism and illegal
connections, landlord-tenant rights and obligations, gender-based violence, and other
topics. The outputs are;
i) improved IEC capacity and IEC campaigns/activities delivered
ii) short-term outcomes include increased water and sanitation coverage
(through increases in uptake and physical and financial sustainability);
iii) improved hygiene practices; and reduced non-revenue water, and
iv) improved household waste management and cleaner drains
These lead to the many medium term and long term outcomes and impacts in the overall
project logic, including reduced disease prevalence, increased time savings, improved
financial sustainability of LWSC, avoided property damage and business losses.


Table 4: SGA-related disaggregation of indicators in the M & E Plan18
Indicator Indicator Sex Age Household Area Primary Responsible Party Reporting
Level Income Source of Data Frequency
Goal Average Household income X19 X X CDC Survey CDC Other

Output Temporary employment generated in water supply, X X X Contracts Fidic Quarterly
sanitation and drainage construction Engineer/Programme
Management
Supervisor
Output Length of water distribution network constructed X Engineers’ Fidic Quarterly
certificate Engineer/Programme
Management
Supervisor
Outcome Number of Connections X EDAMS LWSC Quarterly
Process Number of kiosks constructed X Engineers’ Fidic Quarterly

Management
Supervisor
Outcome Number of kiosks functional X Engineers’ Fidic Quarterly
Management
Supervisor
Outcome Number of water kiosks decommissioned 20 X Engineer LWSC Other
Certificate
Output Percentage of households unable to pay for water X X X X SGA Survey SGA/LWSC Other
supply & sanitation service bills after connections
Outcome Percentage of households experiencing water and X X X X SGA SGA Other
sanitation related gender based violence Household
Survey
Outcome Incidence of water borne diseases X X X X Household CDC Other
Survey
18“Disaggregation is still under discussion with M&E and thus this is not a final plan but rather an indication of all the relationships where social differences are relevant and
where it is hoped to be disaggregated”
19 Disaggregation will be for income generating activities and not expenditure
20 If decommissioning occurs, will require special study to determine impact on vulnerable households who are unable to connect

Outcome Time spent gathering water X X X X Household CDC Other

Survey
Outcome Access to improved water supply (% of households X X Household CDC Other
with access to clean and safe drinking water) Survey
Outcome Access to improved sanitation (% of households X X Household CDC Other
connected to improved sanitation) Survey
Output People trained in hygiene and sanitary best practices X X X Training Logs SGA/IEC TA Quarterly
Outcome % of households practicing safe hygiene X X Household CDC Other

Survey
Output No. of Outreach Meetings X Log SGA Quarterly
Sheet/Minutes
Outcome % households with garbage disposal system X X Household CDC Other

Survey
Outcome Residential water consumption per household X Household CDC Other
Survey
Outcome % of business closures due to flooding X Business CDC Other
Survey
Output Length of kms rehabilitated / constructed 21 X Engineers’ FIDIC Quarterly
Certificate Engineer/Program
Management
Supervisor
Outcome Reductions in Travel Time due to decrease in X X Survey CDC Other
flooding
Output No. of people trained in social and gender X X Training Logs SGA/IEC & IS TA Bi-Annual
integration
Output Number of Households displaced permanently X RIPs22 RIC23/ESP Quarterly
21 Water supply, sanitation pipes and drainage

22 Resettlement Implementation Reports
23 Resettlement Implementation Consultant

Output Number of households displaced temporary X RIPs RIC/ESP Quarterly
Outcome Number of households with restored Livelihood X RIPs RIC/ESP Quarterly
Outcome Number of businesses with restored livelihood X RIPs RIC/ESP Quarterly
Output Value of compensation for households X X RIPs RIC/ESP Quarterly
Output Value of compensation for businesses X RIRs24 RIC25/ESP Quarterly
Output Number of Business proposals received – X Log IGPM Quarterly

Innovation Grant
Output Number of Grantees X Contracts IGPM Quarterly
Output Value of Contracts signed with grantees X Contracts IGPM Quarterly
Output Number of beneficiaries of the individual grant X X IGPM Annual
Output Number of pipe breaks and leaks reported X EDAMS LWSC Bi-Annual
Output Number of pipe breaks and leaks fixed X EDAMS LWSC Bi-Annual
Outcome Level of theft and vandalism in the targeted X FGDs SGA Annual
communities
Output No. of illegal connections reported X EDAMS LWSC Bi-Annual
24 Resettlement Implementation Reports

25 Resettlement Implementation Consultant

9.0 SGIP COMMUNICATION
The SGIP implementation will be communicated in accordance with the overall MCA Zambia
Communication and Outreach Strategy and reporting through the Monitoring and Evaluation
Plan. The two components – IEC and social inclusion and gender mainstreaming activities shall
be implemented through the Institutional Strengthening TA and will be communicated through
monthly and quarterly reports according to MCA Zambia’s reporting requirements. More details
on sources of data and reporting frequency are provided in table 4. These will also be reported
through the M & E sector using the SGA indicators which also form part of the main M & E
sector indicators. Refer to section 8 for the specific indicators.
An IEC messaging strategy and tools will be developed by the IEC institutional strengthening
TA and will comply with branding guidelines as provided by MCA Zambia’s Communication
and Outreach Strategy.
Communication will be through reports, print and electronic media, workshops, meetings,
competitions, conferences, visual art and tours, etc and its impact will be monitored as specified
in section 8 above.
10.0 SGA BUDGET ITEMS
Table 5: SGA Budget items
No. Item
1 SGA integration in the Compact that includes selected assessments, travel, international events
and publications.
Information, Education and Communication (IEC) and Social and Gender Institutional
Strengthening (SGIS) Technical Assistance Consultancy for supporting LWSC & LCC (this
2 includes broader messaging)
3 Mid and End term reviews for Technical Assistance Consultancy

11.0 MCA CAPACITY ASSESSMENT
From time to time training needs assessments will be conducted to assess social and gender
integration knowledge gaps and improvements within MCA Zambia and IEs, contractors and
consultants. The needs assessments will be conducted in order to develop targeted training for
closing the identified knowledge and information gaps to create increased awareness and value
for social inclusion and gender mainstreaming. MCA Zambia staff will be trained in social
inclusion and gender mainstreaming while IEC and Social and Gender Institutional
Strengthening TA will support IEs in building this capacity. This is in order to ensure
sustainability of actions implemented during the Compact implementation period.
Feedback from M and E will also be used to inform the MCA Zambia capacity assessment
process where social and gender institutional strengthening through targeted training will be
conducted to ensure that participants acquire practical social and gender integration and analysis
skills. This will further mitigate and curb misconceptions around the concept of gender
mainstreaming to bring out the deep gender and social assessment and analysis in Compact
implementation and closure period.
Annual SGIP reviews and management plans will include specific training activities and
assessments for MCA Zambia staff, IEs, communities, contractors and consultants.

12.0 SGIP REVIEW AND UPDATE PROCESS
The SGIP will be updated annually to ensure that implementation of the plan is in line with the
social and gender integration guidelines and milestones. During implementation of the plan, new
opportunities, challenges, gaps and budgetary implications may surface and the annual review
process will incorporate these dynamics as well as issues identified through the quarterly
implementation review processes to ensure that intended results are achieved.
From the date of the SGIP’s approval, the review time lines are as follows;
 November 2014 – First update

 November 2015 – Second update
 November 2016 – Third update
 November 2017 – Fourth update
 August 2018 – Fifth Update
MCA Zambia will form a Stakeholder Committee which will participate in reviewing and
updating the SGIP as stipulated in the timelines above. In line with the 5 – year SGIP, the SGIP
review process will include development of an Annual Management Plan at the end of each year.
The IEs, Fidic Engineer/Programme Management Supervisor and TA Consultant will participate
in this process which is meant to review, identify and incorporate gaps and progress in meeting
the intended social and gender integration results. This will be conducted in collaboration with
MCC SGA sector and will require approval from MCC and the MCA-Zambia Board. In cases
where additional consultations with MCC, MCA Zambia IEs and targeted populations will be
required, the type and timing of such will be proposed and communicated.

REFERENCES
Laws of Zambia
GRZ. 2008. Anti-Human Trafficking Act No. 11. Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 1995, Chapter 295. Public Health Act (Drainage and Latrine Act). Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 2006. Citizens Economic and Empowerment Act. Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 2011a. Education Act. Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 2004. Employment and Labor Relations Act. Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 2010. Occupational Health and Safety Act. Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 2013a. Millennium Challenge Account Act: Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 2013b. Millennium Challenge Account Act. Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 2002. The National HIV/AIDs/STI/TB Council Act. Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 1996. Constitution of the Republic of Zambia. Lusaka: Zambia
Policy Documents
GRZ. 2003. National Cultural Policy. Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 2000. National Gender Policy. Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. National Health Policy. Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 1994. National Water Policy. Lusaka: Zambia
MCA-Zambia Documents
GRZ. 2011a. LWSSD Project Definition MCA Zambia Targets
GRZ 2011b. Water Supply Investment Master Plans
GRZ. 2011c. Water Supply Investment Master Plans
MCA - Zambia. 2013. 90% Drainage Infrastructure Designs MCA Zambia
MCA – Zambia. 2013. M & E Plan
MCA - Zambia.2013. 90% Sanitation Infrastructure Designs
MCA - Zambia.2013. 90% Sanitation ESIAs/ESMPs

MCA - Zambia. 2013. 90 % Water Supply ESIAs/ESMPs
MCA – Zambia. 2013. 90% water Supply Infrastructure Designs (2013)
MCA Zambia; CSO Baseline Survey for Mtendere (2013)
MCC. 2011. Gender Integration Guidelines and MCC Gender Policy
Other References
Bwalya K.P., Chiwele D., Siyunyi D., Cheelo C., Harris C., & White E. 2010. An Analysis of Constraints
to Inclusive Growth in Zambia, Millennium Challenge Account Zambia). Lusaka: Zambia
International Human Rights Instruments – Fifth & Sixth Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) Report on Zambia
Gender Links. 2010. Susan Tolmay and Colleen L. Morna (eds.) Gender and Local Government in
Zambia DS Print Media. Johannesburg. South Africa
Gender Links. Colleen L. Morna & Loveness N. Nyakujarah (eds.). 2010. SADC Gender Protocol
Barometer Gender Links
GRZ. 2010. Annual Health Statistical Bulletin. Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 2010 Census Population and Housing Summary Report (June 2012)
GRZ. 2012. Child Protection System Mapping & Assessment Report: Ministry of Gender and Child
Development. Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 2007. Micro-Level Estimates of Poverty in Zambia (2007) Central Statistics Office Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 2010. National Plan of Action on Gender-Based Violence (NPA-GBV) 2010 – 2014). Lusaka:
Zambia
GRZ. 2011b. Sixth National Development Plan (SNDP) 2011 – 2015. Lusaka: Zambia
GRZ. 2009. Zambia Demographics and Health Survey 2007 CSO
Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report (2006 & 2010) Central Statistics Office, Lusaka, Zambia.
LWSC. 2011. Strategy Document: Sanitation Marketing and Hygiene Promotion Program for Peri-Urban
Areas of Lusaka. Lusaka: Zambia
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
NWASCO Urban and Peri-Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Report 2011/2012
Southern African Development Community (SADC) Protocol on Gender and Development (2008)
World Bank. 2012. IFC Performance Standards

PERSONS CONSULTED
List of Participants for the SGIP Feedback/input Meeting with IEs, Government &
Stakeholders (6th June 2013)
No. Name ORGANISATION DESIGNATION
1 Ernest Sibande NGOCC Capacity Building Coordinator
2 Nosiku L. Mulambia MCDMCH Snr. Social Welfare Officer
3 Mwiche S. Musabaila LWSC Acting Manager
4 Gilbert Chanda Plan International Gender Advisor
5 Teza Nampasa WASAZA Sociologist

6 Mwewa Katongo JICA Program Officer
7 Yunike Zulu Mutale Ministry of Gender and Child Gender Analyst
Development (MGCD)
8 Rudo Mooda WILSA M & E Officer
9 Rabecca C. Banda LCC Acting DHRA
10 Roy Mwandunga LCC Acting Deputy Director City Planning

11 Bernadette Kalunga LWSC CDO - PUW
12 Nora Chansa GIZ Snr. National Expert – Cross Cutting

13 Jenala Chipangu NGO Wash Forum Community Coordinator
14 Yvonne Mwandu Siyeni LWSC Manager Peri - Urban
15 Sichone Borniface LWSC CDO - PUS

16 Amos Besa LWSC CDO - PUW
17 Patricia Sikaala Ministry of Health Acting Assistant Director - Finance

18 Faides Nsofu Gender Links Country Manager
19 Audrey Daka LCC Intern - DPU
20 Mangiza Chirwa LCC Acting Assistant Deputy Director

Chongo Housing & Social Services – Peri-Urban
21 Brenda Mwalukanga LCC Socio-Economist Planner

List of Participants for the Social and Gender Situation Analysis Workshops to feed into the
SGIP development Process (6th, 7th, & 8th November 2012) and Other Meetings
NO. PERSONS ORGANISATION DESIGNATION

CONSULTED
1 John Mafuta Kamanga LCC LCC-CCDO
Gwen Mwenda WDC Treasurer

2
Michael K Kabungo LCC Acting Director City Planning-LCC
3
Rodah Bwalya WDC Treasurer
4
Mulenga Emmanuel WDC Chairperson
5
6 Mangiza Chongo LCC Acting Ass Director –Peri Urban- LCC
7 Dasto Changwe WDC Secretary
8 Bwalya A Mwenya Chainda WDC Secretary
Thomas Kaluba Mtendere WDC Treasurer

9
10 Agatha C Chilufya WDC WDC Chairperson
11 Agness Mwila LCC

12 Angustine Mwaba WDC WDC Vice Secretary
13 Nelly Mwanza WDC Acting Vice Chairperson
14 Chabala Chanda LCC Dep. Director Public Health-LCC
15 Christine S Chikwekwe LCC Community Development Officer-LCC
16 Tommy Siamuntu LCC Acting Chief Accountant-LCC
17 H Mulunda LCC Assistant PRM - LCC
18 Charles Mukupa LCC LCC
19 Lydia Chulu LCC LCC
20 Pamela Kasese Bwalya MCA Zambia Chief Executive Officer
21 Israel Banda MCA Zambia Deputy CEO-Operations MCA-Zambia
Patricia Palale MCA Zambia Deputy CEO-Administration MCA-Zambia

22


CONSULTED
John Kunda MCA Zambia Communication Director
23
Chipili Chikamba MCA Zambia Director Infrastructure
24
25 Mbulwe Mwimba MCA Zambia Director Innovation Grants
26 Brenda Kapika MCA Zambia Resettlement Officer
27 Linire Mulima MCA Zambia Legal Director
Pelekelo Chipango MCA Zambia ESP Director

28
29 Rudo C Mooba WILSA Programme Officer
30 Sara Longwe ZARD ZARD Member
31 Nora Chansa GIZ National Expert- Water Sector (Cross

Cutting Issues)
32 Joseph Pupe Water Aid
33 Raphael Chikwampu Zambia Land Alliance Program Officer
34 Rose Tembo NWASCO NWASCO Public Relations &

Communications Officer
35 Wiscot M. Mwanza Plan International Water and Sanitation Manager
36 Mwewa Katongo JICA Program Officer – Water Sector
37 Isabel Miyanda Ministry of Mines,

Energy and Water
Development
38 Josephine Mkandawire Yong Women Christian Program Coordinator
Association of Zambia
(YWCA)
39 Grace Mumba MLNREP MLNREP
40 Beatrice Hamusonde USAID Zambia Gender Advisor – USAID Zambia
41 Malama Munkonge USAID Zambia School Water Sanitation Hygiene (WASH)

Advisor
42 Oswel Katooka MLGH Acting Assistant Director, Water and

Sanitation
43 Selenia Matimelo MLGH Community Development Officer


CONSULTED
44 Hartman K Ngwale MLGH
45 Brian Mulambia Ministry of Health Chief Health promotions Officer
46 Flowlence Kabinga Ministry of Health Chief Environmental Health Officer
47 Catherine Care International Regional Director – Care International

Mwanamwambwa
48 Victor Muyeba Socio-Economist
49 C. Maseka Wash SNV Sector Wash SNV Sector Leader

Leader
50 Beatrice C Chibwe LWSC HPS -LWSC
51 Brenda Musonda LWSC HHRS –LWSC
52 Wycliff Kunda LWSC Senior Engineer - LWSC
53 Sylvia Kundwe LWSC PA/DE LWSC
54 Josephine Moono LWSC CDO-Sanitation LWSC
55 Mary Bukali LWSC Senior Engineer - LWSC
56 Ireen Mulenga LWSC Finance & Administration-LWSC
57 Mwiche S. Musabaila LWSC Branch Manager
58 Angela S Phiri LWSC Senior Engineer- LWSC
59 Rhodah M.. Mweemba Kanyama WDC Kanyama WD
60 Sichone Boniface WDC CDO WDC
61 Richard Mungonshi WDC Ward Dev. Committee Chairperson
62 Amos Besa WDC WDC CDO

DOCUMENT PREPARATION AND SUPPORT
SGIP Development
Matimba Phales Samboko - Director, MCA-Zambia Social & Gender

Prepared by
Mungule Assessment
Supported by Michelle Adato Director, MCC Social & Gender Assessment
Jane Tomlinson Consultant, MCC Social & Gender Assessment
Naomi Cassirer Consultant, MCC Social & Gender Assessment
Amaka Godfrey Consultant, MCC Social & Gender Assessment

MCA - Zambia Social and Gender Integration Plan

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MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE ACCOUNT ZAMBIA

SOCIAL AND GENDER ASSESSMENT SECTOR

SOCIAL & GENDER INTEGRATION PLAN

Document Title SOCIAL AND GENDER INTEGRATION PLAN

Document Approver MCC and MCA-Zambia Board

Document Revision History

Version Date Created/Updated Approved By Change Detail

Social & Gender Assessment Sector (SGA). Page i

2.0 COMPACT OVERVIEW ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

Social & Gender Assessment Sector (SGA). Page ii

7.0 SOCIAL & GENDER INTEGRATION ACTION PLAN ------------------------------ 41

Social & Gender Assessment Sector (SGA). Page iii

BOD Biological Oxygen Demand

CBD Central Business District

CBE Community Based Enterprise(s)

CBOs Community Based Organizations

CEEC Citizens Economic Empowerment Commission

CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against

CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation

CO Communication & Outreach

COS Communication & Outreach Strategy

CSO Central Statistics Office

CSPR Civil Society for Poverty Reduction

DMAs District Metered Areas

EIF Entry Into Force

ESIAs Environment & Social Impact Assessment

ESMP Environment & Social Management Plan

ESMS Environment & Social Management System

ESP Environment and Social Performance

FNDP Fifth National Development Plan

GBV Gender Based Violence

GIDD Gender in Development Department

GIZ German Society for International Cooperation

GRZ Government of the Republic of Zambia

HIV/AIDS Human Immune Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Social & Gender Assessment Sector (SGA). Page iv

HSMP Health and Safety Management Plan

IEC Information, Education and Communication

IEs Implementing Entities (IEs)

IFC International Finance Corporation

IGM Innovation Grant Manual

IGPM Innovation Grant Program Manager

ISNA Institutional Strengthening Needs Assessment

IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

LCC Lusaka City Council

LWSC Lusaka Water and Sewerage Company

LWSSDP Lusaka Water Supply, Sanitation and Drainage Project

MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation

MCDMCH Ministry of Community Development, Mother and Child Development

MDGs Millennium Development Goals

MGCD Ministry of Gender and Child Development

M&E Monitoring and Evaluation

MCA Millennium Challenge Account

MRR Maternal Mortality Ratios

NGOs Non Governmental Organization

NGOCC Non Governmental Organizations Coordinating Council

NRW Non Revenue Water

Social & Gender Assessment Sector (SGA). Page v

NWASCO National Water Supply and Sanitation Council

PSEP Private Sector Engagement Plan

RAP Resettlement (and Livelihood Restoration) Action Plan

SADC Southern African Development Community

SCAP Sanitation Connection Action Plan