LITERATURE MATRIX

Topic: Inventory

Number Author/Year Research Title

Effects Of Inventory Management Practices

On Organizations Operational
1 Baye, D. (2017)
Performances; The Case Of Ethiopian
Airlines.

Musau, E., Namusonge, The Effect of Inventory Management on

2 G., Makokha, E., & Organizational Performance Among Textile
Ngeno, J.C. (2017) Manufacturing Firms in Kenya
Routroy, S., & Evaluation of Inventory Performance for
3
Bhausaheb, N. A. (2010) Perishable Products Through Simulation.
Sahari, S., Tinggi, M., & Inventory management in Malaysian
4
Kadri, N. (2012) construction firms: impact on performance.

A study of inventory management

techniques applied by organized retailers'
Tripathi, P., & Tiwari, D.
5 and its effect on customer satisfaction and
(2014)
retailer's financial performance with special
reference to Bhopal and Indore City.

Relationship between inventory

Panigrahi, C. M. A.
6 management and profitability: An empirical
(2013)
analysis of Indian cement companies

STOCK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

AND SAFEGUARDING OF INVENTORY
Eminue, U.O., Titus,
7 SHRINKAGE IN LARGE-SCALE RETAIL
C.U., & Udo, L.O. (2019)
OUTLETS IN AKWA IBOM STATE,
NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL REVIEW.

Inventory Management Practices and

Operational Performance of Small and
8 Bett, K. (2018) Medium Enterprises in Kenya: a Study of
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers in Nairobi,
Kenya.
Inventory management by simulation
9 Githendu, D. (2008) analysis: a case study of Davis & Shirtliff
Company limited.
Inventory Management and Firm’s
Ganas, I., & Hyz, A.B. Performance During the Period of Financial
10
(2015) Constraints: An Empirical Analysis of SME
Sector in Greece.
Islam, S. S., Pulungan,
Inventory management efficiency analysis:
11 A. H., & Rochim, A.
A case study of an SME company.
(2019, December)
 THE KEY DEVELOPMENT TO ENHANCE
Sriyanalugsana, S., &
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT FOR A NEW
12 Suwantararangsri, K.
INSECT SNACK FOOD SME IN
(2020)
THAILAND.

Inventory control and valuation systems

Haribhai-Pitamber, H. U.,
13 among retail SMEs in a developing country:
& Dhurup, M. (2014).
An exploratory study.

Impact of just-in-time (JIT) inventory system

on efficiency, quality and flexibility among
14 Mazanai, M. (2012)
manufacturing sector, small and medium
enterprise (SMEs) in South Africa.

Effect of inventory management efficiency

Shin, S., Ennis, K. L., &
15 on profitability: Current evidence from the
Spurlin, W. P. (2015)
US manufacturing industry.

EFFECT OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL
16 Agu, O. (2016)
PERFORMANCE OF THE SELECTED
MANUFACTURING FIRMS Agu.
Lwiki, T., Ojera, P. B., The impact of inventory management
17 Mugenda, N. G., & practices on financial performance of sugar
Wachira, V. K. (2013) manufacturing firms in Kenya.
Reexamining the relationship between
Elsayed, K., & Wahba, inventory management and firm
18
H. (2016) performance: An organizational life cycle
perspective.
The effect of inventory management on firm
profitability and operating cash flows of
19 Mwangi, L. (2016)
Kenya Breweries Limited, beer distribution
firms in Nairobi county.

Inventory management in small and

20 Rajeev, N. (2008) medium enterprises. A study of machine
tool enterprises in Bangalore
Naliaka, V. W., & Role of inventory management on
21 Namusonge, G. S. competitive advantage among
(2015) manufacturing firms in Kenya: A case study
of Unga Group Limited.
The impact of efficient inventory
22 Prempeh, K. B. (2015) management on profitability: evidence from
selected manufacturing firms in Ghana.

Inventory management practices and

Nyabwanga, R. N., &
23 business performance for small-scale
Ojera, P. (2012)
enterprises in Kenya.
 The impact of effective inventory control
Ogbo, A. I., & Ukpere, management on organisational
24
W. I. (2014). performance: A study of 7up bottling
company nile mile enugu, nigeria.

The impact of inventory management

practice on firms’ competitiveness and
Atnafu, D., & Balda, A.
25 organizational performance: Empirical
(2018)
evidence from micro and small enterprises
in Ethiopia.

Inventory management system and

26 Imeokparia, L. (2013) performance of food and beverages
companies in Nigeria.
Munyao, R. M., Omulo, Role of Inventory Management Practices on
27 V. O., Mwithiga, M. W., & Performance of Production Department. A
Chepkulei, B. (2015). Case of Manufacturing Firms.
Empirical analysis of the influence of
Golas, Z., & Bieniasz, A.
28 inventory management on financial
(2016)
performance in the food industry in Poland.

Influence of inventory management

Kamau, L. W., & Kagiri, practices on organizational
29
A. W. (2015) competitiveness: A case of Safaricom
Kenya Ltd.

ONIKOYI, I. A., AMNIM, Effect of Inventory Management Practices

30 F. F., OJO, S., & AJE, C. on Financial Performance of Larfage
O. (2017) Wapco Plc. Nigeria.

Bai, L., & Zhong, Y. Improving inventory management in small

31
(2008). business: A case study.

Ngubane, N., Mayekiso,

Inventory management systems used by
S., Sikota, S., Fitshane,
32 manufacturing small medium and micro
S., Matsoso, M., & Juan-
enterprises in Cape Town.
Pierré, B. (2015)

Decision-making support tools in data

Shirokova, S. V., &
33 bases to improve the efficiency of inventory
Iliashenko, O. Y. (2014)
management for small businesses.

Ahmad, K., & Zabri, S. Inventory management practices among

34
M. (2016) Malaysian micro retailing enterprises.
Cachon, G. P., & Fisher, Supply chain inventory management and
35
M. (2000) the value of shared information.

Relationship between inventory

Nemtajela, N., &
36 management and uncertain demand for fast
Mbohwa, C. (2017)
moving consumer goods organisations.
 Role of inventory management on
Kimaiyo, K. K., & Ochiri, performance of manufacturing firms in
37
G. (2014) Kenya–a case of new Kenya Cooperative
Creameries.

Effective inventory management in small to

38 Dumas, C. (2008)
medium-sized enterprises.

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND

39 Tarus, N.K. (2018) PERFORMANCE OF PROJECTS MANAGED BY KENYA
POWER AND LIGHTING COMPANY LIMITED IN KENYA.

Coding Systems and Effective Inventory

Agbola, R. M., & Amoah,
40 Management of SMEs in the Ghanaian
A. (2019)
Retail Industry.
The management of the supply chain for
41 Beier, F. J. (1995) hospital pharmacies: a focus on inventory
management practices.
Inventory management practices and
42 Gitau, R. W. (2016) organizational productivity in parastatals in
kenya.
The relationship between total quality
43 Kaynak, H. (2003) management practices and their effects on
firm performance.

Radzuan, K., Rahim, M.

Inventory management practices and its
K. I. A., Anuar, H. S.,
44 effects on vendor managed inventory
Nawi, M. N. M., &
performance.
Osman, W. N. (2015)

Inventory management practices and

45 Kinyua, D. (2016) performance of consumer goods
manufacturing firms in Nairobi Kenya
The effect of inventory management on
46 Kumar, P., & Bahl, R. N. (2014) organizational performance. International journal of
innovative science
Inventory Management Techniques and Its
Contribution on Better Management of
47 Victoire, M. (2015)
Manufacturing Companies in RWANDA Case Study:
SULFO RWANDA Ltd

Notes:
1. You can add rows.
2. Put your proposed title as the last research (and try to fill up to Statistical Tools if possible).
 Effects of inventory management practices in the
Title: performance of feeds dealer

Statistical Tools: > EOQ Model

> ABC analysis
Independent Variable: > Inventory Management practices
Dependent Variable: > Profitability
> Order Quantity
> Cost
 Variables (IV & DV)
Statistical Tools
Independent Dependent
> Inventory management > Organization > Mean
Models operational Performance > Median
> Lean inventory system - On time Performance > Mode
> Inventory Record > Standard Deviation
Accuracy > Regression
Inventory Management Organizational
> Stock out > Mean
> Information
Inventory accuracy
Technology Performance > Standard deviations
> Stock out > profitability > Skewness and
> Stock availability > Reliability kurtosis
>
> Overstock
Stock coverage >
> Order quantity
Responsiveness >
> Simulation
Standardized scores
> Stock Out
> Capacity utilization > Cost
> Flexibility
> Capital Intensity > Inventory
> Cost Turns > Return on Asset
(ROA)
> Regression
> Inventory Management > Customer Satisfaction
> Beta
> Financial performance > Profitability >
> Mean
Correlation
> Median
> Standard Deviation
> Standard Deviation
Error Mean
> Inventory conversion > Gross operating profit > Regression Model
period > Mean
> Standard Deviation
> Correlations
> Stock auditing > Inventory Shrinkage > Cronbach’s Alpha
statistics
> Mean
> Standard Deviation

> Vendor Management > Total Inventory Holding > Regression Model
Inventory Cost > Coefficient
> Just-in-Time > Stock-Turn Rate > Standard Deviation
> ABC Analysis > Return on Investment
> Economic Order > Stock-outs Rates
Quantity
> Ordered Inventory
Material Requirement > Current Inventory > Simulation Analysis
> Ending
Planning Inventory > Lost sales
> Placement of orders
> Inventory turnover ratio > Gross Margin > Mean
> Raw material turnover > Standard Deviation
ratio > Coefficient Turnover
> Work in process
turnover ratio
>
> Inventory turnover ratio > Management efficiency a> ABC analysis
Finished goods
turnover ratio > Pareto diagram
> Inventory Management > Business sustainability > Inventory
Classification Matrix

> Owners and Managers > Inventory System > Correlation Analysis

> JIT Inventory > Cost efficiency Descriptive

> Cross statistics
sectional
Management > Quality & Flexibility of > Cross-tabulations
variables
SMEs in the Spearman
> Time series panel
manufacturing sector correlation analysis
data
> Regression model
> Inventory management > Profitability > Random effect model
efficiency > Variance Inflation
Factor
> Intercept and slope
>demand management > customer satisfaction > Yamane's statistical
> Just-in-Time > growth of selected formula
> inventory control manufacturing firms > Coefficient
> productivity
> coefficient of
> Inventory control > Production efficiency correlation
> Cost minimisation > mean
> standard deviation
> Sales ratio > Organization > Descriptive statistics
performance (mean, median, mode,
> Inventory performance sd)
> multivariate analysis
> Inventory management > Profitability of variance
> EOQ Model
> Operating cash flows > JIT Model
> Regression
equations
> Correlation matrix
> Inventory Management > Effectiveness of > Descriptive
using ROA statistics
inventory management (mean, median, mode,
practices sd)
> Correlation analysis
> Inventory Management > Competitive advantage > Descriptive statistics
> Inventory lead time (mean, median, mode,
> Inventory control sd)
systems
>
> Inventory System
Information technology > Levels of inventory > multiple regression
> Stock > Replenishment analysis (standardized
coefficients)

> Inventory Management > Business performance > stratified random

Practices sampling
> Inventory service > Flexibility > descriptive and
> Inventory control > operational cost inferential statistical
management > cost effectiveness techniques
technique

> Inventory Management > Profitability > Structural equation

Practice > Market Share model
> Level of Output
> Cost Efficiency

> Inventory Control > Financial Performance > Simple Linear

System Regression Model
> Multiple Linear
Regression Model
> Economic Order > Quality > Descriptive statistics
Quantity > Output per Unit of Time (mean, median, mode,
> Just-in-Time > Optimal production sd)
> Material Requirement > Production targets > Stratified random
> Total inventory
Planning 1 cycle >
> Return
On timeon sales
delivery > Regression analysis
sampling
>
> Raw
Actionmaterials cycle
Level Methods > Return on assets > Beta coefficientls
> Semi-finished
> Periodic review products
and work ininventory
> Effective progress
>Inventory
cycle Shrinkage > Organizational > Inferential analysis
budgeting

> Expired cycle competitiveness > multiple regression
> Finished
Effective products
management
inventory/stock  Customer satisfaction analysis
of stock levels
 Stock outs at  Market share > standard deviation
> Effective Stock-taking
wholesalers  Profitability (Return on error
activities

> Employees’ theft investment)
> Stock management
Computerized > Profitability > Standardized
warehousing > effectiveness Regression Analysis
> Inventory Investment > stock level > Coefficient
> Computerized
 Capital invested
inventory records
 Cash flow
> Radio
Demand frequency > Supply of Inventory > Periodic review
 Value of goods in store > Economic Order
identification device system
> Inventory management Quantity
> EOQ (EOQ)
Inventory Turnover >
software
> > Activity Based
Alternative Order
 Inventory
Number ofmanagement
times > SMME leaders’
Costing
> Automated perceptions Quantity(ABC)
inventory is used > Just In Time (JIT)
replenishment > effectivity of inventory
 Amount of time > Enterprise Resource
inventory is in store room management Planning (ERP)
 Frequency of ordering > Supply size
> Demand > arbitration scheme
for inventory
> Supply cost > Supply period > derivatives
> Marginal cost > Supply quantity

> Inventory management > Effectiveness of > Descriptive statistics

inventory management (mean, median, mode,
practices sd)
> cost barrier Inventory Management >
> Descriptive statistics
correlation analysis
> owner/managers Practices > multiple regression
attitude and knowledge > Storage & racing
> uncertain demand >
> inventory
Purchasingmanagement
& pr> descriptive statistics
Controlling > correlation
 > cost reduction > organizational performa > Multiple Regressions
> inventory management
systems
> supplier demands
> lead time
> Information technology > automation of inventor > descriptive statistics

> Inventory forecasting > firm's performance > EOQ Model

> Descriptive analysis

> Inventory Management > Systematic coding > Correlation Analysis

> Economic Order > Potential savings > EOQ Model

Quantity

> Automatic > Efficiency > Regression Model

Replenishment > Effectiveness > ABC Analysis
> ABC Inventory Model, > EOQ model
> Just-In Time (JIT)
> Supplier quality
Inventory, > Supplier performance > descriptive statistics
management
> Economic Order
Quantity EOQ)
>
> Vendor
VisibilityManaged
of demand > Vendor-managed > Descriptive statistics
Inventory
> Replenishment inventory performance > regression analysis
decision
> Inventory ownership
> Inventory location
>
> Inventory
ABC Model control limits > Quality > Regression Model
> Just in Time > Efficiency > ABC Analysis
> EOQ concept > Optimal production > EOQ model
> VMI > Production targets
>> EOQ
Barcoding
model > budgeted salesm actual sales >EOQ model and
> Simulation descriptive anaylysis

> optimum use of production >stock level > descriptive statistics

resources

tical Tools if possible).

 Major Findings & Conclusion

Major Findings:
> The research study found out that on time
performance, flight dispatch reliability and shop
productivity is affected by the inventory management
Practice, Aircrafts are grounded due to unavailability of
Inventory
inventory and management additionaliscosts a supply are incurred chain determinant to recover of
performance.
from the AOGTextile situations firms in Nairobi
County
> The research appear to be conscious
finding revealedof thatthethe importance
organization of
has good management
inventory infrastructure,inITthe technology
supply chain and have support
The
fromhave
and simulation
the management.
put clear model may
mechanisms However, be used inDemandto capture
place and all the real
uncertainty,
invested in
life activities
Inefficient
current material at
internal theflow retail
process
systems outlet by imitating
andtoLack of awareness are customer
arrival,
the challenges
oversee customer
smooth inand order
implementing pattern, demand
transparent the material
inventory pattern,
flow that etc.,
canfor
This study attempted to investigate the relationship
perishable
management
be tracked products.
along practice a supply Onein EAL.as may evaluate
chain. a result of this Inventory the inventory
between inventory
performance
Systems
is not well such and
managed as also
ERP, in fixVMI,
way thethat inventory
EOQ, itand and
improves parameters
RFI the have in
management, firm performance capital intensity.
As
order it
potential is
operational evident
to achieve
to optimize that
performance customer
the desired
inventory of the is
service
and now a day’s
levels or
material
organization. king of the
optimized
flow.
Three
market
service and levels. his/her/their
But it is difficult satisfaction to identify is theand most capture all
measurements were used in this study, namely (1) ROA
important
problems
Conclusion: factor
that may arise in real life
as a
in every
environment
The study type/set-up throughofthat
concludes business,
simulation. whether
Therefore, it isthe organized
smart is
measurement for financialthat inventory
performance, management
(2) ID, number
or
a unorganized
decision is to start retail with sector,
a pilot whether
program it is
to small,
check medium
the
ofprocess
days that is continuous in the organization and
or large
results
therefore obtained from the design parameters those are
inventory there was held is always as a measurementneed for managing of inventory inventory
scale
fixed
throughout business
by simulation
using etc. model.Due to Themany changes
necessary in the lifestyle,
adjustment
Previous
management researches anda certain predicted technique negative good inventory
relationship
purchasing
can be
management
between done power,
if it is
can intensity easy
required
lead to loan
good so through
that
performancea banks
lot of etc,
in anthere
saving can be is
(3) CI, theICP capitaland firms profitability.
measured The by dividing fixed
a shift
done.
organization. in
One the case situation areisto inelucidated in order theto
results
assets by of thisthe With research respect the
linefindings with the ofprevious research
satisfaction
reinforce
study, the level
salient of customer’s expectations. They
findings.
total ofitfixed
isThe conclusive
findings
assets and that
indicate inventory
inventory. that Prior management
Inventory research
evaluate
features
practices
conversion every
of the
impact
period small
concept. detail
significantly
has an In thoroughly
this
inverse the paper, operational and,
an
relationship inventory
attempt withisfirms‟
Findings
(Fullertonofetthe al.,Study:
management
made
performances
profitabilitytorespondents
demonstrate
i.e.of when Ethiopian theICP
the usefulness
Airlines.
days The of the ARENA
implementation
A.
2003;TheCannon, 2008) agreed
concerned that the
samples following of stock
technique
simulation
of an effective is
tool an important
for
54 the
inventory evaluationfactor
management which
of affects
inventory andthe
increase
taking
manufacturing the profitability
strategies have
industries much of firm decreases
influence on leads
safeguarding to many
vice
shopping
performance
benefits
versa. in
These behavior
the for organization
results and
perishable retailer’s
complied products.
includingwith margin.thoseensuringRetailer’s on time
of inventory
using different shrinkage
performance in large-scalemeasurement retail outlets.
variables
financial
performance,
from studies performance bymeeting
Raheman theinventory
production
and Nasrspot targets
(2007), Deloof

suchSubjecting
as market items to an count.
or profitability
maintenance
(2003), Garcia-Teruel is very
shop much
productivity
and dependent which
Martinez-Solano ison the customer
associated with
 A four-monthly inventory
value and different measurement variables for inventory counts.
satisfaction
operational
(2007) and and to attain
efficiency.
Falope and While this there
Ajilore they(2009) are
are trying
different
who veryinventory
found hard
 Periodic
management,
Major Findings: inventory count.
using
management
negative relationship practices, betweenthe findings
ICP andofinventory
this research

such
The Continuous
as inventory
study further inventory turnover.
revealed count. However,
that themanagement
Inventory turnover
innovative
study establish
profitability orof traditional
that
firms. Ethiopian
The inventory
relationship Airlines in likely
this to
study benefit
is

usedCounting
management for ofpractices
stock delivered are by vendors
responsible for/ the suppliers.
techniques.
from Economic
significant In
because this
Order study, Quantity various model, variables Vendor are Managed
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manufacturing
operational withfirms
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decrease and
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in the inventory count.
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Finally ofisthesaid to besatisfaction
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
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established that Financial
firms. the This
companies Officer
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At
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when estimates,
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study.
operational However, performance, the relationship the the effect betweenon return inventory
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function
positive followingthrough
which techniques
measures proper
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were
organizational
that used
profitabilityABC, in VED,
this study:
structure
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will help
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probability
management
investment
Major Findings: distribution
was and how
found inventories
was
to be based
highly are on moving
historical
positive. through
This demand.
was the
and
Inventory
to manage
an other
increase have
Turnover
theindemand been
inventory
firm Ratio,
size. of
The (2)
the airline
relationship very well.
between
supply
The
financial
done
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study chain.
historicalperformance
assessing
finds thatthe the
PT. ofis however
the
contribution
ABCD firm was
manages distorted
of found
outcomes
its by
to periods
be
inventoryto final of
greatly
Raw
current used.
Material
ratio With
andTurnover the GOP help
Ratio, of these
was (3) Work techniques,
in process the
 Carrying
stock outs.
significantly
profits
inefficiently. against out
IfThe cut-off
products
thefirst cost analysis
were
of able
indicator readily
establishingisby auditors.
available
and maintainingall the time
supermarkets
turnover
negative. ratio, have
(4) been
Finished Goods to the offerirregular
better inventory
service to

from
the Observing
positive.
layout. stock,
practices. This
There it the
would
is
are physical
consistent be
significant expectedinventory
withamount priorthat count.
the
studies demand
inventories (Fullerton
that areet
their
Turnover customers Ratio,the (5)inventory
Inventory Elasticity, (6) Grossledger.

recorded
al.,Reconciling
2003;
purchased wouldmore bethan higher.what the Thiscount research
company to the general
achieved
has monitoring,
planned. the
such as (7)
Margin, quick Capitalorder processing,
Intensity, (8) better stock

set Reviewing
Eroglu objective
Conclusions:
Those and
inventories of
stock
Hofer, developing
transfer
2011).
havedatabase beenAs an
documentation.
for inventory
kept the model
relationship
in the warehouse that
between
accurate
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used

would
CI
The
moreReviewing
and focusminimize
thanthe of purchase
this
its normal total
research inventory
records
turnover was costs
to
to ensureby
determine
period. By using Pareto simulation
that thethe effects
management,
collecting financial data of
inventory
analysis.
of inventory It
in made
the
management,
managementwarehouse
a contribution this is actually
study to the
found management
ownedthat by
there theisof
diagram
wide
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The study set out to investigate the relationship between
inventory management practices and business
performance of SSEs, in Kisii Municipality, Kisii County,
This research reveals the importance of inventory
Kenya. To achieve this, three specific objectives were
management practices and offers a general approach to
addressed. The first objective was to determine the
inventory management which can enhance the SME’s
inventory management practices of the SSEs. The
sustainability in the market. Much research has indicated
findings indicated that inventory budgeting; review of
that inventory management is one of the keys to success
This findings
The studylevels
inventory focusedof in andstudy
the on inventory
management found that control
ofinventory and valuation
shelf-space were
conversion
for businesses many countries. However, the focus on
procedures
on aggregate
period, management in retail SMEs in
often carried out by SSEs. Further, the Northern Johannesburg,
inventory performanceefficiency may be a lower priority for the
South
study
and firmAfrica.
established
size The finding
negatively that there revealed
influence was no that ownersofand
relationship
profitability between
KBL
SME’s management when compared to winning a bigger
managers
the
Beer frequency
distributionadhere to most
of inventory
firms in of the inventory
ordering
Nairobi and thecontrol frequency of
market share. However, the SME could apply the
procedures.
stock
County.
Given monitoring.
the The Valuation
enormousstudyThe thus methods
study
potentialconcludes concludes thatthat
benefits areof widely
that
increase on used
applying in thein
concepts of agility and flexibility to support the SME’s
practice
aggregate,
inventory
JIT aredays,thealso SSEsaccepted
poor surveyed
management by owners were and and effective
fairly managers. in
aim to achieve improved business growth and
The
their
small results
inventory
size
principles, of
negatively
theand the
findings study
management affects may
that thethe assist
practices
and retailers
reduces
majority and for future
recommends
profitability
of SMEs from in the of
sustainability also reduce risks resulting
planning
that
KBL SSEs in the
beer distribution
manufacturing implementation
owners/managers
sector firms
are not in seek of
applying an effective
further JIT knowledge inventory
inventorymay on
uncertainty in the market. The SMEs management
control
inventory
Nairobi
management and
County. valuation
management The system.
findingsso as ofto improve
the study their
also level of
need to focus is onquite disturbing. and
the knowledge SMEs in the in the
attitudes
effectiveness
established
manufacturing that insector,
inventory
firm growth management
particularly levels in the practices.
food in sector, These
management
While inventory of management
their operations hastobeen get result common termscan of
businesses
positively
benefit ainlot should
in termsappreciate
influence profitability
of reduced more
and storage the vitality
operating costs,cash of
low flows
loss
inventory
practice performance.
business for many years,
inventory
thus
of management
the conclusion thatoperations
high in gaining and
there has been an evolution for inventory management
sustaining
growth competitive advantage. Second, the
andstudy
from JITfirms
products due
to lean have high levels
to obsolescence
inventory systems ofand profitability
lower inventory
to
endeavored
operating
holding
Findings: cash
costs. toFurthermore,
evaluate
flows andthe lowbusiness
the growthresultsperformance the studyof the
of supposition
supply chain management. However, the
SSEs.
firms
found
> The the The
have
findings findings
lower showed
profitability
at the end that
and most
low respondents
levels of operating were
about cost/benefits of of thethis study include the
satisfied
cash
a with
flows.Inventory
statistically their
significant performance positive measured
relationaffects by
between growth in
following:
implementation control
of inventory significantly
management is both the
sales,
The
applicationgrowth
study
productivity ofofin
finding JIT market
selectedalso found
inventory share, thatperceived
management
manufacturing inventory firms business
conversion
philosophy image
and
conflicting and dated. The purpose of this
compared
period
improved to
positively
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and significantly
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>
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study study
is to a positive
concludes
determine ifflexibility.
that inventory
a relationship Such between aexists
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products/services
influences
can
While be
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competitive of
inventory operating
great and
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benefit
management
customercash to
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flows
the SME hence
has and
satisfaction to
sector,
been competitors
the conclusion
given
common
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inventory management efficiency firm
weighted
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This number
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challenges
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manufacturing inmeans ofofoperating
measured
business firmsof 2.51,
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Kenya. effects
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significant for the
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inventory
effects study
KBL of
customer concluded
beer
management
on growth needs of
is that of the4.28,management the firm offers of thehigh quality
that
from
the the
distribution
companies
and businesses
increasing
JIT to
selected
products and firms
in
lean the in
levels
inventory
manufacturing
services were
Nairobi
Ghanaian of fairly
County.
competition
to its systems
firms performing
manufacturing
customers, from
to highly well.
both sector. The
existingA final
appropriate
Empirical inventory
evidence levels
regarding would
the result
role in an reliable
of inventory inverse in and
objective
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cross
and
supply new
products thewas
sectional study
innovative
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manufacturing
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management
However, the between
efficiency
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relationship
predicting between
organization the optimized
performance
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firm size
companies
Conclusion:
about
dependable management
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of
provides thethecustomized andisthe
period conflicting.
of business
2004products
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to 2014
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argued here levels that and
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boththere
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implementation
study
services,
attempt
organizationaltothecash
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life cycle
forhence
of inventory that
customized
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stage.
the analysis.
conclusion
management
products
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management
to
is because
isthat
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is
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essential
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any other by firm size
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in
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an inventory
adversely
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asset
introduce is toon management
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determine
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management
cash
sheet
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flows.
of companies
services The performance
study
exists between has taken of
and,
not finally,
only on offer
the corroborative
perceived costs and benefits of the
SSEs.
concludes
designed
on
inventory
and Effective
increased
that tothat capture
management
the firm inventory
inventory
importance
has the
fast budgeting
effectiveness
management
efficiency
because
product andmany hadof
firm
development. the
acompanieslargest
company's The area
evidence
decision by using more recent data. Our results show
effect
applying on but
significantly
management
profitability.
study business
the
further
also
influences
of
First,
strategy
concludes
on
partto
the
performance
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firm
working
more
reducing
that precise,
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profitability
capital
their
firm
environment
athe
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investment coefficient
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0.329,
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ofmanufacturing
prior studies efficiency. that In addition,
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beer distribution
profitability
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customer ofof
orders 0.301
the
inventory on and
firms time. ininventory
levels Nairobi would
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County.
firmsresult in management
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same of
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respond on
differently to similar
had
Ghana.
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relationship
advantage least
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external based
pressures on firm
(Bhambri size & was noticeably
Sonnenfeld, significant.
1988), that
study
Nweze
context
inventory therefore
and
oflevels
IM Udeh concludes
(2012)
in differentiate
machine
and firm toolthat
whose enhancement
results
enterprises
profitability. fromSecond, itsofincluding in thethe level
organization
In the first
organizations model, to
are we
likely controlto
itself
respond for firms to size
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of
use effectiveness
their
attempt research
of
competitors rule
to ‐expand
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showed inventory
anfor
the
isconcerning that
IM,there
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outcome amanagement
low ofisimportance
atosignificant
critical practices
management effect
given will
to of
dummy
stakeholders variables in a way that varies steadily with firm life
result
efficient
determine
decisions in
forecasting, increased
inventory
Lithe random
et impact
al., business
management
ordering
(2006). ofmodel,inventory performance
Theofliterature on
materials,
efficiency oflow the
by SSEs.
levels
firm of
size
revenue.
cycle In
(Jawahar the second
& McLaughlin, we
2001), controland for
that firm
the size
The current
profitability.
training
and, and study
From
development, was
the a
results crossand of sectional
the
low study,
computer survey
it canuse based
and on
beas well
review
with afinally,
decision has
continuous
by
offer corroborative
identified
managers variable price/cost,
to measuring
change quality,
inventory delivery,
systems
a small
deduced
as a low
evidence
flexibility sample
that
importance
byBoth
as raw
using
important size moretaken
materials
given from
recent
competitive toinventory only Kisii
purchasing
data. Our and Municipality
results showofa
variable
asset
depends size. on the models
state of show
competition same result
within for
the the
market
Kisii
lead County.
management
‐time. Furthermore,
The study is a major the
variable instrument
that has of study
significant usedin
positive
capabilities.
relation
(Blazenko
relation
betweenand ISR confirmed
between
Vandezande, and profitability
profitability.
2003,
the need While
Rotemberg
for managers
and
perceptual
positive
the
and machine
inventory measures
relationship tool sector
management on ofthe business
to profitability
alter performance
drastically
efficiency. of addition,
In their approach
thelevel
both
Saloner,models 1989), significantly
organizational support settingsthe inverse (De relationship
Vries, 2005),
of
the
to effectiveness
manufacturing
IM. oflower
impact that inventory in inventory
firms in Ghana.
efficiency management onManagement practices of rawof
between
and the power inventory
and interests levels and
of stakeholders (De Vries,
SSEs
materials and
profitability is so this
therefore may an limit generalization
important factor of results. This
increase
2011). in based
profitability, on firm thesize resultswas for noticeably
the firm significant.
size are
study
to
In be therefore
theconsidered
first model, recommends
in
weenhancing
control a or similar
boosting study the that will
significantly noticeable. In thefor firstfirms size with binary
employ
performance
dummy longitudinal
variables of survey
manufacturers
concerning and inthatGhana. will employ a case
model,
Drawing theonresult shows
interdisciplinary that theoretical
the smallerarguments category offrom firm
study
revenue. design Instronger to
the second corroborate model, these research
we control findings.
for firm size
size
the has a
organizational lifenegative
cycle and effect on
inventory its management
Furthermore,
with a continuous future research
variable could
measuring use other data
profitability.
literature, four However,
testable in the
hypotheses second model
areanalysis
developed (based on
collection
asset size. methods
Both such
modelsgeneral as
show same document result for the so as to
regarding size)the and overall
moderating effectcomparison of organizational life
obtain
relation more
between ISR objective data.
and profitability. While
of manufacturing
cycle on the relationship firms, there
between is a positiveinventory effect
and of firm
both
size models
on profitability.significantly This support the inverse relationship
adds
organization performance. These hypotheses have been
between
corroborating lower inventorytolevels and analysis and
tested using aevidence sample of 84 theEgyptian
overall listed firms
increase
supportive in evidence
profitability, to the the inventory
results for the firm size are
between 2005 and 2010. Econometric analysis using
significantly
level/profitability noticeable.relationship. In theFrom first our results that are
panel data techniques provides considerable support for
model,
robust the result shows that the smaller category of firm
the fourtohypotheses.
time period The and results measurement suggest that while the
size has awe
variation, strongerconclude negative that more effect on its inventory
relationship between inventory to efficient
sales ratio and
chain
advantage performance betweenmetrics inventory (and overall firm
management
performance)
practices and will be maximized
organizational if the demand
performance.
forecasting processes
Generally, the finding of this study implies are collaborative, sophisticated,
that enhanced
oriented
competitive advantage and increased
towards
organizational the product performance life cycle, could andhave developed improved using thenon-
Effective
constrained inventory
consumer control
demand management
data. is recognized
levels
as one of inventory
of the ofareas management management practice. of any The
The implication
increased competitiveness inventory ofmanagement
a firm may approaches
enable a firm is
to
organization
that through should
inventory acquire
postponement, capability. The ability of
implement
any organization highertolevel evolve of inventory
effective management
customers
practice due are to frequently
the need towaiting
outperform for inventory
stockitsextent
control
to fulfill
competitors their
management
requirements, system
and in will
turn depend
puts added on thepressure on toto the
constantly
which and keep the
it perceives its competitive
benefits it stands toinventory
gain
third
position.party On logistics
the other provider
hand, who
enhanced faces these
organizational
from
management such program.
issues directly In general with the findings
the customers. that
performance
emerged from provides
this study a firm have increased
indicated capital
that to The
implications
implement of this scientific
various can be negative inventory feedback
management and
organizations
negative customer stand to gain a lot from effective toinventory
techniques.
control management To this relationships,
end,
system. this study Some
asprovides
opposedempirical
of this benefit
positive
customer
evidence relationships
to support if the
theresources, inventory
literature regarding management the impact of
include optimal
approach adopted useaof level of inventory cost speculation,
reduction,
inventory
improved management
profitability, improved practices. sales effectiveness,
where
reduction of waste,
forecasting would increase the inventory transparency and accountability,
and would be
easy storage and retrieval
more likely be available to fulfill the customer’s of stock, high inventory
utilization
requirements. amongst others. However, in order to achieve
all these, organizations
The study established that majority of the respondents have to maintain flexible
inventory
either agreed service. or stronglyThus, the agreed study thatfound the that there is
a significant relationship
use of computerized inventory management practices between effective inventory
control management
such as Computerized warehousing, system and organizational
performance.
The maintenance
computerized inventory of inventory record,bybar enterprises
codes, inventory results
from numerous
management premises,
software, such as: the need to ensure
automated
rhythmicity of production,
replenishment and radio-frequency identification economies of scale of device
production
influence production efficiency.
This
and study concludes that inventory toshrinkage in
It cansupplies,
also be reduced concluded risk thatrelated
ineffective the inventory
uncertainty of
Safaricom
supplies and Ltd has
delivery a significant
time, pursuit influence
of limitingon the
management leads to incidences of
affect
influence the competitiveness of Safaricom Ltd, saves the
overproduction, underproduction, excessive stocks,
organization
of seasonality from poor quality
of supplies
stock out of spare parts forand seasonality of demand,
machines,
production,
ensuring disappointment of seasoned customers, loss
production bottlenecks and delays inthe
sales continuity. However, maintenance
delivery of raw of
of
The profit
inventorypresent and good
involves study socialon
bearing responsibility.
inventory
various management
types of real in
costs
materials. The study established that MRP
This is
manufacturing
related done by
to itseffective ensuring
industry
maintenance timely
would
and ordering delivery
certainly of raw
complement
as well as of materials
1 was most in contributing to performance
to
and the service
supplement
opportunity Company,
the existing in orderknowledge of that on stock
production department despite the fact inventory
costs. Thus, this means
production
management.
management to the This
is warehouse.
directly strongly correlated If inventory
advocates with the management
cost
financial of sales,is
that most organizations used action level methods.
not adequately
carrying
effectiveness cost, maintained,
inventory
of enterprises production
policy,and itfor whichshould made it to be
Inventory management is critical most be subject
companies, to
cannot
growing
optimisation. meet the
fromAsstrength aspirations
results of
to strength
from the customers
research increasingwhich
on the are
the loss
but is especially crucial for small
of revenue tocapacity
productivity
branches the organization. in spite of Right the economic
businesses because when compared with large
from
problem
of procurementin
the food industry Nigeria. to the
This
in Poland, time of
research processing,
improvement work found quality
in the out of
companies,
From the above theyitusually is clear have
that limited
respondents knew what
raw material
that there isiseffectiveness,
management athe chief determinant
positive relationship
measured of
between Inventory
resources
inventory, and bargaining
inventory systems power, and whichwith
inventory have the length of
negative
management
the productive
management
inventory efficiency
and profitability of any of service
the firm. concern.
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effects oncycles,
were the waymay be an important
inventory can be source of
varies
inventories
improvement from organization
converted into to organization.
money,
in the financial performance. The the more profitability
managed.
about. Although they are aware of thefirmslatter it was
The
ratios study
estimated includedalso concludes in analysis. that Ifinventorythe investment
operating in
Many
revealed small businesses
thatsustain
respondents face great
do not make challenges adequate in use of
affect
this
parameters
The competitiveness
sector
paper inventory of regression
proposes their of
a solution Safaricom
inventory
models Limited.
management
indicate that of in the policies
managing
formal when they to seek the problem
The results they
effectively,
food showed increase that policiestheir and procedures
profits. Prudent are in
accounting
developments.
inventory balances
management This thesis and the
systems useavailable
is trying oftothe decision
connect to theories
them. Albeit
place
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industry to with
guide
shortening inventory
of materials investment
reduces in thethe resulted
depreciation,
support
with
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above, case
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propose
that Also cycles
invited
managerial
respondents
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Organization.
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(2012) explains thatSMMEsinventory
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inventory
market and
is insystem balances.
response
management, andtolimited thetasks, fact
most that
access inventory
respondents to the
statistical is an
have asset of
inventory
guarantee
management management
andthe enhancement
should tie inventory
the inventoryofwithin
business limits
withoperations,
customer of the
The
distinct
adopted study
databases bothdeduces
feature.of The offered means of information the of
The that
inventory
unsystematic management
and turnover
systematic affects
situation
inventory
subject
profitability
demand. area.
The study concluded that cost reduction is necessary for
implementation of inventory
management for performance of manufacturing firms.
The study concluded that holding stocks
and ordering costs may increase the performance of an
organization.
From the study Cost reduction
findings, helps in
the researchers concludes that
preparing employees
in regard to effective automation of towards managing the inventory
ideology and equips
inventory management in managing in SMEs, it was organization with
sufficient
The
concludedstudyresources established
that SMEs and that
should that threeinventory
takemain effective cost reduction
inventory
helps
management in achieving
inventory management profitability
practices have as one objective.
been of the adopted at
main procedures of
The study
KPLC
managing which concluded
include records
inventory that improved
Inventory turnover,
system anticipation
Inventory of future
developments
Forecasting and in manufacturing
Inventory control firms
so asstudy
The to cutaimed on operating
at examining cost the systems.
and keep
effectivenessoptimumof
in
The Kenya
inventorystudy will
level. improve
concludes Technology their
that performance
inventory
holds a management
lot of and new
coding systems in inventory
technologies
practices have are promising to save costs andand
potential
management for ofbeen
enhancing SME’s recognized
market
in the retail as industry.
access a crucial yet tool
The useuse byof
thus
in
SMEs improving
enhancing is limited the
operations performance
as compared at KPLC. of
to larger the
However, New KCC.
the The
study
barcoding by fewer SME’s does
study
found
enterprises.
This further
out
paper thathas concluded
The these use
found inventory
of
that that
technology Inventory
hospital for marketing
pharmacies relybyonare a
indicate that most managers and owners of business
Management
management
SMEs
primary still remains System
practices low is a
had
despite competitive
varying SMEs tool
extents
having in of theadoption
obliviousrelationshipto the technologies with one used or a small in number of prime
organization
at KPLC.
access
vendors. to The
It these
has for studyrealizing
tools.
also therefore
Majority
verified its that corporate
concludes
of SMEs
substantial use technology
coding items and as a result, could not introduce their
competitive
that strategy.
employees to the use of coding system had
for each
communication,
advancements inventory have management
social
been networking
made inpractice
reducing a different
typical order
Based
The
priority
and study on
level
general the
concluded
and study
information findings,
utilization that which
acquisition. it
information is concluded
was sharing
There that
seems and a a
cycle times from
to effectively manage theseinventory. suppliers.Majority While prime of thevendors SMEsbe
to
significant
channels
highly
lack based and
relationship
on a positive
their affect
perceived relationship
the performance
individual effects.
who of
have been
use awareness able tocoding
various of thesystems
make arangedifference of in purchasing
exists
of
The thestudy
opportunities
policies, between
manufacturing
further
improved that inventory
found
technology
order firms out management
and
that
processing enhances
offers the practices
inventory
for increased
methods, andand
productivity. market
derive direct benefits from their use showing that
organizational
management
access.
reliability Limited
ofdirect
the productivity
practices
use of had
technology of a significant for positive
effective
idating the use of delivery
coding
and indirect process,
systems will
relations they have have
among had TQMlimited
Parastatals
effect
marketing
impact onon the caninproject
Kenya.
controlling also be The
performance
the attributed study
level of also
towhen concluded
perceived
inventories combined. of highthat The
costs
hospital
significantand
practices impact on firm of
the effects performance
these practices in terms on firm of cutting
inventory
study
of therefore
appropriate
pharmacies. management concludes
applications,
Specifically, practices
that
safetysecurity thestock current inventories were
operational
performance. costs,With saving
theofexception time and of Flynn et al.In(1995),
affect
Project
issues
found the
toandbe productivity
performance
limited
equivalent at
knowledge Parastatals
KPLC
to almost can
and be in
skills. Kenya.
well accounted order forto
improving
the TQM
effectively
customer
practices
automate
service.
investigated
inventory
The in24data
thisdays also
study ofestablishes
average
represent aa
by
A the available
multiple regression inventory analysis management
demand.
strong
wider
management,
or While
domain positive of larger
TQM
several
correlation hospitals
than
systems the was provide
other
have
conducted
studies someinevidence
been developed
to
so
practices.
examine
of having
between theHence,
more
the and relative improvement
effective
use indirectof coding impact inventory of IMP
and inventoryand diversification
elements
management on
management. of the
service
which
as direct
to ensure that Parastatals effects hold of TQM practices on
inventory
performance.
practices
Furthermore management
than The
most smaller result
SME’s practices
ofstrongly
facilities, data will
itanalysis showed that
is stillmeasurement
generally the
performance
the right quantities are identified.
of stock In addition,
so as to strike alarge
balance
result
two
case
agree in
that improved
the
and agreeattothreelevel Project
of safety
the fact performance
stocks
thatininventory are at
too the firm.
management and The
of performance
between the costs involved levels and this research reveals
industry
predictor
there
helps is specific
no variables,
to makethan ready factors which
explanation
an organisation were were also
for level
it. found of demand visibility
more
customer insights satisfaction. the Economic
other studies Order do Quantity
into the relation
out
and
With to
effective have
control
respect a
throughthe tosignificant
limits were
good findings the moderating
customer predictors effect
to the
of theservice/satisfaction,
research on the(EOQ)
service
study, Project
it is
of TQM
practices practices
have to
enabled firms’ Kenyan performance. It also sheds
performance
An economic
conclusive
helps light themthan that at
of
order
to have KPLC.
VMI.
inventory quantity
ado The
Meanwhile,
competitive study
(EOQ) the
edge other
analysis three
was applied
more
Parastatals towhich they
estimate on the
how much relationships
of an item among
should with be
therefore
dimensions,
to questionnaire
management
over their concludes
competitors data
practices that
were inand it is
inventory
order
impact as essential
to
well draw location,
significantly
improves atocomparison
putthe into
the overall
three
ordered levels of
andperformances
when performance:
it should beinventory management,
consideration
replenishment
current
operational
growth and practice. the
effectiveness industry
decision,
The results andof specific
of inventory
of the
consumer
the factors
comparison in
ownership, were
suggest
quality,
ordered. andThe financial
Parastatals and market
orders performance.
that optimal quantity for
formulation
not
that
goods factored
the
organisation. average
manufacturingand
to implmentation
service
pharmacy performance
companies has ofthe the ofmanagement
VMI.
potential
in Kenya. The
The for saving
A
an by-product
Inventory
item
constitutes
of stock of this that
the studymost
minimizes is a refined version of
strategies.
objective
approximately
implementation
significant of this
part of$27,000study
of
current was
an effective per to
assets of recognize
year inSaraph
inventory
larger inventory
majority the related
the
cost. questionnaire
The total constructed
inventory-associated by cost etofal.
curve (1989)
relationship
costs.
Indian
management
that can This
manufacturing
be and
includes
used leads contribution
to both
industries.
to
measuremany ordering of
Because IMP
benefits
TQM and elements
of the
in inventory
firm,
implementation inhas
including
a
holding
minimum
relative
predicting
costs
ensuring formaking point
largeness VMI
cycle
optimal and
of
performance
and this
inventories
safety
production, is the
stocks point
maintained
within and by most
manufacturing
takes into ofsector.
without
Based
where
firms, aonconsiderable
the
total empirical
inventory excessive
sum and costs andemands
oftheoretical have
organization's been on
findings, the time
thereis is significant,
successfully
fund
Level
consideration
meeting
both
positive
being
of demand
the assembly
respondents
committed the visibility,
uncertainties
to them. targets
and researchers.
It thus
inventory and
becomes associated control
on-time
The final
absolutely
limits,
with TQMand
delivery,
minimized.
inventory
variations Parastatals
location
inmanage
both are
demand in
three Kenya
and components
lead use times. ofto IMP level,
These
which
and strong
measurement
imperative arerelationship
toall associated
model between
includes
inventories with determination
30
efficientlyitems, so asasof stock
indicated
Vendor
elements.
engagement
normative Managed results Inventory
also suggest (VMI) orderingfor supplier weekly rather
operational
avoid
in the
Appendix costs efficiency.
of changing
A. Intoautomated
addition, While
production there are
astock
scale rates, different inventory
on customer relations
partnership
of skilled
Regression
overtime,
than daily,personnel, and
analyses
sub-contracting,
given maintain
estimates revealed
unnecessary ofgood ordering working
control
that cost and
abovementioned
of sales
cost. optimal
If use of
greater
management
can be
production added practices,
in future the
studies as one of the
relations
and back order
dimension
efficiencies between
were
canpenalties customers
significantly
be found during that and
periods
influence
would suppliers.
of peak the
drive VMI
down Vendor theas
findings
techniques
resources.
demand. ofThe this
of TQM.research
empirical Evaluating
results study inthe establish
customer
particular that
further consumer
relations
reveals that
Managed
performance.
costs of Inventory
placing Sharing
an relieved
order, information
then a and
more application
frequent of
ordering
goods
there
a technique manufacturing of TQM is companies
becoming are viable because
more
Parastatals
inventory
pattern may of much
control limits of are the expensecrucial forofOrder ordering,
service shipping
more
is
TQM likely
significant,
organizations tobebenefit
positive justified. from
andlbtrong
are customer Economic
relationship focused. between Quantityoptimum
Measurement
the
use materials,
performance.
of counting
While proximityinventory of inventory storage
model,
studies Vendor
on TQM Managed
discussed Inventory
in one this paper,
and
resources
location stocking and
is low-value
overall
requires efficiency
for items.
reducing on By passing
hand;
associated andas a costs on
these
between
to inventory
Among
and
part
optimum of the the
Bar-coding. significant
useliterature The
ofthe Parastatals
findings
specific
review, provide of
benefits this paper
that
measurement are
consumer that only
the supplier,
management.
45% offor hospital pharmacies were
usefocus. aperformance/development
classification system
goods
items
resources manufacturing
theentrepreneur's
and scale firms
of customer would
personal As pointed
able
Sharing
to toother
distinguishreduce
information, the overall
important especially
items. cost Such of product
demand a and increase
information
system would
generate
on
out the
by Amundson from using
hand theseresearchers specific inventory
on
is
seem margins.
one
management of
to beimportantUse
necessary of(1998),
practices Just-in-time
element to control
include, in setting
the
enabling VMI
over
should broaden
design.
2,700
such If
different
their
inventory focusmodel to include allows more the complex
Parastatals issues to regarding
reduce
customer
items
firms
TQM in meet
to the is typical
implementation willing
assembly to share
pharmacy.
rathertargets, the
than demand
Given
enabling
simply information,
the replicating
high value/item
the attainment
overhead
supplier
of can
pharmaceuticals, expenses
provide while
a better ensuringservice that
performance to
an optimum
studies
parts are that identify
available.
production, TQM practices. Given that theappear
a classification system would
their
requisite
responsetorate
guaranteeing capturing
and thethe
on-time delivery,
length potential savings that
ofaugmentation
a questionnaire ofexist
are in
customer.
this
efficiency, Perhaps,
and To to a the
inversely related, the shortened version of the of an
industry. certain
some need extent,
extent, of thesharing
the information
application is
more
EOQ
enhancement crucial
model
questionnaire presented when
across dealing
such a with
broad
of quality. in this study allows researchers innovative
spectrum products
of inventory in
order
items
to to
is attain
an example better of service
the problem. performance It can of beVMI. pointed out
Since,
that the application
above analysis of inventory
investigate the relation of TQM to other variables of assumes controltoo limits
much also
homogeneity
 Recommendations

From the finding originating from this

study, the followings are researcher
recommendations that Ethiopian
Airlines has to adhere in order to
maximize the benefits of inventory
Management
management should practices look . to
encourage
 EAL should continued
use inventoryuse of modern
inventory
management systemspracticein order as they to
contributeperformance
optimize a lot to the operational
of the supply
no recommendation
performance
chain and by of consequence given overall
the organization.
performance of theThisfirms.is becauseThe an
effective
researcher inventory
no recommendation therefore management
recommends
given has
an overall
that similarimpact studiesonshould enhancing be
replicated
operationalinperformancetextile firms in of other
the airline
Further
regions
includingsothewe can say
asmaintenance that
to improve the if the
shopexternal
shopping
validity
productivity.of satisfactionAmongfactors
thefindings. the Inventory will be
improved there will
management practice used in EAL be overall
satisfaction
EOQ is the one among but the
it needs to be
shoppers.
more The relationship between
various
systemized factors andofsupported
shoppingby
satisfaction
computers
no recommendation with theofoverall
instead calculating
given
satisfaction
them manually shows by thethatmaterial
there is
less
planners.  Vendor Managed in
positive overall satisfaction
the shoppers.
Inventory should be adopted by EAL
to be more
Based on the effective
findings in andthe conclusion
management of
of the study, the following
inventories especially to reduce cost
recommendations
of holding
were made: inventory, to reduce the
last
 Thetime rush logistics
managers cost and retail
of large-scale
to improve
outlets in Akwa the on timeState
Ibom performance
should
of the
ensureand
Small airline.  The research
thatmedium Pharmaceutical study
highly
stock recommend
taking
manufacturing is carried to improve
companies out regularly the
in Nairobi
inventory
on monthly
County record
should basis nowaccuracy
and by
the stocking
ensure using
that the
system
taking
use of the based practices is incorporated in
inventory
officer should
their entire management
supply chain.practices
be different fromisstore
This soand
to
engage
man. This
prevent all its staff
is to ensure
spillover to use the
check and
of unnecessary current
available
balances,
Further
costs from system
research properly.
other supply chain  To cost
improve
which
should the
could
be stock
conducted
help to
centers into the pharmaceuticals.out , EAL
safeguard
across should
the
work
various
This istobased
inventory fully use
engineering on system
shrinkage. the companies based inthat
assumption the
inventory
 Managers
water
cost management
from oneofstage large-scale practice
reflectsretail in the
The
(Bare
outletsmain
industry code limitation
intoAkwa system)
understand
Ibom of this
State study
Inventory
theof should is
next stage either in terms prices or
the fact
control
always sectionthat it is focused
should on one
techniques
quality. To tame or methodswastebe that costs
and are in
region
restructured
employed
currently of Greece.
thesoservices
that intheof section
both can
the wholeemployed
In order
help thechain
internal
inventory to
and understand
organization
external
management tobetter
control
auditors
and the
toits
supply one goes far inshould
ensuring
impact
55
ensure
build of financial
in thestudies,
aspect crisis
of service on Greek
their
For
SMEs’
internal
future practice we suggestlevels.
responds to
inventory and
independent
positively from do
review,all adjustment
edge examination,
to edge. Vendor on
examine
performance, the optimal
the analysisinventory
research could be
time with
investigation
Management all professional
and
Inventory manner,
of
can be used
quantity
extended andby lead time more
including delivery to
regions
physical
inventory
to extend count
for
this and adjustment
coverage.
maximize
and more efficiency and customer
has to
prompt be done onoftime
detection errors andand thefraud,
satisfaction.
years in the crisis period.
inventory
which could planning
lead
Another interesting observationto should
shrinkage. be done
solely by inventory
made was that some of the practicesplanning without
having
were not influenced
uniformlyfrom applied anyin other
all the
The suggestion from the literature
suggests that many inventory
approaches can benefit SME
operations such as focusing on
S&OP and reducing F/C errors,
This study focused only on SMEs
which both have impacts on, for
that are operating in Gauteng
example, the level of safety stock.
province of South Africa and it would
Enhancing flexibility in terms of
be unrealistic to
capacity, employing the
generalise
no recommendation the findings in this study
given
postponement concept, and
to other areas in the country. Future
monitoring the mix of production,
research could replicate the study in
which may require synchronization
other
between the operations, can help
provinces in order to test the validity
SMEs to cope with uncertain demand
and reliability of the scale. Another
and yield good inventory
no recommendation given
prospect for future research is to
performance. Various general
explore ways to
operational tools and concepts used
help owners and managers to
by SMEs help in inventory
manage
The inventory
following control systems
recommendations were
management, such as the rule-of-
effectively.
made based A broader
on are population of
finding:
thumb, ABC analysis, and inventory
retail
1. Theentities
study may
recommended that
turnover. Furthermore, common
also be examined.
manufacturing firms This could include
develop
processes which need to be a policy
large
frameworkretailstoenterprises.
facilitate performance Future
employed to enhance
studies
1. should
It is recommended
fasterImplementation also make
that
of the a
sugar
best
include a good communication
comparison
manufacturing amongst
firms develop
inventory
process between management internal anda policy
practices
other
framework
such retail
as JIT business
toand MRPclassifications.
facilitate faster
external parties may have an impact
implementation
2.
on The firms should
performance. ofThe thealsobest inventory
strengthen
suggestion is
no recommendation given
management
the
thatsupplier
technology practices
relation
supports to thesuch as JIT
level
good of
partnerships
and MRP.
practice and also
and results in not only
business
concentrate
2. It is also recommended
sustainability. onBasic
one supplier
inventory that
sotools
sugar
that
the
firms
are fundamental to the business inmar
failure
consider of oneinvesting
supplier in will
modern
not
This
the study
technology
order production
to strictlyrecommends
andsystemimplement
maintain to EDI.
the This
management
3.
willOrganizations
reduce inventory
performance, of
to Kenyashould
push breweries
costs
the trainandtheirltd
business
beer distribution
personnel
improve returns.
in the
towards its goals and to be firms
area of inventory
in
3. Nairobi
The firms
control
successful County new should
inshould
management also adopt
thatstrengthen
markets will
effective
the supplier
empower inventory
them relation
to be management
tointhe
chargelevelforof p
The managers
practices
smooth like just
running ofofSMEs should
inthe inventory
consider
time and seriously
management material IM as oraprogram
requirement
activities strategic
concept
planning.
4. The study simply because
Thisrecommended
is because such effective
that topIM
positively
inventory
management influences
should productivity.
management emphasis on
In reference
There
practices is profound
would to the findings
scope
improve forand
their
the proper inventory management
conclusion,
improving theoperations
study recommends
techniquesthe
profitability and operating
measuring and
cash
of flows.
that
This the
performance firm
studydeviations
efficiency should
of SMEstothrough
recommends the the
identify
embrace
application inventory
ofinof thecontrol
quality practices systems
management
weaknesses
It is the beer
process of in IM.
distribution
and
firms information
to develop technology so as to
managing
therefore inventoriesthat adequate
necessary
improve
effective and
strategicenhance policies and
management
competitive of raw
advantage. materials
Unga Group
guidelines
inventory on
should inventory
be pursued management
by
Limited
to guideshouldthe staff develop
to in Ghana. a policy
manufacturing
framework firms This
no
can be theyfor
recommendation
ensure achieved holdfasteroptimal
by giveninventory
encouraging
implementation
levels. Holding of the best
optimal inventory
inventory
large scale
management mechanized
practices like JIT and
would
production help of thethe major raw materials
MRP.
firms The
to minimizefirm shouldcostsand andre-training
maximize
in Ghana
invest in and
modern training
information
their
of profitability
staff fromintime and
to operating cash
technology
flows. inventory management
time
as to will
this update reduce theirinventory
knowledge and
The
skills study
in recommends
modern manufacturing that the
costs
managementand improve returns,
of Kenya breweries improve ltd
techniques
information sharing and hasten
beer distribution
orders
firms infrom Nairobi suppliers
County should focus
hence shortening
on growing their firms the leadsincetime.highIn
Since organization cannot relegate
the importance of evolving and
maintaining effective inventory
control system to the
background, there is the need for
them to adopt a proactive
Like any other
attitudes towards study, thethis issue.studyBeing has
several limitations.
proactive requires Instrument as a
questionnaire
maintenance of the right level offor the
measurement
inventory at any constructs
point in time. are not
standardized
Organizations should avoid thethey
items. However,
are abstained
dangers that are throughinherent intensive
literature
no recommendation
in keeping review
too little andorgiven statically
too much of
validated.
stock. Yet, it is recommended for
future
To achieve research thetoabove, it is
revalidate
recommended measurement that organizations scales used
The study
under this was
research conducted with in the
better
adopt
textile, the
rolling inventory
mills and keeping
food and
representative
method that observations.
best suits
beverage
A single companies.
respondent Similar
in ajust-in-time
firm was
their
studies operation.
could be Here,replicated in other of
asked
method to respond
could to
be consideredoverall aspect
no recommendation
industries
inventory to examine
management given
the role ofas
an option
inventory as
management it has been proven
practice.
to be But,
effective in reality,
in no person in
practices
a firm is in incharge
the performance of inventory of
maintaining
production the right level
department. of
Similar
management
To curb various
inventory and practice.
also challenges Future of
studies
research can should also beprevent
seek carried
to
stock-
utilize out to
inventory
outs. There shrinkage
is also in the
the need Company,
for
determine
multiple the impact from
respondents of effective each
Safaricom
organizations should to train consider their
inventory
participating management
enterprises on to inventory
implementation
personnel in the of a area vendor of managed
organization‟s
enhance the performance,
research findings.
inventory
control to lower incidences
management. What ofIn this
this
challenges
study, structural in inventory equation management
model
stock-out
means
This study isthesituations,
that
thus only of
suggests increase
trained some thewas
and
appliedalso impact the use of
levels
professionalofwith
recommendations customer awith to services
the remedy and certain
vendor managed
relatively lower sampleinventory. size. Future
Hence,
reduce
requisite
defects costs thedue
inskill should
company to an beto increase
inachieve
charge
inventory inof
studies
future should
researchers attempt can consider it a
inventory
policy andturns management.
if these andrecommendations
a decrease in the
larger
with sample
larger sample to determine
size foras whether
levels
The
are of safety
reason
implemented, is stockobvious
the and
company’s greater most
the
no recommendation
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imply TQM that,
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studies thosecould stock
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missed.
study, and making and sure that
by setting
utility
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time. control
labor, globally.
material, This will
assembly
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(1995) are,
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levels
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capital, of
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and
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at KPLC.
reorder
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determination, measured skilledinstore order to
The
costs; industry
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the factors were
determine
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enhancing a significant
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Furthermore.
function. work
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moderating
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In particular, theKenya thisneed
together
of optimization to meet on
to modernizeofitsKPLC. The study thus customer
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research recommends
requirements.
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recommends
that
overallEconomicthat
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ot:Organizations
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specific
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