SATORP/

TRI
NTERVI
EW QUESTI
ONNARE(
WELDI
NG)

1)Whati
sthepackagenumberandexpl
ain?

 Packageonest
andsf
orDi
sti
l
lat
ion&Hy
drot
reat
inguni
t.

Di
ff
erentuni
tsar
e

 91/
92-Hi
ghPr
essur
eHy
droDesul
phur
izat
ion

 101/
102-LowPr
essur
eHy
droDesul
phur
izat
ion

 111/
112-
Napht
haHy
drot
reat
erUni
t

 151/
152-Di
sti
l
lat
ionandHy
drot
reat
ingHy
drogenUni
t

 155-Of
fGasPSAUni
t

 150-
Hydr
ogenst
orageuni
t

 011/
012-Cr
udeDi
sti
l
lat
ionUni
t/Vacuum Di
sti
l
lat
ionUni
t

2)Whatar
ethedut
ies&r
esponsi
bil
it
iesofawel
dingi
nspect
or?
 Per
for
m mat
eri
ali
nspect
ion.

 Per
for
m consumabl
einspect
ion.

 Appl
i
cat
ionofi
nspect
iongauges,
inst
rument
sandt
ool
s.

 Checkequi
pmentandaccessor
ies.

 Wi
tnesspr
ocedur
equal
i
ficat
iont
est
.

 Wi
tnesswel
derqual
i
ficat
iont
est
.

 Per
for
mvi
sual
inspect
ion.

 Rev
iew/wi
tnessNDT

 Wi
tnessmechani
cal
test
.
  Moni
torheatt
reat
ment

 Obser
vepr
oduct
ionandf
abr
icat
ionwel
ding.

 I
nter
pretandassur
ecompl
i
ancet
oCode/St
andar
d/Speci
fi
cat
ion.

 Rev
iewt
echni
cal
drawi
ng.

 Wi
tnesswel
drepai
r.

 Pr
epar
eandcompi
l
einspect
ionr
ecor
ds.

3)Whati
sthef ormulaforheatinput
?
a.HeatInput(j
/cm)=VoltagexAmper
agex60/Tr
avel
Speed(cm/min)

4)Whatar
ewel
derqual
if
icat
ionl
imi
ts?

 Basemetalquali
fi
cati
onlimits.(Pno.andThickness)
 Fi
ll
ermater
ialquali
fi
cati
onlimits.(
FNo. )
 Pi
pediameterandpositi
onqual if
icati
onli
mit
s.
 Weldmetalthi
cknessqualif
icati
onl i
mits.

5)
Whati
sWPS?
 TheWPSi
sawr
it
tendocumentt
hatpr
ovi
desdi
rect
iont
othe
welderf
ormakingproduct
ionwel
dsi
naccor
dancewi
th
Code/St
andar
dr equi
rements.

6)Howi
sthePr
ocedur
eQual
i
ficat
ionRecor
d(PQR)di
ff
erentf
rom t
he
WPS?

 Procedur
eQuali
fi
cationRecordcerti
fi
esthatt
estwel
ds
perfor
medinaccordancewiththeWPSmeetCode
requir
ement
sandsummar i
zest hespeci
fi
ctestr
esul
ts.

7)Whati
sPQR?
  Arecordofweldi
ngv ar
iablesusedt
oproduceanaccept
abl
etest
weldmentandtheresul
tsoft est
sconduct
edontheweldmentt
oqual
i
fya
weldi
ngprocedur
especi f
icati
on.

8)Whatar
eessent
ialv
ari
abl
es?

a.Essent
ial
Var
iabl
e(Pr
ocedur
e)–Achangei
nawel
ding
condi
ti
onwhi
chwillaf
fectthemechani
calpr
operti
es(ot
her
thannot
cht
oughness)ofthewel
dment.E.
g.–changei
nPNumber
,
wel
dingpr
ocess,
Fnumber
,el
ect
rode,
preheatorpost
wel
dheatt
reat
ment
.
b.Essenti
alVari
able(Perf
ormance)–Achangei nawel di
ng
condit
ionwhichwi l
laf
fectt
heabili
tyofaweldertodeposi
t
soundweldmet al.E.
g-changei nweldi
ngprocess,del
eti
onof
backi
ng,elect
rode,Fnumber,techni
queetc.

9)Whataresupplementaryessenti
alvari
abl
es?
a.Thechangei nawel di
ngcondi
tionwhichwi
ll
aff
ectt
henot
ch
toughnessproperti
esofaweldmentisknownas
supplementaryessent
ial
vari
able.

10) Canweuset
wowel
dingpr
ocessi
naWPS?

 Yes(
E.g.
:GTAW +SMAW)

11) Whati
sPWHT?

 Postwel
dheattr
eat
ment(
PWHT),
defi
nedasanyheatt
reatmentaf
ter
weldi
ng,i
soft
enusedt
oimpr
ovetheproper
ti
esofaweldment.

12) Whywear
eusi
ngPWHT?

 Toi
ncr
easet
her
esi
stancet
obr
it
tl
efr
act
ureandr
elaxi
ngr
esi
dual
str
esses.

13)
Ment
iont
hedr
yingt
emper
atur
esf
orl
owhy
drogenSMAW el
ect
rodes?

 260-
430°
Cfor2hr
smi
n(A5.
1)

 370-
430°
Cfor2hr
smi
n(A5.
5)
 120-
250°
Cfor2hour
smi
nimum.(
SSandNon-
 Fer
rousel
ect
rodes)

14)
Whatdoy
oumeantbyl
owhy
drogenconsumabl
es?

 Lowhydr
ogenconsumabl
esar
edef i
nedasl
esst
hanorequal
to
8mlofhydr
ogenper100gofdeposi
tedwel
dmetal
.

15)
Whatar
edi
ssi
mil
armet
alwel
ds?
 Anywel djoint(
excludingweldoverl
aysorstripl
ini
ng)between
ferr
it
icsteelandeitherausteni
ti
cstai
nlesssteel
,duplex
stai
nlesssteel,
ornickel-
basedall
oys,orUseofstai
nlesssteel
ornickel
-basedfil
l
ermet alsonferr
it
icsteel
s.

16) Explainabout31. 3?
 Thepipingwhi chisgeneral
lyf
oundi
npetrol
eum r
efi
neri
es,
chemical
,
pharmaceutical,
text
il
e,paper,
semiconduct
orandcry
ogeni
cplants,
and
rel
atedprocessingplants.

 Thissectionincludes
a) Acceptabl emat eri
alspecificationsandcomponentst andar ds,incl
udi
ng
dimensi onalr
equi rements&pr essur et
emper at
urer at
ings.
b) Requirement sf ordesignofcomponent sandassembl ies,including
pipi
ngsuppor ts.
c) Requirement sanddat aforev aluat i
onandl imit
ati
onofst r
esses,
react
ions, andmov ement sassoci atedwithpressure,t
emper ature
changes, andot herforces.
d) Guidanceandl imitat
ionsont hesel ecti
onandappl icationofmat er
ial
s,
component s,
andj oiningmet hods.
e) Requirement sf orthefabrication,assembl y,anderectionofpi ping.
f) Requirement sf orexaminat i
on, i
nspection,andtest
ingofpi pi
ng.

19)
Whatar
ethet
ypesofMechani
cal
test
s?
 Tensi
onTest
s
 Gui
dedBendTest
s
 Fi
l
letWel
dTest
s
 Not
chToughnessTest
  St
udWel
dTest

20)
Thet
erm usedt
odescr
ibedel
ayi
nthepr
oduct
ionschedul
etoper
mit
i
nspect
ioni
s__
___
___
__

 Hol
dPoi
nt

21)Equat
ionf
orHeatI
nput
?

 H=60EI/1000S

Wher
e,

 H-
-HeatI
nput(
KJ/
mm)

 E-
-Ar
cVol
tage(
vol
ts)

 I–Cur
rent(
Amps)

 S–Tr
avel
Speed(
in/
min)

22) Whati
sthePr
ocedur
eQual
if
icat
ionThi
cknessLi
mit
s?

ASMESECI
X QW –452

i
) I
tist
het
estcoupon<1¨-Si
zewel
ded(
Dia)
i
i
) Thi
cknessal
way
s2T–T–Thi
cknessofTestCoupon
i
i
i) Mi
nimum Thi
cknessQual
i
fied–1.
5mm

23) Whatar
et heessent i
alvar
iabl
esf
orPWHT?
 Heati
ngr ate
 Temper atureat
tai
ned
 Choki
ngt emper at
ureand
 Cooli
ngr ate.

24) Whati
sthegapofsocketwel
d?
 1.
5mm t
o3mm
25) For
mul
aef
orcar
bonequi
val
ent
?

 CE=C+(
Mn)
/6+(
Cr+Mo+V)
/5+(
Ni+Cu)
/15

26) Whatdoy
oumeanbyI
TP?
Iti
samandat oryit
em int
heQual
i
tyPl
antogui
deandassure
quali
tyi
naspeci f
icty
peofworki
naspeci
fi
csequenceofQC
acti
vi
tysteps.

27) Whati
sNCR?
 NCR:(NonConfor
mit
yrepor
t):Ar
ecor
drepor
ti
ngt
hev
ari
ati
onf
rom t
he
speci
fi
edr
equi
rement
s.

28)
Howdoy oucal
cul
atethewel drepai
rpercent
age?
 %RR=(Lr
/Lw)X100
Wher
e, %RR– Per centrepai
rrate
Lr--Tot
al l
engthofrepai
rinoneweek
Lw--Totall
engthofweldr
adiogr
aphedi
none
week

29) RT%ofM,
D,Nor
mal
andSev
ercy
cli
cser
vice?
 DSer
vice: a)ifrati
ngis≥1500lb,100%RT
b)IfMDT≤- 29º
C,5%RT
c)Hy drocar
bonserv
ice,100%

 Mser
vice: a)i
frat
ingis≥600lb,100%RT
b)I
fMDT≤- 29º
C,20%RT
c)Hydrocar
bonservi
ce,100%
 HPSer
vice:100%RT
 SCSer
vice:
100%RT

30)
Whatshoul
dbet hedi
stanceb/
wtwopar al
lelwel
ds?
 20mm orthreet
imesthewal
lthi
cknessofthej
oint
,whi
chev
er
i
sgreater
.

31)
Whatfactors(giv
eatl eastf
our)ar
etakenint
oaccountwhensel
ect
ingand
desi
gningaj oi
ntforawel di
ngappli
cat
ion?
 St rength
 Accessi bil
it
yforwelding
 Mi nimizedistorti
on
  Costofweldi
ng
 Accessi
bil
i
tyfori
nspect
ion

32) Whati sthedi

ff
erenceb/wst
udbol
tandmachinebolt
?
 Machinebol
thasaheadononesi
deandnutonothersi
debutst
udbol
t
hav
enut sonbothsi
des.

33) Whichst
andar
ddoy
our
eferf
ort
hewel
dingequi
pmentcal
ibr
ati
on?
 BS7570.

34)
Whatar
et hetest
srequi
redforver
if
yingsuppl
ement
aryessent
ial
var
iabl
es?
Notchtoughnesst
ests-
 CharpyV-Notchtest
 Dropweight.

35)Whatisthechemi
calcomposit
ionofalowhydrogenelect
rode–
E7018?
 E7018–C0.15,Mn1.60,Si0.75,
P0.035,
S0. 035,Ni0.
30,
Cr
0.20,
Mo0.
3,V0.08.

36)
WhatdoesLstandsf
or316Landt
hecomposi
ti
on?
 LowCarbon.

37)
Ment
iont
hedr
yingt
emper
atur
esf
orl
owhy
drogenSMAW el
ect
rodes?

 260-
430°
Cfor2hr
smi
n(A5.
1)

 370-
430°
Cfor2hr
smi
n(A5.
5)
 120-250°
Cf or2hoursmi
nimum.(
SSandNon-
Ferr
ouselectrodes)

37)Whatar
ethedi
ff
erentf
act
orst
hatcauseHI
C?
 Asensi
ti
vemi
crost
ruct
ure
 Asuf
fi
ci
entl
evel
ofhy
drogen
 Ahi
ghl
evel
ofst
ress
38) Whati
sthemini
mum t
hicknessofpi
pet
hatr
equi
resst
ressr
eli
evi
ngt
o
be
doneasperB31.
3?
 19mm

39)Whatist
hefuncti
onofshi eldi
nggas?
 Stabi
l
isesthearcrootsont hemat
eri
alsur
faces.
 Ensuressmoothtransferofthemol
tenmetalfr
om t
hewi
ret
o
weldpool.
 Formsthearcplasma.

40) Ifwel
deri
squal
i
fiedi
n3G posi
ti
oni
npi
pes,hecanwel
dal
l
posi
ti
on?

3Gposi
ti
oninpipenotment
ionedi
nASMESecIX,
Thepi
peposit
ionsar
e1G,2G,5Gand6GasperASMESecI
X.

41)
IfMechanicaldamageoccur r
edonbasemet al
swhatwi l
lbey ourcourseof
acti
on?
IfanyMechani caldamagef oundont hebasemet al
,conductt hethickness
measurementandMagnet i
cPar ti
cleTestorPenetr
antTesttobeconduct ed,i
f
iti
swithintol
eranceacceptitotherwi
sesubmittherepor
ttohigherauthorit
yfor
fur
theracti
on.

42)
Youhav eobser
v edinthespecimencertai
ndefects,whydoy ouconsideri
tas
import
antanddot herepor
tofit,st
atetwoplanardefect
s?Whatar ecausesfor
theoccurr
enceofitandhowwi l
lyouavoidi
t?
Defect
s:Isarejectabl
eonei.
e.,
adisconti
nuit
ywhichexceedsthecodeli
mitsi
s
defect
s.Dependingupontheconditi
onsandsev er
it
yithastoberepai
red.

Thet
wopl
anardef
ect
sar
ei)Lackofsi
dewal
lfusi
oni
i
)Under
cut
.

i
)Lackofsi dewallf
usi
on:Cont aminat
edsurf
acemayduetooi
l,gr
ease,and
rustetc.
,andt oonar
row gap,curr
entveryl
ow andi
mpropermani
pulat
ionof
elect
rodes.

Prevent
ion:Bev elendsshallbet hor
oughlycl
eanedandfr
eefrom detr
imental
cont
ami nants,
appropr
iaterootgap,wel
dingpar
ameterwi
thi
ntheWPSr angeand
ri
ghtmani pul
ati
onofelectr
odes.

i
i
)Under
cut :Duet
oexcessi
vecur
rent
,tr
avel
speedt
oohi
gh.

Pr
event
ion :Appr
opr
iat
etr
avel
speed,
wel
dingpar
amet
ersundercont
rol
and
 shal
lbewi
thi
ntheWPSr
ange.

43) Whati
sthePNo;
forCS&SS?
 CS-P1
 SS-
P8

44)
But
ter
ingorweldbuil
dupont hepreparedsurf
aceshallnotexceed
r
d
 Exceedt hel
esserof1/3 ofbasemet althi
cknessor10mm wit
houtt
he
pri
orapprov
alofthecompany .

45)I
nter
nal
misal
i
gnmentofBut
tjoi
ntsshal
lnotexceed
 1.
5mm

46)
Fil
l
etWeldProf
il
es
 Convex,
Concav
e,Mi
tr
e

47)
Expl
ainE8018
E–Electr
ode
80–TensileSt
rengt
h
1–foral
lPosit
ion
8–Coating

48)
Thepr
eheatshal
lbeest
abl
i
shedov
eramini
mum di
stanceof
 75mm oneachsideoft
heweld.

49)
Elect
rodes,
fil
l
erwi
res,
fluxwhi
chst
andar
dst
obeused?
 ASMESECI IC

50)
Whatequi
pmentwi
lluset
odet
ermi
neoxy
genl
evel
?
 OxygenScav
enger

51)
Whati
sthesur
facet
emper
atur
eofPT?
 5˚Cto52˚C

52)
Whati
stheFnumberf
ort
hef
il
lerwi
reER70S?
 6

53) Whatarethedut
iesofaQCI
nspect
orf
orConsumabl
e
r
ecei
vi
nginspecti
on?
 i. Checkt heTestCer t
ificat es( T.C.)ofeachbat chofel ect r
odesf ortheconf
ormanceofpar amet erswi thr especttoprojectr equirement s.
i
i. Checkt heav ail
abi l
it
yofl abelsoneachpackageuni t
s( PackorBox)andc
ompl etenessoft hei nf ormat i
oni nthem.
i
i
i. Checkt hecondi t
ionoft hepackageandel ect rode/f il
lerwi re.Ifanydama
gef ound, iti
sr epor t
edf ort hecor r
ecti
veact i
on.
i
v. Checkt hecor r
ect nessoft hebat chNo.;Electrode/Fill
erwi redi amet erand
otherdat awithr espectt ot heTestCer t
if
icate.
a.Afterinspect i
on, t
hewel di ngmat eri
alsarest oredint hewar ehouseori nth
ewel dingconsumabl escont r
ol room underambi enttemper ature.
b.Allweldi ngconsumabl esshal lbest or
edinr acks, offt hefloor ,
insuchaw
ayast opr ev
entanyphy sicaldamageorcont amination.Consumabl esfor
theuseonv arioust ypesandgr adesofmat erialshallbecl ear l
ysegr egat
e
dbyt ypeandsi zetomi nimi zepossi bi
li
tyofer r
orindi stri
bution.

54) Whati stheexposur

etimeforlowhydr
ogenel
ectrode?
 Theelect
rodesmaynotbeexceededmor et
hanfourhours,t
heexposur
e
maybeext endedto8hour
siftheel
ectr
odesar
econt i
nuousl
ystor
edina
por
tableovenupto65˚Cmini
mum.

55) Whatar ethethingstobecheckedinsockolets?

 Al
lfi
tti
ngboresaretobeconcentri
cwithi
n0.76mm f orall
sizes.
 Topreventcr
ackingofafi
l
letweldinst
all
a1. 5cardboardwasheror
wi
thdrawthepipe1.5mm from bott
om ofthesocketbeforewelding.

56) Whypostheati
ngisdoneonsomepipeaftert
hewel
dingi
sov
er?
 Tomai
ntai
nuni
for
m homogeneousst
ruct
ure.

57) Whatar eweldolet

sandsockol ets?Andwher et heyar
egeneral
lyused?
 Wel doletsandsockoletsareselfreinf
orcedfi
tt
ings.
 Wel doletsareusedforbuttweldedbr anchconnecti
onswherestandard
teeisnotavailabl
eduet osi
z erest
ri
cti
onsandt hepi
pingisata cr i
ti
cal/
high
pressureserv
ice.
 Sockolet sareusedtosocketwel dingbranchconnecti
onwhi
chr equi
res
rei
nforci
ngpads.

58) Whatisthedensi
tyofst
eel
?
 7.
86kg/
m³

59) I
n316L,
whati
stheLst
andsf
or?
  Lst
andsf
orl
owcar
bonst
eel

60) I fheatinputi ncreaseswhatwi l

lhappen?
 Yiel
dst rengthdecr eases
 Tensilest r
engthdecr eases
 Percenti nelongationincreases
 Notcht oughnesssl i
ghtl
yincreasesandthendecr
eases
 Hardnessdecr eases
 Coolingr atedecreases(R1/T0H)Wher eRisthecool
ingr
ate,
T0 i
s
t
hepr
eheatt emper ature,Hi stheheatinput.

61) Whati sthecauseofpor osit

y?
 Thepr esenceofgaspor esinawel dcausedbyent rapmentofgasdur i
ng
solidi
fi
cat ionistermedaspor osit
y.Thepor esar eint heform ofsmall
spherical cavi
tieseitherclusteredlocallyorscatteredt hr
oughoutthewel d
deposit.Somet imesent rappedgasgi verisetoasi nglelargecavit
ycalled
Blowhol es.
 Cause:-
A. Chemi call
yimper f
ectwel di
ngconsumabl es, forexample,defi
cient
i
ndeoxi di ser.
B. Faul tycomposi tionofbasemat eri
alorelectrode,forexample,high
sulphurcont ent .
C. Pr esenceofoi l
,grease, moistureandmi llscaleont heweld
surface.
D. Excessi vemoi stureintheel ectr
odecoat ingorsubmer ged-
arcf l
ux.
E. I nadequat egasshi eldi
ngori mpur egasinagas–shi el
dedpr ocess.
F. Lowwel di
ngcur rentort oolonganar c.
G. Qui ck-fr
eezingofwel ddeposi t.

62) Howdoy
oucal
cul
ateconcav
efi
ll
etwel
d?
  Calcul
atedbythroat
 Fil
l
etwel dsi
zeistheleglengthoft
helargesti
soscel
esr
ightt
ri
angl
e
whi
chcanbeinscri
bedwi t
hinthefil
l
etweldcrosssecti
on.

63) Howdoy
oucal
cul
atet
heconv
exf
il
letwel
d?

 Cal
culat
edbyLegsize
 Convexi
tyist
hemaximum di
stancefr
om t
hef
aceofconv
exf
il
letwel
d
per
pendicul
artol
i
nejoi
ningt
hewel dt
oes.

64) Whati
sanneal
ingandnor
mal
izi
ngpr
ocess?
 Anneali
ngpr ocessi saheatt reatmenti nwhichasoldst ateisheat edandt hen
cooledatasl owr ate.
 Theanneal ingt emper atureandt herateofcoolingdependont hemat er
ial
and
thepurposeoft het reatment .Anneal i
ngi susedtoeffectanyoft hef oll
owing
changesi nmet al:
 Tor elievest ress
 Inducesof t
ness
 Al t
ermechani calproper ti
es,electri
cal
,magneticorphy sicalpropert
ies.
 Ref inecr ystalli
nestruct ure
 Remov egases
 Pr oduceadef ini
temi crost r
ucture.
 Normalizingpr ocessi sapr ocessi nwhi chaferr
ousmet alisheat edtoasui table
temperatureabov et hetransfor mationrangeandi ssubsequent lycooledinst i
ll
airatr
oom t emper ature.

65) Whatar ethechar acter

isticsofgoodwel dingcable?
 Wearandabr asi
onr esist
ant
 Highelect
ri
cal resistance
 Goodheatr esistance
 Thesizeoft hecabl erequir
edforapar t
icul
arappli
cationdependsonthe
maximum amper aget obeusedf orwelding,t
helengthoft hewel
dingci
rcui
t
(wel
dingandwor kcabl escombi ned),andthedutycy cleofthewel
dingmachine.

66) Whatar ethet

est
srequi
redf
oranal
ysi
sofconsumabl
es?
 ChemicalAnal
ysi
s(ASMESECIIC)
 PMI(JERES-A-
206)

67)
Whatarethetest
srequi
redf
orv
eri
fyi
ngsuppl
ement
aryessent
ial
var
iabl
es?
 Not
chtoughness

68)Whati sanisotope?Diff
erentt
y pesofi sotope?Expl ai
nt hecharact
eri
sti
csof
isotope?
 Atomsoft hesameel ementwhichar eidenticali
nt heirchemicalbehavi
orbut
diff
erentfrom oneanotherinthenumberofneut r
onscont ainedinthei
rnuclei
,and
thushav ediff
erentat
omi cweight
s.
I sotopesalsoactasf l
owt r
acersfordet ecti
ngleaksi nburiedorinaccessi
ble
equipment .
I sotopessuchascobal t-
60,cesi
um- 137, andiri
dium- 192

69)Nametheinst
rumentusedf
ormeasur
ingdensi
tyofphot
ogr
aphi
cor
r
adiogr
aphicf
il
m?
 Densit
ometre
 70)Whataret hefactorsonwhi cht hedensit
yofradi
ographicf
il
m depends?
Thedensityofradiographicfi
lmsdependsupont hefol
lowing:-
A.Totalamountofr adiati
onemi ttedbyX- r
ayorgammar ay .
B.Amountofr adiati
onr eachi
ngt hespecimen.
C.Theamountofr adi
at i
onpassingt hroughthespeci
men.
D.Int
ensif
yingactionoft hescreenifused.

71)Howwi l
lyoucal culatet hegeomet r
icunshar pnessinr adiographi cfi
lm?
Geometri
cunshar pnessoft her adiographshal lbedetermi nedi naccor dance
wi
th:
Ug=Fd/ D
where
Ug=geomet ri
cunshar pness
F=sour cesi ze: t
hemaxi mum pr oj
ecteddimensi onoft her adiati
ngsource
(oref
f ectiv
ef ocal spot)inthepl aneperpendiculartot hedi stanceDf r
om
thewel dorobj ectbei ngradiographed, i
n.
D=di stancef rom sour ceofr adiati
ont oweldorobj ectbeing
radiographed, i
n.
d=di stancef rom sour cesideofwel dorobjectbei ngr adigraphedt of
il
m.
72) Whati st hewel derqual i
ficati
onbasedonfnumber ?

73) Whichmar
kersar
eusedonSSmat eri
als?
 Lowhal
ogensandLowsul
furl
essthan200ppm

74) Def
ineAr
cblow?
 Thedef
lect
ionofanar
cfr
om i
tsnor
mal
pat
hbecauseofmagnet
ic
 f
orces.

75) Whatarethestandar
dsforweldi
ngasJERSt andard?
 JERES-W-011-
Weldi
ngRequir
ement sforOn-PlotPipi
ng
 JERES-W-010-
Weldi
ngRequir
ement sforPressureVessels
 JERES-W-012-
Weldi
ngRequir
ement sforPipel
ines
 JERES-W-014-
WeldOverl
aysandWel di
ngofCl adMat er
ial
s
 JERES-W-016-
Weldi
ngofSpecialCorr
osion-Resi
stantMateri
als

76) Wr
it
ethewel
dlay
ers?

I
.Root
II
.HotPass
I
II
.Fi
ll
I
V.Cap

77) Whatar
etheWel
dmentTer
ms?

i
.WeldFace
ii
.WeldRoot
i
ii
.Fusi
onZone
i
v.Fusi
onBoundary
v.HeatAff
ectedZone(
HAZ)
vi
.WeldToes
v
ii
.WeldWidth

78)
Wri
teSmal
lBor
eFi
tt
ings?

Weldolet
Sockolet
Threadolet
El
bolet
Nippolet

79)
Drydevel
opers?
 Canbeappl iedbyspraying,f
lowi
ngpr
icysol
ventcanbeappli
edby
elect
rost
aticspraypart
icleshoul
dbe(-
)andhighvolt
ageshockal
ltobe
doneinal ogchambersowecansaucet he80%ofthemateri
al
80)
Pri
nci
pleofUT.

 Ref
lect
ionofSound

81) Whati
stheuseofCoupl
ant
?

 Tor
emov
etheai
rgapbet
weent
het
ransducerandobj
ect
.

82) Whati
stheWel
dingPr
ocess?

a)GTAW (
GasTungst enArcWel ding)
b)SMAW (Shi
eldedMet alArcWel di
ng)
c)SAW (
Submer gedAr cWel ding)
d)FCAW (Fl
uxCoat edArcWel ding)
e)GMAW (
GasMet al ArcWelding)
f) PAW (
PlasmaAr cWelding)

83) Wel
dingPosi
ti
on

Pi
pe–1GR,
2G,
5G,
6G,

Pl
ate–1G,
2G,
3G,
4G

PI
PE:
-

1G:
-APi
pei
sHor
izont
alPosi
ti
onandwel
dbeedi
sav
ert
ical
posi
ti
on.The
Pi
pewi
l
lber
otat
ed.

2G:
-APi
pei
sVer
ti
cal
Posi
ti
onandwel
dbeedi
sHor
izont
alPosi
ti
on

5G:
-APi
pei
sHor
izont
alPosi
ti
onandwel
dbeedi
sVer
ti
cal
Posi
ti
on

6G:
-APi sa450Posi
pei ti
on

PLATE:
-

1G:
-Pl
atei
sHor
izont
alandwel
disHor
izont
al

2G:
-Pl
atei
sVer
ti
cal
andwel
disHor
izont
al
 3G:
-Pl
atei
sVer
ti
cal
andwel
disVer
ti
cal

4G:
-APl
atei
sinOv
erheadPosi
ti
onwel
disHor
izont
alPosi
ti
on

84)Whatar
ethepr
eheatr
equi
rement
sasperJERES?

PREHEATREQUI REMENTS
MATERI AL WALLTHI CKNESS MINPREHEAT
Upt o30mm 20*
CS/LTCS 30-50mm 20**
>50mm 100
P4(P11) ALL 150
P5B(P5, P9) ALL 250
SS ALL 10
*Ifambienttemp.isbelow5˚C,preheatt o40˚Cismandat
ory.
**80˚Cmi n,i
fspeci
fi
edUTS≥490Mpa&heati /p<20KJ
Maxinterpasstemp.forSS(P8): 177˚ C
Maxinterpasstemp.forCS,al
loy( P5,P9,P11):
315˚
C

85)
Whywemai nt
aintheinter-
passt emper ature?
 They iel
dandul t
imatetensilestrengt hsoft heweldmet alar
ebotha
functi
onoft heint
er-
passt emper at ure.
 Highv aluesofinter-
passt emper atur etendt or
educethewel dmetal
strength.Additi
onall
y ,
higherinter-passt emper
atureswill
general
l
yprovi
de
afinergr ai
nst r
uctur
eandi mprov edChappyVnot chtoughnesstr
ansi
ti
on
temper atures.

86) Whati st hedi

fferenceb/wt ensil
et est&yieldtest?
 Atensiletesti
sat esttoobtainanaccur ateassessmentoft hestr
engthand
ducti
li
tyofamat erialorawel d,orinanall-
weld-metaltest,t
odet
ermine
mechani calpr
opertiessuchast ensil
estrength,y
ieldstrengt
h,el
ongati
on,
andreduct i
oninarea.
 Ay i
eldtestistoobt ai
nthestrengthatsomear bi
traryamountofextensi
on
underloadoraper manentpl asticstr
ain(off
set).
87) Lowhy
drogenel
ect
rodehandl
ingandov
ens?

 Whencont ai
nersoflowhy dr
ogenel ectrodesar eopened,theywi l
lbei m
mediat
elyplacedinanel ectr
odebaki ngov en.Theweldingmat er
ialstor
eshallbeacontroll
edaccessar ea.Unaut hori
zedpersonalincludingwel
der&weldingoperatedshal lbepr ohibitedconsumabl esfr
om outi t
.
 Themaxi mum electr
odesi ssuedshal lbef orabout5hour s.Fr om heati
ngoven,asagoodpr actice,electrodest obepl acedbelowt heel ectr
od
esti
l
l i
ntotheholdingoven.
 Baki
ngwi l
lbedonef orlowhy drogenel ectrodese.g.7018att emper atur
O
e350 Ci naccordancewi ththemanuf acturerr
ecommendat i
on.

88)
Whil
eweldi
ngofpi
petruni
ontopi
pe/
rei
nfor
cementpady
ouhav
etoputahol
e
orl
eavesomeport
ionofweldi
ngwhy
?
  Forv
ent
ingofhotgaswhi
chmaygetgener
atedduet
owel
ding.

89) Whatist heaf fecti

fthequanti
tyofhydr ogeninducedi nwel dmet ali
s
mor
e?
 Whenhy drogenismor einweldmet al,i
ttendstomaket hemat eri
al
bri
ttl
e&subsequent l
yleadstocracking.Thesecr acksarecalled
hydrogeni nducedcracki
ngordelayedcr ack.Toav oidthistheelect
rode
beforeusi ngisbackedat250˚Cto300˚ Cf oronehouri nmot heroven&
thencool eddownt o100˚Cinthesameov en&finallyt
ransferr
edt o
portableov enforusewheretemperat ur
ei smaintainedat60˚to70˚C

90)
List3di
sadv
ant
agesofRTov
erot
herNDTMet
hods.

 Radi
ati
onSaf
etyPr
ecaut
ions,
Planardef
ect
snotr
eadi
l
ydet
ect
abl
e,
heav
yequi
pment.

91)
Whydon’twet akeabr anchf
orCryogeni
cServicefr
om bott
om si
dethoughthe
fl
uidi
sinli
quidst ate?
 Thereist hechanceofIcef
ormationduri
ngnormaloper
ati
onandsince
icef
lowsf r
om thebot
tom ofthepipei
twill
blockt
hebranchpipe
connection.

92) From whi

chsideofpi
pewil
lyoutakeabr
anchconnect
ion?
 WhenFlui
disGas,Ai
rorSt
eam andCry
ogeni
cServi
ce–Topsi
de.
WhenFlui
disLi
quid–Bott
om Side.

93) Whatarethediff
erentt
ypesofhar
dnesst
est
scar
ri
edout
?
 Bri
nel
lhar
dnessTest.
Rockwel
lHardnessTest.
Vi
ckerHardnessTest.

94) Whatisatheoret
icalt
hroat?
 Thedist
ancefr
om thebeginningofthej
ointr
ootperpendi
cul
art
ot he
hypot
enuseofthelargestr
ightt
ri
anglet
hatcanbeinscri
bedwit
hinthe
cr
osssecti
onofaf il
l
etweld.Thisdi
mensionisbasedonthe
assumpt
iont
hatt
her
ootopeni
ngi
sequal
tozer
o.

95) Whati
sthepr
ocedur
eforappl
icat
ionofwr
appi
ngandcoat
ing?
 Procedur
eforappl
icat
ionofCoati
ngandwrappi
ng:-
A.Pr
iort
oappli
cat
ionofwrappi
ng&coating,t
hesur
faceofpi
peshoul
dbemade
freefrom alll
ooseMi l
lscale,
dirt,
rust,grease,moistureandot herfor
eign mater
ial.
Thisisachievedbybl astcl
eaningtogr adeSa2½.
B.Thepipeexteri
orsurfaceorbl astsurfaceshall
becoat edwithpri
merwi thi
n
fourhour sofshotblasti
ng.Thepr i
mershal lnotbeappl i
edwhent hepipesur
face
temper atur
eisbelow7˚ Candabov e70˚ C.Whenmoi stureispresentonthe
surface,thesamei sheatedforsuffici
entt i
met odrythesur f
ace.
C.Thepipeafterpri
mingshal lbecoat edwithtwo-fl
oodcoatofhotenamel
i
ncor porati
ngthesimultaneousappl i
cationofinner&out erwrapping.

96)Howyouwi l
lmeasureli
neari
ndi
cat
ionsandaccept
ance?
Mat
erialt
hickness size
thk≤16mm ≤1.6mm
16mm ≥thk<50mm ≤3.2mm
t
hk≥50mm ≤5mm

97)
Whatisadupl exstainl
esssteel
?
 Thet erm dupl
exstainl
esssteeldescr
ibessteelwithmicro-
str
ucture
containi
ngaust eni
teandferr
it
einwhi chthelesserphaseisatleast30%
byv olume.Fir
stgenerati
onduplexstainl
esssteels(t
ypical
l
y26%Cr ,4.
5%
Ni,and1.5%Mo)wer eabout5t o80%f err
it
e.

98)WhatisDI
RECTCURRENTELECTRODEPOSI TIVE(DCEP)?
 Thearrangementofdi
rectcur
rentar
cweldi
ngleadsinwhi
cht
heel
ectr
ode
istheposit
ivepol
eandtheworkpiecei
sthenegati
vepol
eoft
heweldi
ng
arc.

99)
Whati
sDIRECTCURRENTELECTRODENEGATI VE(DCEN)?
 Thearrangementofdi
rectcur
rentar
cweldi
ngleadsi
nwhi
cht
heelect
rode
i
sthenegati
vepol
eandwor kpiecei
stheposi
ti
vepol
eoft
hewel
dingarc.

100)Whatar
egrai
ns?
 Groupsofcr
yst
alspr
esent
ingmet
alaf
teri
thav
esol
i
dif
ied.

101) Whatarethetypesofgasket?
 Basedonconst r
ucti
on
A.Fullf
ace.
B.Spir
alwoundmet all
i
c.
C.Ringtype.
D.Metal j
acketed.
E.I
nsideboltcircl
e.
 Basedonmat eri
al
A.Syntheti
crubber
 B.Sol
idTefl
on
C.CompressedAsbestos
D.CS(Hi
ghpressurefl
uid)
E.SS(Hi
ghf l
uidcor
rosive)
F.Spi
ral
Wounda)Tef lonb)CSc)SS

1)Whatar
et het ypesoff l
anges?
 Basedonpi peat tachment
Sli
p–on.-TheSl i
p-ont ypef langesar eattachedbywel di
nginsideas
wel lasout side.Thesef l
angesar eofforgedconst ructi
on.
SocketWel d.:-TheSocketWel df l
angesar ewel dedononesi deonl y.
Thesear eusedf orsmal l borel i
nesonl y
.
Scr ewed: -TheScr ewed- onf langesar eusedonpi peli
neswher ewel di
ng
cannotbecar ri
edout .
LapJoi nt.:-TheLapJoi ntflangesar eusedwi thstubends.Thest ub
endsar ewel dedwi thpipes&f langesarekeptl ooseov erthesame.
Wel dingNeck.: -TheWel di
ngneckf l
angesar eat t
achedbybut twelding
tot hepi pe.Thesear eusedmai nlyforcrit
icalservi
ceswher ethewel d
j
oint sneedr adio-gr aphicinspect i
on.
Blind.: -TheBl i
ndf langesar eusedt ocl
oset heendswhi chneedt obe
reopened.
Reduci ng.: -Ther educingf langesar eusedt oconnectbet weenl ar
ger
andsmal l
ersizeswi t
houtusi ngar educer.Incaseofr educingflanges,
thet hicknessoff l
angeshoul dbet hatofthehi gherdiameter.
Integral.:-Integr al fl
angesar et hose,whicharecastal ongwitht he
pipingcomponentorequi pment .

 Fl
angesar
ecl
assi
fi
edbasedonpr
essur
etemper
atur
erat
ingsas:
-
A.150
B.300
C.400
D.600
E.900
F.1500
G.2500

 Fl
angesareclassifi
edbasedonf
aci
ngas:
-
A.Fl
atface.(
FF)
B.Rai
sedface.(R/F)
C.Tongueandgr oove.(
T/G)
D.Maleandfemal e.(M/
F)
E.Ri
ngtypejoint
.(RTJ)
  basedonf acef i
nishas:
-
A.Smoot hfini
sh.
B.Serr
atedf i
nish.

102)Whatistackweld?
 Tackweldisthetemporaryweldtomaintai
njoi
ntal
ignment.All
tack
weldsshall
bemadebyqual if
iedwelder
s.Recommendedt ackthickness
i
s3. 2–4.8mm &l engt
his12.5-25.
4mm.t hemini
mum numberoft ack
weldsfor3.
5inchandbelowar e3equall
yspacedtacks.Above3.5inch4
equall
yspacedtacks.

103)Whati
sSchedul
e‘Q’
?

 Schedul
eQst
andsf
orOwner
’smi
nimum qual
i
tyr
equi
rement
sfor
Cont
ract
or/
Subcont
ract
orqual
i
tysy
stem.

104)Whattypeofcut
ti
ngusedi
sSS?Ty
pesofGr
indi
ngwheel
andhowt
o
i
dent
if
ythem?

 Pl
asmaar
ccut
ti
ngandgr
indi
ngwheel

 Ty
pesf
orgr
indi
ngwheel
are:
Ironoxi
de,
zir
coni
um,
Alumi
num oxi
de.

 I
dent
if
icat
ionbycol
orcodi
ng.
(bl
ue)

105)Whatarethecommonwel di
ngdefect
s?
A.Lackofpenet rat
ion.
B.Lackoff usion.
C.Under cut.
D.Slaginclusion.
E.Porosity.
F.Crack.
G.Faultyweldsi ze&pr of
il
e.
H.Distorti
on

106)Ty
pesofOr
if
icePl
ates

Concent
ri
cOrif
ice
El
ectr
icOri
fi
ce
SegmentOri
fi
ce
107)Whati
sthePr
ofi
l
eImper
fect
ion?

i
)Spat
ter

i
i
)InCompl
etel
yfi
l
ledGr
oov
e

i
i
i)LackofRootFusi
on

i
v)I
ncompl
eteRootPenet
rat
ion

v
)Shr
inkageGr
oov
es

v
i)RootConcur
ri
ng

v
ii
)Cr
aterPi
pe

v
ii
i)ExcessPenet
rat
ion

i
x)Bur
nThr
ough

108)Whatdoessensi
ti
vi
tydependson?

Def
ini
ti
onandCont
rol

109)Ty
pesofPr
obei
nUT?

Nor
mal
probe,
Angul
arpr
obe,
tri
angul
arpr
obe(
45°
,60°
,70°
).

110)Hy
drophi
l
icemul
sif
iesar
e?

Wat
ermi
scibl
eli
quidsusedt
oemul
sif
ytheexcessoi
lfl
uor
escent
penet
rat
ion.

111)Thedi
scont
inui
ti
eswoul
dbei
mpossi
blet
odet
ectusi
ngPT?

I
nter
nal
incl
usi
ons

112)Whatisanall
oyst eel
?
I
ronbasedal
l
oy -c<2%,Mn>.25%,minquanti
ti
esofoneormor e
al
loyingel
ementsotherthanMn,
sil
i
conandCu,thatdoesnotspeci
fyCr
content≥10%