Cementing Design

Cementing design
ITEM
1. Description
2. Preparation
3. The main factor contacting with
the displacing ratio
4. Rule and method
5. Procedure
1、 Description
Basic rule
⚫ Keep the annular pressure balance while
pumping and WOC
⚫ Displace all the mud away the cementing
section
⚫ The lost circulation or oil/gas/water
channeling into the annular will not
happen
1、 Description
The type of cementing

⚫ Normal cementing operation
⚫ Pump cement plug
⚫ Squeezing
1、 Description
Main contents
① Well conditions : analyzing the
temperature/ pressure / open hole
condition/mud properties
② Selecting the cementing type and method
③ Slurry design: weight/ volume /properties
④ Ahead water and behind water design
1、 Description
Main contents
⑤ Selecting the cementing equipment
and tools/casing accessories
⑥ Displacing technology design:
Displacing speed/operation program
⑦ Preparation before cementing:
cleaning the open hole/adjusting the
mud properties
⑧ Cementing result evaluation
1、 Description
Design procedure :
① Selecting and analyzing the basic data used
for the design
② Deciding the cementing method
③ Calculating the volume of slurry/ahead
water/behind water/displacing mud
④ Planning the position of the casing accessories
⑤ Making the operation procedures and the plan
1、 Description
Design procedure :
⑥ Simulating and evaluation the cementing
operation, comparing the design results
⑦ Adjusting the design data on the base of the
simulating and evaluation
⑧ Carry out the design cementing procedures
⑨ Analyzing and evaluating the operation
results
2、 Preparation
1）Requirement for the cementing design ：

⚫ The top depth of cement
⚫ The top and bottom depth of the production zones
⚫ The position of the shut-off set collar for the plug
⚫ The time for wait on cement(WOC)
⚫ The quality of cementing between the casing and the
formations
⚫ The properties of the cement stone
⚫ The information of the formation between the open
hole section: temp./pressure/production zones
2、 Preparation
2） information of the formation

（１） temperature
⚫ The difference between the top and bottom of
cementing section
⚫ BHCT
⚫ BHST
⚫ Temperature of the mixing water
⚫ The temperature will affect the amount of
cement additive and the compress strength of
cement stone
2、 Preparation

Obtaining of the temperature data
 logging data
 measuring
 calculating with computer
2、 Preparation

（2）pressure
 pore pressure：
mud weight
logging
 breaking pressure
lost circulation test
calculating with computer
2、 Preparation

（3）situation while drilling
⚫ High pressure
⚫ Lost circulation
⚫ Salt zones
2、 Preparation

（4）production zone
oil
gas
oil with water
gas with water
oil with gas and water
2、 Preparation
3）information of the open hole

size of drilling bit
casing structure
depth of the well
size of the open hole logging
2、 Preparation
4）type of drilling mud and the properties

weight
viscosity
YP water base mud
WL saturation water with salt mud
Ph oil with water mud
oil base mud
2、 Preparation
5）cement/additives/pumping and mixing

equipment
⚫ amount of the cement and additives
⚫ Properties of the pumping and mixing equipment
⚫ Ability of the pumping and mixing equipment
3、The main factor contacting with the displacing ratio
⚫ Centralization ratio of casing

⚫ Properties of the fluid (slurry/pre-
flush and spacer)
⚫ Data for displacing
– Flowing form of the fluid
– Contacting time of the turbulent flow
– The properties of mud
3、 The main factor contacting with the displacing ratio
gap Following form of slurry Displacing ratio

(mm) (%) Average
Return speed
Re
(m/s)
W(35.1) 2.0--3.0 normal>3500 97.6
M(20.5) 0.3--0.6 100<Re<800 94.5

80.3
S( 8.9) .05--.10 5<Re<10 50.5

4、The rule and the method of cementing design
4.1 The balance rule

⚫ While pumping and
displacing
– Keep over pressure：
Pa > Pp + P
Pa：static pressure
Pp：pore pressure
P：safety factor
– No lost circulation
Pa + Pfa < Pf - P Pp Pa
Pfa：flowing resistance of the fluid

in the annular
Pf：breaking pressure
4、 The rule and the method of cementing design
4.1 The balance rule

⚫ While w.o.c.
– Controlling the weight lost
of the slurry column
– Preventing the channeling

Pa + Pc < Pp
Pp Pa
Pc：The flowing resistance of formation in
the slurry
4.2 The selecting of cementing technology

⚫ primary cementing
⚫ stage cementing
⚫ liner cementing
⚫ special cementing:
-- stab-in cementing
-- out-site casing cementing
-- reversing circulating cementing
-- ………
4.2 The selecting of cementing technology

The selecting rule for stage cementing
⚫ long cementing section with large volume slurry
will be pumped
⚫ There is a danger of lost circulation while
cementing
⚫ there are gas zones at the bottom section of the
open hole
⚫ There is a big temp. difference between the top
and bottom cementing section
4.3 slurry design

⚫ The displacing form of the fluid design
⚫ The slurry column design
⚫ The requirement for the system and the
properties of the slurry
⚫ The recipe test of the slurry
⚫ The volume calculation
4.3 slurry design

4.3 slurry design


normal：
mud + ahead water（pre-flush/spacer）+ slurry（tail）钻井液
冲洗液
normal：
mud + ahead water（pre-flush/spacer/pre-flush）隔离液
+ slurry（lead and tail）冲洗液
Primary with tow cementing section ：领浆
mud + ahead water（pre-flush/spacer/pre-flush）

中间浆
+ slurry + separating fluid(spacer/mud/spacer)
+ slurry（lead and tail）尾浆
Tow stage：
mud + ahead water（pre-flush/spacer）+ slurry（tail）
⚫ The rule for slurry length design

The top of the tail slurry should be 100-
150m above the top production zone
⚫ The rule for slurry weight design

annular pressure balance
tail: 15.8-16 ppg (1.89-1.92kl/l)
lead: as the pressure balance requirement
Calc.total annular pressure
Analysis the balance of pressure
Balanced / not balanced
Adjusting the lead slurry weight

Completed
Adjusting the length of lead slurry
Adjusting the tail slurry weight
4.3 slurry design

⚫ Volume calculation
– Volume of slurry
– Volume of cement
– Volume of mixing water
– Volume of additives
– Volume of ahead water(pre-flush/spacer)
– Volume of displacing fluid
4.4 ahead water and behind water

design
⚫ Selecting rule
⚫ Structure of the ahead water
⚫ The weight and volume of the ahead water
⚫ The type of the ahead water
⚫ Behind water design
4.4 ahead water and behind water design

⚫ Selecting rule
⚫ The weight and volume of the ahead water
①、when just pump pre-flush or spacer, the volume should

be enough for the 10 min. turbulent flow contacting.
The volume can be calculated with the following form：
q=10·Qc·60/1000
q－－－－volume of pre-flush m3
Qc－－－－displacing capacity L/s
②、When pump both pre-flush and spacer, the

volume can be calculated as the same form. The
ratio of the pre-flush and spacer should be 2-3:1.
③、The requirement for the volume of thick spacer:
can fill 150～200m open annular
④、The requirement of ahead water volume for
liner cementing : more then 1.6m3
⑤、The volume can be adjusted according to the
depth of the well
4.4 ahead water and behind water

design
⚫ Selecting rule
⚫ The weight and volume of the ahead
water
Normal just pump mixing water as the

behind water.
But when liner cementing ,the behind

water should be designed specially.
4.5 displacing design

⚫ Displacing form
⚫ Requirement of properties for the
displacing fluid
⚫ “U” tube affecting calculating and control
⚫ The data change while displacing

⚫ Displacing form
displacing fluid
⚫ “U” tube affecting calculating and
control
Rule for selecting the displacing speed

⚫ There are (not) lost circulation or weak zones
⚫ The situation while drilling
⚫ The situation of size change for the open hole
⚫ The situation of casing centralization
⚫ Vertical or deviation well
⚫ Properties of the mud pump and cementing pump
Rule for selecting the displacing form

⚫ Turbulent follow form at first , then
plug follow form.
⚫ Both turbulent or high speed follow
form and plug follow form with the help
of ahead water.

⚫ Displacing form
⚫ Requirement of properties for the displacing
fluid

⚫ Displacing form
⚫ Requirement of properties for the displacing
fluid

⚫ Displacing form
displacing fluid
⚫ Following resistance
⚫ Static pressure in the annular and casing
⚫ Pressure at well head
⚫ Pressure at casing shoe
⚫ Turbulent follow contacting time
5、Cementing design procedure
(1) Selecting and analysis the basic data for the design
(2) Making the first cementing plan
① selecting cementing method
② design the displacing form
③ calculating the volume of ahead water
④ design the slurry column in the annular
⑤ design the type of slurry and the properties for
the well condition
Step 1 Selecting and design cementing technology

Step 2 Selecting and design one of the stage cementing
Step 3 Selecting displacing speed and form
Step 4 Ahead water design (type /weight/volume)
Step 5 Design slurry(properties/volume)
Step 6 Calculating the pressure balance in the annular
Step 7 Making the properties requirement of slurry
Step 8 Selecting the system of slurry and the additives
for the slurry
(3) Design and Calculating the cementing fluid
on the base of test data from the lab.
(4) Making the operation plan
⚫ Pumping speed and time for ahead water
⚫ Pumping speed and time for lead slurry
⚫ Pumping speed and time for tail slurry
⚫ Time for putting plug
⚫ Pumping speed and time for displacing the plug
⚫ Time for displacing and the pumping speed
⚫ Total operation time
⚫ Pressure for shut-off
(5) Adjusting the plan

Cementing Design

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Cementing Design

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Cementing design

The type of cementing

1）Requirement for the cementing design ：

2） information of the formation

2） information of the formation

2） information of the formation

2） information of the formation

2） information of the formation

3）information of the open hole

4）type of drilling mud and the properties

5）cement/additives/pumping and mixing

⚫ Centralization ratio of casing

gap Following form of slurry Displacing ratio

W(35.1) 2.0--3.0 normal>3500 97.6

M(20.5) 0.3--0.6 100<Re<800 94.5

S( 8.9) .05--.10 5<Re<10 50.5

4.1 The balance rule

Pfa：flowing resistance of the fluid

4.1 The balance rule

– Preventing the channeling

4.2 The selecting of cementing technology

4.2 The selecting of cementing technology

4.3 slurry design

4.3 slurry design

4.3 slurry design

⚫ The slurry column design

+ slurry（lead and tail） 冲洗液

Primary with tow cementing section ： 领浆

mud + ahead water（pre-flush/spacer/pre-flush）

⚫ The rule for slurry length design

⚫ The rule for slurry weight design

Calc.total annular pressure

Analysis the balance of pressure

Balanced / not balanced

Adjusting the lead slurry weight

4.3 slurry design

4.4 ahead water and behind water

4.4 ahead water and behind water design

①、when just pump pre-flush or spacer, the volume should

The volume can be calculated with the following form：

②、When pump both pre-flush and spacer, the

4.4 ahead water and behind water

Normal just pump mixing water as the

But when liner cementing ,the behind

4.5 displacing design

4.5 displacing design

Rule for selecting the displacing speed

Rule for selecting the displacing form

4.5 displacing design

4.5 displacing design

4.5 displacing design

Step 1 Selecting and design cementing technology

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+ slurry（lead and tail）冲洗液

Primary with tow cementing section ：领浆