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*​What is the true meaning


of mercy?*

The world seems to be


witnessing increasing
levels of violence, fear and
hatred that challenge us
each day. There are
ongoing debates about
how or whether to
welcome immigrants and
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refugees to the United


States; news headlines
remind us about the plight
of Syria and about the
horrors of the Islamic
State.

In such times, talk about


mercy may seem more
like wishful thinking. But
mercy matters – now more
than ever.
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The extraordinary Holy


Year of Mercy called by
Pope Francis ended in
November 2016. Pope
Francis has encouraged
President Donald Trump
to draw upon “the rich
spiritual and ethical values
that have shaped the
history of the American
people.”
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I recently wrote about


mercy in a book, “Mercy
Matters: Opening Yourself
to the Life Changing Gift.”
Mercy has touched my life
in many ways – such as in
my recovery from
alcoholism and through
my experiences as an
adopted child. So, to me,
mercy is a “love that
responds to human need
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in an unexpected or
unmerited way.”

At its core, mercy is


forgiveness. The Bible
speaks of God’s love for
sinners – that is, for all of
us. But the Bible also
relates mercy to other
qualities beyond love and
forgiveness.
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So, how can we begin to


understand the true
meaning of mercy?

*Mercy in the Hebrew


Bible*

Christians usually
understand the “Hebrew
Bible” as the “Old
Testament,” which is
replaced by the “New
Testament” of Jesus
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Christ as found in the


gospels of Matthew, Mark,
Luke and John.

How Christianity has


interpreted the Hebrew
Bible, often not fully
appreciating its Jewish
context, continues to be a
matter of scholarly debate.
But many Christians see
connections between
themes expressed in the
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“Old Testament” and


Christ’s later teachings
about the importance of
mercy.

The Hebrew Bible.


FirewallJC, CC BY
In the Hebrew Bible, there
is a cluster of related
words that are often
translated as “mercy,”
depending upon where
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they appear in the text.


There is “ahavah,” which
refers to God’s enduring
love for Israel, much like
the love between husband
and wife. Then there is
“Rachamim,” which comes
from the root word
“rechem,” or womb, and
therefore might be more
literally understood as
suggesting a “maternal
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connection” between God


and human beings.

In a famous passage from


Psalm 85 that speaks of
the Israelites’ return from
exile, it is said that when
“mercy and truth have met
together, righteousness
and peace have kissed.”

“Chesed,” the word


translated as “mercy” in
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this verse, additionally


suggests God’s quality of
“steadfast loyalty.” The
psalm thus relates
steadfastness and mercy
with “truth” – in Hebrew
“emet”– which means
behaving ethically and
being faithful to God’s will.

*Mercy in the Christian


gospels*
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A point of connection
between the Jewish and
Christian traditions is what
is called the “Great Hallel.”
Hallel means “praise” and
refers to a group of
psalms regularly recited at
the time of the new moon
as well as during
important Jewish feasts
like Tabernacles or
Sukkot, which
commemorates the period
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the Jewish people spent in


the desert on their journey
to the Promised Land.

The great Hallel is the


refrain of Psalm 136 that
celebrates how God’s
“mercy endures forever.”
Some scholars believe
Jesus sang the Great
Hallel with his disciples
when they went out to the
Mount of Olives after the
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Last Supper, the final


meal that he shared with
his Apostles before his
crucifixion.

Mercy sets the context for


many of Jesus’ teachings.
In the Gospel of Matthew,
Jesus tells the story of the
“unmerciful servant” who
has his own debt wiped
away but refuses to
forgive another servant
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who only owed him a few


cents.

The story teaches us that


we need to forgive others,
because we have been
forgiven ourselves.

*Jesus as the face of


mercy*

Also in Matthew’s gospel,


Jesus tells his disciples to
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understand the meaning


of the phrase:

“I desire mercy, not


sacrifice. For I have not
come to call the righteous,
but sinners.”

Perhaps most significantly


for Christians, Jesus
shows us what it means to
be merciful: He healed the
sick, welcomed the
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stranger and pardoned


those who persecuted and
killed him.

As Pope Francis tells us in


Misericordiae Vultus, his
letter introducing the Holy
Year of Mercy, Jesus’
mercy is not abstract but
“visceral” – it’s something
that quite literally changes
us from the inside out.
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And Christians believe


that this visceral aspect of
mercy comes in the
personal relationship
Jesus promises to all of
us: a relationship based
on forgiveness and love,
reconciliation and truth. As
Pope Francis writes in the
very first sentence of
Misericordiae Vultus,
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*“Jesus Christ is the face


of God’s mercy.”*

Practicing mercy
According to the Bible,
mercy does matter: It
matters because we all
need forgiveness. But
mercy also matters
because it is what can join
us all together in spite of
our differences.
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Protest against the


immigrant ban in
Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Fibonacci Blue, CC BY
But what does it mean – in
concrete terms – to be
merciful to the refugee,
the immigrant, not to
mention to those nations,
institutions and
communities that face the
challenge of welcoming
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them? What does mercy


mean in Syria? What is a
merciful response to the
atrocities of the Islamic
State, or ISIL/ISIS – a
group that has been
merciless in persecuting
Christians, Yazidi and the
Shia? How might mercy
shape the Trump
administration’s response
to Iran following its missile
tests, or to the Chinese
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expansion in the Spratly


Islands and the South
China Sea?

I certainly can’t say how


mercy can be specifically
applied to these
challenges: The
possibilities, and pitfalls,
are as numerous as the
various meanings
associated with mercy in
the Bible itself.
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But I would like to suggest


a starting point for thinking
about how mercy matters.
In a recent discussion
about my book “Mercy
Matters,” a participant
related how she’s been
watching both Fox News
and MSNBC in a effort to
expose herself to different
views about crucial issues
facing the United States. I
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never learned whether she


was a Democrat or a
Republican; a liberal,
conservative or libertarian.

But what I did learn is that


mercy begins by opening
oneself to those with
whom one might strongly
disagree. Mercy doesn’t
end there, of course, but it
begins with such small
acts of understanding,
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which can lead to


life-changing experiences
of love.

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