2018 International Conference on Platform Technology and Service (PlatCon)
Design of Lighting Control System Considering
Lighting Uniformity and Discomfort Glare
for Indoor Space
Woon-Jo Byun Ye-Seul Jin
Dept. Computer Science Dept. Computer Science
& Engineering, Kongju & Engineering, Kongju
National University National University
Republic of Korea Republic of Korea
qus6814@kongju.ac.kr 201401998@kongju.ac.kr
Abstract — In the modern society, the indoor lighting
environment has an uneven illuminance distribution due to
artificial lighting having optical properties such as fixed
illuminance, color temperature, and light influx from outside.
Because fatigue of the eyes is accumulated in the uneven
illumination environment and the brightness of background is
changed according to the position of the occupant, discomfort
glare occurs when light of high luminance against the brightness
adapted to the eyes lights up the eyes. In order to construct a
pleasant indoor lighting environment, it is necessary to develop
an illumination system that can maintain lighting uniformity and
reduce glare. In this paper, we propose a lighting control system
considering discomfort glare while maintaining lighting
uniformity of indoor space.
Keywords— lighting uniformity, discomfort glare, lighting
control, indirect lighiting, daylighting Introduction
I. INTRODUCTION
In the modern society, the indoor lighting environment has
an uneven illuminance distribution due to artificial lighting
having optical properties such as fixed illuminance, color
temperature, and incoming light from outside. Lighting
environment having an uneven illuminance distribution causes
fatigue of the eye accumulated according to changes of
brightness of light that enters the eye view [1]. Furthermore,
because brightness of background is changed according to the
position of occupant, when light of high luminance against the
brightness adapted to the eyes lights up the eyes, discomfort
occurs [2]. Consequently, it causes disorder such as
psychological discomfort, loss of visual acuity, impaired
visibility [3]. Various calculations such as Predicted Glare
Sensation Vote (PGSG) and Daylighting Glare Index (DGI)
have been used to calculate the index of glare [4]. In 1987, the
International Lighting Committee enacted and Unified Glare
Rating (UGR), which is a discomfort glare evaluation formula
based on parameters such as magnitude of light source,
background luminance, and luminance of light source causing
discomfort glare for indoor artificial lighting. The
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Young-Won Kim Jae-Hyun Lim
Smart Natural Space Dept. Computer Science
Center, Kongju & Engineering, Kongju
National University National University
Republic of Korea Republic of Korea
forever@kongju.ac.kr defacto@kongju.ac.kr
International Lighting Committee uses this UGR as an
international standard. In addition, the International Lighting
Committee recommends a calculation method for lighting
uniformity using the ratio of the average illuminance to the
minimum illuminance of the space in order to express the
uniformity of illuminance in the indoor lighting environment
[5]. In this paper, we propose the development of a lighting
system that can maintain uniformity of indoor space and
reduce uncomfortable glare in order to construct pleasant
lighting environment of indoor space. The evaluation uses
UGR, which is a discomfort glare evaluation method, through
comparative experiments in the lighting environment with and
without the system applied.
II. DESIGN OF LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEM
A. Lighting Control System
Indoor is defined as office area in order to maintain
lighting uniformity of indoor space. the range of the optimum
indoor light intensity measured on the work surface was
selected as 300 to 400 lux based on the Illumination Standard
of Korean Industry Standard (KSA-3011). The range of the
optimum illuminance measured on the work surface was
selected as 300 to 400 lux as per the Korean Industrial
Standard Illumination Standard (KSA-3011). In order to
calculate the lighting uniformity of the indoor space, the
average illuminance was calculated by referring to the KS
illuminance measurement standard (KS C 7612).
[Figure 1] Illuminance Measurement Position by KS
Multipoint Measurement
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 Equation (1) is the average illuminance calculation
method in KS, which is used to calculate the average
illuminance in the lighting environment constructed with
several lightings as shown in [Figure 1][6].

(1)
Em : The illuminance value of the work surface measured at each point
[Lux]

In addition, the discomfort glare of the artificial light was

evaluated using the discomfort glare evaluation formula (2),
and the appropriate UGR in the office space was set to 19
based on the evaluation criteria established by the
International Lighting Commission [7,8].

[Figure 2] System Configuration

(2)
Where, Lb: background brightness [cd/m2]

Ls : The luminance of the light-emitting part of the light source
in the observer's eye view [cd/m2]
ω : The solid angle of light-emitting part of the light source in the
observer's eye view [sr]
p : Guth position index of each light source
B. Experimantal Environment
[Figure 3] is the experimental space constructed to
maintain indoor lighting uniformity and to measure UGR to
investigate the lighting control system.

[Figure 2] is a schematic diagram of the lighting control

system considering the uniformity of the indoor space and the
discomfort glare. To maintain the uniformity of the indoor
space, the illuminance value of the work surface was measured
using an illuminance sensor having a measurement range of 1
to 65535 lux. The illuminance value measured from work
surface evaluated to see if the illuminance measured from the
work surface by the lighting uniformity maintenance
algorithm was in a range of 300~400lux. When it exceeds the
optimum illuminance range, lighting was controlled after
extracting the control ratio of the artificial light to make
illuminance maintained in a range of 300~400lux using the
illumination control ratio of the artificial light database and the
measured illuminance value. The background luminance and
the luminance of the light source were measured by using the
spectral radiation luminance meter 'CS-2000' in an
illumination environment maintaining lighting uniformity.
And then UGR was calculated using lighting uniformity Where, P1~4b: Position of measurement
maintaining algorithm. When the UGR of indoor lighting was L1~4 : Position of Lighting
higher than 19, the lighting was controlled so that UGR
became lower than 19 by increasing illuminance value of the G1~2 : Position of Indirect lighting
indirect lighting installed not to positioned within eye view. [Figure 3] Experimental Space

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 Dimension of the experimental space measured 6,300 mm indirect lightings to maintain UGR 19. Table 1 show the
(width), 7,200 mm (length), and 2,700 mm (height). A illuminance of data sheet of the indirect lighting investigated
window of 1,400 mm x 1,650 mm faced south. A venetian to meet the condition for the indirect lighting of Experiment 2.
blind that was driven by a single motor and could be
controlled by ZigBee communication was also installed. In the Experiment 1, UGR was kept below 19 between 10
L1~L4 were combinations of warm white and cool white with and 15 o'clock avoiding the influence of external influx light
LED lighting having size 550mm x 550mm whose at P2 and P4. In the case of P1, UGR was evaluated as higher
illuminance could be controlled from 0 until 255lux. P1~P4 than 19 after 13 o'clock. In the Experiment 2, the illuminance
indicate the selected work surfaces from where illumination of 300~400lux and UGR lower than 19 could be maintained
and brightness of background and light source could be from 10:00 to 11:00 at P3 and P4 attributed by the indirect
measured. These were set at four points at 850mm from the lighting.
ground. G1~G2 are the indirect lightings which were installed
from P1~P4 avoiding the range of eye view.
[Table 2] Result of lighting uniformity by time
C. Experimental Methods and Results
Experiment 1 Experiment 2
UGR was calculated by measuring the brightness of the
background and light source at one-hour interval from P1~P4 TIME sŽ›•ŽG|•–™”›  sŽ›•ŽG|•–™”› 
while blind was drawn at the window to investigate the
10:00 0.93 0.96
lighting control system. First of all, UGR was determined
while the illuminance of the room was maintained at 11:00 0.84 086
300~400lux. The indirect lightings were then used to maintain
the indoor illuminance of 300~400lux, and UGR lower than 12:00 0.89 0.88
19. [Table 1] shows the measured UGR at the measuring point
13:00 0.87 0.96
by the time.
14:00 0.90 0.97

[Table 1] Measured UGR at the measuring point by time 15:00 0.95 0.92

Experiment 1 Experiment 2 16:00 0.96 0.92

Indirect 17:00 0.90 0.92

TIME P1 P2 P3 P4 Lighting P1 P2 P3 P4
[lux]
[Table 2] shows the calculation results of lighting
uniformity by time. Illuminance was measured from P1~P4
10:00 19.7 12.7 12.2 0.9 151 18.1 10.2 - - and the average illuminance as well as the minimum
illuminance were obtained. The lighting uniformity was then
calculated from the obtained two values.
11:00 17.9 6.9 10.7 1.1 151 14.8 2.2 - -
The measurement results show that the lighting uniformity
was calculated as higher than 0.8 in all the experimental
12:00 17.7 7.5 10 0.6 151 17.3 11.4 3.7 3.8 environments and measured timing

13:00 18.7 9.6 10.6 0.3 151 18.4 16.9 0.8 4.9

III. CONCLUSION
14:00 19.2 10.3 11.2 0.9 151 18.7 17.4 0.9 6.1 In this paper, a lighting control system which is consisted
of artificial light DB and Java was designed to maintain the
lighting uniformity and UGR. Two types of lighting
15:00 21.5 15.8 12.9 7.9 216 18.2 15.5 1.7 4.4
environments were constructed to test the proposed system
and UGR values were measured for two constructed
16:00 25.6 21.6 17.6 13.8 230 17.8 15.1 2.1 4.1 environments. The experiment results showed that the UGR
was measured below 19 during 11 ~ 13 o’clock when the
illuminance was largely affected by the light influx from the
17:00 31.9 35.4 24.7 26.7 319 16.7 17.8 2.5 5.5 outside in the lighting environment where indoor illuminance
of 300~400lux was maintained. Whereas, UGR below 19
could be maintained during all the experimented timings in the
lighting control environment where the indirect lightings were
Experiment 1 was carried out to measure UGR while implemented.
maintaining the illuminance of 300~400lux. While
Experiment 2 was carried out to measure UGR while using the

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 We plan to develop an algorithm to implement in the [8] CIE Technical Report 117. (1995). Discomfort Glarein Interior Lighting.
lighting control system considered power consumption of the CIE, Vienna, Austria.
lighting to save energy and to maintain and control the
lighting uniformity and discomfort glare in the future.

Acknowledgment

The research was supported by the International Science

and Business Belt Program through the Ministry of Science
and ICT (2017K000488).

Following are results of a study on the "Leaders in

INdustry-university Cooperation +" Project, supported by the
Ministry of Education and National Research Foundation of
Korea

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