ANALISIS DATA-S1

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS Santi Wulan Purnami, S.Si, M.Si, Ph.D

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER

(ITS)
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
Surabaya - Indonesia
What is DOE
the systematic procedure carried out under
controlled conditions in order to discover an
unknown effect, to test or establish a
hypothesis

a type of research method in which you

manipulate one or more independent and
measure their effect on one or more
dependent variables

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DOE Process

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1. Define Problem
You want to know how phone use before bedtime affects
sleep patterns.

Specifically, you ask how the number of minutes a person

uses their phone before sleep affects the number of hours
they sleep.

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2. Determine
Objective

Dependen
variable

d en
p e n b le Bagaimana
n de rua

b le n g
I va solusi?

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va oun
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3. Determine Factors and
Response

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3. Determine Factors and
Response

Factor: Response:
Phone use sleep
• Nominal • Continuous:
• Ordinal hours of sleep

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Which test to use when?
Response

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 Response

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 Response

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4. Design
experiments

Factor: Phone
use Response: sleep
• Nominal/ordinal
• Continuous: hours
• Level: Yes/no of sleep
• Level:
no/low/high

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4. Design experiments
No phone Phone use

No Sleep No Sleep No Sleep (hours) difference

(hours) (hours) No phone Phone use
1 5 1 4 1 5 4
2 6 2 5 2 6 5
3 8 3 4 3 8 4
4 6 4 6 4 6 6
5 7 5 5 5 7 5
… … … … …
n n n n n

independent dependent

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5. Collect data
Study size: the more subjects you include, the
greater your experiment’s statistical power

randomly assign your subjects to treatment

groups

include a control group, which receives no

treatment.

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Randomization
• every subject is assigned to a
treatment group at random.
completely
randomized design

• subjects are first grouped according to

randomized a characteristic they share, and then
randomly assigned to treatments
block design within those groups (stratified random
design)

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Example
Completely randomized design
Phone use and sleep Subjects are all randomly assigned
a level of phone use using a
random number generator.
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Randomized block design
Subjects are first grouped by age,
and then phone use treatments
are randomly assigned within
these groups.
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 Independent vs.
repeated measures
• individuals receive only one of the
independent possible levels of an experimental
treatment.
measures design

repeated • every individual receives each of

the experimental treatments
measures consecutively, and their responses
to each treatment are measured.
design

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Example
Independent measures design
Phone use and sleep Subjects are randomly assigned a
level of phone use (low, medium,
or high) and follow that level of
phone use throughout the
experiment.
between-subjects design or
classic ANOVA design
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Repeated measures design
Subjects are assigned consecutively
to low, medium, and high levels of
phone use throughout the
experiment, and the order in which
they follow these treatments is
randomized.
within-subjects design or repeated-
measures ANOVA design
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ANOVA
Tugas : Review ANOVA
1. Cari data dengan kriteria 1 Faktor, 3 level
2. Tulis proses DOE (mulai problem, tujuan, desain
eksperimen, analis dll)

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Factorial ANOVA
A factorial ANOVA is an Analysis of Variance test with more than one independent
variable, or “factor“

A two-way ANOVA has two factors (independent variables) and one dependent variable. For
example, time spent studying and prior knowledge are factors that affect how well you do on
a test.

A three-way ANOVA has three factors (independent variables) and one dependent variable.
For example, time spent studying, prior knowledge, and hours of sleep are factors that affect
how well you do on a test

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Post Hoc Test
A post hoc test is used only after we find a statistically significant result and
need to determine where our differences truly came from.

Test:
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. etc

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Manova
Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is an extension of the
univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA).

The MANOVA extends this analysis by taking into account multiple

continuous dependent variables

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Manova
Assumptions:

1.Independent Random Sampling:

2.Level and Measurement of the Variables:
the independent variables are categorical and the dependent variables are continuous
or scale variables.
3. Absence of multicollinearity: The dependent variables cannot be too correlated to
each other.
4. Normality: Multivariate normality is present in the data.
5. Homogeneity of Variance: Variance between groups is equal.

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 ANCOVA
an extension of ANOVA

ANCOVA can be used in two ways (Leech et. al,

2005):
1. To control for covariates
(typically continuous or variables on a
particular scale) that aren’t the main focus of
your study.
2. To study combinations of categorical and
continuous or variables on a scale as predictors

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ANCOVA
Assumptions:
1. Normality: the dependent variable should be roughly normal for each of
category of independent variables.
2. Data should show homogeneity of variance.
3. The covariate and dependent variable (at each level of independent
variable) should be linearly related.
4. Your data should be homoscedastic of Y for each value of X.
5. The covariate and the independent variable shouldn’t interact. In other
words, there should be homogeneity of regression slopes.

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 DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS

- TERIMA KASIH -

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