Curve Ranging

CONTENT

No. Title Page

1 Objective 2

2 Introduction 2

3 Equipments and Apparatus 3-4

4 Procedure 4-5

5 Data analysis 6-7

i) Table
ii) Calculation

6 Discussion

7 Conclusion

8 Refferences

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OBJECTIVE

At the end of the course the students should be able to develop skills on the use of
engineering survey equipments and understand the theoretical and practical aspects of
setting out the curve ranging.

INTRODUCTION

Curves are regular bends provided in the lines of communication like roads,
railways etc. to bring about the gradual change of direction. They are also used in the
vertical plane at all changes of grade to avoid the abrupt change of grade at the apex.
Curves provided in the direction are known as horizontal curves, where as those
provided in the vertical plane to obtain the gradual change in grade are known as
vertical curves.

In highways, railways, or canals the curve are provided for smooth or gradual
change in direction due the nature of terrain, cultural features, or other unavoidable
reasons. In highway practice, it is recommended to provide curves deliberately on
straight route to break the monotony in driving on long straight route to avoid
accidents. The horizontal curve may be a simple circular curve or a compound curve.
For a smooth transition between straight and a curve, a transition or easement curve is
provided. The vertical curves are used to provide a smooth change in direction taking
place in the vertical plane due to change of grade.

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EQUIPMENTS AND APPARATUS

No. Equipments and apparatus Total

1 Digital Theodolite 1

2 Tripod stand 1

3 Ranging pole 1

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4 Arrow 14

5 Measuring tape 1

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PROCEDURE

1. The apparatus that need used was bring to the fieldwork.

2. Then the theodolite was set up at the one point.

Figure 1. setting up the apparatus

3. After that use a measuring tape to measure 25.198m straight line from the
theodolite, then the end of the line was marked.
4. Then the person that handle the theodolite was given the other person
command to move based on the cumulative angle.

Figure 2. Observing to the next sub-chord

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5. Using an arrow, marked each line placed at 4m intervals accurately based on

the cumulative angle given.
6. The set 4 and 5 was repeated until the cumulative angle at the table was done.

Figure 3. Observing the last 3 sub-chord

7. And lastly, the point that we marked was observed.

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RESULT

Given, ɵ = 34˚ 58ˈ 00˝

R = 80 m

CH1 = 502.315 m

Intervals = 4 m

Table

Point Chainage (m) Chord length Deflection Cumulative

(m) angle angle
T 477.117 0 0 0
T1 480 2.883 01˚ 01ˈ 56˝ 01˚ 01ˈ 56˝
T2 484 4 01˚ 25ˈ 56˝ 02˚ 27ˈ 52˝
T3 488 4 01˚ 25ˈ 56˝ 03˚ 53ˈ 48˝
T4 492 4 01˚ 25ˈ 56˝ 05˚ 19ˈ44 ˝
T5 496 4 01˚ 25ˈ 56˝ 06˚ 45ˈ 40˝
T6 500 4 01˚ 25ˈ 56˝ 08˚ 11ˈ 36˝
T7 504 4 01˚ 25ˈ 56˝ 09˚ 37ˈ 32˝
T8 508 4 01˚ 25ˈ 56˝ 11˚ 03ˈ 28˝
T9 512 4 01˚ 25ˈ 56˝ 12˚ 29ˈ 24˝
T10 516 4 01˚ 25ˈ 56˝ 13˚ 55ˈ 20˝
T11 520 4 01˚ 25ˈ 56˝ 15˚ 21ˈ 16˝
T12 524 4 01˚ 25ˈ 56˝ 16˚ 47ˈ 12˝
U 525.940 1.94 00˚ 41ˈ 41˝ 17˚ 23ˈ 53˝

Calculation

ɵ
i) IT = R Tan
2

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34 ˚ 58 ˈ
= 80 Tan
2

= 25.198 m

ii) CHT = CH1 – IT

= 502.315 – 25.198
= 477.117 m

iii) LC = R ɵ rad
π
= 80 × 34˚58ˈ ×
180°
= 48.823 m

iv) CHu = CHT + LC

= 474.117 + 48.823
= 525.940 m

DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSION

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REFERENCES

i) Internet

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- Surveying Note Curve Ranging Chapter 6,

http://www.scribd.com/doc/75576307/Surveying-Note-Curve-Ranging-
Chapter-6

ii) Notes
- Topic 4: Curve Ranging ( From lecturer)

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