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Control of an SSSC for Oscillation Damping of

Power Systems with Wind Turbine Generators

Conference Paper · April 2017

DOI: 10.1109/ISGT.2017.8085974

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 Control of an SSSC for Oscillation Damping of
Power Systems with Wind Turbine Generators
Muthanna Al-Sarray and Roy A. McCann
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
University of Arkansas
Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
rmccann@uark.edu
Abstract— The increased adoption of wind generation capacity
into worldwide electric power systems presents many challenges
due to the intermittent nature of this energy resource. The
equipment for flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) are the
focus of this paper with the goal of overcoming the difficulties of
achieving improved electric power system reliability with large
penetration of wind generation. FACTS equipment can also
contribute towards reducing the cost of power system expansions
by better utilizing existing assets to defer future infrastructure
expenses. In addition, FACTS equipment can minimize issues
concerning adequate damping of power oscillations, transmission
capacities, and frequency regulation. The paper presents research
results on improving power oscillation damping and increased
transmission capacities under dynamic conditions using static
synchronous series compensator (SSSC) technology. Detailed
analysis and simulation of these factors are considered under
normal and faulted in the power system network. Results of this
investigation help in understanding the improvements that can be
achieved by incorporating SSSC equipment in systems having
large participation factors associated with wind turbine
generators.
Keywords; power oscillation damping; static synchronous series
compensator; wind turbine.
I. INTRODUCTION
Renewable energy resources such as wind turbine
generators produce variable energy depending on the
meteorological conditions and the resultant wind velocity.
However, this variability created difficulties for operating
within power system constraints such as frequency regulation
and thermal limits [1]. The default remedial action of abrupt
wind generation ramp-rates is curtailment in order to avoid
exceeding conductor limits and frequency disturbances. In
order to minimize the loss of potential energy harvested under
a variety of wind conditions, there has been a number of control
methods proposed to reduce the disruptive effects of wind
transients [2].
Recent developments in power systems have proposed
FACTS equipment for improving load flow constraints and
disturbance minimization in transmission networks that have
significant renewable resources. [3] and [4] examined finding
the suitable FACTS locations and identifying the fault zones for
FACTS-based transmission line via machine learning such as a
This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation
Industry/University Cooperative Research Center on Grid-connected Advanced
Power Electronics Systems (GRAPES) under grant number 0934390.
genetic algorithm (GA) and ensemble decision trees. In [5] the
researchers suggested using GA for enhancing the security of
power systems through control of FACTS devices. Others have
shown optimal power flow (OPF) being achieved with FACTS
devices for minimizing wind power curtailment ([6]-[7]). Other
researchers have considered the constraints imposed by
electricity market transactions on variable renewable energy
resources by the use of FACTS devices [8-10]. From these
previous research efforts, FACTS equipment have been
identified as a promising technology for maximizing the use of
renewable energy resources while maintaining adequate overall
power system reliability. However, previous research has not
focused on using FACTS equipment in systems suffering from
multiple contingencies with renewable resources such as a wind
turbine generators. Therefore, this work highlights employing
FACTS devices in cases that have double events with a large
contribution from wind capacity.
This paper focuses on the use of static synchronous series
compensators (SSSC) to dampen power system oscillation and
to limit the impact of fault-induced disturbances in systems with
large amounts of wind generation. The test-case benchmark
considered has five buses, three generators (one of which is an
aggregate wind multi-turbine wind farm), and a three-phase
dynamic load with 2202 MVA [11, 12]. The purpose of this
research is to gain an understanding of SSSC devices as an
effective approach to increase the reliability of electric power
systems in terms of the effects of power flow with large
contributions from wind generation sources, particularly in the
case of multiple sequential contingencies.
II. FACTS AND SSSC MODELING
FACTS devices encompass a large class of power electronic
technologies that can be used to modify power flows in order to
maximize transmission line capacity reduce power system
oscillation [13]. The SSSC is a series-connected converter that
can modify line voltages for compensating capacitive and
inductive effects [14- 15]. The SSSC configuration shown in
Fig. 1 is capable modifying real and reactive power by
controlling the angular position of the series injected voltage,
where VS is the voltage of the system, VCONV is the converted
voltage to the SSSC, VSC is the voltage source converter, and
Vdc is the voltage of a power storage [16- 18].
This research incorporates the ability of an SSSC to be
operated in real-time to improve the dynamic and transient

B1
B3
B4
B2
Fig. 7. Reactive power at four buses and SSSC without POD.
Vqref
Vqinj
Fig. 9. Injected voltage and active power at bus 2 with POD.
for both active and reactive power. The POD of SSSC modifies
the Vqref and injects voltage to reduce the variation in power
flow.
The impact of wind turbine generation is illustrated in Fig.
4. The active power has small oscillation, especially after the
disturbance, due to voltage changes in the system that influence
the induced voltage in the wind turbine generators. This
variation has a small effect on the other generators due to
supplying the same load for the overall network. Both active and
reactive power of the wind generator are impacted by the
disturbance in terms of regulating the voltage and power flow.
Vqref
Vqinj
Fig. 8. Injected voltage and active power at bus 2 without POD.
B1 B2
B3
B4
Fig. 10. Active power at four buses and SSSC with POD.
B3
B2
B1
B4
Fig. 11. Reactive power at four buses and SSSC with POD.
Consequently, SSSC functions to reduce the impacts of wind
generation fluctuations while also keeping power flows within
maximum rated capacities and reducing the effects of the fault
clearing on the overall system.
Overall, the results in Fig. 11 indicate the beneficial role of
the SSSC in reducing power system oscillations resulting as a
consequence of multiple fault events when influenced by large
amounts of wind generation capacity.
V. CONCLUSION
This research indicates that an SSSC with POD control can
significantly improve power system damping while also
reducing the severity of power flow transients that are induced
by fault disturbances in systems with significant wind
generation capacity.
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