9.1 a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood.

9.2 blood containing a lot of oxygen

9.3 in the lungs

9.4 left

9.5 In a double circulatory system, blood flows from the heart to the lungs, and then back to the heart
again before travelling to the rest of the body. In a single circulatory system, blood flows directly from
the lungs or gills to the rest of the body.

9.6 It means oxygenated blood is transported body cells faster, at higher pressure.

9.7 a) left atrium

b) right atrium

9.8 between the atria and the ventricles

9.9 septum

9.10 a right ventricle left ventricle

9.11 they contain more cardiac muscle, which can give a greater force when they contract. This is used
to pump blood through the body

9.12 it has more cardiac muscle, used to insert more force to pump blood all around the body rather
than the lungs

9.13 with an ECG, by measuring pulse rate, listening to the sound of valves closing

9.14 the pulse is the widening of the arteries, caused by blood travelling through it each time the heart
beats.

9.15 a) three

b) roughly 0.7 seconds

9.16 to bring blood to the muscles faster, to give the oxygen necessary for the release of energy

9.17 It's a small mass of specialized cells in the top of the right atrium, It produces the electrical
impulses that cause your heart to beat

9.18 the extra CO2 dissolves in blood plasma, which reduces the Ph. This is sensed by the brain, which
increases the frequency of the nerve impulses sent to the pacemaker

9.19 the valves are pushed closed by the high pressure of the blood in the ventricles. This prevents
blood flowing back into the atria.