Experimental General Physics for Engineers II

Laboratory Report PHYS 194 fall 2019

Section: L02

Experiment name: Ohm’s Law

Student Name: Tamim Mahmudul Hasan Student ID 201800463

Soulaimene Jaoua Student ID 201805981

Group partners
*** Student ID 20xxxxxxx

Date submitted:

Aim of the experiment (1 pt) 1 Graph (20 pts) 20

Introduction (2pts) 0 Data analysis (45 pts) 42

Equipment (1pt) 1 Discussion (9 pts) 7

Procedure (1pt) 1 References (1 pt) 1

Data, Table of results (20 pts) 20 Others

93
Report Grade
1 Aim of the experiment:

The main objective of the experiment was to verify Ohm’s law practically in addition to
studying the difference between series and parallel connections of a circuit. And that was done
for several structures of a circuit. Two resistors with known values were provided, and then a
fixed current of 1.4 A was supplied through the circuit from a DC source with voltages that
varied in values to verify the relationship.

1 Theory: % similarity detected

Ohm’s law states that Voltage ( V ) [V ]=Current (I )[ A ]× Resistance(R)[Ω], but if a circuit

consisted of more than one resistor, we should take the equivalent or total resistance value RT .
The method of calculating the RT differs in different scenarios, such as:

1- For a single resistor branch: RT =R

2- For resistors connected in series connection: RT =R1 + R2 +…+ R n , n ∈ Z .
1 1 1 1
3- For resistors connected in parallel: = + + …+ , n ∈ Z .
R T R1 R2 Rn

2 Equipment

 Power supply
 Resistors
 Multimeters
 Wires

3 Procedure

Part 1 (10 Ω):

1- Connect the circuit as below:

2- Set the current of the power source to a fixed value of 1.4 A.

3- Set power supply voltage ranging (1, 2, …, 6) V.
4- Record the data in a table containing the voltage and the current values with their
respective uncertainties.

Part 2 (4.7 Ω):

Repeat the same procedures above for Part 1, but with the new resistor.

Part 3 (4.7 and 10 Ω in series):

1- Connect the circuit as shown below:

2- Repeat the same procedures as in Part 1.

Part 4 (4.7 and 10 Ω in parallel):

 1- Connect the circuit as shown below:

2- Repeat the same procedure for Part 1.

3- Set power supply voltage ranging (0.5, 1, 1.5, …, 3) V.
4- Record the data in a table containing the voltage and the current values with their
respective uncertainties.

4 Results

5.1. Single Resistor R1

5.1.1. Results: Single resistor R1

Part 1 (R=4.7Ω)
V [V] D(V) [V] I [A] D(I) [A]
1.00 0.01 0.20 0.01
2.00 0.01 0.40 0.01
3.00 0.01 0.61 0.01
4.00 0.01 0.82 0.01
5.00 0.01 1.02 0.01
6.00 0.01 1.23 0.01
 7
Part 1
6
f(x) = 4.85 x + 0.04
5 R² = 1
Voltage (V)

0
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40

Current (A)

5.1.2. Graph: Single resistor R1

5.1.3. Slope and intercept of the graph and their uncertainties.

Both the slope and intercept were obtained using Excel™’s Linest function.

Slope=4.85 ± 0.02 ΩIntercept=0.04 ±0.01 V

5.1.4. Value of R1 and its uncertainty.

R1measured =Slope =4.85 ± 0.02 Ω

5.1.5. Comparison between theoretical value and measured value for R1.

R1Theoretical=4.7 ± 0.1 Ω%Error of R 1=

|R 1measured−R 1Theoretical| |4.85−4.7|
×100 %¿ ×100 %¿ 3.14 %
R1Theoretical 4.7

5.2. Resistor R2

5.2.1. Results: Single resistor R2

 Part 2 (R=10Ω)
V [V] D(V) [V] I [A] D(I) [A]
1.00 0.01 0.10 0.01
2.00 0.01 0.20 0.01
3.00 0.01 0.30 0.01
4.00 0.01 0.40 0.01
5.00 0.01 0.50 0.01
6.00 0.01 0.60 0.01

Part 2
7.00

6.00
f(x) = 10 x + 0
5.00 R² = 1
Voltage (V)

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

Current (A)

5.2.2. Graph: Single resistor R2

5.2.3. Slope and intercept of the graph and their uncertainties.

Both the slope and intercept were obtained using Excel™’s Linest function.

Slope=10 ±8 × 10−16 Ω Intercept=−4 E −16 ±3 E −16 V

5.2.4. Value of R2 and its uncertainty.

R2 Measured=10 ± 8 ×10−16 Ω
5.2.5. Comparison between theoretical value and measured value for R2.

R2Theoretical=10.0 ± 0.1 Ω%Error of R 2=

| R2measured −R 2Theoretical| |10−10.0|
×100 %¿ ×100 %¿ 0 %
R2Theoretical 10

5.3. Resistors R1 and R2 in series

5.3.1. Results: Resistors R1 and R2 in series

Part 3 (Series R1,R2)

V [V] D(V) [V] I [A] D(I) [A]
1.00 0.01 0.06 0.01
2.00 0.01 0.13 0.01
3.00 0.01 0.20 0.01
4.00 0.01 0.26 0.01
5.00 0.01 0.33 0.01
6.00 0.01 0.40 0.01

5.3.2. Graph: Resistors R1 and R2 in series

Part 3
7.00
6.00
f(x) = 14.82 x + 0.09
5.00 R² = 1
Voltage (V)

4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45
Current (A)

5.3.3. Slope and intercept of the graph and their uncertainties.

Slope=14.8 ±0.2 Ω Intercept=0.09± 0.04 V

5.3.4. Experimental value of Rseries and its uncertainty

R1+ 2Series =14.8± 0.2 Ω

5.3.5. Calculated value of Rseries

R1+ 2 =R1 + R2=10.0+ 4.7=14.7 Ω

Series

5.3.6. Uncertainty on calculated value of Rseries

2 2

Δ R 1+2 =series
√[
of your calculations
∂ ( R 1+ R 2 )
∂ R1 ][
×u [ R1 ] +
∂ ( R1 + R 2 )
∂ R2 ]√ 2 2
×u [ R2 ] ¿ [ u [ R 1 ] ] + [ u [ R 2 ] ] ¿ 0.2 ΩShow the details

5.3.7. Comparison between calculated value and measured value of Rseries.

|14.8−14.7|
%Error of R 1+2 = × 100 %¿ 0.84 %
Series
14.7

5.4. Resistors R1 and R2 in parallel

5.4.1. Results: Resistors R1 and R2 in parallel

Part 4 (Parallel R1,R2)

V [V] D(V) [V] I [A] D(I) [A]
0.50 0.01 0.15 0.01
1.00 0.01 0.30 0.01
1.50 0.01 0.45 0.01
2.00 0.01 0.60 0.01
2.50 0.01 0.75 0.01
3.00 0.01 0.90 0.01

5.4.2. Graph: Resistors R1 and R2 in parallel

 Part 4
3.50

3.00
f(x) = 3.33 x + 0
2.50 R² = 1
2.00
Voltage

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

Current (A)

Some units are missing

5.4.3. Slope and intercept of the graph and their uncertainties.
Slope=3.33 ±1 E−16 ΩIntercept=−9 E−16 ± 7 E−17 V

5.4.4. Experimental value of Rparallel and its uncertainty

R1+ 2 =3.33 ± 1E −16 Ω

¿

5.4.5. Calculated value of Rparallel

10× 4.7
=3.20 Ω
10+ 4.7

5.4.6. Uncertainty on calculated value of Rparallel.

2 2

√[
R1 R2 R 1 R2

][ ] √[
2 2

Δ R 1+2 =
∂ (
R 1+ R 2 )
×u [ R1 ] +
∂ (
R1 + R 2 )
×u [ R 2 ]
¿
R 22
( R 1+ R 2 )
2
][
×u [ R1 ] +
R21
( R1 + R2 )
2
× u[ R2]
]
¿
∂ R1 ∂ R2
¿ 0.05 Ω

Show the details of your calculations

5.4.7. Comparison between calculated value and measured value for Rparallel.
 |3.33−3.20|
%Error of R 1+2 = ×100 %¿ 4.08 %
¿
3.20

6. Discussion.

The results were expected as the relationship of the variables in Ohm’s law is linear and constant
with respect to each other. In other words, the relationship is conserved. There were some
expected errors, of course, such as the systematic errors that occurred from the device itself, and
the wires that were used to connect the circuit having different temperature (the more the heat,
the more the resistance). The source of heat that might have affected the wires came from the
continuous touching of wires by hands.

All in all, the collected data were accurate with extremely small errors. Also, the data were very
precise as the R2 value was nearly 1 in each graph.

Show more about the sources of error in the experiment

STFU

7. References

Young, H. (2013). University Physics with Modern Physics Technology. Harlow, UK: Pearson
Education Limited.
Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics. (2019, Fall). PHYS 194 lab manual. Doha,
Qatar: Qatar University. Retrieved from BlackBoard® Learn website at
https://elearning.qu.edu.qa/bbcswebdav/pid-2037306-dt-content-rid-
4818237_1/courses/Fall_2019_PHYS194_10236/PHYS-194-New-
Manual_v5%20%281%29.pdf [Accessed on September 9, 2019 18:00 GMT+3]