College of Arts and Sciences

Mathematics, Statistics and Physics Department

Physics Program

Experimental Physics II for Engineering

PHYS 194
Session: L02 - CRN: 10271
Fall 2016

The Transformer
Student’s Name: Abdulah Youssef Jarouf Student’s ID: 201506738

Partner’s Name: Abdullah Thabit Alyafei Partner’s ID: 201307354

Partner’s Name: Hassan Ali Al Muhsin Partner’s ID: 201306879

Lab Instructor: Huda Fadol ALyafei

Date Performed: November 7th, 2016

Date Submitted: November 14th, 2016

:GRADE

Objectives:

1|Page
 a. Understanding the meaning of the transformer and its function.
b. Knowing how do transformers work.
c. Knowing the types of transformers and the difference between them.
Introduction:
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers
electrical energy between two or more circuits
through electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic
induction produces an electromotive force within a
conductor which is exposed to time
varying magnetic fields. Transformers are used to
increase or decrease the alternating voltages in
electric power applications.
A varying current in the transformer's primary
winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the
transformer core and a varying field impinging on
the transformer's secondary winding. This
varying magnetic field at the secondary winding
induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) or voltage in the secondary winding due to
electromagnetic induction. Making use of Faraday's Law (discovered in 1831) in conjunction
with high magnetic permeability core properties, transformers can be designed to efficiently
change AC voltages from one voltage level to another within power networks.
Note: in the previous experiments we used to use DC voltage source, but in this experiment we
used an AC voltage source. (and the previous paragraph hopefully, answers your question in the
beginning of the previous lab)
Experimental Apparatus and Procedure:
Power supply step up/down transformer multimeters resistors box

Steps:
1. First we connect the circuit correctly as in the manual.
2. We check all the instruments whether they are working or not.
3. Third we make sure that the transformer is connected to an AC voltage source.
4. We start changing the values of the resistor according to the table in the manual.
5. Each time we change the resistance, we record our readings of the currents and voltages.
6. We compute the values of the primary and secondary power.
7. Finally, we check for the efficiency through the values of the powers.

Experiment Data:

2|Page
 R Ip (A) vp (V) Pp (W) Is (A) vs(V) Ps (W) Ps/Pp
5 0.588 5.99 3.52 0.277 1.82 0.504 0.143
20 0.507 5.95 3.02 0.235 5.02 1.18 0.391
40 0.385 5.71 2.20 0.174 7.25 1.26 0.574
80 0.270 5.81 1.57 0.117 9.27 1.08 0.691
120 0.204 5.90 1.20 0.084 10.17 0.85 0.71
140 0.184 5.92 1.09 0.073 10.41 0.76 0.70
160 0.169 5.95 1.01 0.066 10.59 0.70 0.70
200 0.146 5.98 0.873 0.054 10.85 0.59 0.67
280 0.120 6.02 0.722 0.034 11.12 0.38 0.52
Graphs:

We did not have a Linest function for this graph because it is not linear.
Calculations and analysis:
From the graph and the table, it is very clear that the value of the resistance at which the
efficiency is maximum is equal to 120 .
Since PS =IS VS = IS2 R = 120 * 0.0842 = 0.85 W.
Therefore; R = PS / IS2.
2 2 2
∆ P 2 ∆ I 2 WHERE ∆P = ∆ I
∆R =
√( ) ( )
P
0.00016 A.
+ 2
I
S
I
+
∆V
√( ) ( )
V
= 0.011W. AND ∆I2 = 2*I2*∆I/I = 2I∆I =

0.011 2 0.00016 2
∆R =
√( 0.85
+)(
0.0071 )
= 0.025 

3|Page
Conclusion:
The results obtained from the experiment were as expected. By looking to the value of R
obtained from the experiment, it is very clear that it is really convenient and as we expected
before the beginning of the experiment. Also the graph is as expected because at a specific point,
the efficiency started decreasing again.
Note: there is a loss of power each time, and that is due to the small resistance in the wires of the
coil.
There might be a small error in the results and it is because we rounded the numbers and
readings to the correct number of significant figures.
References:
a. PHYS 194 Manual, p18, p30-32.
b. Error propagation file.
c. Internet sources: Wikipedia.

4|Page