TEST CODE 02127020

FORM TP 2005228 MAY/JUNE 2005

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION

HISTORY

Paper 02

2 hours 40 minutes

( 24 MAY 2005 (p.m.) )

UNIT 1: THE CARIBBEAN IN THE ATLANTIC WORLD

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. You should spend 10 minutes reading through the paper before starting to
write your responses.

2. Answer THREE questions, ONE on EACH Module.

3. You must answer ONE document-based question and TWO essay questions.

Copyright © 2003 Caribbean Examinations Council.

All rights reserved.

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SECTION A: MODULE 1

Answer ONE question only from this section.

Question 1

The extracts below relate to Spanish settlement in the Americas in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
Study them, then answer questions (a) to (d) that follow.

DOCUMENT I

In the first place, in regard to the Spanish Island [Hispaniola], that there should go there [white
Spanish] settlers up to the number of two thousand, who may w ant to go so as to render the
possession of the country safer and cause it to be more profitable and helpful in the intercourse
and traffic with the neighbouring islands.

Christopher Columbus to Ferdinand and Isabella, King and Queen of Spain, 1493, in Dr. Eric
Williams, Documents of West Indian History From the Spanish Discovery to the British
Conquest oflamaica, New York: A & B Books Publishers, 1963, p.32.

DOCUMENT II

We should try to send to the said Indies some religious men and clergymen, good persons, so that
they will administer the Holy Sacraments to those who w ill be there, and will try to convert to our
Holy Catholic Faith the said native Indians of the said Indies ...

Ferdinand and Isabella to Christopher Columbus, April23 and June 15, 1497, in Dr. Eric Williams,
Documents of West Indian History From the Spanish Discovery to the British Conquest ofJamaica.
New York: A & B Books Publishers, 1963, p.35.

DOCUMENT III

... In the whole of Espanola there are very few [Spaniards except] vagabonds, and not one with
wife and children ... a dissolute people, who fear neither God, nor their King and Queen, being
full of vices and wickedness ...

Christopher Columbus to the Nurse of the Prince Don John, 1500, in Dr. Eric Williams,
Documents of West Indian History From the Spanish Discovery to the British Conquest of
Jamaica, New York: A & B Books Publishers, 1963, p.36.
(a) With reference to Document I,

(i) state the measures taken by Columbus in 1493 to make the island of Hispaniola more
profitable. [ 4 marks]

(ii) briefly explain Columbus' concern to make Hispaniola "safer". [ 4 marks]

(b) With reference to Document II, outline TWO functions of the Church in Spanish settlements
during the sixteenth century, apart from preaching and conversion. [ 6 marks]

(c) Briefly explain TWO factors that contributed to the conditions described in Document III.
[ 6 marks]

(d) What do Documents I- III suggest about the objectives of early Spanish settlements, and the
extent to which they were met by 1500? [10 marks]

Total 30 marks

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Question 2

Select TWO indigenous groups, ONE from EACH of the follow ing categories:

Category 1: Aztec, Inca, Maya

Category 2: Kalinago, Taino, Tupi

For the TWO groups selected, account for their different levels of achievement in agriculture before
the arrival of the Europeans in 1492. [30 marks]

Question 3

Assess the credibility of the evidence for West African presence in the Americas before the arrival of
Columbus. [30 marks]

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SECTION B: MODULE 2

Answer ONE question only from this section.

Question 4

The extracts below relate to the experiences of Africans during slavery. Study them, then answer
questions (a) to (d) that follow.

DOCUMENT I

During that day [Sunday] the field Negroes in Barbados are, almost universally, employed either
in cultivating their little spots of ground in order to eke out their scanty allowance of food; or in
travelling, many of them, for several miles, to market, with a few roots, orfruits ... The masons,
carpenters, .. . do little jobs on their own account.

William Dickson, Letters on Slavery ( I789), Westport, Connecticut: Negro Universities Press,
1970, p.30.

DOCUMENT II

Punch, beer, wine, were again handed round, and the attendants in naked grace were employed in
beating off with fragrant branches the remorseless mosquitoes . .. The ni ght was marked by
copious libations and smoking, until at length; overpowered with fatigue, repletion, and happiness,
the Lordly Planters sunk into the arms of repose, to dream of insurrections and earthquakes.

H. G. Dalton, The History of British Guiana (1855), 1, 314-16, in Alvin 0 . Thompson,

A Documentary History ofSlavery in Berbice. 1796-1834, Georgetown, Guyana: Free Press,
2002, p.61.

DOCUMENT III

Their mental and physical indolence, in short, their collective intellectual powers that stand at a
very low level, allow of the Negroes being endowed with but a few good qualities, among which
their unlimited gratitude shines Forth as the most brilliant ... [but] their unbounded thirst for
revenge .. . is very striking. Not only in connection with his physique but also in regard to
disposition, a marked difference is shown between the Creole negro and the one brought straight
from Africa: the latter is reserved and mi schievous, the former is ever cheerful, light-hearted and
ready for a joke.

Robert Schomburgk, Travels in British Guiana (I 848), I, 47, in Alvin 0. Thompson,

A Documentary History ofSlavery in Berbice. 1796-1834, Georgetown, Guyana: Free Press,
2002, p.65.
(a) With reference to Document I, briefly explain the importance of provision grounds and
marketing to the enslaved people in Barbados. [ 6 marks]

(b) What do Documents I and II suggest about the lifestyles of the enslaved people and of the
planters? [ 6 marks]

(c) With reference to Caribbean slavery, comment on the accuracy of the image of e nslaved
people as portrayed in Document III. [ 9 marks]

(d) With reference to Documents I, II and III, comment briefly on THREE features of Caribbean
slave society, apart from those referred to in (a) and (b) above. [ 9 marks]

Total 30 marks

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Question 5

Assess the view that the enslaved people in Haiti were " the principal architects of their own freedom
and of the success ful movement towards nati onal independence" . [30 marks]

Question 6

A ssess the strategies used by the Briti sh A bolitionists against the institution o f slavery.
[30 mm·ks]

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SECTION C: MODULE 3
Answer ONE question only from this section.
Question 7
The extracts be low relate to the Cuban Revolution. Study them, then a nswer questions (a) to (d)
that follow.

DOCUMENT I

The people - and especially the Republic- should keep tuned to Radio Rebelde, make preparations
for a general strike in all workplaces and begin it when they recei ve the order, if it is needed, to
resist a counter-revolutionary coup attempt . . . The people and the Rebel Army must be more
united and firmer than ever before, so the victory that has cost so many lives may not be snatched
away.

Fidel Castro, Instructions from General Headquarters to all Rebel Army Commanders and the
People, January I, 1959, in G. C. Luis (ed.) Cuban Revolution Reader. New York: Ocean Press,
2001, p.14.
DOCUMENT II
The first thing that those of us who have carried out this revolution have to ask ourselves is why
we did so. Was it out of ambition, a lust for power or any other ignoble reason? Were any of the
combatants for this revolution idealists who . .. sought other ends? Did we carry out the revolution
thinking that, as soon as the dictatorship was overthrown, we would benefit from being in power. . . ?

Address by Fidel Castro in Cespedes Park, Santiago de Cuba, January 2, 1959, in G. C. Luis
(ed.) Cuban Revolution Reader. New York: Ocean Press, 2001, p.20.

DOCUMENT III

The National General Assembly of the People of Cuba strongly condemns U . S. imperialism for
its gross and criminal domination, lasting more than a century, of a ll the peoples of Latin America,
who more than once have seen the soil of Mexico, N icaragua, H aiti, Santo Domingo and Cuba
invaded; who have lost to a greedy imperiali sm s uch w ide and rich lands as Texas, suc h vital
strategic zones as the Panama Canal, and even, as in the case of Puerto Rico, entire countries
converted into territories of occupation; who have suffered the insults of the Marines towards our
wives and daughters ...

First Declaration of Havana, September 2, 1959, in G. C. Luis ( ed.) Cuban Revolution Reader.
New York: Ocean Press, 2001, p.47.
(a) Briefly explain the references to
(i) a "counter-revolutionary coup" and [ 3 marks]
(ii) "the Rebel Army" [ 3 marks]

in Document I.

(b) With reference to Document II, briefly explain TWO motives of Fidel Castro and the revo lu-
tionaries in overthrowing the Batista dictatorship. [ 6 marks]

(c) With reference to Document III, briefly explain THREE reasons why the Uni ted States of
America opposed the C uban Revolution after 1959. [ 9 marks]

(d) With reference to Documents I, II and III, explain how the United States of America
demonstrated its opposition to the Cuban Revolution. [ 9 marks]

Total 30 marks

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Question 8

"A confl ic t betwee n the o ld order a nd new circumstances". Di scuss this view wi th refere nce to
ONE of the fo llo wing workers' rebellio ns:

Labour Protest, S t. Vincent, 1862

Mo rant Bay Re bellion, Jamaica, 1865
Confede ration Riots, Barbados, 1876 [30 marks]

Question 9"

Discuss the view that internal instability and external hostility undermined the new Haitia n state
between 1804 and 1825 . [30 marks]

END OF TEST

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