‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

Name: Hazim Kamal Alden Ahmed Elbagir.

University: U.M.S.T

Section: Master Biomedical Engineering

Supervised: DR.Sara

Defined Glossary Of Terms:

1/Artificial Intelligence (AI):

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by

machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI
include expert systems, natural language processing (NLP), speech recognition

and machine vision. Example: Machine learning.

2/Biomaterials: A biomaterial is any substance that has been engineered to

interact with biological systems for a medical purpose - either a therapeutic (treat,
augment, repair or replace a tissue function of the body) or a diagnostic one. As a
science, biomaterial is about fifty years old. The study of biomaterials is
called biomaterials science or biomaterials engineering.

Example: ceramic, polymers, metal...etc.

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3/Computational Modeling:

Is a mathematical model in computational science that requires

extensive computational resources to study the behavior of a complex
system by computer simulation.

4/Computed Tomography (CT):

is a medical imaging procedure that uses computer-processed combinations of

many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional
(tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object,
allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.

5/Drug delivery Systems:

A drug delivery system is a system that is used as a medium

or carrier for administering a pharmaceutical product to a patient.

Example: chitosan is of special interest for its ability to interact with mucosal
surfaces and to provide a bio adhesive effect that will retain drugs at target sites.

6/Image-Guided Robotic interventions:

Image-guided robotic interventions are medical procedures that integrate

sophisticated robotic and imaging technologies, primarily to perform minimally
invasive surgery. This integrated technology approach offers distinct advantages
for both patients and physicians.

Example: Robotic prostatectomy.

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7/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):

 is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of

the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body. MRI scanners use
strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate
images of the organs in the body. MRI does not involve X-rays or the use
of ionizing radiation, which distinguishes it from CT scans.

8/Mammography:

 is the process of using low-energy X-rays (usually around 30 kVp) to examine the

human breast for diagnosis and screening. The goal of mammography is the early
detection of breast cancer, typically through detection of characteristic masses
or micro calcifications.

9/Nuclear Medicine:

A branch of medicine that uses small amounts of radioactive substances to make

pictures of areas inside the body and to treat disease. In cancer, the radioactive
substance may be used with a special machine (such as a PET scanner) to find the
cancer, to see how far it has spread, or to see how well a treatment is working.
Radioactive substances may also be used to treat certain types of cancer,

Example: thyroid cancer and lymphoma.

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10/Optical Imaging:

is a technique for non-invasively looking inside the body, as is done with x-rays. But,
unlike x-rays, which use ionizing radiation, optical imaging uses visible light and the
special properties of photons to obtain detailed images of organs and tissues as well as
smaller structures including cells and even molecules. These images are used by
scientists for research and by clinicians for disease diagnosis and treatment.

Examples include optical microscopy. Anti-tumors agents.

11/Rehabilitation Engineering:

The application of engineering principles and practices to the design and manufact
during of assistive technology devices, Example: powered wheelchairs, environme
ntal control systems, and augmentative or alternative communication devices.

12/Sensors:

 is a device, module, machine, or subsystem whose purpose is to detect events or

changes in its environment and send the information to other electronics,
frequently a computer processor. A sensor is always used with other electronics.

13/Telehealth: is the distribution of health-related services and information via

electronic information and telecommunication technologies. It allows long-
distance patient and clinician contact, care, advice, reminders, education,
intervention, monitoring, and remote admissions.

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14/Tissue Engineering and Regenerative medicine

Tissue engineering is a branch of regenerative medicine, itself a branch of

biomedical engineering. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are
concerned with the replacement or regeneration of cells, tissues (the focus of tissue
engineers) or organs to restore normal biological function.

15/Ultrasound:

is sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of

human hearing. Ultrasound is not different from "normal" (audible) sound in its
physical properties, except that humans cannot hear it. This limit varies from
person to person and is approximately 20 kilohertz (20,000 hertz) in healthy young
adults Ultrasound devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several
gigahertz.

16/X-rays:

X rays are electromagnetic radiation that differentially penetrates structures within

the body and creates images of these structures on photographic film or a
fluorescent screen. These images are called diagnostic x rays.
Diagnostic x rays are useful in detecting abnormalities within the body. They are a
painless, non-invasive way to help diagnose problems such as broken bones,
tumors, dental decay, and the presence of foreign bodies.

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