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SCIENCE
Learning Activity Sheets
(Grade 10)
Copyright © 2020
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Regional Office No. 02 (Cagayan Valley)
Regional Government Center, Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, 3500
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This material has been developed for the implementation of K to 12 Curriculum through the
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works are acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this
material for commercial purposes and profit.
Consultants:
Regional Director : ESTELA L. CARIÑO EdD, CESO IV, DepEd R02
Assistant Regional Director : RHODA T. RAZON EdD, CESO V, DepEd R02
Schools Division Superintendent : FLORDELIZA C. GECOBE PhD, CESO VI, SDO Quirino
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent : MARY JULIE A. TRUS PhD, SDO Quirino
Chief Education Supervisor, CLMD : OCTAVIO V. CABASAG PhD, DepEd R02
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : JORGE G. SADDUL, SR.
Development Team
Writers: RACQUIEL B. ARZADON, T-III, Solano High School
FELY L. DACUSIN, T -III, Solano High School
KATHLEEN KAYE P. LAGUERTS, T-III, Solano High School
IRENE G. LORENZO, T-III, Solano High School
ROSARIO O. SARMIENTO, MT I, Aritao High School
GRACE B.ORDONEZ, T-III, Aritao High School
MARY ANN D. CARPISO, MT II, Nueva Vizcaya General Comprehensive High School
NATHANIEL R. ALMENDRA, T-III, Nueva Vizcaya General Comprehensive High School
VIANNIE MAY B. COLLADO, T-III, Nueva Vizcaya General Comprehensive High School
DAISY O. FACUN, T-III, Bambang NHS
MARILYN M. OMANITO, T-III, Bambang NHS
ALMA MAE CASABAY, T-III, Bambang NHS
CHEYSERR ANN A, SALDIVAR, T-III, Quezon National High School
GILBERT B. MIGANO, T-III, Tuao High School
Content Editor: MARICEL S. FRANCO, Education Program Supervisor- SCIENCE, SDO Nueva Vizcaya, et.al
Focal Persons: RIZALINO G. CARONAN, Education Program Supervisor–LRMDS, CLMD, DepEd R02
ESTER T. GRAMAJE, Education Program Science, CLMD, DepEd R02
MARICEL S. FRANCO, Education Program Supervisor, SDO Nueva Vizcaya
BERMELITA E. GUILLERMO, LR Supervisor
i
Table of Contents
ii
SCIENCE 10
Name: __________________________________ Grade Level: ______________
Section: _________________________________ Date: __________________
Geologic processes had shaped many different land features on earth. Where these
processes commonly occur is prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions
and mountain deformations like landslides which could cause threat to human living on earth.
Learning Competency:
● Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major
mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory. (1st Q / Week 1-3) (S10ES – Ia-j-36.1)
Activity 1: “I Remember”
Directions: Write E if the term is related to earthquakes, V for volcanoes and M for mountains.
The Philippines is a hotpot of natural disasters due to its geographic location. Volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes and mountain deformations are common occurrences. Recent occurrences
of earthquakes are recorded and studied for risk reduction preparations. Figure 1 shows the map
of earthquakes recorded in a 30-day period from April 25 to May 25, 2020 while figure 2 shows
the map of volcanoes and mountains in the Philippines.
Trace the locations of the different geologic processes using the Philippine map below.
Use blue marker/crayon for earthquake epicenters, red for volcanoes and yellow for mountains.
Source: https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-
Source: locations-of-active-volcanoes-and-mountain-belts-
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/ in-the-Philippines
Figure 1. Map of Earthquakes in the Figure 2. Map of Volcanoes and Mountains in
Philippines the Philippines
Guide Question:
How are the different geologic processes distributed on the Philippine map?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
.
The natural disasters occurring in the Philippines are also happening all over the world.
Geologic processes, being a worldwide phenomenon, created different iconic features like the high
peaks of Everest, the maze of the Grand Canyon, and the conical shape of Mt. Fuji. Studying the
location of earthquake epicenters, volcanic eruptions, and mountain formations and deformations
help us understand these processes and uncover secrets of the earth.
Study Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5. Answer the guide questions below each figure.
Figure 3. This map shows the locations of all earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 4.5 for
the years 2015 and 2016. Please note that many dots are overlaid by other dots on this
map. Map scale reference is 30° latitude.
Guide Question:
1. How are the earthquakes distributed on the world map in figure 3?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Figure 4. This map shows the location of volcanoes that have been active within the past 10,000
years (triangles). Map scale reference is 30° latitude.
Source: https://www.euratlas.net/geography/world/mountains/index.html
Figure 5. Map of major mountains of the world (dark areas indicate mountain land)
Guide Question:
2. How are the volcanoes and mountains distributed on the world map in figure 4 and 5?
________________________________________________________________
Directions: Draw a if you agree with the statement and if you disagree.
Guide Question:
1. Why do you think earthquakes and volcanoes occur in these areas?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Directions: Plot the common areas of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and mountain ranges using
a marker or crayon on the map below. Refer to Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5.
Guide Question:
1. Based on what you have drawn on the map, how will you relate the distribution of
earthquakes with the distribution of mountain ranges and volcanoes?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth’s outer shell is divided into several plates that glide
over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. The plates act like a hard and rigid shell
compared to Earth’s mantle. This strong outer layer is called the lithosphere, which is 100 km
thick. The lithosphere includes the crust and outer part of the mantle. Below the lithosphere is the
asthenosphere, which is malleable or partially malleable, allowing the lithosphere to move around.
The lithosphere is divided into nine major tectonic plates that moves as a unit. The plate boundaries
are where the edges of the lithospheric plates meet. In general, plate boundaries are the scene where
much geologic action is concentrated. The densest area where geologic processes take place is
known as the Ring of Fire around the Pacific Ocean.
Study Figure 7, showing the major tectonic plates in the world and compare this with
your traced boundaries in Activity 4.
Guide Question:
1. How do the lines you traced in Activity 4 compare with the lines formed by the
tectonic plates in figure 7?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Explain the similarities or differences between the lines you traced and the lines
formed by the tectonic plates.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Which term is best described as the region known as the most active in geologic
processes?
a. plate boundaries
b. tectonic plate
c. ring of fire
d. hotspot
References
Anne E. Egger, Ph.D. “Plates, Plate Boundaries, and Driving Forces” Visionlearning Vol. EAS
(2), 2003. Retrieved from https://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Earth-Science/
Daniel Hauptvogel and Jinny Sisson. The Story of Earth: An Observational Guide. Uhlibraries,
n.d. Retrieved from https://uhlibraries.pressbooks.pub/historicalgeologylab/chapter/
Prepared by:
Kathleen Kaye P. Laguerta
Irene G. Lorenzo
Fely D. Dacusin
Racquiel B. Arzadon
SOLANO HS
Background Information
“Your Islands and Valley of Fun” or simply Cagayan Valley is very rich in land forms
such as hills, mountains and volcanoes. Few of these are the Bangan Hill in Nueva Vizcaya,
Mt. Cagua in Cagayan and Mt. Iraya in the island of Batanes. Have you ever wondered why
Cagayan Valley is blessed with these kind of geologic features? How are these geologic
features formed?
From your previous lesson, you were able to learn how plate boundaries move toward
each other, move apart or rather slide past each other. Furthermore, you studied on the different
geological processes and features that occur along these various types of plate boundaries.
In this learning activity sheet, you will be able to acquire more ideas with the different
processes that occur along the plate boundaries. There are nine exciting activities prepared to
help you understand how these phenomena affect the relationship among the locations of
volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and mountain ranges.
Learning Competency
At the end of this journey, you should be able to explain the different processes that
occur along the plate boundaries. (Quarter 1,Week 5-6) S10ES-Ia-j-36.3
Directions: Encircle the 12 words listed on the table using the puzzle below. Words appear in
a straight across, back- word straight across, up and down, down and up, and
diagonally.
What do you expect to learn from this module based from the terms that you have
hunted?
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Directions: Study the figures below and fill in the table by writing a check (√) on the following
geologic events that occurred in each type of converging plates.
Figure 1. converging continental and oceanic plates Figure 2. converging oceanic plates
Tsunami
Subduction
Earthquake
Formation of trench
Formation of mountain
Formation of volcano and/or volcanic
arc
Formation of volcanic island arc
2. Why does subduction occur in continental – oceanic and oceanic – oceanic but not in
continental – continental converging plates?
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
3. Why do you think earthquake occurs in all types of converging plates? Explain.
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
4. In your own words, explain how each type of converging plates take place.
Sources:
Acosta, Herma D. et al (2015). Deped science learning material 10. REX Bookstore Inc. Meralco
Avenue, Pasig City pp.17.
http://marinebio.net
https://www.buzzle.com/images/geography/volcanoes/continental-continental-convergence.jpg
Directions: Below are jumbled letters of the concept you learned about CONVERGENCE OF
PLATES. Rearrange each jumbled letters in COLUMN A and write your
answers in COLUMN B. Then match descriptions of these words in COLUMN
D. Write the corresponding letter of your choice in COLUMN C. The first item
is provided as an example.
Directions: Analyze the illustration below and answer the following questions.
https://www.elephango.com/index.cfm/pg/k12learning/lcid/11122/Divergent_Boundaries
Guide Questions
1. How will you describe the direction of the two arrows in the figure above?
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2. What causes the separation of plates?
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
3. What are the geologic processes/events that will occur because of this plate movement?
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
4. What geologic features might form in this type of plate boundary?
______________________________________________________________
Divergent boundary is a location where plates are moving away from one another. This
occurs above rising convection currents. The rising current pushes up on the bottom of the
lithosphere, lifting it. At the crest of the uplift, the overlying plate is stretched thin, breaks and
pulls apart. Divergent boundary can happen in oceanic plates as well as in continental plates.
Diverging oceanic plates may cause the formation of mid - ocean ridges, occurrence of
volcanic activity (fissure eruptions), shallow earthquake, creation of new seafloor and widening
of ocean basin.
When a divergent boundary occurs beneath a thick continental plate, the pull-apart is
not vigorous enough to create a clean, single break through the thick plate material. Here, the
thick continental plate is arched upwards from the convection current's lift, pulled thin by
extensional forces, and fractured into a rift-shaped structure. As the two plates pull apart,
normal faults develop on both sides of the rift and the central blocks slide downwards. This
may cause the formation of a rift valley, occurrence of shallow earthquakes and formation of
new basin.
DIAGRAM SITUATION
Process 1: _______, ________
1 A. As the pressure of
convection current
Process 2: _______, ________ continues, the overlying
plate is stretched thus
becoming thin.
Process 3: _______, ________
2 B. As the lithosphere
becomes thinner and
Process 4: _______, ________ thinner, it breaks and pulls
apart, forming a crack.
5
E. The rising current pushes
up on the bottom of the
lithosphere, lifting it.
6
F. As they reach the top,
they cool down and sink.
Thus, convection current
occurs.
Directions: Fill in the boxes to identify the word/s being described. Use small letters.
1. A continuous mass of land with long width and height on the ocean floor
3. A lowland region that forms where Earth’s tectonic continental plates move apart.
4. Current in the mantle due to the heat from the inner layers of the Earth. Also, the
force that drives the plates to move around.
How many earthquakes have you already experienced? What causes this very strong
earthquake? You have learned from the previous activities that convergent boundary and
divergent boundary can cause the occurrence of earthquake. Did you know that very strong
earthquake is caused by the other type of boundary which is the transform fault boundary?
Transform fault boundary is produced when two plates slide past each other.
Before we study about transform fault boundary, let me introduce you first to one of
the most famous fault systems in the world and this is the San Andreas Fault.
Let’s Do It!
Materials: 3 pieces of any rectangular biscuits /crackers (preferably graham crackers) and clean
sheet of paper or plate.
Procedures:
1. Cut your graham crackers into two and position them in the same manner as shown in
the figure below. Place them on top of your clean paper or plate.
2. Move the crackers following the directions of arrows above. Be sure they are touching
while you are moving them.
3. Now break the other half into two pieces. The edges should not be smooth. Put the
crackers back together.
Did you know that some of the largest and most active volcanoes of the world are found
at the middle of the plate? One of which is the Hawaiian islands. This chain of islands is not
situated along the boundaries but is located in the middle of the Pacific plate.
How do these volcanic islands form in the middle of the plate? Geologists believed that
this chain of volcanoes has been built up by repeated eruptions of magma from a hot spot. So,
what is a hot spot? Let us try to understand this by doing the next activity.
Directions: Color the diagram with the appropriate colors assigned to each part.
Parts Color
Mantle Orange
Hot spot Red
Pacific plate Brown
Continental plate Black
Shield volcano (Hawaii) Green
Composite volcano (Japan) Blue
Magma from converging plates Yellow
https://www.nps.gov/teachers/classrooms/upload/HALE-GEOLOGY-Hawaiian-Islands-Born-of-fire.pdf
Guide Questions
Hot spot is a region of Earth’s upper mantle that upwells to melt through the crust to
form a volcanic feature. It is a source of heat from the mantle that continually generates new
magma. Hawaiian island is formed through hot spot. As the Pacific plate moves, different parts
of it will be on top of the mantle plume to receive the molten materials, thus creating the
volcanic islands.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Cagayan Valley often experiences earthquakes. This happen because most of the land
area is situated on the valley between the Cordilleras and the Sierra Madre mountain ranges
which are the results of convergence of plates.
To establish readiness and to secure safety for this natural disaster, set a meeting with
your family and prepare your home evacuation plan. Fill in the needed information on the
table below. You can attach documentations.
MY PERSONAL REFLECTION
REFERENCES
Acosta, Herma D. et al (2015). DepEd Science Learning Material 10. REX Bookstore Inc.
Meralco Avenua, Pasig City pp.3-32.
Ocean-Ocean Convergence and Volcanic Island Arc Formation Accessed last May 20, 2020.
https://www.pmfias.com/ocean-ocean-convergence-and-volcanic-island-arc-
formation/
Plate Tectonics: Convergent plate boundaries & subduction-zone volcanism. Accessed last
May 20, 2020 https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/geology/subduction-zones.html
Rift valley and ocean ridges pictures. Accessed last May 20, 2020.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/rift_valley;http://acaemic.emporia.e
du/aberjame/student/tilton4/rgrift.html; https://www.shutterstock.com/image-
photo/thingvellir-silfra-iceland-april-5th-2019-1366743560
1. Tsunamis are formed A tsunami is a series of extremely long waves caused by a large
and sudden displacement of the ocean, usually the result of an earthquake below or near
the ocean floor.
2. Subduction occurs only in continental – oceanic and oceanic – oceanic because one
plate is denser than the other while in continental – continental converging plates both
plates have the same densities.
3. Earthquake occurs in all types of converging plates because of the continuous grinding
of plates as they move towards each other.
MY PERSONAL REFLECTION
**Students answers may vary.
Prepared by:
What causes the movement of tectonic plates? And what facilitates these
movements? These are probably just some of the questions that may come to your mind
when talking about movement of plates.
Convection current, which happens at the mantle of the earth, causes the plates to
move around. But aside from this, two other processes that cause the movement of plates
are the push ridge and slab-pull.
As you explore this learning activity sheet, you will further understand the different
processes causing the movement of plates.
Learning Competency
Directions: Label the diagram below showing the convection current in a container of water.
Refer your answer from the given terminologies inside the box.
Guide Questions:
1. Based from the diagram, what happens to the water as it is heated? Why?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Directions: The figures below show how convection current occurs in a beaker of water and
in the earth’s mantle. Compare and relate the two figures.
Figure 1 Figure 2
Convection Current in a beaker of water. Convection Current in the earth’s mantle.
Guide Questions:
1. What part in Figure 2 corresponds to the following materials in Figure 1:
a. stove-_______________
b. blocks of wood- _____________
c. water-__________________
2. In figure 2, what is the source of heat that drives convection currents in earth’s layer?
___________________________________________________________________
5. How does boiling water resemble a process that drives the movement of the tectonic plates?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
How do you find this activity?
_____Easy to learn.
_____An exciting one.
_____Quite difficult.
_____ A confusing one.
Activity 3: Looks Familiar
________________________________ __________________________________
_________________________________ __________________________________
_________________________________ __________________________________
_________________________________ __________________________________
_________________________________ __________________________________
Directions: Study the given diagram showing the convection cell in the Earth’s mantle.
Answer the questions inside the box.
Practice personal hygiene protocols at all times. 32
Question Answer
1.Where is the convection current source of heat come
from?
There are three main processes or forces that have been proposed as the drivers of plate movement,
namely:
1. Convection current- mantle currents carrying plates of lithosphere along on top.
2. Ridge push- as an oceanic crust moves away from a divergent boundary, it becomes denser
than the newer oceanic crust. As the older seafloor sinks, the weight of the uplifted ridge
pushes the oceanic crust toward the trench at the subduction zone.
3. Slab pull-older, colder plates sink at the subduction zone, because as they cool, they become
denser so the (cooler) sinking plate pulls the rest of the (warmer) plates along behind it.
Directions: Identify the different processes that causes the movement of plates. Refer your
answer on the given words inside the box.
convection current ridge-push slab pull
1._________________________ 4. ________________________
2._________________________ 5. ________________________
3._________________________ 6. ________________________
Things
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
What
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
I’ve ____________________________________________________________
Learned
Things ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
I still
____________________________________________________________
Want to ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Learn
References:
• Acosta, H.D. et al. Science 10 Learner’s Material. Pasig City: Rex Book Store Inc.pp70-
72, 2015.
• https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/ConvectionCurrentMantleTeachingRes
ources.html Retrieved: May 18, 2020
• https://studyres.com/doc/14564305/mantle-convection-worksheet
• https://sites.google.com/a/ocsb.ca/cgc-1d/a-unit-2-3-natural-disasters--earthquakes/1-
4-convection-currents/2-convection-currents
ACTIVITY 2
Guide Questions
1. a. core b. plates c. mantle
2. core
3. In figure 1, as molecules of water is heated, it moves upward causing sideward
force and when it cools it moves downward and rises again when heated, this
how convection current takes place in boiling water.
4. In figure 2, the hot, less dense rocks rising spread out as it reaches the upper
mantle causing upward and sideward forces. Once the hot less dense rocks cool
down, they sink, and other less dense rocks rise, this continuous process is
called convection current.
5. The uneven distribution of heat energy in the water causes denser
molecules to sink and less dense to rise. Similarly, the uneven distribution
of heat energy in the earth’s interior causes denser rocks to sink and less
dense rocks to rise.
ACTIVITY 3
1. core
2. A, because it is near the core.
3. C, because it is denser since it is away from the ridge where magma rises
and forms into new rocks.
4. The temperature in B is higher while in C is lower and the density in B is
lesser while in D is greater.
5. Slab pull
ACTIVITY 5
1. slab pull
2. ridge-push
3. ridge-push
4. slab pull
5. convection current
6. convection current
Prepared by:
MARILYN P. OMANITO
Teacher III
Bambang National High School
Learning Competency
Enumerate the lines of evidence that support plate movement
(S9ES –Ia-j36.6 First Quarter, Week 8)
E V I D E N C E S
2-2 8-1 3-3 2-1 2-2 5-2 1-3 2-2 7-1
1.
1-3 5-3 1-1 4-3 2-1 2-2 6-1 5-3 7-1 3-3 7-2 7-1
4.
1-3 5-3 5-2 8-1 2-2 1-3 7-2 3-3 5-3 5-2
1-3 5-3 5-2 7-2 3-3 5-2 2-2 5-2 7-2 1-1 4-3
4-1 3-3 3-1 7-1 1-1 8-2 6-2 7-3 9-2 9-2 4-3 2-2
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
D. Coal Deposits
Coal beds were discovered in South
America, Africa, Indian subcontinent,
Southeast Asia, and even in Antarctica.
The current location of Antarctica could
not sustain substantial amount of life. If
there is a substantial quantity of coal in it
only means that Antarctica must have been
positioned in a part of the Earth where it
once supported large quantities of life.
This leads to the idea that Antarctica once
experienced a tropical climate, thus, it
Figure 5: Coal Deposits might have been closer before to the
equator.
A. Magnetic Reversal
Seafloor spreading was strengthened with the discovery that the magnetic rocks near
the ridge follow a pattern aside from the fact that rocks near the ridge are remarkably younger
than those farther from the ridge.
Magnetic reversal is also called magnetic ‘flip’ of the Earth. It happens when the North
Pole is transformed into a South Pole and the South Pole becomes the North Pole. This is due
to the change in the direction of flow in the outer core.
The occurrence of magnetic reversals can be explained through the magnetic patterns
in magnetic rocks, especially those found in the ocean floor. When lava solidifies, iron bearing
minerals crystallize. As these crystallize, the minerals behave like tiny compasses and align
with the Earth’s magnetic field. So when magnetic reversal occurs, there is also a change in the
polarity of the rocks. This allowed scientists to visualize the magnetic stripes in the ocean floor
and to construct a magnetic polarity time scale.
A. Convection Current
As a substance like water is heated, the less dense particles rise while denser particles
sink. Once the hot less dense particles cool down, they sink, and the other less dense particles
rise. This continuous process is called convection current. This is exactly what happens in the
Earth’s mantle. The hot, less dense rising material spreads out as it reaches the upper mantle
causing upward and sideward forces. These forces lift and split the lithosphere at divergent
plate boundaries. The hot magma flows out of the mantle and cools down to form the new
ocean crust. The downward movement of the convection current occurs along a convergent
boundary where the sinking force pulls the tectonic plate downward.
_______2. B. Continental
Jigsaw Puzzle
_______4. D. Fossils
_______5. E. Magnetic
Reversal
_______6. F. Rocks
G. Seafloor
Spreading
1. What is Continental Drift theory? What are the evidences supporting the Continental
Drift Theory?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
2. What is Seafloor Spreading? What are the evidences supporting the Seafloor
Spreading?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
3. What is Plate Tectonics? What are the evidences supporting the Plate Tectonics?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
LEARN MORE!
Acosta,H.,et.al (2015) Grade 10 Science Learner’s Material, The Earth’s Mechanism, pages
53-71
Arrington, Derrick (n.d.) Fossil Evidence: Definition & Overview. Study.com., accessed 24
May 2020, https://study.com/academy/lesson/fossil-evidence-definition-lesson-
quiz.html
Ghose, Tia (2018) Facts About Pangaea, Ancient Supercontinent. LiveScience. , accessed 24
May 2020, https://www.livescience.com/38218-facts-about-pangaea.html
Helmenstine, Anne Marie (2019) Convection Currents in Science, What They Are and
How They Work. ThoughtsCo. , accessed 24 May 2020,
https://www.thoughtco.com/convection- currents-definition-and-examples-
4107540
Reid, Peter (2011) 2012: Magnetic Pole Reversal Happens All The (Geologic) Time.
NASA.,accessed 24 May 2020, https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2012-
poleReversal.html
Tsujita, Cam (n.d.) The Continental Jigsaw Puzzle. OGReNet Lesson Recipes. , accessed 24
May 2020,
http://id3455.securedata.net/ontariogeoscience/lessonplans/jigsawpuzzle.html
Prepared By:
GILBERT T. MIGANO
Science Teacher
Tuao High School
Illustrator:
The most visible Fossilized Rock formations The current Magnetic The convection
and fascinating leaves of an in Africa line up location of reversal is also currents rotate
evidence that extinct plant with that in Antarctica could called magnetic very slowly, as
these continent Glossopteris South America not sustain ‘flip’ of the Earth. they move and
were once in were found in as if it was a long substantial It happens when drag the plates
their shapes. 250 million mountain range. amount of life. If the North Pole is along. Because
The edges of years old rocks. The folded cape there is a transformed into of convection
one continent These fossils mountains of substantial a South Pole current, the
surprisingly were located in South America quantity of coal and the South tectonic plates
matches the the continents of and Africa line in it, thus, it only Pole becomes are able to move
edges of Southern Africa, up perfectly as if means that the North Pole. slowly along the
another. Australia, India, they were once Antarctica must This is due to the tectonic
and Antarctica, a long mountain have been change in the boundaries,
which are now range positioned in a direction of flow pushing each
separated from part of the Earth in the outer core. other, sliding
each other by where it once past each other
wide oceans. supported large and drifting
The large seeds quantities of life. away from each
of this plant This leads to the other.
could not idea that
possibly travel a Antarctica once
long journey by experienced a
the wind or tropical climate,
survive a rough thus, it might
ride through have been
ocean waves. closer before to
the equator.
EXERCISES:
1. What is the Continental Drift theory? What is/ are the evidences supporting the
Continental Drift Theory?
ANSWER:
Continental drift was a theory that explained how continents shift position on
Earth's surface. It proposed that the continents were once a supercontinent called
Pangaea
The evidences supporting the Continental Drift Theory are the continental
jigsaw puzzle, evidences from fossils, evidences from rocks and coal deposits.
2. What is Seafloor Spreading? What is/ are the evidences supporting the Seafloor
Spreading?
3. What is Plate Tectonics Theory? What is/ are the evidences supporting the Plate
Tectonics?
ANSWER:
The Plate Tectonic Theory provided an explanation about the movement of the
lithospheric plates. The Earth’s lithosphere is divided into several plates. Heat is
produced in the core that produces convection in the mantle. This convection causes
the plate to move around.
The evidence supporting the Plate Tectonic Theory is the convection current.