NAME: Raj Kheratkar

CLASS: TE-IT-B
ROLL NO.: 19
BATCH: B1
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MODULE -6_ASSIGNMENT
Q. What are sensors used in IoT applications with the target embedded
boards for measuring temperature, pressure, and humidity? Explain the
same.
ANSWER:
Sensors for Temperature, Pressure and Humidity:

1. DHT11
DHT11 is a low-cost digital sensor for sensing temperature and humidity. This
sensor can be easily interfaced with any micro-controller such as Arduino,
Raspberry Pi etc.

Features:
1. Temperature range: 0-50 degree celsius
2. Sampling rate: 1Hz
3. Operating voltage: 3-5V
4. Max current during measuring: 2.5mA
5. DHT11 sensor consists of a capacitive humidity sensing element and a
thermistor for sensing temperature.
6. For measuring temperature this sensor uses a Negative Temperature
coefficient(NTC) thermistor, which causes a decrease in its resistance value
with increase in temperature.

2. LM35
LM35 is a precession Integrated Circuit Temperature sensor, whose output
voltage varies, based on the temperature around it.

Features:
1. Can measure temperature ranging from -55°C to 150°C
2. Output voltage is directly proportional (Linear) to temperature
3. Low cost temperature sensor
4. Small and hence suitable for remote applications
5. Minimum and Maximum Input Voltage is 35V and -2V respectively

3. BME280
The next-generation digital temperature, humidity and pressure sensor –
BME280. It’s a successor to sensors like BMP180, BMP085 or BMP183. This
precision sensor can measure relative temperature from -40°C to 85°C with
±1.0°C accuracy. The BME280 consumes less than 1mA during measurements
and only 5μA during idle. This low power consumption allow the
implementation in battery driven devices such as handsets, GPS modules or
watches.

4. DS18B20
DS18B20 is 1-Wire interface Temperature sensor. The unique 1-Wire Interface
requires only one digital pin for two way communication with a
microcontroller. DS18B20 temperature sensor is fairly precise and needs no
external components to work. It can measure temperatures from -55°C to
+125°C with ±0.5°C accuracy.

Q. Write a short note on extended Arduino libraries with Arduino program

example.
ANSWER:
The Arduino environment can be extended through the use of libraries, just like
most programming platforms. Libraries provide extra functionality for use in
sketches, e.g. working with hardware or manipulating data. To use a library in a
sketch, select it from Sketch > Import Library.
A number of libraries come installed with the IDE, but you can also download
or create your own. See these instructions for details on installing libraries.
There's also a tutorial on writing your own libraries. See the API Style Guide
for information on making a good Arduino-style API for your library.

Standard Libraries:
EEPROM - reading and writing to "permanent" storage
Ethernet - for connecting to the internet using the Arduino Ethernet Shield,
Arduino Ethernet Shield 2 and Arduino Leonardo ETH
Firmata - for communicating with applications on the computer using a standard
serial protocol.
GSM - for connecting to a GSM/GPRS network with the GSM shield.
LiquidCrystal - for controlling liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
SD - for reading and writing SD cards
Servo - for controlling servo motors
SPI - for communicating with devices using the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
Bus
SoftwareSerial - for serial communication on any digital pins. Version 1.0 and
later of Arduino incorporate Mikal Hart's NewSoftSerial library as
SoftwareSerial.
Stepper - for controlling stepper motors
TFT - for drawing text , images, and shapes on the Arduino TFT screen
WiFi - for connecting to the internet using the Arduino WiFi shield
Wire - Two Wire Interface (TWI/I2C) for sending and receiving data over a net
of devices or sensors.

1. SPI Library
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a synchronous serial data protocol used by
microcontrollers for communicating with one or more peripheral devices
quickly over short distances. It can also be used for communication between
two microcontrollers. With an SPI connection there is always one master device
(usually a microcontroller) which controls the peripheral devices.

To use this library

#include <SPI.h>

2. ETHERNET Library
With this library you can use the Arduino Ethernet (shield or board) to connect
to Internet. The library provides both client and server functionalities. The
library permits you to connect to a local network also with DHCP and to resolve
DNS.

To use this library

#include <SPI.h>
#include <Ethernet.h>

Example: An arduino program for blinking multiple LEDs with different delay
time.

PROGRAM-
void setup()
{
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
pinMode(8, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
 digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
delay(3000); // Wait for 3000 millisecond(s)
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
delay(3000); // Wait for 3000 millisecond(s)
digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
delay(4000); // Wait for 4000 millisecond(s)
digitalWrite(7, LOW);
delay(4000); // Wait for 4000 millisecond(s)
digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
delay(5000); // Wait for 5000 millisecond(s)
digitalWrite(8, LOW);
delay(5000); // Wait for 5000 millisecond(s)
}

OUTPUT- We will get multiple LEDs getting blinked at different delays.

Q. List different features of the raspberry pi board.

ANSWER:
Features of RPI 4 board:

1. Broadcom BCM2711, Quad-core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC @

1.5GHz
2. 2GB, 4GB, or 8GB LPDDR4-3200 SDRAM (depending on model)
3. 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz IEEE 802.11ac wireless, Bluetooth 5.0, BLE Gigabit
Ethernet
4. 2 USB 3.0 ports; 2 USB 2.0 ports.
5. Raspberry Pi standard 40 pin GPIO header (fully backward compatible with
previous boards)
6. 2 × micro-HDMI ports (up to 4kp60 supported), 2-lane MIPI DSI display
port, 2-lane MIPI CSI camera port, and 4-pole stereo audio and composite video
port
7. H.265 (4kp60 decode), H264 (1080p60 decode, 1080p30 encode) OpenGL
ES 3.0 graphics
8. Micro-SD card slot for loading operating system and data storage
9. 5V DC via USB-C connector (minimum 3A*) and 5V DC via GPIO header
(minimum 3A*)
10.Power over Ethernet (PoE) enabled (requires separate PoE HAT)