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1. Arduino Uno:
• The Arduino Uno is one of the most popular Arduino
boards.
• It features an ATmega328P microcontroller.
• It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog input pins,
and a USB connection for programming.
2. Arduino Mega:
• The Arduino Mega is a larger version of the Uno.
• It uses the ATmega2560 microcontroller.
• It offers 54 digital input/output pins, 16 analog inputs,
and more memory.
3. Arduino Nano:
• The Arduino Nano is a compact version.
• It uses the ATmega328P microcontroller.
• It's suitable for projects with space constraints and
features 22 digital input/output pins.
4. Arduino Due:
• The Arduino Due is notable for its 32-bit ARM
microcontroller.
• It offers more processing power and I/O capabilities.
• It has 54 digital input/output pins and 12 analog inputs.
5. Arduino Leonardo:
• The Arduino Leonardo is unique for its ATmega32u4
microcontroller.
• It supports USB-based keyboard and mouse emulation.
• It has 20 digital input/output pins and 12 analog inputs.
3.Differentiate various Raspberry Pi Models.
Arduino Pin Diagram and Usage (for Arduino Uno, for example):
Digital Pins (D0-D13):
• D0-D13: These are digital pins that can be used for both input
and output. They are often used for tasks like controlling LEDs,
reading digital sensors, and communicating with other digital
devices. The voltage levels can be set to high (5V) or low (0V).
Analog Pins (A0-A5):
• A0-A5: These pins are used for analog input. They can read
analog voltage levels within a specified range (usually 0-5V).
Analog pins are commonly used with sensors such as light
sensors, temperature sensors, and potentiometers.
Power Pins:
• Vin: This pin allows you to input external voltage (usually 7-
12V) to power the board when not using USB power.
• 5V: Supplies 5 volts for external components and can be used
as an output to provide power.
• 3.3V: Provides 3.3 volts for low-power devices.
• GND (Ground): These pins are for connecting the ground
reference voltage.
Special Function Pins:
• Reset: Used to reset the microcontroller.
• TX (Transmit) and RX (Receive): These pins are used for serial
communication.
• AREF (Analog Reference): This pin allows you to set an external
voltage reference for the analog pins.
• PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation): Certain digital pins support
PWM, allowing you to generate analog-like signals to control
servos, motors, and LED brightness.
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) and I2C Pins:
• These pins, labeled on some boards, are used for
communication with other devices using the SPI and I2C
protocols.
ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) Header:
• This header is used for programming the microcontroller with a
programmer device.
Reserved Pins:
• Some pins may be reserved for specific functions or left
unconnected.