Synopsis

on

“DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MONO WHEEL

OPERATED SPRAYER CUM WEEDER”

SYNOPSIS OF THESIS AND PROGRAMME OF WORK OF

POST- GRADUATE STUDENT
M.TECH. (AGRIL. ENGG.)

Submitted by
SHAMBHU SINGH
College ID – 220116022
University ID – 20161725060

Department of Farm Machinery and Power

SV College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology &
Research Station,
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C. G.)
2018
 Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur, (C.G.)

PROGRAMME OF WORK FOR POST-GRADUATE STUDIES

To,
The Director of Instructions
I.G.K.V., Raipur (C.G.).

The committee in-charge of work of Mr. Shambhu Singh admitted to M.

Tech. (Agricultural Engineering) in the SVCAET&RS, Faculty of Agricultural
Engineering, Department of Farm Machinery and Power majoring in First
Semester 2017-2018 after a conference with him, submit the following statement
and recommendations.
Field of investigation for thesis:
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MONO WHEEL OPERATED
SPRAYER CUM WEEDER

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION

Year Marks
Institution/
Degree of Division Percent Major Subject
University
Passing %
English, Hindi,
Govt Multi H S School Science, Mathematics,
High School 2009 1st 74.5
Ambikapur (surguja) CG Sanskrit,
Social Science
Physics, Chemistry,
Higher Govt Multi H S School Math’s, Hindi,
2011 1st 64.8
Secondary Ambikapur (surguja) CG English

B.Tech.
6.40
(Agril. nd All the subject of
2015 2 / 10.0 I.G.K.V.Raipur (C.G.)
Engg.) Agril. Engg.

M.Tech.
Farm Machinery &
(Agril. .. Persuing -- -- I.G.K.V, Raipur (C.G.)
Power.
Engg.)
List of course to be completed by the student to meet graduation
requirements:

S. Course No. Course Title Credit

No. s

(i) MAJOR
1 FMPE-501* Design of Farm Power and Machinery Systems 4 (3+1)
2 FMPE-502* Soil Dynamics in Tillage and Traction 3 (2+1)
3 FMPE-503* Testing and Evaluation of Tractors and Farm 3 (2+1)
Equipment
4 FMPE-504* System Simulation and Computer Aided 2 (1+1)
Problem Solving in Engineering
5 FMPE-508 Tractor Design 3 (2+1)
6 FMPE-510 Ergonomics and Safety in Farm Operations 3 (2+1)
7 FMPE-512 Agro-Energy Audit and Management 2 (2+0)
(ii) MINOR
1 PFE-502 Engineering Properties of Biological/Food 3(2+1)
Materials
2 PFE-505 Energy Management in Food Processing 3(2+1)
Industries
3 CE-506 Similitude in Engineering 3(2+1)
(iii) SUPPORTIVE
1 STAS- Statistical Methods for applied Sciences 4 (3+1)
511***
2 CSE-501 Computer Graphics 3(2+1)
(iv) SEMINAR /TRAINING/RESEARCH
1 FMPE-591 Master’s Seminar 1(0+1)
2 FMPE-595# Industry/Institute Training NC
3 FMFE-599 Master’s Research 20
Total : 20+9+7+21
57
(iv)NON-CREDIT
1 PGS-501** Library and Information Services 1(0+1)
2 PGS-502** Technical Writing and Communications Skills 1(0+1)
3 PGS-504** Basic Concepts in Laboratory Techniques 1(0+1)
4 PGS-505** Agricultural Research, Research Ethics and 1(1+0)
 Rural Development Programmes

* Compulsory for M. Tech programme. ** Compulsory non credit course. ***

Compulsory to study at least one course from statistics department. # Compulsory
N.C Min. of 3 weeks training.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Name : Shambhu singh

Father's Name : Mr.Munshi Ram
Date of Birth : 10/12/1991
Permanent Address : Vill. Gumgrakalan,Post-Jamgala, Thana+Tahshil-
Lakhanpur,
Dist-Surguja Chhattisgarh, Pin Code No.497116
Nationality : Indian

Training:
1. One month in Central Farm Machinery Training And Testing Institute Budni
(M P)
2. One month in Northern Region Farm Machinery Training And Testing
Institute, Hisar (Haryana),
3. One month training in RGNGWTRI (Rajeev Gandhi National Groundwater
Training & Research Institute ), Pachpedi Naka, Raipur (C.G.)
4. One month in North Eastern Region Farm Machinery Training And Testing
Institute,
(Assam)
PROJECT - Project in B. Tech. Degree has been carried out on the topic
“municipal solid waste management in mungeli city: a case study”
 ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Major Advisor Co-Major Advisor

Dr. A. K. Dave Er. D. Padhee
Professor and Head Professor Deptt. Of
(FMPE)
Department of Farm Machinery and Power BRSM CAET & RS
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Mungeli
I.G.K.V., Raipur (C.G.) I.G.K.V.,Raipur (CG)

_____________________
_____________________

Members

Dr. V. M. Victor
(Member from department) _____________________

Shri. Sunil Agrawal

(Member from other department) _____________________

Dr. R.R. Saxena

(Member from supporting department) _____________________

Forwarded in triplicate, to the Director of Instructions, I.G.K.V., Raipur for

approval.

Head of Department
(Farm Machinery and
Power) Dean
SV College of Agril. Engg. and
Technology & RS, FAE, Raipur
Approved / not approved and
returned
DIRECTOR OF
INSTRUCTIONS
I.G.K.V., RAIPUR
(C.G.)
SV COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH STATION, FACULTY OF
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING,
INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, RAIPUR
(C.G.)

CERTIFICATE

Shri Shambhu Singh ID No.220116022 has delivered a synopsis seminar on

12/01/2018 in accordance with notification no. FMPE/Synopsis/640 dated
06/01/2018, on his research work of M.Tech. (Agril.Engg.) entitled “DESIGN
AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MONO WHEEL OPERATED SPRAYER
CUM WEEDER” in the presence of all member of advisory committee and
teachers of department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering. All
suggestions have been fully incorporated in the synopsis.

Date:
Major advisor
Dr.
A.K.
Dave
 Prof.
(FMP
E)

HOD
(Dept. of FMPE)
I.G.K.V., Raipur
(C.G.)
Dean
FAE, IGKV, Raipur

INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA RAIPUR,

(C.G.)

Synopsis of Thesis Problem of

Post-Graduate Student, M.Tech. (Agricultural Engineering)
Name of Student : Shambhu singh
College I.D. No. : 220116022
Permanent Address : Vill.Gumgrakalan,Post-Jamgala, Thana+Tahshil-
Lakhanpur,Dist-Surguja Chhattisgarh, Pin Code
No.497116

Semester and year of admission : First Semester, August, 2017-18

Major subject : Farm Machinery and Power
Major Advisor : Dr. A.K. Dave
Professor and Head,
Department of Farm Machinery and Power.

Title of the Research Problem:

“DESIGNAND DEVELOPMENT OF A MONO WHEEL
OPERATED SPRAYER CUM WEEDER”

Introduction
Agriculture plays a vital role in Indian economy. Around 65% of country’s
population dependent on farming for its livelihood. In this agriculture sector, out
of the different field operations, spraying and weeding are two important
operations to be performed by the farmer to protect the cultivated crops from
insects, pests, funguses, weeds and diseases for which various insecticides,
pesticides, fungicides, weedicides and nutrients are sprayed on crops for
protection. The growing concern to control plant diseases, insects and weeds for
qualitative yield of agricultural products is increasing speedily in many
developing countries like India. Crop spraying is employed for various varieties
of purposes in traditional farming system. Traditionally, sprays were done by
dipping broom, brushes or leaves into diluted (water added to chemicals) in a
basin or any open container and sprinkling on the target area. Hand operated
knapsack sprayer is the most prevalent type of knapsack sprayer in India which
requires operators to continually move their hands in order to spray the liquid
contained in the heavy knapsack. This easily causes fatigue on the operators back,
shoulder and the muscles of the hand. To overcome these difficulties, power
sprayer has been developed but farmers have to pay higher cost for purchasing
these types of machine. As far as Indian scenario is concerned, more than 75
percent farmers are belonging to small and marginal land carrying. Table 1 shows
that share of marginal and small farmer is around 81% and land operated is 44 %
in 1960-61. The economic conditions of average Indian farmers are poor and hence
they cannot afford large automatic effortless mechanization for their farms.
In India about 4.2 billion rupees are spent every year for controlling weeds in the
production of major crops. At least 40 million tonnes of major food grains are lost
every year due to weeds alone (Singh and Sahay, 2001). Therefore, timely weeding
is very much essential for a good yield. There are four general methods for weed
control viz. physical, cultural, mechanical and biological. Mechanical weeding is
preferred to chemical weeding because weedicides application is generally
expansive, hazardous and selective. Besides, mechanical weeding keeps the soil
surface loose by producing soil mulch which results in better aeration and moisture
conservation (Duraisamy and Tajuddin, 1999). Some researchers have carried out a
study on development and evaluation of manual weeders in order to control the
weeds with low cost and effective for marginal farmers who are affordable to
maintain bullocks. Yadav and Pund (2007) developed and evaluated manually
operated weeder. They reported that, the weeding efficiency of the developed
weeder was satisfactory and it was easy to operate. The developed weeder could
work up to 30 mm depth with field capacity of 0.048 ha/hr and higher weeding
efficiency was obtained up to 92.5 %. Soil moisture of 11.63 per cent was found to
be optimum for weeding in groundnut crop and the cost of operation of developed
weeder at this soil moisture content was found to be Rupees 244.00 as against
Rupees 2450.00 per hectare in conventional method of weeding by using trench
hoe (Goel et al., 2008).There are many types of hand weeders available in India.
All the available weeders are region specific to meet the requirements of soil type,
crop grown and cropping pattern. Therefore, effort has been made to develop the
manual operated sprocket weeder and to evaluate its performance.
Weeder cycle is the equipment used in the agricultural field. In this equipment
consist of Handle, Sprocket wheel, Rotor, Planet Gear, Chain, etc. The rotor and
wheel are joined by the chain that will be attached to a frame. The wheel is
attached to sprocket wheel and the rotor is attached to planet gear and that sprocket
and planet gear is joined by chain. That assembly is mounted on frame. By push
the weedier cycle that pushing pressure rotated wheels. Then the rotation of wheel
joined sprocket will be rotated. As well as planet gear it will be rotate by the
assembly of attaching the chain. The Planet gear is attached to rotor so rotor will
be rotated by the rotating of rotor. It enters in field land with its sharp edges teeth.
Teeth removed grass and make soft favor which is useful for growth of plant. So
this weeder cycle is most useful to farmers. Rajvir Yadav [1] where weeder are
continuously pushed, V–shape sweep is preferred and tool geometry of these
cutting blades is based on soil-tool-plant interactions. Due to fragmented land
holding the use of mechanized weeders are very limited. Though many manually
operated weeders are available they are not popular because farmers feel it to be
heavy as compared to conventional hoes. Rajashekar M.[2]Mechanical weeding is
preferred to chemical weeding because weedicide application is generally
expensive, hazardous and selective. Besides, mechanical weeding keeps the soil
surface loose by producing soil mulch which results in better aeration and moisture
conservationShridhar h.s. [3]The aim of the project is to design, construct and test
manual weeder, to provide the best opportunity for the crop to establish itself after
planting and to grow vigorously up to the time of harvesting. Rajashekar M [4]
manual weeding requires huge labour force and accounts for about 25 per cent of
the total labour requirement which is usually 900 to 1200 man M hours/hectares. In
India, this operation is mostly performed manually with cutlass or hoe that requires
high labour input, very tedious and it is a time consuming process. so weeder are
necessary. saeed Firouzi [5]Weed population in the groundnut fields is an
important factor which affects product yields. Therefore, in order to improve
production yield, weed control is a necessity. Laukik P.[6] India is set to be an
agricultural based country approximately 75% of population of India is dependent
on farming directly or indirectly. Our farmers are using the same methods and
equipment for the ages. e.g. seed sowing, spraying, weeding etc. There is need for
development of effective spraying and weeding machine for increasing the
productivity.
Insects are largely responsible for the crop destruction. Insecticides or
pesticides, a man made or natural preparation are used to kill insects or otherwise
control their reproduction. These herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers are applied
to agricultural crops with the help of a special device known as a "Sprayer,"
sprayer provides optimum performance with minimum efforts. The invention of a
sprayer, pesticides, fertilizers, bring revolution in the agriculture or horticulture
sector especially by the invention of sprayers, enable farmers to obtain maximum
agricultural output. They are used for garden spraying, weed and pest control,
liquid fertilizing and plant leaf polishing. There are many advantage of using
sprayers such as easy to operate, maintain and handle, it facilitates uniform spread
of the chemicals, capable of throwing chemicals at the desired level, precision
made nozzle tip for adjustable stream and capable of throwing foggy spray, light or
heavy spray, depending on requirement. Agriculture sector is facing problems with
capacity issues, shrinking revenues, and labour shortages and increasing consumer
demands. The prevalence of traditional agriculture equipment intensifies these
issues. In addition, most formers are desperately seeking different ways to improve
the equipment quality while reducing the direct overhead costs (labour) and
capital. Thus, a significant opportunity rests with understanding the impact of a
pesticide sprayer in an agriculture field. A pesticide sprayer has to be portable and
with an increased tank capacity as well as should result in cost reduction, labour
and spraying time. In order to reduce these problems, there are number of sprayer
introduced in the market but these devices do not meet the above problems or
demands of the farmers. The conventional sprayer having the difficulties such as it
needs lot of effort to push the liver up and down in order to create the pressure to
spray. Another difficulty of petrol sprayer is to need to purchase the fuel which
increases the running cost of the sprayer. In order to overcome these difficulties, I
have proposed a wheel driven sprayer, it is a portable device and no need of any
fuel to operate, which is easy to move and sprays the pesticide by moving the
wheel. The mechanism involved in this sprayer is reciprocating pump, and nozzles
which were connected at the front end of the spraying equipment.

Looking to the problem of manual weeding and backload sprayer the current
study is planted to remove the backpack and foot spraying techniques, eliminate
the human efforts, to decrease labour cost by advancing the spraying method and
constant flow of droplets. The following objectives are taken for the study:-
1. To design and develop a mono wheel operated sprayer cum weeder.
2. To test and evaluate the performance of the developed equipment in
laboratory as well as field conditions.
3. To work out the energy and economics of weeding and spraying operation
with the developed machine.
Justification
I. The heavy weight and manual pumping required in the existing knapsack
sprayer generates back pain and exertion in user’s body.
II. Vibration in the engine operated power sprayer can cause fatigue which
results in a number of health disorders.
III. Tractor operated power sprayer are very expensive, and not affordable by
the average Indian farmer and they take up a large amount of space and
cannot be used for all types of crops.

To overcome all these above problems, a machine is developed which will be

beneficial to the average Indian small farmer for both the spraying and weeding
operations. The designed sprayer should not interfere between the crops.
Therefore, the growth of different crops and the available distances for the
movement of the developed machine are taken into account.

The spraying is traditionally done by labour carrying backpack type sprayer which
requires more human effort. The weeding is the generally done with the help of
Bulls which becomes costly for farmers having small farming land. So to
overcome these above two problems a machine is developed which will be
beneficial to the farmer for the spraying and weeding operations.
Review of Literature:

Deshpande et al (2017) studied that the use slider crank mechanism to

convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion to operate the pump, thus the
pesticide is spread through the nozzle. This work gives continuously flow of
pesticide at required pressure and height. A special arrangement is implemented in
this project to adjust the pressure as high or low. We also use a weed cuter in our
model for removing unwanted plants. By using agricultural sprayer, spraying time
and weeding time, human efforts reduces and results in cost reduction.

Dubey et al (2001) reported that the develop power weeder was tested in
the line sown paddy crop (variety Kalingd) and the relevant data were collected
and statistically analyzed using the standard methodology. The actual field
capacity for knife cum peg type blade (Bi) was lowest (0.135 ha/day) followed by
L-shaped cross blade, B2 (0.139 ha/day) and for circular blade (83) it was
maximum (0.158 ha/day). The field efficiency for B I was 96.58 %, for B2 i't was
92.98 % and for B3 it was 96.09 %. Similarly the weeding efficiencies for the
blades BI, 82 and 83 were 82.44, 89.72 and 77.28 % respectively. The cost of
operation was found in the range of Rs. 1663.42 to Rs.2142.00 per hectare. The
performance index was highest (169.47) for the blade B 2 followed by B3 (163.14)
and was lowest (146.56) for blade BI.

Jadhav et al (2016) reported that the suggest a model of manually

operated multi nozzle spryer with weeder according to crop which will gives
optimum results in less time. Pushing mechanism required less effort and three
wheel mechanisms gives proper balancing of machine.
 Raul et al (2014) A studied that the design and construct a pedal operated
reciprocating pump for use in large irrigation project areas and orchard and
drainage line. For this purpose, different types of pumps and reciprocating devices
were constructed and tested at different suction heads in the laboratory to evaluate
their performances. Farmers are using the same methods and equipment for the
ages. In our country farming is done by traditional way, besides that there is large
development of industrial and service sector as compared to that of agriculture.
The spraying is traditionally done by labor carrying backpack type sprayer which
requires more human effort. Pedal operated reciprocating pump operation, less
input power was needed and it can be operated by one adult man for a long time
(more than 2 hours) continuously without being tired. The pedal operated
reciprocating pump can be available by local markets and and simple skills
required to manufactured it. It would be suitable to irrigate large and orchard land,
especially to pump water from a tank (capacity of up to15 lit.) to irrigate small
plots like vegetables and seed beds with less physical effort.

Salkade et al (2014) reported that the design a smart technology that

reduces farming efforts in spraying, and it aims to provide this at a cost affordable
to a small-scale Indian farmer. The presented design considerations are for the
cycle mounted spray pump assembly.

Angadi et al(2017) reported that the design of coap in turn improve the
spraying methods, increase the crop productivity, and reduce the farmer’s effort
with skill implementation in agriculture sector. The sprayer tank kept at rear basket
of bicycle and placed for four nozzles to the pipe diameter of 10mm.The spaying
method is purely mechanical based in which rear wheel of bicycle sprocket
connected with chain to cam. As bicycle start moving forward kinetic energy
converted into rotating energy, then pump press on pressure tank to create a
suction pressure to discharge the flow rate of water through nozzle.

Jadhav et al (2015) studied that the spraying is traditionally done by labour

carrying backpack type sprayer which requires more human effort. The weeding is
the generally done with the help of Bulls becomes for small land farmers. Similarly
the seed sowing application is also done with the help of bulls, which in the present
age is time consuming and laborious. So to overcome these above problems a
machine is developed which will be beneficial to the farmer for the spraying and
weeding operation along with the seed sowing application. A multifunction device
will come in handy that can be put to use in different stages of farming as per
requirement.

Technical Programme of Work:

The present study aims at “design and development of a mono wheel operated
sprayer cum weeder”. Following technical plan of work were undertaken:
1. To design and develop a mono wheel powered weeder cum sprayer.

 Design of frame
 Selection of wheel
 Selection of sprocket
 Selection of pinion
 Selection of gear
 Selection of chain length
 Design of crank
 Selection of knapsack sprayer
 Selection of nozzle
 Selection of nozzle pipe
 Design of wheeder plate

2. To evaluate the performance of the developed equipment in

laboratory as well as field conditions
 Laboratory test :-
 1. Discharge rate.
2. Nozzle performance test.
3. Range of sprayer and droplet size.

 Field test :-

1. Discharge rate.
2. Working capacity.
3. Droplet size.

 Condition of weed:-

1. Period after land performance

2. Edge after seeding and crop height
3. The draught force of weeder can be calculated from equation
D = W× dw × Rs
where
D = Draft force of the weeder (N)
dw = Depth of cut (m)
W = Width of cut (m)
Rs = Soil resistance (N/m2)
4. Power Requirement

Power required to move weeder and weed the grasses is calculated from
equation (Yadav and Pund (2007))
D× S
P= (h p)
75
where
D = Draft force of the weeder, N
S= Travelling speed (m/s)

5. Weeding Index

Weeding index can be calculated using the following equation 11 (Yadav

and Pund, 2007).
W 1−W 2
Weeding index (%) = × 100
W1
where
W1 = number of weeds per area before weeding
W2 = number of weeds per area after weeding

6. Plant Damage
Plant damage percentage is measured using the following equation 12
(Yadav and Pund, 2007).

q
[ ( )]
Q = 1−
p
× 100

where
Q = plant damage
q = number of plant in a 10m row length after weeding
P = number of plant in a 10m row length before weeding
Thus, DP = P – Q the number of plant damaged

7. Performance Index
The weeder performance was accessed through performance index (PI) by
using equation (Yadav and Pund, 2007)

aqe
PI = f

where
a = field capacity of weeder (ha/hr)
q = plant damage (%)
e = weeding index (%)
F = required draught force

8. Field Capacity and Efficiency

Theoretical field capacity
(FCT) = S x W, ha / hr
 where
S = forward speed of weeder, m/ s2
W = width of the implement, m
Effective field capacity
land (h a)
(EFC) =
time(h 1)
FC e
Field efficiency = ×100
FC t
where
EFC = Effective field capacity
TFC = Theoretical capacity

3. To work out the energy and cost economics.

 Calculation of energy consume

 Operational cost comparisons with traditional metho

Collaboration with other Departments:

 BRSM CAET & RS Mungeli, I.G.K.V., Raipur (C.G.)

 Department of Agronomy, I.G.K.V., Raipur (C.G.)
 Department of Soil Science,I.G.K.V., Raipur (C.G.)

 Department of Statistics, I.G.K.V., Raipur (C.G.)

 References:
S.V.Deshpande (2017) Agricultural reciprocating multi sprayer.7th international
conference on recent trends in Engineering, Science & Management.01st
-2nd April 2017 ,www.conferencewold.in. PP457-465,

M.G.Jadhav (2016) Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Weeder with

Pesticides Sprayer International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology Volume: 03 Issue: 12. PP 763- 767,

Dr.R.N.Panchal (2016) Mono wheel Operated Pesticide Spraying Machine.

International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Volume 2 Issue 3.PP
889-892,

M.A.Gaodi (20-16) Development of Multipurpose Sprayer- a review. International

Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. Volume: 03 Issue: 03. PP
540-542,

N.R.Jadhav (2015) Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle with Router Weeder and Seed
Sower. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research
Development Volume 2, Issue 4. PP 193-206,

Sumitd.Rau t(2014) Fabrication Of Pedal Operated Reciprocating Pesticide

Sprayer. for Agricultural and Drainage Line Use. international journal of
 pure and applied research in engineering and technology. Volume 2 PP 67-
74,

Sayali Salkade(2014) Design Considerations of a Cycle Mounted Agricultural

Sprayer. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology. Vol.
3 Issue 11. PP 544-546,

Niraj babulal dubey (2001) Design, Development and Testing of A Manual-Back-

Loaded Power Weeder.M Tech thesis Indira Gandhi Agricultural
University, Raipur