Tugas kelompok V

Al Habib. Z 11940311868
Amar Reskina putra 11940311871
Anggi Anggraini 11940321876
Darliansyah 11940311886
Dimas Romadhon Alfitra 11940313939
Supriadi 11940314175
Syaibatul Hamdi 11940314210

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The Discovery of Borobudur Temple

Two old Javanese chronicles (babad) from the 18th century mention Cases
of bad luck associated with the monument.According to the Babad Tanah Jawi
(or the History of Java), the monument was a fatal factor for Mas Dana, a rebel
who revolted against Pakubuwono I, the king of Mataram in 1709. It was
mentioned that the "Redi Borobudur" hill was besieged and the insurgents were
defeated and sentenced to death by the king. In the Babad Mataram (or the History
of the Mataram Kingdom), the monument was associated with the misfortune of
Prince Monconagoro, the crown prince of the Yogyakarta Sultanate in 1757. In
spite of a taboo against visiting the monument, "he took what is written as the
knight who was captured in a cage (a statue in one of the perforated stupas)".
Upon returning to his palace, he fell ill and died one day later.

Rediscovery
Hartmann, a Dutch administrator of the Kedu region, continued
Cornelius's work, and in 1835, the whole complex was finally unearthed. His
interest in Borobudur was more personal than official. Hartmann did not write
any reports of his activities, in particular, the alleged story that he discovered the
large statue of Buddha in the main stupa. In 1842, Hartmann investigated the main
dome, although what he discovered is unknown and the main stupa remains
empty.

The Dutch East Indies government then commissioned F.C.Wilsen, a Dutch

engineering official, who studied the monument and drew hundreds of relief
sketches. J.F.G. Brumund was also appointed to make a detailed study of the
monument, which was completed in 1859. The government intended to publish
an article based onBrumund's study supplemented by Wilsen's drawings, but
Brumund refused to cooperate. The government then commissioned another
scholar, C. Leemans,whocompileda monograph based onBrumund's andWilsen's
sources.In 1873, the first monograph of the detailed study of Borobudur was
published, followed by its French translation a year later. The first photograph of
the monument was taken in 1872 by a Dutch-Flemish engraver, Isidore van
Kinsbergen.
 Appreciation of the site developed slowly, and it served for some time In
1882, the chief inspector of cultural artifacts recommended that Borobudur be
entirely disassembled with the relocation of reliefs into museums due to the
unstable condition of the monument. As a result, the government appointed
Groenveldt, an archeologist, to undertake a thorough investigation of the site and
to assess the actual condition of the complex; his report found that these fears
were unjustified and recommended it be left intact.

Borobudur was considered as the source of souvenirs, and parts of its

sculptures were looted, some even with colonial-government consent. In 1896
King Chulalongkorn of Siam visited Java and requested and was allowed to take
home eight cartloads of sculptures takenfromBorobudur.Theseinclude thirty
pieces taken from a number of relief panels, five buddha images, two lions, one
gargoyle, several kala motifs from the stairs and gateways, and a guardian statue
(dvarapala).Several of these artifacts, most notably the lions, dvarapala, kala,
makara and giant waterspouts are now on display in the Java Art room in The
National Museum in Bangkok.

The Inventions of Soap, Shampoo, Cleanliness and Cosmetics

A recetly discovered manuscript dating back to the 13th century, containes

therecipie to soap.One of theleading cosmetologists of the time,Al-Zahrawi,
known to the west as Abulcassis, wrote a medical encyclopedia called Al-Tasrif.
It was written in thirty volumes. Inside the 19th volume, there contains a whole
chapter devoted to cosmetics. This was the first original contribution to
cosmetology.

Beutification of the body with purfumes etc was there way before Zahrawi,
but Zahrawi considered cosmetics to be a branch of medication apart from
beutification. Zahrawi’s contribution to the subject include ; under arm
deodorants, hair removing sticks. hair care and also hand lotions. For turning
blond hair toblack, hair dyes are mentioned. Also, the benefts of suntan lotions
are mentioned, also describing their ingredients in detail. His translations into
Latin of his books were used as main university textbooks in many European
universities.

In the beutification part of cosmetics, Zahrawi dealt with perfumes, scented

aromatics and incense. There are many hadith’s (quotations of the prophet) of the
Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), refering to cleanliness, care of hair and
other parts of the body. Al-Zahrawi described these all within the limitations of
Islam. “Adhan”, and oily substance, was used for medication and beautification.
Zahrawi dealt with perfumed stocks, rolled up and pressed into special moulds.
These were probably the earliest and nearest representations of present day
lipsticks and deodorants.

The greeks contributed a lot to cosmetics, but that was in the beutification
part. It is the hygiene aspects that realy matters and affects us. Islam brought
forward the method of cleaning yourself, which is practiced by every muslim,
prior to praying five times a day called wudu. It was also the muslims who
introduced the quarintine of sick patients, so the illness of the patient would not
spread. This was done due to the discovery and whole idea of germs (also
discovered by muslims).So out of all this, it was the muslims who contributed the
most to the health part of cosmetics.