CHAPTER 3

MAGNETOSTATICS
MAGNETOSTATICS

3.1 BIOT-SAVART’S LAW

3.2 AMPERE’S CIRCUITAL LAW

3.3 MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY

3.4 MAGNETIC FORCES

2
Chapter 3: Lecture 2
DERIVATION 5

Use Ampere’s Circuital Law to find the

magnetic field intensity resulting from an
infinite extent sheet of current with current
sheet K  K xa x in the x-y plane.

4
DERIVATION 5 (Cont’d)

Rectangular amperian path of height Δh and width

Figure 3-16 (p. 113)
Δw. According
Calculating to sheet
H resulting from a current right
K = K a hand rule, perform the
in the x–y plane.
x x

circulation in order of a  b  c  d  a
Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth
Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

5
DERIVATION 5 (Cont’d)

We have:
b c d a
 H  dL  Ienc   H  dL   H  dL   H  dL   H  dL
a b c d

From symmetry argument, there’s only Hy

component exists. So, Hz will be zero and thus the
expression reduces to:
b d
 H  dL  I enc   H  dL   H  dL
a c

6
DERIVATION 5 (Cont’d)

So, we have:
b d
 H  dL   H  dL   H  dL
a c
w
 H y  a y   dya y   H ya y  dya y
0

w 0
 2 H y w

7
DERIVATION 5 (Cont’d)

The current enclosed by the path,

w
I  K dy  K w
0
x x

This will give:

Or generally,
 H  dL  Ienc
2H y w  K x w 1
H  K  aN
Kx 2
Hy 
2
8
EXAMPLE 3

An infinite sheet of current with K  6a A exists

z m
on the x-z plane at y = 0. Find H at P (3,2,5).

9
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 3

Use previous expression, that is:

1
H  K  aN
2
aN is a normal vector from the sheet to the test
point P (3,4,5), where:

aN  a y and K  6a z
So, 1
H  6a z  a y  3a x A
2 m

10
EXAMPLE 4

Consider the infinite length

cylindrical conductor
carrying a radially
dependent current J  J 0 a z
Find H everywhere.

11
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 4

What components of H will be present?

Finding the field at

some point P, the
field has both a 
and a components.

(a)
12
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 4 (Cont’d)

The field from the

second line current
results in a
cancellation of the a 
components

(b)

13
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 4 (Cont’d)

To calculate H everywhere, two amperian paths

are required:

Path #1 is for  a
Path #2 is for  a

14
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 4 (Cont’d)

Evaluating the left side of Ampere’s law:

2
 H  dL   H a  da  2 H
0
This is true for both amperian path.
The current enclosed for the path #1:

I   J  dS   J 0 a z  dda z
 2
2J 0  3
 J 0    dd 
2

 0  0 3

15
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 4 (Cont’d)

Solving to get Hφ:

J0 2 J0 2
H  Or H a for   a
3 3
The current enclosed for the path #2:
2
a
2J a 3
I   J  dS  J 0    dd 
2 0

 0  0 3
Solving to get Hφ: J 0a3
H a for   a
3

16
EXAMPLE 5

Find H everywhere
for coaxial cable as
shown.

17
(a)
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 5

Even current
distributions are
assumed in the
inner and outer
conductor.

Consider four
amperian paths.

(a) (b) 18
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 5 (Cont’d)

It will be four amperian paths:

  a
 a  b
 b c
 c
Therefore, the magnetic field intensity, H will
be determined for each amperian paths.

19
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 5 (Cont’d)

As previous example, only Hφ component is

present, and we have the left side of ampere’s
circuital law:
2
 H  dL   H a  da  2 H
0

 For the path #1:

I enc   J  dS

20
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 5 (Cont’d)

We need to find current density, J for inner

conductor because the problem assumes an event
current distribution (ρ<a is a solid volume where
current distributed uniformly).
I
J az
dS
Where,
2 a
dS  dd , S    dd  a 2

 0  0

21
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 5 (Cont’d)

So, I I
J az  2 az
dS a
We therefore have:
2 
I
I enc   J  dS    a  dda z
2 z
  0   0 a

I 2
 2
a

22
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 5 (Cont’d)

Equating both sides to get:

I 2 I  a
H  2  for
a 2 2a 2
 For the path #2:
The current enclosed is just I, I enc  I
Therefore: H  dL  2 H  I
  I
enc

H 
I for a  b
2
23
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 5 (Cont’d)

 For the path #3:

For total current enclosed by path 3, we need to

find the current density, J in the outer
conductor because the problem assumes an
event current distribution (a<ρ<b is a solid
volume where current distributed uniformly)
given by:
I I
J  a z   2 2  a z 
dS 
 c b 
24
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 5 (Cont’d)

We therefore have (for AP#3):

2 
I
 J  dS     c 2  b2  a z   dda z
 
  0  b

 2  b2
 I
c2  b2
But, the total current enclosed is:
I enc  I   J  dS
  2
 b 2
c 2
  2
 I    I 2 I
2 
 c  b  c 2
 b 2

25
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 5 (Cont’d)

So we can solve for path #3:

c2   2
 H  dL  2 H  I enc I 2
c  b2
I  c 2   2  for b    c
H 
2  c 2  b2 
 For the path #4, the total current is zero. So,

H  0 for   c This shows the shielding

ability by coaxial cable!!

26
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 5 (Cont’d)

Summarize the results to have:

 I
 a
2 
a
2a
 I
 a a  b
H 2
 I  c2   2 
  a b c
 c2  b2 
 2  
 0  c
27
AMPERE’S CIRCUITAL LAW (Cont’d)

Expression for curl by applying Ampere’s

Circuital Law might be too lengthy to derive, but
it can be described as:

H  J
The expression is also called the point form of
Ampere’s Circuital Law, since it occurs at
some particular point.

28
AMPERE’S CIRCUITAL LAW (Cont’d)

The Ampere’s Circuital Law can be rewritten in

terms of a current density, as:

 H  dL   J  dS
Use the point form of Ampere’s Circuital Law to
replace J, yielding:

 H  dL     H  dS
This is known as Stoke’s Theorem.

29
3.3 MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY

In electrostatics, it is convenient to think in terms

of electric flux intensity and electric flux density.
So too in magnetostatics, where magnetic flux
density, B is related to magnetic field intensity by:

B  H   0r
Where μ is the permeability with:

0  4 107 H m

30
MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY (Cont’d)

The amount of magnetic flux, φ in webers

from magnetic field passing through a
surface is found in a manner analogous to
finding electric flux:

   B  dS

31