ARCHITECTURAL CORRELATION 1 – MIDTERM

REVIEWER
THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1
1. Context – Site and environment; climate: sun, wind. Temperature and precipitation;
geography and sensory/cultural characteristics of the place.
2. Secondary Colors – Composed of orange, green and violet.
3. Symbol – An object that represents, stands for, or suggests an idea, belief, action, or
material entity.
4. Erich Mendelsohn – Architect of the Einstein Tower and characteristic of Expressionism
style of architecture.
5. Alvar Aalto – Father of modern furniture design.
6. Functional –Architectural Character by means of purpose of the building.
7. Proxemics – Study of the symbolic and communicative role of the spatial separation
individuals maintain in a various social and interpersonal situations, and how the nature
and degree of this spatial arrangement relates to environment and cultural.
8. Belonging – Where friendship, family and intimacy falls in the hierarchy of needs.
9. Concrete – Building material that is strong in compression and volumetric in form.
10. Technology – Structure and enclosure; environmental protection and comfort; health,
safety and welfare; durability.
11. Religion – Territorial variations are social class, civil status and this.
12. Personal – Architectural Character by uniqueness of the building.
13. Isms of Architecture – Consistent set of beliefs and arguments about what is correct,
important and possible at the given time within the given episteme.
14. Louis Sullivan – The authorship of the phrase Form follows function is ascribed to this
American architect. The principle is that the shape of a building or object should be
primarily based upon its intended function or purpose.
15. Gracious – What a curve line is.
16. Associated – Architectural Character by means associated with aspects and certain
influences.
17. Socio-Fugal – Layouts that face-to-one point contact and implies discouragement.
18. Violet – In the color psychology, it means royalty, sophistication and mystery.
19. Overhead plane – Can be either the roof plane that shelters the interior spaces of a
building from the climatic elements, or the ceiling plane that performs the upper
enclosing surface of a room.
20. Architectural Theory – Is the act of thinking, discussing, and writing about architecture.
21. Plane – Primary element that has length and width but no depth.
22. Brutalism – Le Corbusier’s iconic Unite d’Habitation in Marseilles, France, exhibits the
principles and qualities of this style of architecture. His beton brut, or raw concrete,
became the most popular style of material for buildings using this style, and is
characterized by the appearance of seams and imprints left in the concrete after being
processed.
23. Post-Modernism – A direct reaction to modernism that began in the early 1970s, it
integrates more ornamental and decorative elements into buildings. As time has passed,
the buildings have become more sculptural and less rigid.
24. Dimensional – Transformed form by altering one or more of its dimensions and still
retain its identity as a member of a family of forms.
25. Concept – It is the underlying logic, thinking, and reasoning for how you’ll design a
space/room/building/place.
26. Hue – Pure color.
27. Frank Lloyd Wright – Designed the Prairie-style house using distinct design elements
inside and out to mold the environment and the inhabitants to have low horizontal lines
that melded to the terrain surrounding the structure.
28. Walter Gropius – A German Architect and founder of the Bauhaus School of Art in 1919.
He developed a craft-based curriculum that would turn out artisans and designers capable
of creating useful and beautiful objects appropriate to this new system of living.
29. Culture – Integrated pattern of human knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors built up by a
group of human beings and transmitted from one generation to the next.
30. Color – The quality of an object or substance with respect to light reflected by the object,
usually determined visually by measurement of hue, saturation, and brightness of the
reflected light.
31. Additive – Transformed form by the elements to its volume. The nature of the additive
process and the number and relative size of the elements being attached determine
whether the identity of the initial forms is altered or retained.
32. Scale and Proportion – A very important tool which greatly affects the way a human
being perceives a space. Sometimes a building is intentionally designed to the human in
order to emphasize things or an architectural idea.
33. Volume – Primary element that has length, width and depth.
34. Revival – Architecture that makes use of elements of an earlier style that it seeks to
emulate, borrowing many of the features of its prototype, as described under the term
architectural mode.
35. Irregular Form – Refer to those whose parts are dissimilar in nature and related to one
another in an inconsistent manner. They are generally asymmetrical and more dynamic
than regular forms.
36. Miesian – A term descriptive of the style of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886 – 1969), a
German-American architect who was a principal exponent of the International Style. An
outstanding example of his work is the Seagram Building in New York (1958), he
designed with Philip Johnson (1906).
37. Eclecticism – A 19th and 20th century architectural style in which a single piece of work
incorporates a mixture of elements from previous historical styles to create something
that is new and original like the church of the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona designed by
Antonio Gaudi.
38. Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe – Ascribed to the authorship of the phrase “Less is more”.
39. Define the Problem and Research - What designers should do before creating a design
concept.
40. Intercolumnation – The rules for the diameter, height, and spacing of columns.
41. Architecture – Art and science of building both the process and the product of planning,
designing and constructing structures and especially habitable ones.
42. Modulor – Design theory by Le Corbusier that has series of numbers with inherent
harmony.
43. Le Corbusier – Also known as Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, initially trained as a painter
but ultimately became the most famous modernist architect of the 20 th century.
44. Program – User requirements; needs and aspirations; socio-cultural factors; economic
factors; legal restraints and historical traditional precedents.
45. Shade – Pure color added with black.
46. Creativity – Design thinking has come to be defined as combining empathy, rationality,
and this.
47. Building – A stable assembly of structural elements designed and constructed to function
as a whole in supporting and transmitting applied loads safely to the ground without
exceeding the allowable stresses in the members.
48. Primary Colors – Composed of red, yellow and blue.
49. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe – His theory of light and color was not so much with the
analytic treatment of colour, as with the qualities of how phenomena are perceived.
50. Ergonomics – Is the comparative study of human body measurements and properties. It is
also the measurement of the size and proportions of the human body, as well as
parameters such as reach and visual range capabilities.
51. Curtain Wall – The idea of an all-glass skin which is the most persistent wall theme of
the 20th century.
52. Construction – The art and science of processing a building from site preparation through
erection, assembly and finishing operations.
53. Conceptual – Comprehension of ordered and disordered relationships among a building’s
elements and systems and responding to the meanings they evoke.
54. Regular Form – Refer to those whose parts are related to one another in a consistent and
orderly manner. They are generally stable in nature and symmetrical about one or more
axes.
55. Analogous Colors – Scheme colors that are next to each other on the color wheel.
56. Society – It provides the cultural basis for design and interpretation.
57. Texture – It stimulates sense of touch either directly or by association.
58. Architectural Style – A classification charactering buildings that share many common
attributes, including similarity in general appearance, in the arrangement of major design
elements in ornamentation, in the use of materials, and in form, scale, and structure. Such
term are often related to a particular period of time, geographical region, country of
origin, or religious tradition, or to the architecture of an earlier period.
59. Classical Orders – Design theory that has perfect expression of beauty and harmony
according to the Greek and Romans.
60. Architectural Order – Created when the organization of parts makes visible their
relationships are perceived as mutually reinforcing and contributing to the singular nature
of the whole.
61. Line – Primary element that extended in a direction and has movement and growth.
62. Le Corbusier – Ascribed to the authorship of the phrase “House is a machine to live in”.
He believed architecture would be as efficient as a factory assembly line.
63. Unity – Creates a feeling of wholeness. Achieved when the parts complement each other
in a way where they have something in common. The sense that all of the parts are
working together to achieve a common result; a harmony of all the parts.
64. Cool Colors – Consists of green, blue and violet.
65. Steel – Building material that is strong in tension and linear or planar in form.
66. “Firmitas, Utilitas, Venustas” – Principles that a good building should satisfy.
67. Grey – In the color psychology, it means neutral, timeless and practical.
68. Proportion – Refers to the relative size and refers to the proper or harmonious relation of
one part to another or to the whole.
69. Neo-Classical – Buildings that are inspired by the classical architecture of ancient Greece
and Rome in modern age.
70. Socio-Petal – The layouts where it is easy to maintain; face-to-face contact and implies
encouragement.
71. Fluidity – Can be an impression of flow, movement that is smooth and graceful.
72. Luminance – Measure of the amount of light reflected from a hue.
73. Brown – In the color psychology, it means stability, natural and organic.
74. Frank Lloyd Wright – Designed the Edgar J. Kaufmann House, Fallingwater, Mill Run
Pennsylvania, 1934-37.
75. Art Deco – A style of decorative art and architecture characterized by intricate linear
designs and flowing curves including chevrons and ziggurats, stylized floral and sunrise
patterns.
76. 3.15 x 6.30 – Kyo-ma’s measuring space.
77. Alvar Aalto – A Finish Architect and furniture designer who designed the Villa Mairea,
one of the most admired buildings of modern architecture with his perception of organic
links between people, nature and buildings.
78. Base Plane – Can be either the ground that serves as the physical foundation and visual
base for building forms, or the floor that forms the lower enclosing surface of a room
upon which we walk.
79. Wood – Building material that is flexible/elastic and linear or planar or volumetric in
form.
80. Anthropometrics – Measurement of the body at rest including overall, measurements of
links or circumferences like wrist to elbow, knee to hip and measurement of specific
landmarks in reference to some other point, like the floor, e.g. eye height.
81. Organic Architecture – It is an approach to solving design problems which follows the
design process of nature – by adapting to each site, climate, and set of materials. Though
many architects believe in this theory Frank Lloyd Wright coined the word and used it
extensively in his designs.
82. History – Systematic or chronological narrative of significant events as relating to a
particular people, country, or period, often including an explanation of their causes.
83. International Style – This style was prevalent from the 1920s to the 1930s. It focused on
balance and symmetry in the architecture, instead of decorative elements.
84. Balance – It is the concept of visual equilibrium, and relates to our physical sense. It is a
reconciliation of opposing forces in a composition that results in visual stability.
85. Soft Architecture – Building environment can be personalized without damage to them or
without difficult surgery.
86. Centralized – A number of secondary forms clustered about a dominant, central parent-
form.
87. Walter Gropius – Designed the Bauhaus Building, Dessau.
88. Additive – Created with light then add color red, green and blue.
89. Orange – In the color psychology, it means energetic, excitement and enthusiasm.
90. Art Nouveau – It was particularly popular at the turn of the 20 th century. This style is
about encompassing artistic and floral motif in the structure and highly stylized designs.
Many historical buildings belong to this type of architecture.
91. Marcus Vitruvius Polio – Author of De Architecture or Ten Books on Architecture.
92. Chrome – Greek word “chromatikos” relates to a phenomena or sensation of this.
93. Design Theory – It is the evolution of the objective principles and subjective values that
guide individual (architect/designer) and collective decisions about, and assessments of
one’s own and others, architectural works.
94. Design Philosophies – The fundamental guiding principles that dictate how a designer
approaches his/her practice like reflections on material culture and environmental
concerns (sustainable design).
95. Complimentary Colors – Colors that are opposite with each other on the color wheel.
96. Point – Primary element that indicates a position in space and have a static nature.
97. Expression – Manner in which meaning, spirit, or character is symbolized or
communicated in this execution.
98. Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe – Designed the Farnsworth House.
99. Brutalism – This style is derived from the French term, beton brut, which translates to
rough concrete. It is essentially a style based on the shape and molded forms of concrete,
a thick, masonry variation of modernist architecture.
THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2
1. Kenzo Tange – The Architect who said that “Modern Architecture need not be Western”.
2. Shade – The mixture of a color with black, which reduces lightness.
3. Antonio Sedeno – Fort Santiago is also known as “Shrine of Freedom” designed by Engr.
Diego Jordan & this architect.
4. Le Corbusier – Architect of Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp.
5. Coordinates individual activities and separates them (individuals) in groups – Explains
the mechanism by which the concept of territoriality operates, particularly in animals.
6. Feng Shui – Referred to as a Chinese geomancy originally called “under the canopy of
heaven”.
7. Vitruvius – Wrote the Treatise de Architectura.
8. Design Concept – A concept for the form, structure and features of building or other
construction, represented graphically by diagrams plans or other drawings.
9. Social Distance – Type of distance that which is psychological and is indicated by a
hidden band that contains two or more individuals in a group.
10. Eliel Saarinen – Said that beauty grows from necessity, not from repetition of formulas.
11. Adolph Loos – According to this Architect, his philosophy is “Ornament equals crime.”
12. 100% Precise – Architecture is an art, science and a business that is to be this.
13. Kaufman House – The building which is known as “The Falling Water” designed by FL
Wright.
14. Axis – The most basic and most common organizing principle. Also a key of a design
composition.
15. Olfactory – In perception of space, it is the sense that affects placement of rooms which
could limit unpleasant odors.
16. Anthropometry – The measurement and study of the size and proportion of the human
body.
17. Jugendsstil – A movement founded by a group of Dutch painters & architects who
abolish all styles & liberated art from representation & individual.
18. Robert Venturi – Whose famous axiom is “Less is a bore”.
19. Post Modernism – Architecture that combine new ideas with traditional forms.
20. Coldness, Tranquility – Psychological significance of color blue.
21. Jugendsstil – Art Nouveau is known as International Style, In Germany it is known as
this.
22. Architecture of Honesty – An Architectural character showing integrity and truthfulness.
23. Concept – An abstract idea; a general notion.
24. Materials used below maximum load bearing – Describes adequate structure with regards
to relationships of structure to architecture.
25. Complexity – The state or quality of being a whole composed of complicated, intricate or
interconnected parts.
26. Tint – The mixture of a color with white, which increases lightness.
27. Cesar Pelli – Architect of the Petronas Towers in Malaysia which is the world’s tallest
building in 2001.
28. Art Nouveau – Architectural term which is known to be free from any historical style.
29. Eero Saarinen – Architect of the TWA or the John F Kennedy Airport.
30. Micheal Graves – Whose famous dictum or axiom is “Design as if you were a child”.
31. Minoru Yamasaki – The Architect who designed the World Trade Center, New York.
32. Antonio Gaudi – The Architect who is known to be the “Father of Fantastic
Architecture”.
33. Function, Strength and Beauty – Architectonic means having an organized and unified
structure that suggests an architectural design must-have.
34. Need specific – Type of architectural elements that provide protection for users from
inclement of seasons or enemies.
35. Triad – Color harmony that is equidistant to each other on the color wheel.
36. Relaxation, Sheer – Psychological significance of color green.
37. Tone – A general term to describe the lightness or darkness (tint or shade) of a basic
color.
38. Visual – Sensual type which enables one to identify materials at a distance.
39. Pop – Type of art that outlines the crude realities of life, like filthy dustbins, mud, dirty
works and vulgar situations.
40. Walter Gropius – Founded the School of design established in Germany called
“Bauhaus”.
41. Micheal Graves – Whose famous dictum is this: Unity disguised as chaos – complexity
and contradiction are often what make works of art both exciting and profound.
42. Villa Savoye – A house is a machine to live in denotes the work of Le Corbusier’s.
43. Balance – One of the principles of composition which is also known as “Formal
Architecture.”
44. Practical Usefulness of Space – Referred to as the origin of Architecture.
45. Architecture Character – Concept in Architecture which is the result of intellectual,
social, religious & political conditions developed at a given place by a given people.
46. Canonic Design – Form that is generated using two or more geometric systems.
47. Frank Lloyd Wright – Who said “You do not build a house on a hill or else you remove
the mountain”.
48. Ifugao House –A Filipino ancient dwelling that depicts the human anatomy.
49. Mies Van der Rohe – Whose famous dictum or axiom is “Less is more”.
50. Unity – The culmination of all the elements of design which suggests harmony.
51. Eclecticism – Different historical styles combined.
52. Maranao House – A royal house used for political & social ceremonies of the Datu.
53. Frank Lloyd Wright – Termed the “International Style” as “Flat-chested”, because of lack
of depth in their facades.”
54. Stimulation – Indicates the brightness or dullness of a color.
55. Texture – It refers to the quality of surface treatment, associated with materials.
56. Radial Symmetry – Symmetry resulting from the arrangement of similar radiating parts
about a center point or central axis.
57. Stimulation – Psychological significance of the color red.
Building Technology 1
1. Zinc – Galvanization coats steel sheets with this metal.
2. W Section – ASTM A6 section with this shape “H”.
3. Half a W Section – A T-section is composed of this.
4. Body – Solid, finely ground material which gives a paint the power to hide and color a
surface.
5. HDPE – Plastic used mainly for packaging, provides excellent moisture barrier and
chemical resistance.
6. Wheatherstrip – A component attached to door or window panels to prevent leaks.
7. Hydration – A chemical process responsible for hardening of concrete.
8. Solvents – Deteriorates or dissolves adhesive.
9. Drying Adhesives – These adhesives are a mixture of ingredients (typically polymers)
dissolved in solvent.
10. Hardwood – Deciduous trees produce this type of wood.
11. 200 x 400 – Nominal height and length of CHBs in mm.
12. Varnish – Transparent, hard, protective finish or film primarily used in wood finishing.
13. Rust – Another name for oxidized iron.
14. Pigments – Materials which gives the paint its color. In the case of white paint, the body
is the pigment. A powdered solid used in paint or enamel to give it a color.
15. Plywood – Acoustic boards are not made from these.
16. PVC – This is not a material for the manufacture of masonry units.
17. Deformations – Rebar lugs are also called these.
18. Lead – Used for waterproofing, sound and vibration isolation and radiation shielding.
19. Float Glass – Common glazing for single pane windows in the Philippines.
20. Cohesiveness – The ability of particles of a material to cling tightly to one another.
21. Damproofing – A treatment of concrete or mortar to retard the passage or absorption of
water, or water vapor, either by applying a suitable coating to exposed surfaces or by
using a suitable admixture.
22. American National Standards Institute – ANSI is the acronym for this.
23. Forms – Wood or metal construction which holds the concrete in place until it is
hardened.
24. Deciduous – Other name of hardwood.
25. E.O. 23 of 2011 – Law banning logging in the Philippines.
26. Turpentine – Act as a solvent both for the materials of the paint and for the resin in the
wood.
27. American Society for Testing & Materials – ASTM is the acronym for this.
28. Preservatives – Applied to dry wood to keep out the dampness and prevent the
development of fungi.
29. Aggregates – Made up of about 75% of the total mass of concrete.
30. Rebar Placement – Process in concrete construction where rebars are installed.
31. Falsework – Temporary structure that supports the concrete formwork.
32. Rocks – They are aggregates of minerals, which in turn are compounds of chemical
elements.
33. Class A (1:2:4) – Concrete class mixture recommended for suspended slabs, beams,
columns, arches, stairs, and walls of 100mm(4) thickness.
34. Wythe – A vertical layer of masonry units.
35. Portland Cement – It is the most common type of cement in general use around the
world.
36. AAMA – PVC windows are regulated by this.
37. Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bars – PNS 49 regulates this construction material.
38. PNS 16 – Philippine standard specifications for CHBs.
39. Downspout – Component that conducts rain water from the gutter to the leader.
40. PVC – A largely amorphous, rigid, tough, solvent-resistant, flame-resistant thermoplastic.
Used for resilient floor tile, films, pipes, and for paint lacquers, adhesives and safety
glass.
41. Kilogram – SI unit of mass.
42. Dry Stack – Masonry construction without using mortar.
43. Laminated Wood – Wood that is built up with small pieces.
44. Glaze – Colored shiny surface on ceramic tiles.
45. Ampere – SI unit of electric current.
46. Retarders – Its function is to delay or extend the setting time of the cement paste in
concrete.
47. Air Gap – Moisture migration through clay brick walls is prevented by this.
48. Polyvinyl Chloride – Plastic used for plastic moldings.
49. Gypsum – Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate.
50. Lockset – Door hardware that controls entry through the door.
51. Slump or Subsidence Test – A procedure to measure consistency of freshly mixed
concrete, mortar or stucco using a mold in the form of a truncated cone.
52. 7 Days – Curing period for concrete using ASTM C150 type I cement.
53. Thinners – Volatile solvents which have a natural affinity for the vehicle in the paint.
54. Sand – It is a granular material made up of fine rock particles.
55. Granite – An igneous rock having crystals or grains of visible size and contains mainly
quartz and feldspar.
56. Concrete Hollow Blocks – Local name for CMUs.
57. 1 – Number of surface that a shed type roof has.
58. Steel – Fire escape doors are of this material.
59. Latex Paint – It is the preferred paint for the interior masonry walls and fiber cement
boards.
60. Drips – It is a groove near the outer edge of the projecting underside so that water will
drop from this point.
61. Contact Cement – Rugby is a brand of this.
62. Stile – Vertical Frame of a wood panel door.
63. Enamel Paint – A paint that dries to an especially hard, usually glossy, finish. Type of
paint system used for interior wooden walls.
64. Bamboo – A group of perennial evergreens in the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily
Bambusoideae.
65. Asphalt Cements – They are thermoplastic materials made from asphalt emulsions or
asphalt cutbacks.
66. Copper – Metal that is not used as a structural component.
67. Revolving Door – Rotating door used to control air infiltration.
68. Polyurethane – Plastic not used for water supply pipes.
69. Primer – Preparatory paint coat.
70. Wallpaper – Fabric or synthetic wall covering attached using PVA glue.
71. Sand Paper – Gritty paper used to prepare surfaces for finishing.
72. 1220 x 2440 – Width and length of plywood that is sold in the Philippines, in mm.
73. Lintel Beams – Concrete beams placed on top of masonry wall opening.
74. Nail – A straight, small, rigid, slender shaft of metal, one end of which is usually pointed;
the other end has a head that may be driven with a hammer. Used to join separate pieces
of wood.
75. 28 Days – Number of days at which concrete attains its desired strength.
76. Hot Adhesives – It is also known as hot melt adhesives and are simply thermoplastics.
77. Glass – An organic solid material that is usually transparent or translucent.
78. Polycarbonate – Plastic not used as an insulation material.
79. NAAMM – Regulating body for non-structural metal components.
80. Cement – A powdery substance made by calcining limestone and clay, used in making
mortar and concrete that reacts chemically when water is added.
81. Selenites/Selenates – Gives a pale pink or pinkish yellow color to glass.
82. Carbon – Steel is mainly composed of iron and this.
83. Plaster – Cementitious material applied to exposed surfaces of CHBs.
84. 10 mm –Smallest nominal diameter of rebars according to PNS 49.
85. Structural Steel Shapes – ASTM A6 regulates this construction.
86. Fillers – Special type of pigment that serve to thicken and simply increase the volume of
the paint.
87. Softwood – Gymnosperms produce this type of wood.
88. Welding – Joining similar metals by heating the components to fuse them.
89. Concrete – An artificial stone used in masonry construction.
90. Steel Alloy – It is produced when other elements are combined with carbon steel to
modify steel properties.
91. SDI – Steel doors are regulated by this.
92. Mortar – Cementitious material used to attach tiles.
93. Lime – Masonry mortar is composed of Portland cement, sand and this.
94. Lacquers – Product made from synthetic materials to take the place of varnish for clear
finishes.
95. Retempering – Bad practice of adding water to a concrete that had already set.
96. Admixtures – They are materials that are added to concrete during or immediately before
its mixing.
97. Driers – Added to the paint to accelerate the oxidation and hardening of the vehicle.
98. Base Board – Wood molding installed on floor and wall joints.
99. Thermoplastic – Type of plastic that melts when heated.
100. Casement – Window type with hinges at the side of window panes.
101. Tempered Glass – Glazing for storefronts taller than 2,400mm and 1,200mm
wide.
102. Fracture – Can also occur in the adherent if the adhesive is tougher than the
adherent.
103. Intumescent – Passive fire protection compound.
104. Putty – Highly plastic material used to fill surface imperfections.
105. Thermosets – Once these plastics are formed, reheating will cause the material to
decompose rather than melt.
106. Check – A small crack running parallel to the grain in wood and across the rings,
usually caused by shrinkage during drying in veneers and may improve appearance.
107. 0.4 – Min. thickness of roofing sheet according to PNS 201-1990, in mm.
108. Shotcrete – Pumped concrete deposited as a high velocity spray.
109. Precast Concrete – Concrete products not formed in-situ.
110. Waterproofing – Component that prevents pressurized water from entering.
111. Meter – SI unit of length.
112. Smelting – Process of obtaining metals from ores.
113. 2 – Number of surfaces of a gable type roof.
114. Superplasticizer – Admixture used in high-rise high strength concrete
construction.
115. Consolidation – Process in concrete construction where entrapped air is removed.
116. Paint – A mixture consisting of vehicles or binders, with or without coloring
pigments. A combination of pigments with suitable thinners or oils to provide decorative
and protective coatings. Can be oil based or latex water based.
117. LDPE – Plastic used in film applications due to its toughness, flexibility and
transparency.
118. Oil Well Cement – This is a special Portland cement used for sealing oil wells.
119. Hopper – Window type with hinges at the bottom of window panes.
120. Adhesive – A compound in a liquid or semi-liquid state that adheres or bonds
items together.
121. Welding – The wrong process for joining dissimilar copper alloy elements.
122. Others – The seventh type of recyclable plastic according to ASTM D7611.
123. Mortar – Used to bond stones and concrete hollow blocks.
124. Side Light – Fire escapes don’t have this.
125. 50 – Maximum gap for a double Wythe wall in mm.
126. Box Cutter – This tool is used to cut vinyl tiles.
127. EPDM – Elastomeric membrane for flat roof that acts as waterproofing.
128. Compression/Compressive Test – A test given to concrete for strength. A
common quality-control test of concrete to determine the maximum compressive stress
which a hardened concrete is capable of sustaining a based on 7 and 28 day curing
periods.
129. Cornice – Wood molding applied on ceiling and wall joints.
130. Portland Cement – PNS 07 regulates this construction material.
131. Hung – Window type with no hinges.
132. Ordinary – This is not a tile class according to PNS 154-2005.
133. Efflorescence – Crystalline deposits of salts forming on masonry surface.
134. Ridge Roll – Metal sheet installed along the apex of a roof.
135. P.E.T – Clear plastic has good gas and moisture barrier properties making it ideal
for carbonated beverage.
136. Gravel – Aggregates are composed of sand and this material.
137. Insulation – Component used to absorb heat.
138. Lacquer – Paint with an acrylic binder and a petroleum distillate thinner.
139. Pozzolan Cement – PNS 63 regulates this construction material.
140. Electrolyte – Galvanic corrosion occurs in the presence of this.
141. S2S – Processed lumber, sawn and planed on 2 sides.
142. White Portland Cement – It is the same material as normal Portland cement
except in color.
143. Enamel – Paint with an alkyd binder and turpentine as thinner.
144. Bitumen – Coating of multi-ply flat roof systems.
145. 360 – This is not a standard grade of rebar according to PNS 49.
146. Screed – Tool used to level concrete topping.
147. Wax – Primary maintenance treatment for wooden floors.
148. Epoxy Coating – This is not an electrolytic process of coating.
149. Setting – Concrete cannot be poured once this takes place.
150. Rail – Horizontal frame of a wood panel door.
151. Kelvin – SI unit of temperature.
152. Masonry – It is a built-up construction or combination of building materials as
clay, concrete, or stone set in mortar; or plain concrete.
153. Terrazzo – Concrete containing colored aggregates used in decorative floors and
walls.
154. 10 mm - Typical Rebar diameter for reinforced CHB construction.
155. I-Beams – Light gauge steel framing does not include this.
156. Door Stopper – Door hardware that prevents the door from hitting the wall.
157. Mud Brick – Un-vitrified clay masonry unit.
158. 4 – Number of surfaces of a hip type roof.
159. Dome – Not a type of roofing according to NRCA.
160. Gutter – Component installed on lower edge of the roof to collect rain water.
161. Adhesiveness – The ability of a material to fix itself and cling to an entirely
different material.
162. Tek Screw – Recommended connector for steel roofing sheet and purlins.
163. Natural Adhesives – Adhesives made from inorganic mineral sources, or
biological sources.
164. Second – SI unit of time.
165. Silicone – Sealant commonly used in roofing installations.
166. Gasket – Rubber like seal attached to mullions to prevent leaks.
167. 1/2 – Dimensional change when lumber is dressed, in inches.
168. Copper – In construction it is used as electrical wiring, roofing flashing and
piping.
169. Binder – Commonly referred to as the vehicle, it is the actual film forming
component paint.
170. Arbitrary Proportions – It specifies a ratio of cement, sand and coarse aggregates
without reference to their characteristics.
171. Wire Glass – It is a patterned glass made with wire mesh or parallel wires rolled
into the center of the glass.
172. A – ASTM C270 does not include this masonry mortar type.
173. Pressure Sensitive Adhesives – It forms a bond by the application of light
pressure to marry the adhesive with the adherent.
174. Concrete – A composite stone like material formed by mixing with cement paste
then allowing the mixture to dry and harden.
175. Hinges – Door hardware that attaches the door to its jamb.
176. T-Runner – Light gauge steel component that frames each acoustic panel.
177. Concrete Pouring – Process in concrete construction where concrete is deposited.
178. Curing – Last step in the manufacturing of concrete, also called hardening.
179. Chair Rail – Wood molding applied on walls about 800mm high.
180. Fire Brick – Clay brick used for fireplace or kiln.
181. Hanger Rod – Component that hangs the ceiling assembly under the slab.
182. Arches - They may be circular, elliptical, pointed, segmented, or flat.
183. Inks – Similar to paints, except they are typically made using finely ground
pigments or dyes.
184. Burning – Manufacturing process where clay bricks are fired in kilns.
185. Angle – ASTM A6 section with this shape “L”.
186. Treating – Process of applying wood preservative.
187. 2.1 – Minimum compressive strength of a PNS 16 CHB, in Mpa.
188. Pre-Stressed Concrete – Concreted products with post-tensioned tendons.
189. Grout – Cementitious material installed between tiles.
190. Emulsion Adhesives – Milky-white dispersions often based on polyvinyl acetate.