CNS-EE 1: ELECTRICITY/MAGNETISM/ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS/

SEMICONDUCTORS
1. Two point charge 10 cm apart produces a force of 1 x 10^-3 g. If the charges
are of equal magnitude, what is the charge in statcoulomb?
9.899 statcoulomb

2. Usually, the charge magnitude of a test-charge is equal to

q (the charge of electron)

3. Who was the first to introduce the concept of filed lines?

Michael Faraday

4. When a charge distribution is symmetric, often we use _____ to simplify

electric field calculations.
Gauss’ Law

5. Determine the magnitude of the electric field inside a sphere that encloses
a net charge of 2 µC.
0 (zero)

6. What is the total electric flux through the surface of a closed sphere
enclosing a net charge of 2 µC?
2.26 x 105 NC-1m2

7. The potential gradient at a particular point is numerically equal to _____

at the point.
Electric intensity

8. To get a higher value of capacitance in a capacitor the dielectric must be

constructed as
thin as possible

9. What is the reciprocal of capacitance?

Elastance

10. What is the unit of elastance?

Daraf

11. Law which shows that the force of attraction or repulsion between two
magnetic poles is inversely proportional to the square of the distance
between them.
Coulomb’s second law

12. When a magnetic substance is placed near a magnet it will become a magnet
also, this phenomenon is known as
magnetic induction
13. The capacity of a substance to become magnetized, and expressed as the ratio
between the magnetization produced in a substance to the magnetizing force
producing it.
Magnetic susceptibility

14. The voltage induced in a conductor is directly proportional to the rate of

change of flux being cut.
Faraday’s second law of electromagnetic induction

15. The voltage or emf induced when the magnetic field is moving or changing and
a conductor is stationary.
Statically induced emf

16. Reluctance is analogous to resistance in electrical circuits and has a unit

of At/Wb, its reciprocal is
Permeance

17. What magnetic materials that can be easily magnetized in both directions?
Soft magnetic materials

18. At what temperature does a magnetic material loses its ferromagnetic

properties?
Curie temperature

19. According to _____, the algebraic sum of the rises and drops of the mmf
around a closed loop of a manetic circuit is equal to zero.
Ampere’s circuital law

20. Gaussmeter measures flux density using what principle?

Hall effect

21. An electromagnetic switch consisting of a multiturn coil wound on a iron

core and an armature.
Electromechanical relay

22. What do you call of an electromagnet with its core in the form of a close
magnetic ring?
Toroid

23. An electrical device has a resistance of 10Ω and is supplied with a 5 ampere
constance current source. If the device is rated 100 Vdc, determine its
power consumed.
250 W

24. The power dissipated by a 10 Ω load resistor with a current rating of 5

amperes is _____ if supplied with a 20 volt dc potential.
40 W

25. How do you connect cells to form a battery useful for high-power
applications?
 In series-parallel

26. In a mesh, the algebraic sum of all voltages and voltage drops is equal to
zero.
Kirchhoff’s second law

27. The sum of all currents entering a junction is equal to the sum of currents
leaving away from the junctions.
Kirchhoff’s first law

28. If a copper wire has an inferred absolute zero of -234.5 /Co, determine its
temperature coefficient of resistance at 25 /oC?
0.00385 /oC

29. A certain Thevenin equivalent circuit has parameters RTH = 10 Ω and VTH =
20V. If this is converted to Norton’s equivalent circuit, RN and IN would be
10 Ω and 2A

30. RN and IN of a Norton’s equivalent circuit are known to be 100 Ω and 10A,
respectively. If a 400 Ω load is connected, it will have a load current of
2 A

31. A chosen closed path of current flow in a network. In making this current
path there should be no node nor elements that are passed more than once.
Mesh

32. A set of circuit elements that forms a closed path in a network over which
signal can circulate.
Loop

33. In a network. What do we call a reference point chosen such that more
branches in a circuit met.
Node

34. A common connection between circuit elements or conductors from different

branches.
Junction

35. A secondary cell whose active positive plate consists of nickel hydroxide,
and active negative plate material is powered iron oxide mixed with cadmium.
Its typical out-put when fully charged is VO = 1.2V.
Edison cell

36. The maximum current a cell can deliver through a 0.01 ohm load during
testing.
Flash current

37. In batteries, the material used to insulate the positive plates from
negative plates are technically called
 Separator

38. Three resistors, R1 = 60 Ω, R2 = 80 Ω and R3 = 100 Ω are connected in

delta. If the network is to be transformed into star what would be the value
of the resistor opposite R2?
25.0 Ω

39. When can an ac-voltage, reach its first peak?

240 ms

40. The time taken by an alternating voltage, to reach 20V for

the first time
15.3 ms

41. What is the frequency of an alternating current, if it reaches 45 degrees

within 120ms?
60 Hz

42. What is the average voltage of an alternating voltage, ?

70.71 V

43. What will be the current equation in a series RC network if supplied with
source. The circuit has a power factor pf = 0.5?

44. The power factor (pf) of a series LC circuit is

0

45. What will happen when the power factor of a circuit is increased?
Active power increases

46. The apparent power of a series RC network is given to be 4000 W. If R = 6 Ω,

and XC = 8 Ω, calculate the true power of the network.
2400 W

47. What is the significance of connecting loads in parallel?

It allows independent operations of loads

48. If a circuit has an admittance of Y = 0.2 + j0.6, the circuit is

Capacitive

49. The circuit admittance is Y = 0.2 – j0.6, the circuit is

Inductive

50. What will happen to a parallel ac-circuit if its line frequency is more than
the resonant frequency?
Becomes capacitive
51. If the line frequency of a parallel ac-circuit is less than the resonant
frequency, the circuit behaves as
Reactive

52. Absolutely, when can we say that the circuit is at resonance?

When the voltage and current are in-phase

53. Inventor of kaleidoscope, a Scottish physicist who says that for any
dielectric reflector, the relationship in which the refractive index is
equal to the tangent of the polarizing angle.
Brewster, Sir David

54. He invented the light-controlled valve which allowed lighthouses to operate

automatically and won him the 1912 Nobel prize in Physics, Who was this
Swedish industrial engineer?
Dalen, Nils

55. British chemist who invented the electrical primary cell.

Daniell, John Frederic

56. An English obstetrician who introduced ultrasound scanning. He pioneered its

use as a means of scanning the growing fetus without exposure to x-rays.
Donald, Ian

57. He investigated heat and light, discovered eddy currents induced in a copper
disc moving in a magnetic field, invented a polarizer, and made improvement
in the electric arc. Who was this French physicist who invented gyroscope?
Foucault, Jean Bernard Leon

58. The people responsible for the development of the practical transformers.
Lucien Gaulard & John Gibbs

59. A German scientist who helped prove the law of conservation of energy,
invented the opthalmoscope, constructed a generalized form of
electrodynamics, and foresaw the atomic structure of electricity.
Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von

60. Who was this US physicist who invented the cyclotron which pioneered the
production of artificial radioisotopes?
Lawrence, Ernest

61. A German physicist who investigated the photoelectric effect (light causes
metals to emit electrons) and cathode rays (the stream of electrodes emitted
from the cathode in a vacuum tube).
Lenard, Phillip

62. British physicist who studied the emission of electricity from hot bodies,
giving the name “thermionics” of the subject.
Richardson, Owen
63. An English physicist and chemist who pioneered research into the radioactive
decay of atoms and coined the term isotope.
Soddy, Frederick

64. A Japanese physicist who discovered the subatomic particles called the meson
in 1935.
Yukawa, Hideki

65. Elements that has four valence electrons are classified as

elemental semiconductor

66. The atomic number of an element represents the number of

protons or electrons

67. The type of crystal lattice in silicon and germanium.

Face centered cubic (fcc)

68. What is the total charge at the nucleus of silicon atom?

14e C

69. Which of the following element configuration that resembles an alkali metal?
Filled-shell-plus-one-electron

70. Energy required by a valence electron before it can move or transfer towards
the conduction band.
Energy gap

71. The energy gap between the valence band and conduction band of a
semiconductor is in the order of
one electron volt (1 ev)

72. Typical range of the resistivity of a semiconductor.

10 – 104 Ω-cm

73. Chemical bond that is significant in metals.

Metallic bonding

74. What do you call a semiconductor that is doped with both donor and acceptor
impurities?
Compensated semiconductor

75. The resistance of a semiconductor is known as

bulk resistance

76. Silicon is widely used over germanium due to its several advantages, what do
you think is its most significant advantage?
Low leakage current

77. Current flow in a semiconductor that is due to the applied electric field.
Drift current
78. The movement of charge carriers in a semiconductor even without the
application of electric potential.
Diffusion current

79. Typically, how much energy is required for a valence electron to move to the
conduction band for a doped semiconductor?
0.05 eV

80. In energy band diagram of a doped semiconductor, the donor level

is near the conduction band

81. The acceptor level in a doped semiconductor

is near the valence band level

82. What is used in the study of the behavior of free electrons in a conducting
material?
Fermi-Dirac

83. In statistical mechanics, what distribution function is best used in

analyzing photons?
Bose-Einstein

84. In quantum statistics, the most suitable functions to be used in the

molecular analysis of gas is
Maxwell-Boltzmann

85. What do you call the boundary between the energy filled level and empty
level in a semiconductor material?
Fermi level

86. Which energy level that has free electrons?

Below the Fermi level

87. The potential required to remove a valence electron.

Ionization potential

88. A semiconductor that is classified as a metalloid or semimetal.

Germanium (Ge)

89. Which statement is not true?

Silicon has an oxidation state of negative four (-4)

90. Compound semiconductors are also known as

inter-metallic semiconductors

91. What semiconductor that is mostly used in devices requiring the emission
absorption of lights?
Compound semiconductor
92. For high-speed integrated circuit, which semiconductor material given is
best to be used?
Gallium arsenide

93. How much impurity concentration is needed for a sample of silicon to change
its electrical property from a poor conductor to a good conductor?
One part per million

94. The restriction of certain discrete energy levels in a semiconductor

material can be predicted generally by using what model?
Bohr model

95. At room temperature, in a perfect silicon crystal, the equilibrium

concentration of thermally generated electrons in the conduction band is
about
1.5 x 1010 per cubic cm.

96. What is the basis in operations of semiconductor photoconductors?

EHP optical generation

97. A silicon sample at equilibrium has a electron concentration of 1.5 x 1010

/cm3, and is doped with 1015 donors/cm3. Calculate the minority-carrier
concentrations.
2.25 x 105/cm3

98. Impurities with energy level or states close to the band edges are called
shallow states.

99. When an impurity used in doping produces a level or state that is close to
the center of the gap, it is called _____ impurity.
Deep state

100. The mobility of electrons and holes in a semiconductor are affected mainly
by what scattering mechanisms?
Impurity and lattice scattering

101. In semiconductors, what scattering mechanism that has a the smallest effect?
Crystal imperfection scattering

102. Calculate the total carrier mobility in a semiconductor if the impurity

scattering µL = 0.3 m2/vs.
0.14 m2/vs

103. Semiconductor that has the highest heat conductivity and therefore used as a
heat sink.
Diamond

104. The semiconductor that is used in xerography.

Selenium (Se)
105. What semiconductor that is good for high-temperature applications?
Silicon carbide (SiC)

106. Among the given semiconductors below, which has the highest mobility?
Indium antimonide

107. For an electroluminescent of green and red lights, which semiconductor is

best?
Gallium phosphide

108. A semiconductor glass is known as

amorphous semiconductor

109. Typical range of power dissipation for a semiconductor be considered as “low

power” or “small signal”.
Less than 1 watt

110. Before an electron can participate in the conduction of electricity, it must

leave from the valence band and transfer to the conduction band.
Transferring to be conduction band involves energy acquisition by an
electron from external sources and this energy must be greater than the
energy gap of the material. Which semiconductor material has the highest
energy gap?
Zinc Sulfide (Zns)

111. Which of the following semiconductors has the smallest energy gap?
InSb

112. The ease with which a charge carrier (electron or hole) moves in a
semiconductor material is known as mobility. It is
InSb

113. In semiconductor materials, electrons have a higher value of mobility than

holes, but which semiconductor material has the slowest electron-mobility?
AlP

114. What is the average lattice constant of most semiconductors materials?

0.5 nm

115. What is formed when an n-type and p-type semiconductors are brought
together?
Pn junction