POZAR chapter 14: RF MICROWAVE SYSTEMS. Example 02 __ 04/11/2020 15:30:24.

EXAMPLE 14.2
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pozar_14_example_02.m

c0=299792856 % [m/s] light speed

etha0=120*pi % [ohm]

% Small wire dipole antenna far field, symbolic

syms V0 theta k0 r
E_theta= V0*sin(theta)*exp(-2j*k0*r)/r % [V/m]
E_phi=0

In the context of this example one cannot go much further with symbolic expressions

Visualising dipole far fields

d1=dipole
f0=1e9 % [Hz]

figure(1)
EHfields(d1,f0)

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POZAR chapter 14: RF MICROWAVE SYSTEMS. Example 02 __ 04/11/2020 15:30:24.

built-in dipole properties

d1 d1 =
dipole with properties:

Length: 0.030000000000000
Width: 0.005000000000000
FeedOffset: 0
Tilt: 0
TiltAxis: [1 0 0]
Load: [1×1 lumpedElement]

lambda0=c0/f0

% default dipole length is 2m

d1.Length/lambda0 % this is not short dipole

d1.Length=.03
d1.Width=.005

figure(2)
EHfields(d1,f0)

Radiation intensity: U

S: Poynting vector E x H
U= S*sin(theta)= (E x H)*sin(theta) = |E|^2/(2*etha0)*sin(theta)

U=V0^2/(2*etha0)*(sin(theta))^2

V0=1

% radiation pattern
U=@(V0,theta) V0^2/(2*etha0)*(sin(theta)).^2

% function to integrate to calculate D denominator

Usin=@(V0,theta) V0^2/(2*etha0)*(sin(theta)).^3

Prad=integral2(@(t,ph) Usin(V0,t),0,pi,0,2*pi) Prad =

0.011111111108497
Umax=V0^2/(2*etha0) Umax =
0.001326291192432
D=4*pi*Umax/Prad D=
1.500000000352905
DdB=10*log10(D) DdB =
1.760912591578578

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POZAR chapter 14: RF MICROWAVE SYSTEMS. Example 02 __ 04/11/2020 15:30:24.

D is V0 independent.

Radiation Pattern Cross Section

da=2*pi/200;
a=[0:da:2*pi]
x=sin(a).^2;
y=sin(a).^2.*cos(a);

figure(3)
ax1=gca
plot(x,y)
grid on
title('small dipole U cross section')

Short dipole radiation pattern is not a torus

Short dipole radiation pattern is often called doughnut or even torus but it's not a torus, following torus surface holding regular circle shape, that he above
radiation pattern does not hold.

x = @(u,v) .5*(1+cos(v))*cos(u);
y = @(u,v) .5*(1+cos(v))*sin(u);
z = @(u,v) sin(v);
figure(4)
ax1=gca
hfs = fsurf(ax1,x,y,z)
hfs.EdgeColor='none'
ax1.DataAspectRatio=[1 1 1]

Radiation pattern with Antennas Toolbox

Visualising antenna shape

d=dipole
d.Width=.003 % [m]
d.Length=.2 % [m]
d.Tilt=90 % [deg]
d.TiltAxis=[0 1 0]
figure(5)
show(d)

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POZAR chapter 14: RF MICROWAVE SYSTEMS. Example 02 __ 04/11/2020 15:30:24.

Adding 'good' ground plane with dielectric layer in between

t=dielectric('Teflon')
rf=reflector('Exciter',d,'Spacing',7.5e-3,'Substrate',t)
rf.GroundPlaneLength=inf

Radiation pattern of short dipole WITH ground plane

figure(6)
pattern(rf,700e6)

Antenna dielectric layer and ground plane all together

figure(7)
show(rf)

short dipole Zin

figure(8)
% Dipole input impedance within [50 100] MHz
impedance(d,linspace(500e6,1500e6,151))

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POZAR chapter 14: RF MICROWAVE SYSTEMS. Example 02 __ 04/11/2020 15:30:24.

Around real(Zin)=73 short dipoles show null or very small reactance. With increasing frequency, such low reactance for short dipoles Zin shows up again
around 1.2GHz, but now real(Zin)>1k.

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POZAR chapter 14: RF MICROWAVE SYSTEMS. Example 02 __ 04/11/2020 15:30:24.

Where is the whole collection of exercises?

This exercise is part of the collection of exercises Microwave Engineering POZAR 4th ed solved with MATLAB available in this website:
https://jgb2012.wixsite.com/microwave-eng-matlab

How can one get the main literature reference?

For instance from:

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Microwave-Engineering-David-M-Pozar/dp/0470631554

What about the solutions manual?

It's freely available https://www.scribd.com/doc/176505749/Microwave-engineering-pozar-4th-Ed-solutions-manual

For educational purposes only: https://www.copyrightuser.org/understand/exceptions/education/

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