Microwave Engineering Chapter 2 Example 3

POZAR chapter 02 Transmission Line Basics: Example 03 16/04/2023 11:45:45.
EXAMPLE 2.3
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Document author: John Bofarull Guix jgb2012@sky.com jgb2014@live.co.uk https://jgb2012.wixsite.com/microwave-eng-matlab
Download .mlx
Smith Chart Operations 02: find input and load admittances
Contents
1.- Place Load Impedance ZL on Smith Chart

2.- Calculate Load Admittance YL
3.- Rotate .15*lambda Towards Generator
4.- Input Admittance
5.- Load Single Frequency with R L
6.- Test with the Quite Universal Circuit Simulator Produces Errors
7.- QUCSTUDIO Simulator Works OK
8.- Introduction to transmissionLineDesigner
9.- Previous Round

10.- Smith Chart Support Functions for example 2.3
10.1.- Smith_pinZ
10.2.- Smith_swrCircle
10.3.- Smith_swrArc
Comments and References
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John Bofarull Guix jgb2012@sky.com mailto:jgb2014@live.co.ukailto: attached: all 1 / 21
pozar_02_example_03.m
c0=physconst('Lightspeed'); % [m/s]
Z0=50; % [ohm] TL
ZL=100+1j*50; % [ohm] load
f0=1e10 % [Hz] carrier frequency

lambda0=c0/f0 % [m] wavelength
D=.15 % TL relative wavelength
L=D*lambda0 % TL physical length
% start blank Smith Chart

hf1=figure
ax=gca
sm1=smithplot;
hold all
% Smith Chart Configuration

sm1.ClipData=0;
sm1.GridType='ZY';
sm1.FontName='Tahoma';
sm1.FontSize=11;
sm1.TitleTopFontWeight='normal';
sm1.GridForegroundColor=[.7 .7 .7];
sm1.TitleTopTextInterpreter='tex'; % ['none' 'tex' 'latex']
sm1.TitleTop=[ num2str(D) '*\lambda rotation Z_{L} to Z_{in} Clock Wise'];
sm1.TitleBottomTextInterpreter='tex'; % [none 'tex' 'latex']
sm1.TitleBottom=['Z_{0} = ' num2str(Z0) ' \Omega Smith Chart Type : ' sm1.GridType];
sm1.TitleBottomOffset=.2; % <.5
sm1.GridSubLineWidth=1;
sm1.GridVisible='1';
sm1.ArcTickLabelVisible=0;
sm1.CircleTickLabelVisible=0;
sm1.NextPlot='add';
% a bit of visual reference for angles

d1=1;d2=1.12;
plot(ax,d1*cos([0:.1:2*pi+.1]),d1*sin([0:.1:2*pi+.1]),'Color',[.6 .6 .6]);
plot(ax,d2*cos([0:.1:2*pi+.1]),d2*sin([0:.1:2*pi+.1]),'Color',[.6 .6 .6]);
v=[0:1/24:1]*2*pi;
for k=1:1:numel(v)
plot(ax,[d1 d2]*cos(v(k)),[d1 d2]*sin(v(k)),'Color',[.6 .6 .6]);
end
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.- Place Load Impedance ZL on Smith Chart
c=[1 0 0];
% load reflection coefficient
[rLza rLzm]=Smith_pinZ(ax,ZL,Z0,[1 0 0],0)
[rLzx,rLzy]=pol2cart(rLza,rLzm);0
text(ax,rLzx+.2,rLzy+.05,'zL',...
'Color',[.7 0 0],...
'FontSize',15,...
'HorizontalAlignment','right',...
'VerticalAlignment','middle');
% SWR full circle

[rx,ry]=Smith_swrCircle(ax,ZL,Z0,[.5 0 .5]);
2.- Calculate Load Admittance YL
% Load Admittance expected value

YL=1/ZL
% a: arc on Smith Chart

a=D*2*pi/.5 % .5*lambda=2*pi rad on Smith Chart
% admittance on Y Smith Chart

[rLya rLym]=Smith_pinZ(ax,YL,1/Z0,[1 0 0],0)
[rLyx,rLyy]=pol2cart(rLya,rLym);
text(ax,rLyx-.05,rLyy+.05,'yL',...
'Color',[.7 0 0],...
'FontSize',15,...
= 3.6052 0.4472 % reflection coeff of YL in polar
= -0.4000 -0.2000 % reflection coeff of YL in cart
% angle visual reference

plot(ax,[cos(angle((rLzx(end)+1j*rLzy(end)))) cos(angle((rLyx(end)+1j*rLyy(end))))],...
[sin(angle((rLzx(end)+1j*rLzy(end)))) sin(angle((rLyx(end)+1j*rLyy(end))))],'Color',[0 1 1]);
plot(ax,[rLzx rLyx],[rLzy rLyy],'Color',[0 .7 .0]); % line zL to yL
gammayL=rLyx+1j*rLyy
% load admittance obtained with Smith Chart rotation
YL_sc=1/Z0*(1+gammayL)/(1-gammayL)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.- Rotate .15*lambda Towards Generator
% Load-to-Generator, Z Smith Chart : RL=-1 (CW)

% Load-to-Generator, Y Smith Chart : ALSO RL=-1 (CW)
% EITHER shift arc a CW from ZL to find Zin

RL=-1
c=[1 0 0]
[r2x,r2y]=Smith_swrArc(ax,ZL,Z0,a,RL,c);
plot(ax,r2x(end),r2y(end),'ro') % marker zin

text(ax,r2x(end)+.1,r2y(end)-.1,'zin',...
'Color',[.7 0 0],...
'FontSize',15,...
gammazin=r2x(end)+1j*r2y(end);
Zin_sc=Z0*(1+gammazin)/(1-gammazin)
Yin_check=1/Zin_sc
gammazin =
0.0666 - 0.4422i
Zin_sc =
37.4972 -41.4553i
Yin_check =
0.0120 + 0.0133i
4.- Input Admittance
% OR shift same arc ALSO CW from YL to find Yin
[riyx,riyy]=Smith_swrArc(ax,YL,1/Z0,a,RL,[0 0 1]);
plot(ax,riyx(end),riyy(end),'ro') % marker yin

text(ax,riyx(end)-.05,riyy(end)+.1,'yin',...
'Color',[.7 0 0],...
'FontSize',15,...
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
% angle visual reference

plot(ax,[cos(angle((riyx(end)+1j*riyy(end)))) cos(angle((r2x(end)+1j*r2y(end))))],...
[sin(angle((riyx(end)+1j*riyy(end)))) sin(angle((r2x(end)+1j*r2y(end))))],'Color',[0 1 1]);
plot(ax,[riyx(end) r2x(end)],[riyy(end) r2y(end)],'Color',[0 .7 0]); % line yin zin
gammayin=riyx(end)+1j*riyy(end);
% this is Yin
Yin_sc=1/Z0*(1+gammayin)/(1-gammayin) Yin_sc =
0.0120 + 0.0133i
% and this Zin
Zin_check=1/(1/Z0*(1+gammayin)/(1-gammayin)) Zin_check =
37.4956 -41.4539i
Zin=Z0*(ZL+1j*Z0*tan(2*pi*D))/(Z0+1j*ZL*tan(2*pi*D)) Zin =
37.4956 -41.4539i
Yin=1/Zin Yin =
0.0120 + 0.0133i
All values calculated directly match to those graphically obtained on Smith Chart.
5.- Load single frequency with R L
syms R positive real;

syms L positive real;
f0=1e9
Z0=50
ZL=100+1j*50
eqns=[real(ZL)-real(R+1j*L*2*pi*f0)==0, ...
imag(ZL)-imag(R+1j*L*2*pi*f0)==0];
vars=[R L]; R1 =
[solR solL]=solve(eqns,vars); 100
R1=eval(solR) L1 =
L1=eval(solL) 7.9577e-09
% check =
R1+1j*L1*2*pi*f0 1.0000e+02 + 5.0000e+01i
In next point, same circuit with QUCS.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6.- Test with the Quite Universal Circuit Simulator Produces Errors
Details how to install and available workbook link in [1]. Using version 0.0.19. 1st contact:
example_02_03_02.sch
As wavelength fractions electric lengths have no dimension.
At f0 the right value shows up:
Note that the above S[1,1] arc in red on Smith Chart shows
the correct load ZL at 1GHz, but the arc is not an SWR circle.
It's a frequency sweep.
(ZL-Z0)/(ZL+Z0) = 0.4000 + 0.2000i

[rcheck,acheck]=cart2pol(.4,.2) = 0.4636
= 0.4472
acheck_deg=acheck*180/pi = 25.6235
abs(.448-.4472)/.448*100 % module error = 0.1786
abs(acheck_deg-24.1)/acheck_deg*100 % angle error = 5.9455
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When a component
value sweep is
attempted on a single
frequency, at least as
follows, the simulation
produces no errors, but
no results are plotted on
the Smith Chart either. I
tried both single port, 2
ports, and with and AC
simulation block.
The obtained S[1,1] S[2,1]

on the right hand side table
do not correspond to the
actual circuit, indicating
that when a single
frequency is used in
S parameter simulation,
the simulation does not
really take place.
Now it's still a frequency sweep, but the red arcs

shapes are closer to a SWR.
Reducing the frequency sweep as much as

possible:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
And despite we have

swept the electrical
length of the
transmission line over
a narrow frequency
range, the produced
circle is wider than the
expected SWR.
On the left the expect

correct result. The
SWR circle has to have
a shorter radius.
The resulting Zin is not correct: (.443+1j*.627)/(.00379-1j*.00126) = 5.5728e+01 + 1.8396e+02i
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I actually would put the 2nd port in

parallel to the load, but again the
obtained SWR does have the correct
radius, now the SWR circle is too
small.
Also, in this circuit, when asking for

S[2,2] nothing is plotted. It's not that
S[2,2] is hidden behind S[1,1].
Even when just S[2,2] then no trace

is plotted.
It seems as if this simulator is a work

in progress, and RF simulation still
has limitations and errors to be
solved.
The Smith Chart interface seems to allow

dimensionless transmission line values to be used,
but QUCSTUDIO only has transmission lines with
physical dimensions, so just in case, I try
.15*c0/f0=.0045 meters instead:
And anow QUCS is impervious to the presence of

the coil in the load; S[1,1] shows up as if there
were no inductance at all in the load:
QUCS cursors, aka trace markers or data tips do

not 'glide' on traces, which would be very useful, so
one has to guess and keep placing static markers
until on right frequency.
QUCS has a transmission line called 4-Port Line

that it's actually 2 port, not 4. QUCS mixes 'port'
with 'pin' or 'terminal'.
List of QUCS built-in examples in [2].
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.- QUCSTUDIO Simulator Works OK
There is another simulator named QUCSSTUDIO [3] that produces correct result on 1st round. List of QUCSTUDIO available
examples in [4].
I use the same icon for QUCS and QUCSTUDIO circuits but QUCSTUDIO does not open QUCS circuits and I may know why.
ucs_02_01.sch
55.8*(cos(pi/180*(-47.9))+1j*sin(pi/180*(-47.9))) = 37.4098 -41.4023i
Right on spot real(Zin) error below 0.01.
S Parameter sweep
between .5GHz and
1.5GHz with 101 points.
QUCSTUDIO markers
nicely glide on traces.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
And because it's a passive network, one expects S

symmetrical, S[2,1]=S[1,2] but this does not imply
S[1,1]=S[2,2], which is another problem with
QUCS on this circuit, but QUCSTUDIO solves again
this point correctly.
8.- Introduction to transmissionLineDesigner
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the default ground width the resulting Z0 is %% TransmissionLineProperties

60. Double the ground width and the correct txLineObj = microstripLineCustom;
Z0=50 is then produced. txLineObj.TraceLength = 0.0581926766532197 ;
txLineObj.TraceWidth = 0.0015 ;
txLineObj.GroundPlaneLength = 0.012 ;
transmissionLineDesigner generates code to
txLineObj.LeftCoupledTraceGap = 0 ;
build this transmission line and apply changes txLineObj.RightCoupledTraceGap = 0 ;
directly on txLineObj fields. % Substrate Properties
txLineObj.Substrate.Name = {'TMM10i'} ;
txLineObj.Substrate.EpsilonR = 9.9 ;
txLineObj.Substrate.LossTangent = 0.002 ;
% Conductor Properties
txLineObj.Conductor.Name = {'Copper'} ;
txLineObj.Conductor.Conductivity = 59600000 ;
txLineObj.Conductor.Thickness = 3.556e-05 ;
% Show Transmission Line
figure('Name','TransmissionLine');
show(txLineObj);
%% RLGC Values
% Design Frequency for RLGC Analysis
Frequency = 1.00e+09;
% Calculate RLGC Values
RLGC = rlgc(txLineObj,Frequency);
% Calculate Propagation Delay
PropagationDelay = propagationDelay(txLineObj,Frequency);
% Calculate Characteristic Impedance
CharacteristicImpedance = sqrt(RLGC.L(1,1)/RLGC.C(1,1));
5.- Previous Round
previous_02_example_03.m
Following the previous solution, without Smith Chart support functions. Same correct results obtained.
TL is 0.15 long Z0=50; ZL=100+j50 . Find Y_load and Y_in
close all;clear all;clc

format long;
sm1=smithplot;
sm1.GridType='ZY';
% inputs:
Z0=50;ZL=100+1j*50;
% Find YL and Yin moving 0.15*lambda towards generator
gamma=z2gamma(ZL,Z0) % without specifying Z0, z2gamma takes Z0=50 as default
gamma= (ZL-Z0)/(ZL+Z0)
if imag(ZL)<0
sign1='-'
else
sign1='+'
end
hold all;plot(real(gamma),imag(gamma),'ro','LineWidth',1.5)
str1=['ZL =' num2str(real(ZL)) sign1 'j' num2str(abs(imag(ZL))) ' \rightarrow'];
text(real(gamma),imag(gamma)+.01,str1,'Color','blue','FontSize',20,'HorizontalAlignment','right','VerticalAlignment','middle')
r=abs(gamma)
SWR=(1+r)/(1-r)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
RL=-20*log10(r)
% sm1=smithchart(gamma) plots absolutely nothing

alpha=0:2*pi/100:2*pi;
hold all
plot(r*cos(alpha),r*sin(alpha),'LineWidth',1.5,'Color','blue')
L0=gamma/abs(gamma)
plot([0 real(L0)],[0 imag(L0)],'g','LineWidth',1.5)
% moving 0.3&lambda towards generator

% lambda/4 is equivalent to rotation along half Smith Chart, this is: 180º
% moving lambda/4 towards generator would be
% L1=L0*exp((0+1j)*pi)
% plot([0 real(L1)],[0 imag(L1)],'Color',[0 0.7 0],'LineWidth',1.5)
% problem input 3: towards generator

a2=(.15/.25)*pi
L2=L0*exp(-(0+1j)*a2)
plot([0 real(L2)],[0 imag(L2)],'Color',[0 0.7 0],'LineWidth',1.5)
gamma_in=L2*r
Zin=gamma2z(gamma_in,Z0)
% z_in = 36.533960924745216 -61.118970709646213i
% equivalent to
% Z0*(1+L2*r)/(1-L2*r) = 36.533960924745216 -61.118970709646213i
plot(real(gamma_in),imag(gamma_in),'ro','LineWidth',1.5)
if imag(Zin)<0
sign1='-'
else
sign1='+'
end
% just for display purposes, keeping only 2 decimals, Zin not rounded
str_Zinreal=num2str(real(Zin));str_Zinimag=num2str(abs(imag(Zin)));
str_Zinreal([find(str_Zinreal=='.')+3:end])=[];str_Zinimag([find(str_Zinimag=='.')+3:end])=[];
str1=['Zin =' str_Zinreal sign1 'j' str_Zinimag ' \rightarrow'];
text(real(gamma_in),imag(gamma_in)+.01,str1,'Color','blue','FontSize',20,'HorizontalAlignment','right','VerticalAlignment','middle')
Yin=1/Zin
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.- Smith Chart Support Functions for example 2.3
7.1.- Smith_pinZ
Smith_pinZ(ax,Z,Z0,c,s)
function [gamma_Z_angle,gamma_Z_mod]=Smith_pinZ(ax,Z,Z0,c,s)
% SMITH_PINZ : Support function for Smith Chart operations.
%
% SMITH_PINZ plots on Z Smith Chart the reflection coefficient of input impedance Z.
%
% Before calling SMITH_PINZ open blank Smith Chart with for instance the
% following commands:
% fh=figure
% ax=gca
% sm1=smithplot
%
% INPUT FIELDS:
%
% ax : graphics handle of figure containing Smith Chart generated with smithplot.
% always required to avoid sending the marker plotting to different figure.
%
% Z : [ohm] single value, input impedance R+1j*X, do not normalise values.
%
% Z0 : [ohm] single value, Transmission Line characteristic impedance.
%
% c : [R G B] 0 to 1 range colour definition for Marker edge plotted showing Z position.
% 0:white 1:black
%
% s : [0 1] switch to print ZL=R+jX : s=1 text showing 'ZL=R+jX' values is added.
% s=0 output NO text showing ZL=R+jX data is added.
% any other value of s pops error message on command prompt and null
%
% OUTPUT FIELDS:
% gamma_Z_angle, gamma_Z_mod: reflection coefficient is complex and carteisan real(refl) + 1j*imag(refl) format
%
% angles sign, same angle for instance -60º can also show
% up as 300º, can be avoided when only using positive angles, for all angles.
%
% there have to be exactly 5 inputs and exactly 1 complex output
%
% Author: John Bofarull Guix
% contact: jgb2012@sky.com jgb2014@live.co.uk
%
gamma_Z=z2gamma(Z,Z0); % refl=(ZL-Z0)/(ZL+Z0)
gamma_Z_angle=angle(gamma_Z);
gamma_Z_mod=abs(gamma_Z);
if gamma_Z_angle<0 % removing angle sign ambiguity.

gamma_Z_angle=2*pi+gamma_Z_angle;
end
if gamma_Z_angle>(2*pi)
gamma_Z_angle=gamma_Z_angle-2*pi;
end
% gamma_Z=pol2cart(gamma_Z_angle,gamma_Z_mod)
% gamma_Z=gamma_Z_mod*(cos(gamma_Z_angle)+1j*sin(gamma_Z_angle))
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
hp1=plot(ax,real(gamma_Z),imag(gamma_Z),'ro')
hp1.LineStyle='none'
hp1.LineWidth=.5;
hp1.Marker='o';
hp1.MarkerSize=6;
hp1.MarkerFaceColor='none';
hp1.MarkerEdgeColor=c;
switch s
case 1 % print text showing Z=R+1jX values on Smith Chart
if imag(Z)<0
sign1='-';
else
sign1='+';
end
hold all;
plot(ax,real(gamma_Z),imag(gamma_Z),'ro','LineWidth',1.5);
str1=['ZL =' num2str(real(Z)) sign1 'j' num2str(abs(imag(Z))) '----' '\rightarrow'];
text(ax,real(gamma_Z),imag(gamma_Z)+.01,...
str1,'Color','blue',...
'FontSize',20,...
case 0
% gamma already on SC . Put here more code in case
% some else to be done when NO explicit tag showing Z=R+1jX
otherwise
% s out of range
gamma_Z=0+1j*0;
disp('error: s can only be 1: print text, or 0: no text.')
end
% Support function for Smith_pinZ

function g1=z2gamma(z1,z0)
g1=(z1-z0)./(z1+z0);
end
end
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.2.- Smith_swrCircle
Smith_swrCircle(ax,Z,Z0,c)
function [x_data,y_data]=Smith_swrCircle(ax,Z,Z0,c)
% PLOT_SWRCIRCLE plots SWR full circle, lossless TL
%
% INPUTS
% ax: graphics handles of figure containing Smith Chart generated with smithplot.
% Z: [ohm] impedance, NOT normalised
% Z0: [ohm] Transmission Line characteristic impedance
% c: color format [r g b] each ranging [0 1] where 0:white 1:black
%
% OUTPUT
% SWR full circle points in cartesian format
input_checks;
gamma=z2gamma(Z,Z0);
r=abs(gamma);
alpha=0:2*pi/100:2*pi;
hold all;
sub_hp2=plot(ax,r*cos(alpha),r*sin(alpha),'-','LineWidth',.5,'Color',c);
x_data=sub_hp2.XData;
y_data=sub_hp2.YData;
function input_checks
% support function for SMITH_SWRCIRCLE
[szc1 szc2]=size(c);
if szc1>1 || szc2~=3
disp('\ncolour wrong amount elements\n');
return;
end
if max(c>1) || min(c<0)
disp('\ncolour component(s) out of range\n');
return;
end
if numel(Z0)>1
disp('\nZ0 cannot be vector\n');
return;
end
Z=Z(:);
[sz1 sz2]=size(Z);
cas=1;
if sz2>1
cas=2;
end
end
end
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.3.- Smith_swrArc
Smith_swrArc(ax,Z,Z0,a,RL,s)
function [x_data,y_data]=Smith_swrArc(ax,Z,Z0,a,RL,c)
% PLOT_SWRARC plots SWR arc a [rad] on Smith Chart CW or CCW according to RL and colour c
% TL assumed lossless
%
% INPUTS
% ax: graphics handles of figure containing Smith Chart generated with smithplot.
%
% Z: [ohm] impedance, NOT normalised, Start point of the Arc on Smith Chart
%
% Z0: [ohm] Transmission Line characteristic impedance
%
% a: [rad] arc angle
%
% RL : rotation direction [-1 1] -1: CW clockwise 1: CCW counter-clockwise
%
% c: color format [r g b] each ranging [0 1] where 0:white 1:black
%
% OUTPUT
% Arc points on Smith Chart in cartesian format starting on Z and CW/CWW according to RL
input_checks;
if 0<a<=pi/2 N=200; end % arc [rad] amount points

if pi/2<a<=pi N=300; end
if pi<a<=3*pi/2 N=400; end
if 3*pi/2<a<2*pi N=500; end
gamma_in=z2gamma(Z,Z0);
r=abs(gamma_in);
a0=angle(gamma_in); % start angle

if a0<0 a0=2*pi-abs(a0); end
az=(a0+RL*a); % stop angle

if az<0 az=2*pi-abs(az); end
gamma_out=r*(cos(az)+1j*sin(az));
q=0;
if az<a0 & RL==-1 q=1; end;
if az<a0 & RL==1 q=2; end;
if az>a0 & RL==-1 q=3; end;
if az>a0 & RL==1 q=4; end;
switch q
case 1 % az<a0 & CW
alpha=[a0:-a/N:az];
case 2 % az<a0 & CCW

alpha=[a0:a/N:2*pi 0:a/N:az];
case 3 % az>a0 % CW
alpha=[a0:-a/N:0 2*pi:-a/N:az];
case 4 % az>a0 % CCW
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
alpha=[a0:a/N:az];
otherwise
disp('\nq within [1:4] only\n')
end
hold all;
sub_hp2=plot(ax,r*cos(alpha),r*sin(alpha),'-','LineWidth',2,'Color',c);
x_data=sub_hp2.XData;
y_data=sub_hp2.YData;
function input_checks
% support function for SMITH_SWRARC
if nargin~=6
disp('\ntrial version: 6 and only 6 input fields required\n');
return;
end
if numel(Z)>1
disp('\nZ scalar values only\n')
end
if numel(Z0)>1
disp('\nZ0 scalar only\n');
return;
end
a=abs(a); % don't care about a sign
if a==0 || mod(2*pi,a)==0
disp('\nChoose arc>0\n');
return;
end
if a>(2*pi) % if angle>360deg bring it within [0 360]

a=rem(2*pi,a);
end
% if a<0 % use positive angles only, all angles

% a=2*pi-abs(a);
% end
if ~(RL==[-1 1])
disp('\nRL has to be either -1:CW or 1:CCW\n');
end
[szc1 szc2]=size(c);
if szc1>1 || szc2~=3
disp('\ncolour [R G B] wrong amount elements\n');
return;
end
if max(c>1) || min(c<0)
disp('\ncolour component(s) out of range\n');
return;
end
end
end
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Comments and References
[1] QUCS : Quite Universal Circuit Simulator https://sourceforge.net/projects/qucs/
Home Page : http://qucs.sourceforge.net/

Documentation start page : http://qucs.sourceforge.net/docs.html
Components reference manual : http://qucs.github.io/qucs-manual/
If you need help on using QUCs, please join the help mailing list : qucs-help on SourceForge
(please attach the schematic you are having problems with)
IRC general discussion channel : #qucs on freenode.net
Additional resources : https://github.com/Qucs/qucs#resources
Some habits are not that easy to change: It would sell faster rebranding to just UCS : Universal Circuit Simulator.
[2] List of built-in circuit examples in QUCS
1. active_bp.sch 20. Comb_Gen.sch 40. lf_osci.sch 59. sawtooth-2.sch

2. active_lp.sch 21. diff1.sch 41. LPF_1000_Coplanar.sch 60. sawtooth-3.sch
3. active_mixer.sch 22. diode_hb.sch 42. LPF_1000_Radial- 61. sawtooth-discreet.sch
4. Amp_Baseband_Low- 23. elliptic_5th.sch Stub.sch 62. schmitt.sch
noise.sch 24. fet.sch 43. LPF_1250_Elliptical.sch 63. selective_amp.sch
5. Amp_Two_Tone.sch 25. fet_noise.sch 44. LPF-Balun2.sch 64. shot.sch
6. bbv.sch 26. fgummel.sch 45. LPF-Balun3.sch 65. single_balanced.sch
7. boostconverter.sch 27. fhr01fh.sch 46. microstrip.sch 66. singleOPV.sch
8. bpf_10Ghz.sch 28. filter_optimization.sch 47. mixer.sch 67. SmithChartTest.sch
9. BPF_1550_edge_cpld.sch 29. flicker.sch 48. mscoupler.sch 68. stab.sch
10. BPF_2000_Co-ax.sch 30. fullwaverectifier_1.sch 49. multiplier.sch 69. supply.sch
11. bridge.sch 31. fullwaverectifier_2.sch 50. notch.sch 70. swr_meter.sch
12. buckboost.sch 32. gain.sch 51. opamp_gyrator.sch 71. sym_osci.sch
13. buckconverter.sch 33. giacoletto.sch 52. pentode.sch 72. time_resistor.sch
14. charac.sch 34. gilbert.sch 53. preregulator.sch 73. triode.sch
15. chargepump.sch 35. groupdelay_ac.sch 54. Puls3b.sch 74. VCO_100.sch
16. chebyshev1_5th.sch 36. groupdelay_sp.sch 55. resonance.sch 75. wilkinson.sch
17. classic_osci.sch 37. gyrator.sch 56. rf_osci.sch 76. X2_100_Bipolar.sch
18. colpitts.sch 38. IdealBalun.sch 57. rgummel.sch 77. X5_500.sch
19. colpitts_base.sch 39. lc_osc.sch 58. sawtooth-1.sch
[3] QUCSTUDIO, a Free and Powerful Circuit Simulator
http://qucsstudio.de/
author :Michael Margraf
[4] QUCSTUDIO built-in Examples
DC analysis DC bias, nested sweeps
AC analysis noise contribution etc.
transient analysis oscillators, peak detectors, periodic steady-state analysis etc.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
s-parameter analysis gain/stability/noise circles, Touchstone files
HB analysis Harmonic Balance, large-signal AC, large-signal s-parameter analysis
digital simulations truth tables, Verilog, VHDL, etc.
system simulation optical telecommunication systems, eye diagrams, bit error rate (BER)
circuit optimization finding best-fit of component parameters
Monte-Carlo analysis estimation of tolerances
PCB layout designing a printed circuit board of an electrical circuit
Octave scripts, post-processing, mex files, script-based schematic creation
C++/VerilogA models creating user models
binary component library contains the following models: Curtice, Statz, TOM1…3, EKV, HICUM L0/L2, stripline and
more (many thanks to Mike Brinson for contributing most of the models)
SPICE import short description on how to import SPICE files
programming small examples for programming console applications in C/C++
EM simulation a few examples about electromagnetic field simulations
formulas Examples for formula sheets
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Where is the whole collection of exercises?

This exercise is part of the collection of exercises Microwave Engineering POZAR 4th ed solved with MATLAB
available in this website: https://jgb2012.wixsite.com/microwave-eng-matlab
How can one get the main literature reference?

For instance from: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Microwave-Engineering-David-M-Pozar/dp/0470631554
What about the solutions manual?

It's freely available https://www.scribd.com/doc/176505749/Microwave-engineering-pozar-4th-Ed-solutions-manual
For educational purposes only: https://www.copyrightuser.org/understand/exceptions/education/
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Microwave Engineering Chapter 2 Example 3

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Microwave Engineering Chapter 2 Example 3

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POZAR chapter 02 Transmission Line Basics: Example 03 16/04/2023 11:45:45.

Document author: John Bofarull Guix jgb2012@sky.com jgb2014@live.co.uk https://jgb2012.wixsite.com/microwave-eng-matlab

Smith Chart Operations 02: find input and load admittances

1.- Place Load Impedance ZL on Smith Chart

8.- Introduction to transmissionLineDesigner

9.- Previous Round

Comments and References

f0=1e10 % [Hz] carrier frequency

% start blank Smith Chart

% Smith Chart Configuration

% a bit of visual reference for angles

1.- Place Load Impedance ZL on Smith Chart

% SWR full circle

2.- Calculate Load Admittance YL

% Load Admittance expected value

% a: arc on Smith Chart

% admittance on Y Smith Chart

= 3.6052 0.4472 % reflection coeff of YL in polar

= -0.4000 -0.2000 % reflection coeff of YL in cart

% angle visual reference

3.- Rotate .15*lambda Towards Generator

% Load-to-Generator, Z Smith Chart : RL=-1 (CW)

% EITHER shift arc a CW from ZL to find Zin

plot(ax,r2x(end),r2y(end),'ro') % marker zin

4.- Input Admittance

% OR shift same arc ALSO CW from YL to find Yin

plot(ax,riyx(end),riyy(end),'ro') % marker yin

% angle visual reference

5.- Load single frequency with R L

syms R positive real;

In next point, same circuit with QUCS.

As wavelength fractions electric lengths have no dimension.

At f0 the right value shows up:

(ZL-Z0)/(ZL+Z0) = 0.4000 + 0.2000i

The obtained S[1,1] S[2,1]

Now it's still a frequency sweep, but the red arcs

Reducing the frequency sweep as much as

And despite we have

On the left the expect

The resulting Zin is not correct: (.443+1j*.627)/(.00379-1j*.00126) = 5.5728e+01 + 1.8396e+02i

I actually would put the 2nd port in

Also, in this circuit, when asking for

Even when just S[2,2] then no trace

It seems as if this simulator is a work

The Smith Chart interface seems to allow

And anow QUCS is impervious to the presence of

QUCS cursors, aka trace markers or data tips do

QUCS has a transmission line called 4-Port Line

List of QUCS built-in examples in [2].

7.- QUCSTUDIO Simulator Works OK

55.8*(cos(pi/180*(-47.9))+1j*sin(pi/180*(-47.9))) = 37.4098 -41.4023i

Right on spot real(Zin) error below 0.01.

And because it's a passive network, one expects S

8.- Introduction to transmissionLineDesigner

With the default ground width the resulting Z0 is %% TransmissionLineProperties

5.- Previous Round

TL is 0.15 long Z0=50; ZL=100+j50 . Find Y_load and Y_in

close all;clear all;clc

% sm1=smithchart(gamma) plots absolutely nothing

% moving 0.3&lambda towards generator

% problem input 3: towards generator

7.- Smith Chart Support Functions for example 2.3

if gamma_Z_angle<0 % removing angle sign ambiguity.

The resulting Zin is not correct: (.443+1j.627)/(.00379-1j.00126) = 5.5728e+01 + 1.8396e+02i

55.8(cos(pi/180(-47.9))+1jsin(pi/180(-47.9))) = 37.4098 -41.4023i