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internal
circuits
Bipolar
(BJT)
or
MOSFET
?
N-‐
or
P-‐Input
for
Op-‐Amp
?
Comparator,
Opamp,
OTA
?
Comparator,
Opamp,
OTA
?
Basic
use
of
OpAmps
Comparator
with
N-‐device
as
input
Simple
1-‐stage
CMOS
-‐
OTA
gm
–
compare
BJT
/
MOSFET
2-‐stage
MOSFET
–
Comparator
2-‐stage
MOSFET
–
OTA
„Miller
OTA“
Bode
diagram
of
Miller
OTA
AC-‐SimulaMon
of
a
2-‐stage
Miller
OTA
AC-‐analysis:
Check
Stability
with
Transient
Analysis
w/l
scaling
for
2-‐stage
MOSFET
-‐
comparator
How
to
avoid/to
minimize
offset
of
a
comparator
Random
Offset
–
Monte
Carlo
SimulaMon
Improve
the
offset
with
larger
devices
MOSFET
-‐
comparator
with
push-‐pull
current
output
MOSFET
-‐
comparator
(OTA)
with
cascode
output
MOSFET
-‐
OTA:
Folded
cascode
Folded
cascode
OTA
–
frequency
response
Folded
Cascode
example
with
p-‐channel
input
Bipolar
(BJT)
-‐
comparator
Comparator
with
P-‐device
as
input
pnp-‐input
Comparator:
Input
voltage
range
Darlington
inputs
pnp
darlington
comparator:
current
measurement
P-‐input
MOS
comparator:
logic
input
buffer
with
special
input
specificaMon
range
npn-‐input
comparator:
open
load
voltage
measurement
EmiZer
/
Source
Follower
as
Output
Stage
Opamp
as
buffer
npn-‐input
Opamp
as
buffer
(voltage
follower)
Opamp
with
push-‐pull
output
MOSFET
-‐
Push-‐Pull
Output
Stage
N-‐input
MOSFET
comparator
with
hysteresis
npn-‐input,
otherwise
MOSFET
comp.:
voltage
measurement
Bip/MOSFET
Comparator
with
Hysteresis
with
clamp
voltage
(vr3)
to
avoid
bipolar
saturaMon
CalculaMon
of
hysteresis
of
bipolar
comparator
Comparator
with
emiZer-‐input
pnp
with
emiZer
-‐
input
P-‐channel
source-‐input
comparator
Current
measurement
with
Shunt-‐Resistor
Current
Measurement
with
Shunt-‐Resistor:
emiZer-‐input-‐comparator,
uses
ΔVBE
principle
Current
Measurement
with
Sense-‐Transistor
Shunt-‐resistance
in
series
to
sense-‐cell
Current
Measurement
with
Sense-‐Transistor
Sense-‐cell
with
Shunt-‐Res.,
Reference-‐Current
with
Reference-‐Resistor
Current
Comparator
High
Voltage
Input
-‐
Current
Comparator
with
low
voltage
devices
Acknowledgments