General Mathematics

Grade 11

Functions
 Relations and Functions
Domain is the set of first coordinates.

Range is the set of second coordinates.

{ (1,-1) (2,-3) (0,5) (-1,3) (4,-5)}

 Relations and Functions
Relation is a set of ordered pair.
(x, y)
Function is a relation in which each
element of the domain corresponds
to exactly one element of the range.
 Relations and Functions
Relation is a set of ordered pair.
(x, y)

{ (-2,-1) (-1,-3) (0,2) (1,3) (2,-5)}

{ (-3,-1) (2,-3) (0,2) (5,3) (2,-4)}

 Relations and Functions
Function is a relation in which each
element of the domain corresponds
to exactly one element of the range.
{ (-2,-1) (-1,-3) (0,2) (1,3) (2,-5)}
{ (3,-4) (-1,-3) (0,2) (1,3) (2,-5)}
Which of following relations are functions?

a. { (0,0) (1,1) (1,2) (2,4) (3,5)}

b. { (1, 5) (2, 4) (3,5) (4,4) (5,-5)}

c. { (-2,3) (-1,2) (0,1) (1,4) (2,5)}

d. { (0,10) (1,9) (2,8) (3,7) (4,6)}

 Relations and Functions
Using Tables:

x -3 -2 -1 0 1
y 9 4 1 0 1

x -5 3 0 3 2
y 4 5 6 7 8

x 1 2 3 4 5
y 11 12 13 14 15
 Relations and Functions
Using Mapping:

Two conditions:
a. All elements in the first set are assigned.

b. No element in the first set are assigned

to more than one element in the second
set.
 Relations and Functions
Using Mapping:
 Relations and Functions
Using Mapping:
 Relations and Functions
Using Graphing:
 Evaluation of Functions

Evaluating a function means replacing the variable in

the function, in this case x, with a value from the
function’s domain and computing the result.

To denote that we are evaluating f at a for some a in

the domain of f, we write f(a).
 Evaluation of Functions
Examples:
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1 where x= 1.5

𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1

𝑓 1.5 = 2 (1.5) + 1

𝑓 1.5 = 3 + 1

𝑓 1.5 =4
 Evaluation of Functions
Examples:
Evaluate 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 where x= -2

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5
𝑓 −2 = (−2)2 −4(−2) + 5
𝑓 −2 = 4 + 8 + 5

𝑓 −2 = 17
General Mathematics

Rational
Functions
 Polynomial Functions
➢ a polynomial function p of degree of n is a
function that can be written in the form:
𝑝 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 +𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0 = 0
➢ where 𝑎0 𝑎1 … 𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒏 is a positive integer
➢ Each addend of the sum is term
➢ Coefficients are the constants of 𝑎1 𝑎2 …𝑎𝑛
➢ Leading coefficient is 𝑎𝑛
➢ Leading term is 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛
➢ Constant term is 𝑎0
 Polynomial Functions
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 +𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0 0
Examples:
a. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 7 + 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2
b. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 +4
c. 𝑓 𝑥 = 10𝑥 5 − 3𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 3
a. Polynomial functions of degree of 7
b. Polynomial functions of degree of 4
c. Polynomial functions of degree of 5
 Rational Expressions
➢ an expression that can be written as the
ratio of two polynomials :
Examples:
2 5
𝑥 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 3
2 𝑥+1 𝑥−3
 Rational Equations
➢ an equation involving rational expressions:
Examples:
6 𝑥 5
2𝑥 − = x =
𝑥 3 6

3 5𝑤 4 2𝑥 1
− = = − 3𝑥
6𝑤 10𝑤 3 𝑤 2 5 3
 Rational Inequalities
➢ an inequality involving rational expressions:
Examples:
5 2 𝑥+1
≤ ≤0
𝑥−3 𝑥 𝑥−5
2 2
𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 3 𝑥 − 16
>0 < 0
𝑥−1 (𝑥 − 1)2
 Rational Functions
➢ A rational function is a function of the form:
𝑝(𝑥)
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑞(𝑥)
➢ where 𝑝 𝑥 and 𝑞 𝑥 are polynomial functions
➢𝑞 𝑥 is not a zero function (𝑞 𝑥 ≠ 0)
➢ the domain of 𝑓 𝑥 is the set of all values of x
where 𝑞(𝑥) ≠ 0
 Rational Functions
➢ Examples:
2𝑥 − 4 𝑥−1
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 2
𝑥+2 𝑥 −9

3 8
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥−5 𝑥 − 1 (𝑥 + 3)
 Domain and Range of Rational Functions
Domain of a function is the set of all possible values x.
Range of a function is the set of all possible values y.

𝒑(𝒙)
Domain of a rational function 𝒇 𝒙 = is
𝒒(𝒙)
all the values of x that will not make 𝑞 𝑥
equal to zero.

To get the range of a rational function is by

finding the domain of the inverse function.
Domain and Range of Rational Functions
Steps:
Domain: To find the domain, set the
denominator equal to zero and solve.

Range: To find the range, replace f(x)

with y, then solve for the value/s of x.
 Domain and Range of Rational Functions
𝟐𝒙
Example 1: 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙−𝟓
Domain: To find the Range: To find the range,
domain, set the replace f(x) with y, then
denominator equal to solve for the value/s of x.
zero and solve.
𝟐𝒙
𝒚= 𝟓𝒚
𝒙−𝟓=𝟎 𝒙−𝟓 𝒙=
𝒙=𝟓 𝒚−𝟐
𝒚 𝒙 − 𝟓 = 𝟐𝒙
𝒙≠𝟓 𝒙𝒚 − 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 𝒚−𝟐=𝟎
The domain of 𝒚=𝟐 𝒚≠𝟐
f(x) is the set of all 𝒙𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟓𝒚
real numbers The range of f(x) is
except 5. 𝒙(𝒚 − 𝟐) = 𝟓𝒚 the set of all real
numbers except 2.
 Domain and Range of Rational Functions
𝟐
Example 2: 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙−𝟑
Domain: To find the Range: To find the range,
domain, set the replace f(x) with y, then
denominator equal to solve for the value/s of x.
zero and solve.
𝟐
𝒚= 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟐
𝒙−𝟑=𝟎 𝒙−𝟑 𝒙=
𝒙=𝟑 𝒚
𝒚 𝒙−𝟑 =𝟐
𝒙≠𝟑 𝒚=𝟎
The domain of
𝒙𝒚 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟐
𝒚≠𝟎
f(x) is the set of all
real numbers 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚
The range of f(x) is
except 3.
𝒙𝒚 = 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟐 the set of all real
numbers except 0.
 Domain and Range of Rational Functions
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐
Example 3: 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙+𝟓
Domain: To find the Range: To find the range,
domain, set the replace f(x) with y, then
denominator equal to solve for the value/s of x.
zero and solve.
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒙(𝒚 − 𝟑) = −𝟓𝒚 + 𝟐
𝒙+𝟓=𝟎 𝒚=
𝒙+𝟓 −𝟓𝒚 + 𝟐
𝒙 = −𝟓 𝒙=
𝒚 𝒙 + 𝟓 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒚−𝟑
𝒙 ≠ −𝟓 𝒚−𝟑=𝟎
𝒙𝒚 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐
The domain of 𝒚≠𝟑
f(x) is the set of all 𝒙𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟐 − 𝟓𝒚
real numbers The range of f(x) is
the set of all real
except -5. 𝒙𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙 = −𝟓𝒚 + 𝟐 numbers except 3.
 Domain and Range of Rational Functions
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔
Example 4: 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙+𝟒
Domain: To find the Range: To find the range,
domain, set the replace f(x) with y, then
denominator equal to solve for the value/s of x.
zero and solve.
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔 𝒚 + 𝟒 = −4
𝒙+𝟒=𝟎 𝒚=
𝒙+𝟒
𝒙 = −𝟒 (𝒙 − 𝟒)(𝒙 + 𝟒) 𝒚 = −𝟒 − 𝟒
𝒚=
𝒙 ≠ −𝟒 (𝒙 + 𝟒) 𝒚 = −𝟖
The domain of 𝒚=𝒙−𝟒 The range of f(x) is
f(x) is the set of all the set of all real
real numbers numbers except -8.
except -4.
𝒚+𝟒=𝒙
 Intercepts and Asymptotes
Intercepts: x- intercept and y-intercept

x- intercept y- intercept
✓ Set 𝒚 = 𝟎 ✓ Set 𝒚 = 𝟎
✓ Solve for x ✓ Solve for y
Example: 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒
x- intercept

𝟎 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 𝒙 = 𝟐 (𝟐, 𝟎)
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟒 𝒙=𝟐𝒚=𝟎
 Intercepts and Asymptotes
Example: 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒
x- intercept y- intercept
✓ Set 𝒚 = 𝟎 ✓ Set 𝒙 = 𝟎
✓ Solve for x ✓ Solve for y

𝟎 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 𝒚 = 𝟐(𝟎) − 𝟒
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟒 𝒚=𝟎−𝟒
𝒙=𝟐 𝒚 = −𝟒
𝒙=𝟐𝒚=𝟎 𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒚 = −𝟒
(𝟐, 𝟎) (𝟎, −𝟒)
 Intercepts and Asymptotes
𝒙+𝟕
Example: 𝒚=
𝒙−𝟓
x- intercept y- intercept
✓ Set 𝒚 = 𝟎
✓ Solve for x ✓ Set 𝒙 = 𝟎
✓ Solve for y
𝒙+𝟕
𝟎= 𝟎+𝟕
𝒙−𝟓 𝒚=
𝟎−𝟓
𝟎=𝒙+𝟕 +𝟕 𝟕
𝒙 = −𝟕 𝒚=
−𝟓 (𝟎, − )
𝟕 𝟓
(−𝟕, 𝟎) 𝒚=−
𝟓
 Intercepts and Asymptotes

Horizontal Asymptote Vertical Asymptote

𝒏<𝒎 𝑯𝑨: 𝒚 = 𝟎 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆
𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒐 𝟎
𝒂
𝒏=𝒎 𝑯𝑨: 𝒚 =
𝒃
𝒏>𝒎 𝑵𝒐 𝑯𝑨
 Intercepts and Asymptotes
𝟕
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙−𝟓
Horizontal Asymptote Vertical Asymptote

𝒏=𝟎𝒎=𝟏 𝒙−𝟓=𝟎

𝒚=𝟎 𝒙=𝟓
 Intercepts and Asymptotes

Horizontal Asymptote Vertical Asymptote

𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔 𝟓
𝒚=𝟗 𝒇 𝒙 = +𝟓 𝒙=−
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓 𝟑

𝒏=𝟏𝒎=𝟏 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓 = 𝟎
𝟏𝟐
𝒚= +𝟓 𝟑𝒙 = −𝟓
𝟑 𝟓
𝒚=𝟒+𝟓 𝒙=−
𝟑
𝒚=𝟗