Assignment

Course: iEmergence iof iBangladesh

Course iCode: iGEN226 i
Section: i03
Semester: iSummer-2020

Submitted to: i

Instructor: iRuhun iWasata

Senior iLecturer i
Department iof iSocial iRelations
East iWest iUniversity

Submitted by: i

Name: iUmma iSalma iPinkey

ID iNo: i2017-1-10-050
Department iof iBusiness iAdministration
East iWest iUniversity

Date of Submission: 20th September, 2020

i i i i i
 An Story about Unity of Bengali Muslim
i i i i i i

Until ithe ilate inineteenth icentury, ithe ivast imajority iof iBengali iMuslims iwere i‘more ia ipart iof ithe
i larger iBengali icommunity icomprising iHindus, iMuslims, iBuddhists, iand ianimists ithan iany

ispecific iIslamic icommunity’. iIn ithe i statement ihere isaid ithat i majority iof ithe iBengali i community i is

iMuslim iand iI iam iagreeing iwith ithis istatement. iBecause iBengali iMuslims iare ian iethnic, i linguistic

iand ireligious ipopulation iwho i make iup ithe i majority iof iBangladesh's icitizens iand ithe i largest

i minority i in ithe iIndian istates iof iWest iBengal iand i Assam. iThey iare iBengalis iwho iadhere ito iIslam

iand ispeak ithe iBengali i language. iThey i form ithe i largest iBengali iand ithe i second i largest iMuslim

iethnic igroup iin ithe iworld iafter i Arab iMuslims. i

Partition iof iBengal, i1905 ieffected ion i16 iOctober iduring ithe iviceroyalty iof ilord iCurzon i(1899-
1905), iproved ito ibe ia imomentous ievent iin ithe ihistory iof imodern iBengal. iThis ipremier iprovince
igrew itoo ivast ifor iefficient iadministration iand irequired ireorganization iand i intelligent idivision.

iProposals i for ipartitioning iBengal iwere i first iconsidered i in i1903. iThe inew iprovince iwas ito ibe

icalled i'Eastern iBengal iand i Assam' iwith i its icapital iat iDhaka iand isubsidiary i headquarters iat

iChittagong. iIt iwould icover ian iarea iof i106,540 isq. i miles iwith ia ipopulation iof i31 i million

icomprising i18 i million iMuslims iand i12 i million i Hindus. iIts iadministration iwould iconsist iof ia

iLegislative iCouncil, ia iBoard iof iRevenue iof itwo imembers, iand ithe i jurisdiction iof ithe iCalcutta

iHigh iCourt iwould i be i left iundisturbed. iThe igovernment ipointed iout ithat ithe inew iprovince iwould

ihave ia iclearly idemarcated iwestern iboundary iand iwell idefined igeographical, iethnological,

i linguistic iand isocial icharacteristics. iThe i most istriking i feature iof ithe inew iprovince iwas ithat iit

iwould iconcentrate iwithin i its iown i bounds ithe i hitherto iignored iand i neglected itypical i homogenous

iMuslim ipopulation iof iBengal. iBesides, ithe iwhole i of ithe itea i industry i(except iDarjeeling), iand ithe

igreater iportion iof ithe i jute igrowing iarea iwould ibe i brought iunder ia i single iadministration. iThe

igovernment iof iIndia ipromulgated itheir i final idecision i in ia iResolution idated i19 iJuly i1905 iand ithe

iPartition iof iBengal iwas ieffected ion i16 iOctober iof ithe isame i year. iTheir iprincipal i motive i is ito

iweaken ia iunited iparty iagainst ithe igovernment. iThe ipartition ianimated ithe iMuslims ito iform itheir

iown inational iorganization ialong ion icommunal i lines. i. iThere iwere iseveral ireasons i behind

ifracture/division iamong ithis iunity iamong i Bengali i political i leaders iand i mass ipopulation iare:

• The ireason ifor ithe ipartition iwas iall iadministrative

• Bengal iwas ias ilarge ias iFrance iand ihad ia isignificantly ilarger ipopulation iCurzon ihad istated
ithat ithe ieastern iregion iwas i neglected iand iunder-governed iand ihence, i by isplitting ithe iprovince, ian

i improved iadministration icould i be iestablished ithere.

• The iother ireason ifor ipartition iis ibelieved ito ibe ithat ithe iHindus iwere iin ia ibetter iposition iin
iterms iof ieconomic i status iand iprofessional iqualities ithan ithe iMuslims; iand iduring ithe ipre-Sepoy

iMutiny iperiod, iHindu itraders ihad igreatly i helped ithe iBritish iwhile itheir iMuslim icounterparts idid
inot. iThis ihad imade ithe iBritish iangry. iHence, ithe ibenefits iof iWestern ieducation iwere igiven ionly ito
ithe iHindus iand inot ithe iMuslims.

The iPartition iof iBengal iin i1947, ipart iof ithe iPartition iof iIndia, idivided ithe iBritish iIndian iprovince
iof iBengal i based ion ithe iRadcliffe i Line i between iIndia iand iPakistan. iPredominantly iHindu i West

iBengal i became ia i state iof iIndia, iand ipredominantly i Muslim iEast iBengal i(now iBangladesh)

ibecame ia iprovince iof iPakistan. iHowever, ithe idisagreements ibetween iHindus iand i Muslims i in

iBengal iwhich i had isparked ithe iPartition iof iBengal i in i1905 istill iremained iand i laws, i including ithe

iPartition iof iBengal i in i1947, iwere i implemented ito ifulfil ithe ipolitical i needs iof ithe iparties i involved.

iAfter i it i became iapparent ithat ithe idivision iof iIndia ion ithe i basis iof ithe itwo-nation itheory iwould

ialmost icertainly iresult i in ithe ipartition iof ithe iBengal iprovince ialong ireligious i lines, ithe iBengal

iprovincial iMuslim iLeague i leader iHuseyn iShaheed iSuhrawardy icame iup iwith ia i new iplan ito icreate

ian i independent iBengal istate ithat iwould i join i neither iPakistan i nor iIndia iand iremain ipartitioned.

iSuhrawardy irealized ithat iif iBengal iwas ipartitioned, iit iwould ibe ieconomically idisastrous ifor iEast

iBengal ias iall icoal i mines, iall i jute i mills ibut itwo iand i other i industrial iplants iwould icertainly igo ito ithe

iwestern ipart isince ithey i were i in ian iOverwhelmingly-Hindu iarea. i Most iimportantly, iCalcutta, ithen

ithe ilargest icity i in iIndia, ian i industrial iand icommercial i hub iand ithe i largest iport, iwould ialso igo ito

ithe iwestern ipart. iSuhrawardy i floated ihis i idea ion i24 iApril i1947 iat ia ipress iconference i in iDelhi. i

In iMarch i1947 iLouis iMountbatten ibecame ithe ilast iviceroy iof iBritish iIndia, iwith ia imandate ito
itransfer ipowers. iAs iplans iwere i being i formulated ifor ithe ipartition iof iIndia, iMohammed i Ali

iJinnah, ia i leading i figure iof ithe iMuslim iLeague, iadvocated ifor ithe i formation iof ia iunited iBengal;

iMountbatten iwas i not iagainst ithe i idea, i but iMahatma iGandhi iand ithe iCongress iParty iopposed i it.

iWhen iBritish icolonial irule iended i in i August i1947, itwo inew icountries iIndia iand iPakistan iwere

iborn, iand iBengal iwas isplit i between ithem. iWest iBengal i went ito iIndia, iand iEast iBengal i formed ithe

ieastern iwing iof iPakistan, iwhich iwas i bisected i by ia i vast itract iof i northern iIndia.

Lord iCurzon

Curzon, ialso icalled i(1898–1911) iBaron iCurzon iof iKedleston ior i(1911–21) iEarl iCurzon iof
iKedleston, iborn iJanuary i11, i1859, iKedleston iHall, iDerbyshire, iEngland—died i March i20, i1925,

iLondon, iBritish istatesman, iviceroy iof iIndia i(1898–1905), iand i foreign i secretary i(1919–24) iwho

iduring i his iterms i in ioffice iplayed ia i major irole i in iBritish ipolicy i making. iPartition iof iBengal,

i(1905), idivision iof iBengal icarried iout iby ithe iBritish i viceroy i in iIndia, iLord iCurzon, idespite istrong

iIndian i nationalist iopposition. iIt ibegan ia itransformation iof ithe iIndian iNational iCongress i from ia

i middle-class ipressure igroup i into ia inationwide i mass i movement.

 (11 iJanuary i1859 i– i20 iMarch i1925)

A. iK. iFazlul iHuq

Abul iKasem iFazlul iHuq ipopularly iknown ias iSher-e-Bangla i(Tiger iof iBengal), iwas ia iBengali
istatesman iand i jurist iwho iserved ias ithe i first iPrime iMinister iof iBengal iand i later ias ithe iHome

iMinister iof iPakistan. i A ikey i figure i in iPakistan iMovement, iwidely iremembered i for ipresenting

iPakistan iResolution, i he iplayed i major ipolitical i roles i in iBritish iIndia iand i later i in iPakistan

i(including iEast iPakistan, itoday's iBangladesh) iand i held i various iother ipolitical ioffices. iA. i K.

iFazlul iHuq iwas i first ielected ito ithe iBengal i Legislative iCouncil i from iDhaka i in i1913; iand iserved ion

ithe icouncil i for i21 i years iuntil i1934.He iwas ia i member iof ithe iCentral iLegislative i Assembly i for i2

i years, i between i1934 iand i1936. iFor i10 iyears ibetween i1937 iand i1947, ihe iwas ian ielected i member

iof ithe iBengal iLegislative iAssembly, iwhere ihe iwas iPrime iMinister iand i Leader iof ithe iHouse i for i6

i years. iHe iwas i later ielected ito ithe iEast iBengal iLegislative i Assembly, iwhere i he iwas iChief iMinister

ifor i2 imonths; iand ito ithe iConstituent iAssembly iof iPakistan, iwhere ihe iwas iHome iMinister ifor i1

i year, i in ithe i1950s.

 (26 iOctober i1873-27 iApril i1962)

In iconclusion, iBengal iwas ipartitioned ifor ithe isecond itime iin i1947, isolely ion ireligious igrounds, ias
ipart iof ithe iPartition iof iIndia i following ithe i formation iof ithe i nation’s iIndia iand iPakistan. iIn i1955,

iEast iBengal ibecame iEast iPakistan, iand i in i1971 i became ithe i independent istate iof iBangladesh.

**End**