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A Communicative Approach
to Russian Language, Life, and Culture
Marita Nummikoski
This book was set in 12/14 Minion Pro by PreMedia Global and printed and bound by Quad/Graphics.
This book is printed on acid free paper. `
Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more
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citizenship.
Copyright © 2012, 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
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United States, please contact your local representative.
ISBN: 978-0-470-64632-8
BRV ISBN: 978-0-470-92091-6
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments iii
Christina Bethin, Stony Brook University, State University of New York;
Arna Bronstein, University of New Hampshire; Galina Buchina, American
University; Charles Byrd, University of Georgia; Julie A. Cassiday, Williams
College; William J. Comer, University of Kansas; Annalisa Czeczulin, Johns
Hopkins University; Andriy Danylenko, Pace University; Lisa Di Bartolomeo,
West Virginia University; Irina Dolgaleva, Tidewater Community College,
Virginia Beach; Robert O. Efird, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University; Elisabeth Elliott, Northwestern University; Elena Farkas,
University of Alaska; Aleksandra Fleszar, University of New Hampshire; Curt
Ford, University of South Carolina; Arlene Forman, Oberlin College; Sandra
Freels, Portland State University; Alyssa Gillespie, University of Notre Dame;
Laura Goering, Carleton College; Anneta Greenlee, New York University;
Valentina Iepuri, University of Mississippi; Irina Ivliyeva, Missouri University
of Science and Technology; Katya Kats, Skidmore College; Ingrid Kleespies,
University of Florida; Laura Kline, Wayne State University; Ekaterina
Korsunsky, New York University; Alexandra Kostina, Rhodes College;
Elena Kostoglodova, University of Colorado; Jasna Krizanec, Forest Park
Community College; James Levine, George Mason University; Joseph Liro,
Austin Community College, Rio Grande Campus; Lisa C. Little, University of
California, Berkeley; Nancy Loncke, Santa Monica College; Michael Long,
Baylor University; Jonathan Ludwig, Rice University; Svitlana Malykhina,
University of Massachussets, Boston; Gerald McCausland, University of
Pittsburgh; Katia McClain, University of California, Santa Barbara; Nicole
Monnier, University of Missouri; Joseph Mozur, University of South Alabama;
Aned Muniz, Grossmont College; Tatyana Munsey, Roanoke College; Jamilya
Nazyrova, Ohio University; Katya Nemtchinova, Seattle Pacific University;
Alexander Ogden, University of South Carolina; Natalia Olshanskaya,
Kenyon College; Nadya Peterson, Hunter College of City University of New
York; Nancy Petrov, Tufts University, Medford Campus; Ludmila Pokatilova,
Colorado State University; Elena Prokhorova, College of William and Mary;
Alfia Rakova, Dartmouth College; Marina Richaud, American University;
Benjamin Rifkin, The College of New Jersey; Marc Robinson, St. Olaf College;
Robert Romanchuk, Florida State University; Cynthia Ruder, University of
Kentucky; Valeria Sajez, Lafayette College; Valentina Sanders, University
at Buffalo, State University of New York; Ekaterina Schnittke, Pasadena
City College; Kristine Shmakov, Portland Community College; Catherine
Spitzer, Saint Anselm College; Julia Titus, Yale University; Edward Vajda,
Western Washington University; Zhanna Vernola, University of Maryland,
College Park; Rachick Virabyan, University of Oklahoma; Valeriya Voronina,
Flathead Valley Community College; Ronald Walter, University of Minnesota;
Adam Weiner, Wellesley College.
iv Acknowledgments
Preface
Preface v
◆ Culture is both intertwined in the material itself and presented in
separate cultural notes. Troika aims at comparing and contrasting
cultures, rather than presenting the target culture only. Information is
given about famous people, facts, geography, traditions, and history
of the country, and students are asked to give the corresponding
information about their own country.
◆ Readings are placed within the topics, rather than in separate sections.
◆ Illustrations in Troika are humorous and cater to the needs of visual learners.
◆ Highlighted information boxes stand out from the rest of the text and
serve as conversation guidelines for students.
Readings
Readings appear where they are most applicable to the theme. They also
serve as a break from the routine of oral activities.
Dialogues and monologues are based on the chapter vocabulary, with
only a few glossed vocabulary items. They can be used for all-class discus-
sion, questions and answers, or retelling, revising, and summarizing.
Writing Activities
Writing activities are in the student activities manual, and therefore the
topic presentation section does not specify writing activities. However, the
teacher can opt to assign several of the oral activities as written work.
vi Preface
Chapter Review
The Chapter Review lists the conversational structures with which the
students should be familiar. In addition, the Chapter Review includes
roleplays and group activities based on the entire chapter.
Extra Sections
The Extra section does not appear in each chapter. It contains authentic or
slightly modified readings with accompanying questions.
Word Building
The Word Building section deals with roots, prefixes, suffixes, and other
aspects of Russian word formation relevant to the chapter.
Grammar
The Grammar contains detailed explanations to the information boxes in
the topic presentation section. To maximize the classroom time allocated
for communication practice, grammar is intended to be self-instructional.
In practice, however, a varying amount of grammar instruction may be
necessary in the classroom, depending on the level of the students and on
the teacher’s preferred teaching style. All the exercises are direct drill-type
applications of the grammar topics explored in the chapter. They are also
available as self-correcting online exercises.
Vocabulary
The Vocabulary is organized by categories, which helps students to recognize
the parts of speech while providing a quick review of the vocabulary in
the chapter. Vocabulary learned in previous chapters reappears frequently
throughout the book. The core vocabulary of the chapter is boldfaced. In
this edition, the vocabulary is also available as audio flashcards.
End Matter
The end matter of Troika consists of a grammar reference, glossaries,
indexes, and ending charts.
◆ Grammar Reference. This section presents information in chart form
about numbers, indefinite pronouns and adverbs, the relationship
between location and direction, prepositions and their cases, and time
expressions. A new section on the use of cases was added to this edition.
◆ Russian-English and English-Russian Glossaries. Troika also has
helpful Russian-English and English-Russian glossaries to help students
master vocabulary.
Preface vii
◆ Verb Reference. Troika’s verb reference has notes on aspect pairs and
translations for the verbs that are introduced in the book, as well as
other thematic elements.
◆ Indexes. The grammar index lists the grammatical topics and is cross-
referenced to the corresponding sections in the Grammar within the
chapters. The Index by Topic and Function has separate sections for
cultural differences and proper behavior, cultural information, skills,
categories of vocabulary, language functions, and language topics. The
Index by Topic and Function can also be used as an overall review of
the book.
◆ Ending Charts. The ending charts are located on the back endpapers
of Troika for easy reference. Some charts are presented in a simplified
form, and it is assumed that students have studied the rules for
selecting the correct ending in the corresponding Grammar sections.
The spelling rules are also on the back endpapers.
viii Preface
For the Instructor
◆ Textbook and Activities Manual Answer Keys. Detailed answer keys
and instructor annotations are available to the instructor.
◆ Textbook Audio Script. The script is available for all recordings of the
main text.
◆ Chapter Exams and Answer Keys. There are eighteen exams covering
the material presented in each chapter.
◆ Test Bank. A test bank allows instructors to create their own
customized exams covering each of the four ACTFL skills.
◆ PowerPoint Presentations. Each chapter comes with an interactive
multimedia-based presentation program. It includes graphics, photos,
text, sound, and explanation screens. It is intended as a tool for the
teacher to use in the classroom for presentation of new material and for
communication practice.
◆ Image Gallery. All the images in the text are available in an online gallery.
◆ Sample Syllabi. There are sample syllabi available to help instructors
design their courses with Troika.
◆ Suggestions for Distance Learning. Many users of Troika have inquired
about suggestions for teaching with the text in hybrid or online courses.
◆ Transparencies. Transparencies may be ordered for use in the
classroom.
Video Program
Troika has two sets of videos, interview videos and cultural videos. The
interview videos are authentic interviews with Russians. There are eighteen
interviews, one for each chapter in Troika. The videos are accompanied by
exercises. The cultural videos are a travelogue of an American student group
in Moscow and St. Petersburg. There are nine cultural videos on such topics
as the Kremlin, student housing, and the university.
Laboratory Audio
The accompanying audio to the Activities Manual includes listening
comprehension exercises and oral drills.
Preface ix
Respondus Test Bank
Through the Wiley Resource Kit, instructors can also create their own
customized, computerized exams online. Grades are recorded in the Wiley
Resource Kit’s online grade book.
Group Quia
Writing Video
Abbreviations
acc. accusative interj. interjection (e.g., Oh!)
adj. adjective M, m. masculine
adv. adverb N, n. neuter
collect num. collective number nom. nominative
colloq. colloquial Pl., pl. plural
dat. dative poss. possessive pronoun
gen. genitive prep. prepositional
imp. imperative sg. singular
impf. imperfect soft adj. soft adjective
instr. instrumental subst. adj. substantivized adjective
x Preface
Contents
Acknowledgments iii
Preface v
Contents xi
2 û 2 1-3 ? 37
ТHEMES CULTURE STRUCTURES
◆ Describing foreign ◆ The Russian language ◆ Personal pronouns: Subject
language skills around the world and object forms
◆ Introducing family ◆ Grandparents ◆ Verb conjugation: Groups I
members, friends, ◆ Russian families and II
and teachers ◆ Negative sentences
◆ Patronymics
◆ Making compliments ◆ Intonation in questions
◆ Boyfriends and girlfriends
◆ Conjunctions , а, and но
◆ Adverbs versus adjectives:
x4 &/ 4
◆ Possessive pronouns:
Masculine and feminine
◆ Nouns of nationality
◆ Adjective agreement:
Masculine and feminine
xii Contents
4 9 % 14(? 93
THEMES CULTURE STRUCTURES
◆ Describing your city ◆ Moscow ◆ Personal pronouns
◆ Asking for directions ◆ St. Petersburg ◆ Demonstrative pronouns
◆ Expressing location ◆ Russian housing 7 and
◆ Describing things in the ◆ Inside an apartment ◆ Verbs o2:,
plural %0<:, and %
(%3)
◆ Describing your house
or apartment ◆ Prepositional case of
singular nouns
◆ Nominative plural of nouns
◆ Nominative plural of
adjectives
◆ Plural of possessive and
demonstrative pronouns
Contents xiii
6 0 4 2 3(? 153
ТHEMES CULTURE STRUCTURES
◆ Talking about working ◆ Professions: Prestige ◆ The verb ž
and going to school and gender ◆ Negative sentences
◆ Filling out applications ◆ Calendars ◆ The verb (2:
◆ Talking about work and ◆ Acronyms ◆ Prepositional case (singular):
study schedules Adjectives, and possessive
and demonstrative pronouns
◆ Prepositional case of
personal pronouns
◆ Prepositional case (plural):
Nouns
◆ Prepositional case (plural):
Adjectives, and possessive
and demonstrative pronouns
◆ Time expressions: Days of
the week and (For) How
many hours?
Contents xv
10 9 0 3(? 281
ТHEMES CULTURE STRUCTURES
◆ Talking about places ◆ Education in Russia ◆ Prepositional case: Review
to study ◆ Colleges and divisions ◆ Ordinal numbers
◆ Talking about college-level ◆ Majors and year levels ◆ .%(< versus (2:
studies and %<:
◆ Getting into a university
◆ Talking about languages ◆ Nouns with parallel
◆ Different kinds of exams
◆ Talking about admission modifiers
◆ Russian grading system
procedures, teachers, and ◆
3 & :%² versus
course work ◆ Good-luck wishes
1-3
◆ Discussing student ◆ Dormitories
◆ The genitive case (singular):
accommodations ◆ Secondary education Nouns, adjectives,
◆ Discussing secondary and possessive and
education demonstrative pronouns
◆ Substantivized adjectives
and measurements A 0
e To express absence: .<
◆ Comparing prices
4
◆ Shopping for food e With quantity and
measurement: ²
<, 200 ²,
4 , 4, <,
4 , A
◆ Syntax:
e Accusative versus
nominative
e $ž&/ž and
!0&/!
xvi Contents
12 6 0 3 A 4? 343
THEMES CULTURE STRUCTURES
◆ Describing past activities ◆ Telephone etiquette ◆ Verbal aspect: Overview
◆ Describing future activities ◆ Verbal aspect in the past
◆ Talking about TV and tense
movie schedules ◆ Verbal aspect in the
◆ Making invitations consecutive action
◆ Talking on the telephone ◆ Verbal aspect in the future
tense
◆ Going to the theater
◆ Verbs of motion
◆ Animate accusative
(singular)
Contents xvii
14 <: %< 3 14? 425
ТHEMES CULTURE STRUCTURES
◆ Talking about the weather ◆ The climate of Russia ◆ Syntax: impersonal
◆ The Russian view of nature ◆ Nature and the seasons versus noun + adjective
constructions: 4:
◆ Discussing weather-related ◆ The White Nights
activities 4/4: 14
◆ «+# A 4
◆ Irregular comparative of
0 <»
adjectives and adverbs
◆ Climatic zones and animals
◆ Emphasis with 4
◆ Impersonal constructions/
physical and emotional
conditions: #< ,
A
◆ Necessity with <
◆ If clauses: future
◆ Syntax: 4& versus
◆ Soft adjectives
xviii Contents
16 9 0 3 A? 497
THEMES CULTURE STRUCTURES
◆ Talking about food ◆ Typical Russian ingredients ◆ Instrumental case of nouns,
◆ Table manners and setting and dishes adjectives, and possessive,
the table ◆ Recipes for salads demonstrative, and
◆ Deciding where to eat ◆ How food is served personal pronouns
and drink ◆ Substantivized adjectives
◆ Home entertainment
◆ Making reservations ◆ Short adjectives
◆ At the restaurant
◆ Ordering food ◆ Toasting
Contents xix
18 0 8 (3? 569
ТHEMES CULTURE STRUCTURES
◆ Describing your physical ◆ Health care in Russia ◆ Syntax: Expressing
appearance ◆ Folk medicine resemblance or similarity
◆ Complaining about with похžж and такžй же
◆ The Russian bathhouse –
your health <: ◆ The reflexive pronoun 8
◆ Making health ◆ Impersonal constructions
recommendations 4(: and 12:
◆ Expressing feelings ◆ Impersonal constructions
and empathy with í<î, íŸæíî, ìžæíî,
◆ Going to the doctor and íåëüç8
xx Contents
=Ÿ*#' a->ķ
The Alphabet
The Russian alphabet was devised by a monk, St. Cyril, who was born
in Thessaloniki, Greece, around a.d. 827. The Russian alphabet is now
called Cyrillic in honor of St. Cyril.
g gun
u boom
d door f far
e, ye yet X kh loch
yo New York ts cats
zh measure ch child
z zoo ! sh shine
"# i eel $% shch fresh cheese
&' y boy ( (hard sign) (no sound)
)* k ski + i hill
,- l lock . (soft sign) (no sound)
/0 m man 12 e set
34 n noise 56 yu university
78 o or 9: ya yard
;< p spin
Ÿ a
ķ 1
1. The Cyrillic alphabet is relatively easy to read. Try to read the following
Note: Unstressed о is
list of American states in Russian. pronounced [a] or [ә].
1. @ 5. B->@0> 8. "4#@4> See the section Notes
2. /84 @4> 6. /#44C > 9. )>-#CD4#: on Pronunciation for
3. )8-8D@8 7. BD#C4> 10. -8Dķ>
details.
4. 7*->C0>
There are 33 characters in the Cyrillic alphabet, some of which are the same
as in English.
SAME AS ENGLISH
Russian letter Aa Ee
English equivalent a e k m o t
2 Ÿ a
ķ
5. The following Russian words sound very much like English.
1. At home children have a 0@0> and <@<>.
2. In your room you have a -@0<> and D@#8.
3. A teenager’s best friend is the -C4.
4. To get money you go to a >4*.
5. When your car is broken you may need to take a >*ķ.
6. At the zoo you can see a ->0ķ48, a тигр, and a ED>.
INTERESTING S-SOUNDS
)* has the approximate sound of s in pleasure, usually. @44> is
zh a girl’s name. #D@ is an animal you might see at the zoo.
You can read a
D4@-. The person who writes in one is a
D4>-ķ .
+- sounds like the last two letters in cats. An African insect that
ts causes sleeping disease is called a E fly. When Russian
children want to see clowns they go to the #D*.
./ looks like the number 4. It is pronounced like ch in child. The
ch Russian spelling of the name Charlie is @D-#.
01 is pronounced like sh in shine. All Russian children over six
sh years of age go to a !*C->.
23 looks like the previous letter with a tail. It is pronounced like
shch the combination of sh and ch in fresh cheese. The famous
Russian red beet soup is called 8D%.
7. Russians spell English names the way they are pronounced. For instance,
Chelsea would be spelled š-# in Russian. Try to match the English
names with the corresponding Russian spellings.
1. >D- Jim 5. #0 Charles
2. 84 Sean 6. John
3. 84 Michelle 7. @D-8 Sharon
4. ED84 Charlotte 8. /#!E- Jeff
Ÿ a
ķ 3
THE YO-, YU-, YA- GROUP
45 looks like the letter e with dots on. It is pronounced like yo
yo in New York. The two dots on top are optional and are used
mainly in language textbooks. The syllable with ё is always
stressed. A Russian Christmas tree is a -*>.
67 looks like the number 10. It is pronounced yu, as in yule.
yu Russians also have a sense of I08D (humor).
89 looks like a backwards r. It has the sound of ya, as in yard.
ya 9
@D is a large cat and also a make of car.
8. When the letters 5, 7, or 9 are not at the beginning of the word, the
sound resembles o, u, and a, respectively. Listen to the recording and
imitate the speaker’s pronunciation of the following Russian names in
which these letters appear in different positions.
1. B-!> 6. B4DI!>
2. 8D 7. 9*8
3. 5D> 8. 9!>
4. 5-#: 9. C4:
5. )> I!> 10. )C-:
ADDITIONAL SOUNDS
" *D@ *8, short i, looks like with a hat on. It is pronounced
у like the letter у in boy. In @ you can often see a *8C'
(cowboy). " *D@ *8 is often used in combination with other
vowels, for example:
>', ', #', 8',
', +'
The hat on top of the letter is not optional, unlike the dots on
the letter 5.
< looks as though it is formed of two parts. It sounds like the
i letter i in hill. This letter never starts a word.
-ķ8D< televisions -C4< telephones
=> 88D8 4C, the “backwards e” is pronounced like the e in set.
e It is used mostly at the beginning of a word. If your first name
starts with an [e] sound, you should use this letter.
1-#4CD 1D#4
1D#* 1-ķ>
4 Ÿ a
ķ
9. Listen to the recording and imitate the speaker’s pronunciation of the
following Russian words.
0@'*> T-shirt #E 4+' famous
*>4>DE'*> canary -ķ8D+ televisions
0
E' museum DŸ* + fruit
DŸ*#' Russian DK> fish
<-8C' bad L 8 this
<8@-
' perhaps 1 C4#: Estonia
SPELLING SIGNS
? /¿*#' 4>* (soft sign) does not have a sound of its own. It is
a spelling sign indicating that the preceding consonant is soft,
or palatalized (more about this in the Notes on Pronunciation).
7-.> is a common first name for women. Do not confuse the
soft sign with the letters
, , and <.
@ D+' 4>* (hard sign) is sometimes used as a separating sign bet-
ween the prefix and the stem of a word. Very few words have this sign.
10. Listen to the recording and imitate the speaker’s pronunciation of the
following Russian words.
7-.> Olga
<#@ -. writer
<#.0C letter
8-.!C' big
@ entrance (hard sign)
Notes on Pronunciation
Word Stress
The stress may fall on any syllable in a word. To help students pronounce
Russian correctly, the stressed syllable is marked with an accent on the
vowel. You can see the accent marks in textbooks, but not in materials
intended for native speakers. Russians do not normally write the accents. In
this textbook, the stress is marked except in monosyllabic words, and when
the stress falls on a capital letter.
C<D> (stress on the first syllable)
>* Dķ> (stress on the second syllable)
-C4 (stress on the third syllable)
Ÿ a
ķ 5
The syllable with 5 is always stressed, and therefore no accent mark is needed.
-*> (stress on the first syllable)
D> (stress on the second syllable)
Note: Do not confuse the accent mark on with the letter . The hat is
part of and should always be written, whereas the accent on is optional.
Compare the following:
*>D>4>!ķ (optional accent mark on the letter )
0
E' ( in a stressed syllable preceded by another vowel.
The stress mark on е is optional, but the hat on is
required)
The stressed syllable is pronounced with greater emphasis than the unstressed
syllable(s). The vowel in the stressed syllable is slightly longer and more
distinct than in unstressed syllables.
Ÿ a
ķ 7
Hard and Soft Consonants
Most Russian consonants have a soft (palatalized) and a hard (nonpalatalized)
variant and, therefore, two different pronunciations. The palatalized
consonants are pronounced with tongue high and forward in the mouth.
5. Listen to the pronunciation of the hard and soft variants of the following
consonants. Repeat after the recording.
8 Ÿ a
ķ
The Letters H, 5, 9, and 7 at the Beginning of Words
or After Another Vowel
The letters e, 5, 9, and 7 start with a distinct y-sound at the beginning of a
word and after another vowel.
8. Listen and repeat. Notice the difference between the letters > and H.
> H
=D#*> ]-E4>
^ 8 V-#
If your name is Eric, Elizabeth, Elinor, or the like, the Russian spelling
should start with an =; otherwise, your name will be mispronounced.
Ÿ a
ķ 9
Voiced and Voiceless Consonants
The distinction between voiced and voiceless consonants exists in many
languages, including English (b/p, v/f, d/t, etc.). Twelve Russian consonants
can be arranged into voiced and voiceless pairs.
voiced
voiceless < * !
10. Listen and repeat. If the second consonant is voiced, the first one is
pronounced voiced.
8 $E- [>-]
8*&@- [>>-]
If the second consonant is voiceless, the first one is pronounced
voiceless.
)>@ [*>>]
-C> [-8!*>]
10 Ÿ a
ķ
Cursive Writing Chart
Printed Italics Cursive
Aa Аа
Бб
Вb Lowercase в is а tall letter.
Ÿ a
ķ 11
Notes on Cursive Writing
1. Letters н, п, т, к
and are connected to the top. The left-side
downward stroke needs to stay intact.
папа, панда, нет, спорт, как, актриса,
артист
2. The Russian letter looks like this in cursive: д да, куда
3. Notice the difference between the letters г (rounded corners) and
ч (sharp corners).
друг, город чек, конечно
4. The upper case У does not extend below the line, unlike the lower
case у.
Университет тут, студент
5. The letter ц has a very small tail: цеце, пицца
6. в and б are the only tall letters.
август, вас банан, зебра
7. The soft sign is a small letter that looks like the number “six.” Do
not confuse it with the letter в.
ь день, писатель, очень
8. The letter ы looks like the soft sign with an extra line.
мы, bы, рыба, макароны
9. 1 has a circular shape with a line in the middle, whereas the upper-
case 3 looks like the number “three.” 3ина
1 is connected to the next letter from the middle: это
Since the word 2 8 is one of the first words you will learn, make
sure that you learn to write it correctly.
это, это, это
12 Ÿ a
ķ
л, м, and я have a “hook” in the front only.
10. The letters
Ÿ a
ķ 13
This page intentionally left blank
YJ 1 ('VY
< YJ)
&
_?
^? = (YH&$V.
^ ?
Ym Ym 5Y Ym
^ (YVY.
# , ^ Ym .
= Ym ? H, ^ (YV .
H, ^ H Ym , (YV .
16
YJ 1
1. = 5Y? Make up minidialogues using the names of famous
artists, actors, athletes, and presidents. Yоu сan start off with the
ideas below.
1 8 qYJ1 Y_ >D O . 1 8 (qJ Y_ >D O . 1 8 qYJ1 9 Y_ 9 >D O *>?
Adjectives of nationality
DV*#' DV*>:
>0D#*@4*#' >0D#*@4*>:
>4-O'*#' >4-O'*>:
*>4@*#' *>4@*>:
Adjectives of quality
1 8 "m
DO ?
8DC!#' 8DC!>:
4<-8C' 4<-8@:
<-8C' <-8@:
#E 4+' #E 4>:
&
_? 17
c
1 8 Y_ >D O ? # , Y_.
H, H Y_, HYQ.
c
1 8 DV*#' Ym? # , Ym.
H, H Ym, $V.
c
1 8 qYJ1 >D O ? # , J/H? qYJ1.
1.3 Intonation
2. = qYJ1 9 Ym .
А. The following chart names participants of а Russian-American cultural
ехchange program. Introduce the participants to your friend in Russian.
Model: ,E4> – 8DC!>: DV*>: >D O *>.
American group Russian group
athletes: 6@44> />D* @4: 5D>
artists: )L # 84 ,E4> CD:
actors: ,O4> 14D6 )@ :
DO!>
students: ,# ;8- 3> @!> "8D.
В. Уour friend does not seem to have а very good memory. Practice
questions and answers according to the model.
S1: ,E4> – (YV ?
3. = &
V< Ym. Names of foreign celebrities are often seen
in Russian newspapers. Read the following names. What are their
professions and nationalities? What do
8u think of them?
18
YJ 1
Asking Someone’s Name
4. H"J &
_? H5 &
_? q &
_?
А. Which question would you ask to get the following responses?
C//# 8V ...
1. – @4:. 3. – /O!>. 5. – "D> # ,@D>.
2. – /@!>. 4. – )C-:. 6. – 3 , 4 @4:, > C4:.
H{ &
_? H{ &
_ 9.
&
_? H{ &
_ 'Q
. / H{ &
_ .
20
YJ 1
Introductions
Russian children and teenagers often introduce most of whom do not have patronymics,
themselves with their first names (nickname) Russians sometimes omit their own patronymics
only, for ехаmрlе, @!>, 3> @!>. Adults use as well. Omitting patronymics, however, does
their full first names and patronymics (father’s not necessarily imply informal form of address.
name), for example B-*@4D ; DC#, Thus, the question What is your name? would
3> @-.: ; DC4>. When talking to foreigners, still be K>* > 8V ?
5. /H? (Y{. Explain the reason for formal and informal address in each
of the pictures and for the omission of the patronymic in picture (с).
( ) – H{ &
_? (b) –
&
_? () – H{ &
_ ]V .
– H{ &
_ J$9. – H{ &
_
Q
Q
/.
?
?
H{? – 'Q
. – .
– V . – /H? (Y{. – /H? (Y{.
6.
&
_? оr H{ &
_?
А. Which question would you use when addressing
1. а small child 4. your friend’s mother
2. your new teacher 5. а teenager
3. а new classmate
&
_? 21
7. H"J m9? H5 m9? Read the following names
and determine their gender. What would their spouses’ last names be?
.B.
ŧ-*#4 3.. BDŧ*8> /.".
#-8> .. 3ŧ
A Russian astro-
naut (> D84@ )
is called a cosmo-
naut (*8084@ ).
>-DO4> is
2. 1 q m female only. The
word for a male
3. (QH?
dancer is >4CD.
1. qHm (^
5. ( m
(&mY
6. (YVY
4. HYm
7. Q
1.9 Professions and Gender YQ
22
YJ 1
8. Hall of Fame.
A. Here are some famous Russians. Have conversations according
to the model.
S1: ) 8 >*C'
@DD# )><@D8?
S2: 1 8 #E 4+' DV*#' !>0> O .
or: S1: ) 8 >*@: B44> ;@-8>?
S2: 1 8 #E 4>: DV*>: >-DO4>.
1 q m:
@DD# )><@D8, B4> C-#' )@D<8
(QH?: 8D 8 8E*#', , 8- C'
(^: B-*@4D ;V!*#4, B44> B0@ 8>
(&mY: ; D >'*C*#', DE' =>0@4#48
Q
: 5D#'
>@D#4, >-4 O4> D!*C>
HYm , -JY: B44> ;@-8>, /#>O- >D²!4#*8
Ym/ : ->O0#D +C*#', B--> ;
>>
Greeting People
Formal Informal
&
_? 23
Addressing Teachers
If your teacher is native Russian, he or she the last name: 8<8O4 0# , 8<8@
is usually addressed with first name and
C0. In this case it is also possible to use
patronymic: B-*@4D ; DC#, 3O4> the words <D8E8D or C* 8D with the
; DC4>. Other wise, you may use the last name, for example, <D8E8D 0# or
words 8<8O4 (Mr.) or 8<8@ (Ms.) and C* 8D
C0.
9. %$YQ
H!
А. In how many different ways саn the missing captions be filled with greetings?
'Q
Q1 m Ym
6Y
mY 'HYJ
/ m Ym
$V (children) Q9
$HQ?
24
YJ 1
10. $HQ? Practice greeting your friends. How many different
variations can уоu make?
Men usually shake
S1: D@
', _______ ! hands when they meet,
whereas women just
S2: _______, _______. )>* -@? nod their heads. Men
S1: <>O8, _______. B
`? should not initiate
a handshake with
S2: _______.
women.
Chapter Review
А. Yоu should now be able to . . .
1. ask who somebody is
2. ask and answer yes-or-no questions about some
professions, nationality, and quality
З. ask someone’s name using formal and informal address For self-tests and additional practice,
4. respond to аn introduction please go to the Book Companion
Site, available at www.wiley.com/
5. differentiate between masculine and feminine last names college/nummikoski
For access to the videos, please go to
6. inquire about someone’s profession if the name is known the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
your access code at www.wiley.com/
7. greet people formally and informally at different times оf day college/wrk
C. Famous Russians. What are the professions of the following famous Russians?
1. B4> C-#' )@D<8 5. B44> B0@ 8> 9. B-*@4D ;V!*#4
2. ; D >'*C*#' 6. ->O0#D +C*#' 10. /#>O- >D²!4#*8
З. B44> ;@-8> 7. , 8- C'
4. >-4 O4> D!*C> 8. 0O D#' 8 >*C#
D. Situations.
1. At а restaurant with live music. Tell your Russian friend that уоu think the performing artist
(female) is pretty good. Then find out the singer’s nationality and name.
2. You have been assigned to host a Russian visitor in your city. Get acquainted with the person.
Do not forget the greeting.
3. Ask а little girl what her name is and then introduce yourself. Greet her first.
4. In the hallway. Greet your Russian friend and ask how he or she is doing. Then say good-bye.
From animals
@: (hare) @'
0Eü (bear) /E
8-* (wolf ) C-*8
>'*C*#' ;
C
B*V-8 7D-C
)@D<8 )C!*#4
*ap< *C!*a
op-
÷ŧé*a
a*Ÿ-a
<eòŸx
26
YJ 1
!
1.1 Omission of the Verb to be
The present tense of the verb to be (am, is, are) is seldom used as а linking
verb in Russian. Also, there are no articles (а, аn, or the) in Russian.
) o L 8? 1 8 <D#E4 .
Who is this? This is a/the president.
In sentences where both the subject and predicate are nouns, а dash is
often used to denote the omission of the verb to be.
B--> ;
>> — артOстка.
Аlla Pugachova is аn artist.
but: 1 8 >D Oс *>. (pronoun + noun)
This is аn artist.
&
_? 27
In oral language, questions that do not use а question word (who, what,
where, etc.) have а special intonation pattern that emphasizes the stressed
syllable of the most important word in the question.
c
B--> ;
>> – (YV ? 3 , B--> ;
>> – Ym .
Is Alla Pugachova аn athlete? No, Alla Pugachova is аn artist.
c
1 8 DV*#' Ymс? 3 , L 8 DV*#' $V.
Is this а Russian artist? No, this is а Russian student.
c
1 8 Y_ >D O ? 3 , L 8 HYQ >D Oс .
Is this а Russian artist? No, this is an American artist.
28
YJ 1
(Y *V9
1. Fill in the adjective endings.
2. . Read the questions using the correct intonation. Then answer the
questions in complete sentences using the information in the chart.
1. B44> – <8D 0E4*>? Name Nationality Profession
2. B44> – >0D#*á4*>: >* DOс>? Аnnа Russian actress
3. "@4 – >D Oс ? Ivan Russian athlete
4. "á4 – *>4á*#' <8D 0E4? John Canadian actor
5. 84 – *>нáдск#' артOст? Sarah American student
Mark American artist
6. áD> – Dý*>:
E4 *>?
7. />D* – рýсск#' артOст?
&
_? 29
Singular Plural Note on pronunciation:
04` me (first person) 4> us (first person) eC is pronounced [yivC]
` уоu (second person) > уоu (second person) is pronounced [yiyC]
C/ him/her (third person) # them (third person)
(Y *VH
3. ]"J, H5, q. Your Russian friend Larisa is showing you her class
picture. How would you inquire about the names of various students?
Consult the box on page 19 for male and female names.
30
YJ 1
(Y *V9
4. H{ &
_? or
&
_? Which question would you use
to inquire about the names of the following Russians?
Your questions Their answers
"8D. "8D#.
@!>.
3> @-.: ; DC4>.
8-C:.
"D> # ,E4>.
T@4:.
"@4 ; DC#.
@!> # 5D>.
5. Supply the missing pronouns 04`, `, C, , 4>, >, #.
&
_? 31
(Y *VH
6. J? Q9? or ^? Supply the missing questions.
Masculine Feminine
Optional: *8084@ *8084@ *>
<#>4Oс <#>4Oс *>
<#@ -. <#@ -.4#>
<8L <82 E>
8**Oс 8**Oс *>
!>0> O !>0> Oс *>
No separate feminine form: C* 8D C* 8D
*80<8O 8D *80<8O 8D
<D#E4 <D#E4
<D8E8D <D8E8D
Different feminine form: >4CD >-DO4>
32
YJ 1
1.10 Formal and Informal Greetings
The form здрQвствуте serves two purposes:
• to address more than one person (both formally and informally)
• to address one person formally
ЗдрQвству is used to address one person informally.
$HQ? literally means How are things? Тhe question H{?
means And with you? Use these lines only when meeting friends.
(Y *VH
7. . List all possible ways to greet
1. а friend in the morning
2. your teacher in the afternoon
3. your fellow students in the evening
1.11 Adverbs
Adverbs are parts of speech that answer the question How? Some adverbs
саn be formed by adding -о to the adjective stem.
Stem Masc. adjective Fem. adjective Adverb
8DC!- 8DC!#' 8DC!>: 8D8!J well
<-8- <-8C' <-8@: <-C badly
Vocabulary
&
_? 33
Q
cosmonaut Pronouns
( mс/ pianist Personal pronouns
(QH? writer H{ ((. me
<8L poet H{ ((. уоu (sg.)
(YH&$V president H"J ((. [yivJ] him
(YVY professor H5 ((. [yiyJ] her
(YV/ athlete ((. us
$V/ student
((. уоu (pl.)
>4CD dancer q ((. them
Hm/ tennis player
Ym/ tourist
Other pronouns
m/ soccer player
who
qHm/ ice-hockey player
J, Q9 who
1 q m/ chess player
^ this is
Adjectives
Of nationality Phrases
Farewells
HYQ American
"m English H"J qYJ1H"! All the best!
[vsivž kharžshevә]
Q$ Canadian
#
$Q9! Good-bye!
Y_ Russian
'Q! Good-bye! See
уоu later!
Other adjectives
&
V< famous Greetings
H(qJ not bad
#JYH _Y! Good morning!
(qJ bad
#JY<
V/HY! Good evening!
qYJ1 good
#JY< $H?! Good day! Hello!
%$YQ
/H! Hello!
Adverbs $HQ? How are things?
how How are you?
H(Jq not badly H{? And (with) you?
ķ/ excellent 'Y
V! Hi!
J/H? very (J J/! Good night!
(Jq badly
qY1J well
34
YJ 1
Introductions and
&
_? What is your O-# or
Как H{ &
_? name? H not (negative
/H? (Y{! Nice to meet уоu! within а
sentence)
H no
Other
( m thank уоu
and, but
J*H also
$ yes
&
_? 35
This page intentionally left blank
YJ 2 (YJ YJ)
û "
YmH (-Y_?
c
mY "
Ym (-Y_? # , "
Ym (-Y_.
c
m$ (QH (-Y_? H, Q H (QH (-Y_.
2.1 Personal Pronouns: Subject and Object Forms 2.2 Verb Conjugation: Groups I and II
2.3 Negative Sentences 2.4 Intonation in Questions
mY "
Ym (-Y_,
m$ H (QH.
'Y
V! ??? Guten Tag! ¡Hola!
???
38
YJ 2
1. "
Ym (-Y_? (-Q?
А. Look at the pictures. What language does each student speak? Who
does not understand him or her?
Model: B44> 88DO <8-DV*#. ;.D 4 <84#0@ H5.
2.
<? How about your language skills? Comment on each of the
languages.
J$.
J/H? qY1J.
+ 88DO!. qY1J.
К к <8->4-O'*#? 9 88DI <8->4-O'*#
+ 88DO H(Jq.
HJ".
/?-/?.
û "
YmH (-Y_? 39
3. m "
Y{ (-Y_?
А. The following chart shows the language abilities of various people.
Discuss the chart with а partner, describing which languages each
person speaks and how well.
В. Ask questions about the language ability of the people in the chart.
S2: 3@:,
>4, 84 # @!> 88D` <8-40E*#.
D. Let’s add some more verbs. Ask about the languages with a question
mark. Invent your own responses.
& |? (I) to know $_ |? (I) to think /Q|? (I) to read
S1: )>*
>4 88DO <8-#<@4*#?
40
YJ 2
Е. Challenge. Combine the verbs 88DO ., <84#0@ ., # @ ., 4> .,
and V0> . in a description of an individual person’s language skills.
Model: 3@: 88DO <8-DV*# 8C48. 74@ 4 88DO
<8-#<@4*#, > <8-40E*# 84@ 88DO 404C8, 48
<84#0@ # # @ C4. 8D8!C. 9 4 4@6, *>* 84@ 88DO
<8-D>4V*#, 48 : V0>6, 8 84@ <84#0@
.-
..
9&<
YH The Russian Language Around the World
Russian belongs to the East Slavic branch of the There are large Russian-speaking commu-
Indo-European language family, along with nities even in the United States, especially in
Ukrainian and Belorussian. It is the fifth most the Northeast and on the West Coast. One of
widely spoken language in the world (about 278 the most famous enclaves is Brighton Beach in
million speakers) and the largest native language in New York, also known as Little Odessa, since
Europe. About 164 million people speak Russian many of its earlier immigrants came from
as their primary language. Russian is also one of Odessa, Ukraine.
the six official languages of the United Nations.
# ž"
A. Listen to the two dialogues and estimate the age and social status of
the conversants.
B-*E': + 88DO!. <8-#<@4*#?
8DO: >, 404C8.
B-*E': B <8-40E*#?
8DO: 3 , : 4 88DI <8-40E*#, 48 404C8 <84#0@6.
4. < "
Ym1?? or < "
YmH?
A. Which form would you use when addressing the following people?
Finish the questions with a language of your choice.
1. a little boy 4. your grandmother
2. a fellow student 5. your friend’s grandfather
3. your professor 6. a waiter in a Russian restaurant
û "
YmH (-Y_? 41
B. Find out about the language skills of your teacher and fellow
students. Use the following as a starting point.
+ 88DO!. <8-...? + 88DO <8-...?
+ 8D8!C 88DO!. <8-...? + 8D8!C 88DO <8-...?
+ <84#0@!. <8-...? + <84#0@ <8-...?
)>* +...? )>* +...?
H{ &
_ m
D@
' . /4` 8V 3O4> ,E>. 9
E4 *>. 9 DV*>:, 48 :
4<-C8 <84#0@6 <8->4-O'*#. 9 # @6 <8->4-O'*# C4. 8D8!C,
48 H35 V$H 88DI. 9 Q*H 404C8 <84#0@6 <8-40E*#, 48
C4. <-C8 88DI. B <8-DV*# :, V/, 88DI 8C48.
А. Answer the questions based on the text.
1. )>* 8V ?
2. 74@ >0D#*@4*>:
E4 *>?
3. )>* 84@ # @ <8->4-O'*#?
4. 74@ 88DO <8->4-O'*# ²Y #-# V$H?
5. 74@ <84#0@ <8-40E*#? B <8-D>4V*#?
6. 74@ <-C8 88DO <8-DV*#?
C. One student assumes the role of Nina. Other students ask questions.
{
{
H"J H"J
= H5 (Q( . = H5 Q .
1 Q1
1
Q1
q q
2.7 Possessive Pronouns: Masculine and Feminine = (Q( 9.
42
YJ 2
Q1 cH?{
5. Family relations.
A. What is the relationship between the pairs of people in the picture?
2. Ira’s relatives
3. Ira’s and Volodya’s relatives
4. your relatives; pretend to be one of the people in the bottom row
5. your and your siblings’ relatives
û "
YmH (-Y_? 43
Grandparents
Russian babushkas (grandmothers) are pillars of than do grandfathers. If the grandfather is
the society; they hold families together, take care alive, however, he usually takes part in rearing
of grandchildren, and very often work outside grandchildren, much like the grandmother.
the home to supplement their small pensions.
You can see babushkas everywhere – in public
transportation, carrying food; in museums,
guarding invaluable treasures; sweeping
streets, and so on. Many babushkas feel it is
their responsibility to educate the younger
generation. They are quick to voice aloud their
disapproval of anything and anybody slightly
beyond their range of acceptance.
Men have a lower life expectancy than
women: about 65 years. Thus grandmothers
tend to have a more visible role in society = Q1
.
6.
/
{ or
1/
Q1 ?
А. How would уоu ask . . .
1. your teacher if the little girl with her is her daughter
2. your friend if the man in the picture is his father
3. your friend’s grandmother if the man in the picture is her husband
4. Ira and Lena if the man in the picture is their grandfather
5. Nina Pavlovna if the little boy in the picture is her grandson
6. Sasha and Masha if the girl in the picture is their sister
44
YJ 2
В. Just curious . . . Ask your friend if his or her . . .
1. mother is an actress 5. brother understands German
2. father is a writer 6. grandfather speaks French
3. sister is а student 7. grandmother speaks English
4. aunt speaks Chinese 8. uncle understands Japanese
Russian Families
Many Russian families have only one child, (and unsolicited advice) from the parents even
although recent economic incentives seem after they move out.
to be slowly reversing that trend. In a Divorce is rather common, and many
traditional Russian family, men are expected children are raised by a single mother. Russians
to be the main breadwinners (кормOлец), do not remarry as frequently as do Westerners,
whereas women play the traditional roles of a but if they do, the children usually call their new
mother and wife. In addition, two (or more) parents м@ма or п@па, or, if the relationship is
generations sometimes live in the same more distant, by the first name and patronymic
household. (e.g., B44> ; DC4>, DE' "@48#). The
Adult children often live with their Russian words 0@> (stepmother) and Cтчим
parents longer than in Western countries, and (stepfather) have somewhat negative connota-
sometimes continue to receive financial support tions and are not frequently used.
û "
YmH (-Y_? 45
8. = { H?{. Read the four texts and match them with the
corresponding pictures. Then pick a picture and introduce everyone as
your relatives.
1. D@
' . /4` 8V B-*E'. 1 8 08` 4@ 3> @-.:, >
L 8 0@0> # @
!*>. B 8 L 8 :.
2. /4` 8V ,>DO>. 1 8 08` 0@0>. 8V >0@D>. B L 8 08`
@
!*> B44> # :.
3. 1 8 4@!> 0.`: 08` 0@0> -E4>, 08' <@<> DE', 08` D@
3@ : # 08' D> @!>. B 8 L 8 :, /@!>.
4. /4` 8V 8-C:. B L 8 4@!> 0.`: 08' 8 E 5D#', 08`
0@0> > .`4> # 08' E
!*> "@4. B 8 L 8 :.
a. b.
c. d.
Patronymics
Russians have three names: а first name (O0:), Thus, ; DC# is “son of Peter” and ; DC4>
а patronymic (C 8), and а last name is “daughter of Peter.” In formal situations,
(>0O-#:). The patronymic is formed from Russians address each other with name and
the father’s first name by adding -8# or patronymic: D@
' , "@4 B4DE#!
-# for males and -84> or -4> for females. 8 #@4#:, > .`4> ;@-84>!
father’s first name son’s patronymic daughter’s patronymic
"@4 "@4
/ "@4
"8D. "8DH
/ "8DH
DE' DEH
/ DEH
46
YJ 2
9. Tracing family members. Brothers Sergei, Pavel, Anton, and Alexander
Ivanov gather once а year for а family reunion, but their children have а
hard time remembering who belongs to whom. Each father has one son
and one daughter. Draw а line to connect these sibling pairs.
Although the
feminine noun
<D<8>@ -.4#>
exists, the masculine
form is commonly
used as a general term
for the profession.
û "
YmH (-Y_? 47
84 – >0D#*@4*#'
E4 . 74 HYQH-.
/LD# – >0D#*@4*>:
E4 *>. 74@ HYQ .
Q
DV*#' DV*>:
>0D#*@4 >0D#*@4*>
*>4@ *>4@*>
48
YJ 2
11. Introductions.
А. Read the following two dialogues and fi ll in the missing parts. Who
are the participants in these situations and what do you think their
nationality is?
1.
/@D>D : 1 8 08' D> 84. 1 8 08' <D<8>@ -.,
B4 C4 ;@-8#.
B4 C4 ;@-8#: 74. <D#` 48. >! D> <8-DV*# <84#0@ ?
/@D>D : 3 , ________.
2.
3O4>: @
!*>, 2 8 08` <8DV> 3#*C-..
1 8 08` @
!*>, B44> DE4>.
B44> DE4>: 74. <D#` 48. 3#*C-., + <8-DV*# 88DO ?
3O4>: 3 , 84@ 4 ________. 74@ ________.
û "
YmH (-Y_? 49
Making Compliments
8'
D> C4. ( m/<.
>!
8`
D@ C4. ( m/ 9.
@!>
Q
#0<> O4+' #0<> O4>:
*D>O+' *D>O>:
08-8C' 08-8@:
12.
{ Q J/H? Y m
9.
А. Your friend is showing you some family pictures. Respond to the
following statements according to the model.
Model: 74 C4. #0<> O4+'. 74@ C4. #0<> O4>:.
or: 8' D> C4. #0<> O4+'. 8` D@ C4.
#0<> O4>:.
1. 1 8 08' D> "8D.. 4. 1 8 08' <@<>.
2. 1 8 08` D@ B44>. 5. 1 8 08' D
DE'.
3. 1 8 08` @
!*>.
50
YJ 2
В. Having met your friend’s relatives, how would you tell your friend
that his or her . . .
1. grandfather is very young
2. sister is very beautiful
3. brother looks (is) nice
4. mother looks (is) very young
5. uncle is very good-looking
6. grandmother looks (is) nice
'HYž
<
1 8 0.` ; DC+:1 0> . 7-.> B4 C484> # 8 E DE' 3#*8-@#. 1 the Petrov family
B L 8 E
!*> – ; DC 3#*8-@' B-*@4D8#. B 8 E #: ,E4>
# /O!>. DE' 3#*8-@# – <D8E8D. 74 8C48 88DO
<8->4-O'*# # <8-D>4V*#. C 4@ <8->4-O'*# 4 88DO ,
> <8-D>4V*# 84@ 88DO 4<-C8. E
!*> 88DO C-.*8
<8-DV*#, > E #, ,E4> # /O!>, 404C8 <84#0@6 <8->4-O'*#, 48
% <-C8 88D` . C0>2 84O, *84E48, 88D` <8-DV*#. 2 at home
û "
YmH (-Y_? 51
А. Fill in the names of the people in the story.
First name Patronymic Last name
Grandfather:
Father:
Mother:
Daughter:
Son:
С. Challenge. Assume the role of Lena or Misha and retell the story in
the first person.
Model: 1 8 08` 0.`. 1 8 08` 0> . 7-.>...
Chapter Review
А. Yоu should now be able to . . .
1. describe what language(s) people speak and understand and
how well
2. introduce members of your extended family
3. ask questions about other people’s family relationships For self-tests and additional practice,
please go to the Book Companion
4. describe how people are related Site, available at www.wiley.com/
college/nummikoski
5. introduce your friends and teachers For access to the videos, please go to
the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
6. describe people with (some) nouns of nationality your access code at www.wiley.com/
college/wrk
7. make compliments with adjectives of quality
52
YJ 2
В. Photograph. Two students are looking at а family picture. Reenact
their conversation, using the following cues.
Student А showing а family photo: Student В asking questions:
Say that it is your family. Point to one woman and ask if it’s
his/her mother.
No. It’s your grandmother. Make а compliment.
Say thanks. Introduce your brother Ask if his wife is American.
and his wife Susan.
Yes, she is, but she speaks Are these their children?
fluent Russian.
Yes. Show their son and daughter What are their names?
in the picture.
Give the children’s names. Do the children speak English?
Not much. They understand Make a general compliment. (74. #4 Dš48.)
a little bit.
û "
YmH (-Y_? 53
Word Building
The forms (-Y_, (- "m, and so on are adverbs that mean
literally in the Russian way, in the English way. You can form them from
many adjectives derived from proper nouns. Among other things, they
are used with the verbs (Q? and "
Ym? to denote the language
spoken or understood.
Which of the following are real languages? Correct the sentences on the
right as appropriate.
Noun Adjective Adverb
B0ED#*> >0D#*@4*#' 84 88DO <8->0D#*@4*#.
B4-#: >4-O'*#' >D- 88DO <8->4-O'*#.
@ @*#' /@D>D 88DO <8- @*#.
)>4@> *>4@*#' 3#*C-. 88DO <8-*>4@*#.
/E*#*> 0*#*@4*#' F
@4 88DO <8-0*#*@4*#.
Although not all these words can be used to describe language skills, they
can be used in other ways. For instance, you can sometimes see these forms
on restaurant menus.
>-@ <8-08*C*# salad à la Moscow
*8 -E + <8-*O*# cutlets à la Kiev (chicken Kiev)
Create some more menu items using the preceding list of adverbs and the
words given. Which of your creations would you like to eat?
< soup #! E* beefsteak >-@ salad >*V-> shark
54
YJ 2
!
2.1 Personal Pronouns: Subject and Object Forms
In Chapter 1 you learned the direct object forms of personal pronouns
(me, you, him, etc.). In this lesson you will learn the subject forms. Notice
that the subject and object forms of the second-person singular аrе
identical in English but not in Russian.
Subject Object
singular 1st person 9 I 04` me
2nd person < you ` you
3rd person /Q he/she 8/ him/her
plural 1st person < we 4> us
2nd person
< you > you
3rd person m they # them
(Y *VH
1. Supply the missing subject forms of personal pronouns.
û "
YmH (-Y_? 55
Тhе endings аrе added to the present tense stem of the verb. Examine
the conjugation chart carefully. Memorizing the endings for both groups
enables yоu to conjugate аnу regular Russian verb.
◆ The first-person singular has the same ending [u], spelled -ю or -у in
both conjugation groups.
◆ The vowel in second-person singular through second-person plural
endings is -е in the first conjugation and -и in the second conjugation.
◆ Тhе third-person plural ends in [ut], spelled -ют or -ут in the first
conjugation and in [at], spelled -ят or -ат in the second conjugation.
group I II
infinitive <84#0@| . 88D|O .
stem <84#0@- 88D-
sg. 1st pers. : <84#0@7 7/
* : 88DZ 7/
*
2nd pers. + <84#0@H1? H1? + 88Dm1? 1?
3rd pers. 84/84@ <84#0@H H 84/84@ 88Dm
pl. 1st pers. 0+ <84#0@H H 0+ 88Dm
2nd pers. + <84#0@HH HH + 88DmH H
3rd pers. 84O <84#0@7 7/
* 84O 88D{ 9/> *
*The second spelling variant is less common. All verbs in this lesson are
spelled with the first form.
(Y *V9
2. If you memorize the endings for the two conjugation groups you will
be able to conjugate any regular verb you encounter. Use the ending
chart to соmе up with the following phrases.
56
YJ 2
5. 74 4> 4 <84#0@_____.
6. ,E4> # 3O4> 88D_____ <8->4-O'*#.
7. + 88D_____ <8-40E*#?
8. 9 Ÿ0>_____, 8 84O 04` 4 -Ÿ!>_____.
9. 9 4 <84#0@_____ `.
10. + 88D_____ <8-#<@4*#?
(Y *VH
4. Finish the sentences using the appropriate forms (subject and object)
of personal pronouns. Replace proper names bу pronouns where
applicable.
Model: 9 <84#0@6 `, > + 4 <84#0@!. 04`.
1. 74@ <84#0@ C, > 84...
2. + <84#0@!. 04`, > :...
3. /+ <84#0@0 >, > +...
4. 74O <84#0@6 , > 84@...
5. + <84#0@ 04`, > :...
6. 74 <84#0@ `, >...
7. 74@ <84#0@ 4>, >...
8. 9 <84#0@6 `, >...
9. "8D. # ,E4> <84#0@6 04`, >...
10. B-*E' <84#0@ , >...
û "
YmH (-Y_? 57
c
O* 8D "
Ym <8-DV*#? >, "
Ym.
Does Victor speak Russian? Yes, he does. (literally, Yes, speaks.)
c
O* 8D 88DO (-Y_? >, (-Y_.
Does Victor speak Russian? Yes, he does. (literally, Yes,
Russian.)
c
O* 8D qY1J 88DO <8-DV*#? >, qY1J.
Does Victor speak Russian well? Yes, he does. (literally, Yes, well.)
(Y *V9
5. Give short answers to the following questions. Do not forget to
conjugate the verbs as appropriate.
7. < r
<? How would yоu ask . . .
58
YJ 2
2.5 Conjunctions and and but
Russian has three conjunctions that are often confused
and parallel
and/but slight contrast, often starts a question
but stark contrast
Compare the following:
(Y *VH
8. Fill in и, а, or но.
û "
YmH (-Y_? 59
Adjectives Adverbs
8DC!-#' good 8D8!-J well
<-8-C' bad, poor <-C- badly, poorly
8C4-+' free 8C4- freely, fluently
1 8 Y_ >D O . (What kind of artist? – Russian.)
adjective
74@ qY1J 88DO <8-DV*#. (How does she speak? – Well.)
adverb
+ 88DO!. <8-40E*#? 9 88DI <8-40E*# qY1J.
(Y *V9
9. Fill in the adverb or adjective endings. Remember that adjectives agree
with the noun they modify, whereas adverbs have one form only.
1. ,E4> 8D8! >* DO>. 74@ 88DO <8-D>4V*# C4.
8D8! .
2. B-!> <-8 88DO <8-40E*#. 74 <-8
E4 .
3. 8-C: C4. 8D8!
E4 . 74 88DO <8-D>4V*#
884 .
4. ,O> <-8
E4 *>. 74@ <-8 <84#0@ <8->4-O'*#.
5. /O!> 8D8! <84#0@ <8-:<C4*#. 74 8D8!
E4 .
10. How do they speak or understand? Write the missing How? questions.
60
YJ 2
2.7 Possessive Pronouns: Masculine and Feminine
The possessive pronouns my, your (sg.), our, аnd your (рl.) agree with the
noun they modify. The third-person pronouns his, her, and their have one
form only, identical to the object form of personal pronouns.
1 8 (
, 1,
1) (The pronoun modifies the
D> . masculine noun D> .)
1 8 { (
{, Q1 ,
Q1 ) (The pronoun modifies the
D@. feminine noun D@.)
but: 1 8 H"J (H5, q) D> . (Same form for masculine
1 8 H"J (H5, q) D@. and feminine.)
(Y *V9
11. Supply the missing possessive pronouns.
û "
YmH (-Y_? 61
4. >, L 8 C +4.
5. 3 , L 8 08' D> .
6. >, L 8 4>! E
!*>.
7. 3 , L 8 0
.
8. >, L 8 08` D@.
9. 3 , L 8 # @
!*>.
10. 3 , L 8 08' `:.
Adjective Noun
DV*#' Russian (m.) DV*#' а Russian man
DV*>: Russian (f.) DV*>: а Russian woman
>0D#*@4*#' American (m.) >0D#*@4 аn American man
>0D#*@4*>: American (f.) >0D#*@4*> аn American woman
*>4@*#' Canadian (m.) *>4@ а Canadian man
*>4@*>: Canadian (f.) *>4@*> а Canadian woman
62
YJ 2
(Y *VH
14. Fill in nouns or adjectives of nationality (the first letter is given) and
languages as appropriate.
1. ;.D * . 74 88DO <8- # <8- . 74
*
E4 .
2. DE' D . 74 88DO <8- . 74 D >D O .
3. ,>DO> D >* DO>. 0@0> C D .
4. 84 >
E4 . 74 > . 74 88DO <8- .
5. 6@44> > . 74@ 88DO <8- . 74@ >
>D O *>.
6. 3#*C-. * . 74@ *
E4 *>. 74@ 88DO
<8- # <8- .
Spelling rule 1 applies to many other situations that you will encounter. It
helps to memorize the rule now.
Masculine Feminine
stem-stressed DV*#' (sp. rule – *) DV*>:
>0D#*@4*#' (sp. rule – *) >0D#*@4*>:
8DC!#' (sp. rule – !) 8DC!>:
#E 4+' #E 4>:
Y m
< Y m
9
( m/< ( m/ 9
end-stressed <-8C' <-8@:
$J $Q9
Adjectives new to you are boldfaced.
û "
YmH (-Y_? 63
(Y *VH
15. Fill in the correct adjective endings.
Vocabulary
64
YJ 2
($Y_" friend (f.) Q she
(YH($
QH? teacher (college < we
level)
< you (pl.)
8 8D@#: photograph m they
Adjectives Possessive
Y m
< beautiful , { my
$J young
,
{ your (sg.)
( m/< nice (looking) H"J his
H5 her
Adverbs 1, Q1 our
Languages
1,
Q1 your (pl.)
q their
(- "m in English
(-(Q in Spanish
Verbs
(-Q in Chinese
(-HV- in German "
Y|m? (II) to speak
(-Y_ in Russian "
YZ,
(-Y -_& in French "
Ym1?,
(-9(J in Japanese "
Y{
$_ |? (I) to think
Quality $_ 7,
$_ H1?,
HJ" а little
$_ 7
(Jq, H(Jq badly, not
&a|? (I) to know
badly
&Q7,
J$ fluently
&QH1?,
qY1J, well,
&Q7
HqY1J not well
(Q|? (I) to understand
/?-/? just a little
(Q7,
(QH1?,
Pronouns
(Q7
Personal
Ÿ1 |? (I) to listen
9 I Ÿ1 7,
< you (sg.) Ÿ1 H1?,
he Ÿ1 7
û "
YmH (-Y_? 65
/Q|? (I) to read 0E-448 slowly
/èòQ7, 48 but
/èòQH1?, 3
C +! Oh, come on!
/èòQ7 @* also, in addition
(one person doing
Other or being
K D8 fast something else)
C0> at home C-.*8 only
% still 8 here: that
and
HYš interesting
*84E48 of course
66
YJ 2
YJ 3 (YV YJ)
.
H??
. L 8? 1 8 *YQ.
К4O> is the generic
word for a book.
3.1 Gender of Nouns
m"
/V (?J
" &V YQ
QY?
*YQ
Other adjectives
>0D#*@4*#' 40E*#'
к>4@*#' D>4V*#'
0*#*@4*#' # >-.`4*#'
>4-O'*#' :<C4*#'
#<@4*#' к# @'*#'
Russian-Language Newspapers
Newspapers have undergone great changes Fe deration (and of t he for mer S oviet
since the breakup of the Soviet Union. Union).
Numerous new publications have appeared, Among other popular newspapers are
from serious business journals to sensational «BD
0E4 + # @* +», «)800D@4 »,
tabloids. «)8080C-.c*>: <D@>», «/8*C*#'
«;D@>» (literally, the truth) is the main *8080C-», and «Speed-"4C».
voice of the Communist Party of the Russian
68
YJ 3
. JH « YV »? 1 8 DV*#' D80@4.
1. . JH «'YQ
$ »? Ask your partner questions according
to the model.
S1: 8 >*C «;D@>»?
S2: 1 8 >E >.
S1: )>*@: L 8 >E >?
S2: 1 8 DV*>: >E >.
ê
1. ,@>
2. /@*#4 8!
1O4*#'
3. 3C*#>1
4. 8'C >
5. 8-.*@4
6. )L484
7. C4#
8. Continue with your own items.
70
YJ 3
B L 8 08` кJшка /VD*>.
Y&Q9
8D@: (borzoi) is a Russian greyhound. rabbits, foxes, and wolves. They received their
Borzois were loyal companions of Russian name from the old Slavic word бCрзый (swift).
aristocrats, who used the dogs for hunting
.
H?? 71
5. .H ^ m?? You are moving in with a group of students and
some items got all mixed up. Have conversations according to the model.
72
YJ 3
B. Student 1: Express your opinion about some people in the professions
given. Start your sentences with any of the expressions listed.
Student 2: Agree or disagree.
H{ H{
H{ H{
. H"J / H5 H?? Ó H"J / H5 H? 8@*>.
q q
.
H?? 73
H{ , H?.
c
H? ? , H{ H? .
$. / % $& $.
H{
Q9 ?
H{ Y_ 9 .
H{ c , ?1Q9.
?1Q9 ? , H{ ?1Q9 .
3.8 Omission of есть
1.
. . q 2. . . 3. .
H?? Q9 q ? H"J H??
H"J . q H??
? ? ?1Q9 ? !?
H"J H??
74
YJ 3
Colors
!' white ' gray
()' black *)!' yellow
' red *$' orange
+' pink +$!)' green
blue ($' brown
!- light blue # !' purple
8. .
H??
A. Ask a classmate ten questions about his or her possessions (car,
laptop, cell phone, video camera, horse, cat, etc.). Get a detailed
description, including colors, when applicable.
.
H?? 75
9. К кQ9 кY m
9 Qк ! What a beautiful dog!
Student 1: You are showing your friend some pictures.
Student 2: React with surprise and then make a comment of your choice.
% $
YQ?9 m 5Y<? , $
. % $& $
$
YQ $Q HYQ.
$. ; H$m
H< YH5.
76
YJ 3
The boldfaced phrases
When talking about your family members, you may also want to use
are in the accusative
the following:
(object) case, like H{
H"J (Q( (-Q) +=... +=... For now,
H"J (Q$1H"/QY1H") YQ /² /$Y_" /_* +=... memorize the phrases
Z Q +=... you need.
Z Q$17/QY17 HY_/$/?/($Y_"/*H_ +=...
10.
?1Q9 H?{?
A. Find the correct phrases you need and describe the size of your own
family.
B. Find out how many sisters and brothers (children, etc.) your
classmates have. Use the questions in the information box on page 76.
Q1 H?{
$& += . & #! 9$$. $
& !
: - $&
$
, "", $. @ $= += . A
+-*$ (- $) $
-*). D) =* += E!$. A *-!. A
($
"('. % : $
: ' (
.
1 $ *$ *-!. A $F) $2 *$, - 1 older (cf. ŧ') / 2 not yet
$ $
-. D) += G. ! 3 -. 3 younger
.
H?? 77
B. One student (or the teacher) assumes the role of Nina. Other
students ask questions.
C. Make up a similar story about yourself.
Chapter Review
А. Yоu should now be able to . . .
1. ask what something is
2. ask and answer questions about quality, size, age, price, color, and
interest value of things
3. describe things with adjectives of nationality For self-tests and additional practice,
please go to the Book Companion
4. ask for and express opinions Site, available at www.wiley.com/
college/nummikoski
5. respond to an expression of opinion For access to the videos, please go to
the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
6. ask and answer questions about what someone has your access code at www.wiley.com/
college/wrk
7. ask and answer questions about what kind of items someone has
8. describe the size of your family
78
YJ 3
Word Building
Suffix -ск-
Some proper nouns can be made into adjectives by adding the suffix -ск-,
and the adjective ending. Slight modifications of the stem may also occur.
nouns adjectives nouns adjectives
G$: $: $ $
I-M
I- ! # ! #
$!
$!
L$$= "$$=
Make up new titles for newspapers using the adjectives just listed and the
following nouns.
Combining Adjectives
Two adjectives can sometimes be combined with а hyphen. In this
construction, the first adjective takes а shorter form: stem + the vowel -о.
/5Y< + !' = ()-!' black and white
% $& $
()-! .
% $ $
()-!' $!$+.
р_сский + англйский = р=сско-англйский Russian-English
(e.g., dictionary)
Note: The adjective англйский has а shorter stem: англ-
нгло-р=сский словрь English-Russian dictionary
Look at the advertisement for а computerized dictionary. Combine any two
adjectives to make as many two-language dictionary titles as possible. What
kind of dictionaries do you have?
=]
8%
R9
M
M
STU%V
M
G9W;
M
L
M 3200 -.
DDU
M
LA9W
M
T%
M 84000 !
RA99
M
.
H?? 79
!
3.1 Gender of Nouns
There are three genders in Russian: masculine, feminine, and neuter.
Yоu have already learned some masculine and feminine nouns
(e.g., артст/артстка, брат/сестр). When the gender of the nоun
cannot bе determined bу its meaning alone (natural gender), it can bе
determined bу the nоun ending. Nouns ending in а consonant or -й are
masculine, nouns ending in -а or -я are feminine, and those ending in -о
or -е are neuter. Words that end in а soft consonant (written with the soft
sign -ь) can bе masculine or feminine. Their gender has to bе memorized.
Word lists and dictionaries give the gender for such nouns.
!
(m.) di(ti"nar,
!
(f.) horse
Note: Some animate nouns (including familiar forms of first names) that
end in -а or -я are masculine.
1 ""/-/&//!
but: Q1 /-/)//G
(Y *VH
1. Define the grammatical gender of the following nouns.
1. *-! 8.
2. " 9. "$
3. "
10. $!$#
4. $!$+ 11.
5. 12. +
6. 13.
7. $! " 14.
80
YJ 3
3.2 Adjective Agreement
As you already know, adjectives agree with the nouns they modify. So far
you have learned the masculine and feminine forms of adjectives. In this
lesson, you will learn the neuter form.
= *-!. (The adjective agrees with а masculine noun.)
= 9 +. (The adjective agrees with а feminine noun.)
=H "
. (The adjective agrees with а neuter noun.)
*The choice between the endings -ый and -ий is determined by Spelling Rule 1.
Note: Two adjectives have special forms that will be discussed in detail
later. For now, they have to be memorized.
Masculine Feminine Neuter
: : :HH good (See Spelling Rule 3 in grammar 6.4)
99 HH blue (See soft adjectives in grammar 14.7)
(Y *V9
2. Glossaries and dictionaries usually list adjectives only in the masculine
form. You can deduce the feminine and neuter forms from the masculine.
Use the nouns and adjectives provided to come up with the following
drinks.
.
H?? 81
1. Mexican beer 4. Chinese black tea
2. Russian vodka 5. French champagne
3. French red wine 6. Italian white wine
3. Use each adjective on the left with each noun on the right.
82
YJ 3
3.3 . ^? Versus / žH?
In Chapter 1 you learned the difference between the following questions:
7? (а general question when no proper
Who is this? noun is present)
Y R ? (а question when the proper name is
Who is Yuri Gagarin? present and further clarification is
!! L-()? needed)
Who is Alla Pugachova?
The same basic rule applies to the questions Что ^то? and Что такJе?
Z 7? (а general question when no proper
What is this? noun is present)
Z $ « »? (а question when the proper name
What is а Sony? or brand name is present and further
clarification is needed)
(Y *VH
6. Ask the corresponding questions using Z 7? or Z $?
1. «G» – 7 $ *-!.
2. "
@$.
3. *-!.
4. «L» – 7 = +.
5. «E » – 7 = .
.
H?? 83
The new forms are boldfaced in the chart.
(Y *V9
7. Write questions and answers according to the model. Be sure to use
the right form of the pronouns.
Model: *-!/ .H ^ *YQ? = *YQ.
1. / 6. "
/$)
2. / 7. $$ /
3. !
/ 8. $!$+/
4. !
/$ 9. "
@$/
5. +/ 10. $$/ :
8. This exercise includes all three forms: I, me, my, etc. Pay close
attention to which form is needed.
1. @ "-= . "= $
"-= . A $ " $ .
2. $ ($
:
"-! . ; $
" I . "-! ?
3.
. 7 $.
"-! :. ; " I.
4. 9. 7 $. += .
"-! ($
:. ;
" I.
5. '. "-$ . E'
" $$? 7 - -.
6. 7? $? , 7 $.
"-! $? , ' "-! .
" $$? , ' " $.
7. 9. & "-= . '
" $. $! ( parents) *$ & "-= .
84
YJ 3
3.5 Verbs $_ ? and & ?
#_ |? (to think) and зна|ть (to know) were already introduced in
Chapter 2. They are regular first-conjugation verbs.
(Y *V9
9. Fill in the endings. Refer to Chapter 2, grammar section 2.2 if necessary.
= +
' = ' +
/ = / +
' = ' +
' = ' +
= +
10. 8 &Q7 H5, ŧ H &ŧH H{. Finish the sentences with the
opposite idea.
В. Dependent
; $ +I, I do not know who speaks
"- . Chinese.
G' +$
, / 7? Do уои know what this is?
A $ +$, Q9 7 . Не does not know what kind of
book this is.
' $ +$, '
We do not know how уои speak
"-= . Russian.
A $ +I, /?9 7 +. They do not know whose
newspaper it is.
.
H?? 85
In addition, the word что is used as the conjunction that between clauses.
The English language often omits the conjunction in these sentences.
(Y *V9
11. Say that you do not know the answer to the following questions.
Model: "-" ? 8 H &Q7, "
Ym
(-9(J.
1. Z 7? 4. $ " $ $&?
2. 7 *-!? 5. Z
) 7 "
?
3. Z
7 ?
12. ķ $Ÿ 7, /... Write complete sentences using the words
given.
Model: / =
/ + / ' / $_ H, /
Y&Q9 – ^
Y m
9 Q .
1. $ / =
/ «9» / : /
2. ' / =
/ «A)» / $' / *-!
3. & $ / =
/ $ / ' /
4. / =
/ Z / : / "+
5. / =
/ «-' #'» / : / +
13. (-Y_?
86
YJ 3
3.7 Equivalents of the Verb tо have
You have so far learned to express possession with possessive pronouns
my, your, his, and so on. You can also express possession in another way.
% $& $
. I have а car.
literally: By me there is а car.
Compare the two ways to express possession.
This is my/your . . . dog. I/you . . . have а dog.
& .
H{ H? .
& .
H{ H? .
$ .
H"J H? .
$) .
H5 H? .
.
H? .
.
H? .
: .
q H? .
Note: The third-person pronouns егJ, её, and их add an extra consonant,
н, after the preposition у: у негJ, у неё, у них.
(Y *V9
14. Write complete sentences, according to the model.
Model: '/!
/
H? ?1Q9 Q .
1. /'/!
(f.) 6. '/!$
/
2. /'/$! " 7. /" / $$
3. /!
/ 8. /$ /
4. '/'// 9. '//$$
5. '/: /!
10. /'/= /+
15. Rewrite the sentences using the other way of expressing possession.
Model: % $& $
. S = { Q .
$) $. S
H5 H? HYQ.
1. % $& $
. 9. $!$+.
2. $ !. 10. % $& $
$! ".
3. % : $
á!
. 11. & .
4. . 12. % $ $
!
.
5. % $
"
@$. 13. % $) $
!.
6. $) !
. 14. : .
7. % $
. 15. % $
.
8. & .
.
H?? 87
3.8 Omission of есть
When you ask about the existence of something, the word есть is used.
The answer to such а question starts with yes or no. Similarly, if you make а
statement about the existence of something or somebody, есть is included
in the sentence. If, on the other hand, you already know that а person
has something, but you want to find out more details, есть is omitted.
Compare the following statements and question-and-answer pairs.
with H? (first time introducing the topic)
% $& H? . (statement about existence)
% $ H? . (statement about existence)
% $& H? ? , H?. (question and answer about
# , H{ H? existence)
.
(Y *V9
16. Write the questions that elicited the answers provided.
Model: , - $& $
.
H{ H? 1m ?
1. , - $& $
. 4. , - $) $
$!$#.
2. , - $ $
!
. 5. , - : $
.
3. , - $
!
.
88
YJ 3
3.9 Accusative Case: Preview
The Russian language, like Latin and German, has a case system. This means
that nouns, adjectives, and pronouns have different forms depending on their
function in the sentence. So far you have learned the basic form, the nominative
case. The object of a Russian sentence requires the accusative case.
H{ +=... / H"ž -Q +=... / Z Q +=...
literally: They call me They call my father They call my mother
object object object
A :ž($ -"
ž
< HH
m&Y. ; !I!@ Z Q.
He wants to buy a new TV. I love my dog.
object object
You will learn the endings of the accusative case in Chapter 7, grammar
point 7.6 (nouns), and in Chapter 8, grammar point 8.2 (adjectives and
possessive pronouns). For now, consult the following table.
masculine nom. ž' $!$+
inanimate acc. (no change)
masculine nom. ž' - / ŧ
animate acc. H"ž ž" Ÿ / H"ž ŧH" ŧ
feminine nom. & ž / & !
ŧ
(all) acc. Z ž7 / Z !
Ÿ7 ŧ
Vocabulary
Nouns Electronics
.
H?? 89
$$ stereo system HQ Mexican
HH
m&Y television HV- German
HHJ telephone Y -_& French
#"" camera 9(J Japanese
Vehicles Colors
H(V$ bicycle V< white
1m car "J light blue
! motorcycle *5< yellow
&H5< green
Pets ($' brown
J1 cat YQ< red
J1 $? f. horse *$' orange
Q dog +' pink
' grey
Other nouns m, -99, -HH blue
war # !' purple
"ť question /5Y< black
$V
1 girl, young
woman, Other
girlfriend ?1J big, large
$V pl. children $)' cheap
реасе $Y"J expensive
(YQ
$ truth $$' only, sole, one and
$) child only
(
$ [F
$] happiness HYV< interesting
J what, what kind
Y m
< beautiful
Adjectives QH? little, small
Of origin ! younger
"m English J
< new
(Q Spanish _/< boring
?{ Italian older
Q$ Canadian QY< old
Q Chinese qYJ1, - 9, -HH good
90
YJ 3
Pronouns :š
to want
, {, 5 my :(Ÿ, :ž($
, :ž($
,
{,
5 уоur (sg.) :, :$, :&
H"J his
H5 her Other
1, Q1 , Q1H our $F) $ not yet
1,
Q1 ,
Q1H your (pl.) *$ married (of a
q their man)
/H, /?9, /?5 whose +-*$ married (of а
woman)
Verbs J*H <? maybe, perhaps
$ "ť' answer the
$_ |? (I) to think
questions
H? there is, there are
(-JH in my opinion
& |? (I) to know
!ŧ$, !ŧ I agree
!I|ķ
(II) to like, to love
H{ H? I have
!I!@
/ what
!@
/ conj. that
!@
/ JH what is
-"ķ
to buy
.
H?? 91
This page intentionally left blank
YJ 4 (.H
5Y< YJ)
!$H &$H? (J/ ?
= "JY$.
$ / &$QH
( Y
-VY
?
_-
y
HYQ"
(J3 $?
" &m
V
(Y{ (YQ
( m. '*Q .
94
YJ 4
YHYQ V V &V
V (V
HYV
HQY
HQY
"m-
$J ?m-
V
(YQ
(Y{
–
+ $, "*!-, $ HYJ?
– A &$H? Y{$, !.
– ".
– L*!-.
9
You are driving your friend around Moscow in the area
Y
shown on the map. You are just entering Tverskaya
Street from Manezh Square. Explain to your friend
what is on the right and left. Before you start, examine
H
the symbols on the map.
.
«T -!». "...
Y
2. &
mH, (*Q . You came out at the
A:' metro station and you are now
#H
facing Tverskaya Street. Ask a passer-by politely
for directions to the locations on the map.
S1: *$, "*!-, $ "
«S»?
S2: G, ". H Y .
.. ]Y
Y
S1: ".
S2: L*!-. -- Y
or:
S1:
+ $, "*!-, $ - #
« » !$?
S2: $, $!$.
$ "&, " - ?
q< Y9$
".
S1: ".
V* 9 (J3 $?
S2: L*!-.
Tverskaya Street and the surroundings are Tverskaya Square. Other establishments that
constantly changing. Stores and restaurants have weathered the changing times are hotel
come and go, but the statue of Yuri Dolgoruki, !
and R-ò$ =, the
the founder of Moscow, is still standing on lower house of the Russian Parliament.
96
YJ 4
-'HHY_Y"
The city of St. Petersburg was built by Czar Peter The original Germanic name of the city,
the Great as J
]
YJ(, a window to the -L$$= (1703–1914) was russified
west (literally: Europe). Construction of the city to L$ (1914–1924), and renamed
began in 1703 and was conducted according 9$ after Lenin’s death in 1924. The
to the architectural plans devised by Peter. original name -L$$= was restored
St. Petersburg was the capital of the Russian in 1991. Nowadays the city is sometimes called
empire from 1712 until the spring of 1918, simply L$.
when the revolutionary government declared
Moscow the capital of the new Soviet Russia.
= #
Y-J
9 (J3 $? %m $
YV-, "$H qJ$9 &V «=YQ*».
^ ( Y? V $.
&<
QH9 ^ _- ? V
(Y(V.
^ &$QH? %m $
YV-.
Category Name
1. -+ *
+'$
2. « »
« ».
3. " 9
4. =! ""
5. + $
$
6. $ «»
7. "!F
"!F
+'$ 7
4. Check your skills. +?
A. How would you . . .
1. ask politely for directions to different places
2. give directions using there, here, straight ahead, right, left, far,
and near
3. thank a person for information
4. accept thanks
5. ask about the name of a street or building
98
YJ 4
Expressing Location
R$ ? A
+H. The preposition
(in)
R$ 9+? A
-+H. is used for all nouns
R$ 9? A
!H. introduced so far in
R$ ? A "(H. this lesson except
the following:
4.4 Prepositional Case of Singular Nouns "($, $,
=! $, and
"!F . Refer to the
5. !$H m? All these tourists are visiting different places. Where are
grammar section for
they now? further details.
S1: R$
?
7. . q H??
A. What do you think they sell in stores with the following signs? List
all items in the plural.
Аудио – Видео
Книги
1. telephones
2. computers
3. cameras
4. bicycles
5. motorcycles
100
YJ 4
mH 7 -'?
$ H -'.
8. .
H??
A. You were assigned to write a Russian-language travel brochure for
your city. Using the words below as a starting point, brainstorm
some catchy phrases to be used in the brochure.
Model: % $
'$, +$!)'$ ï , ...
mH /
!$
$ +$!)'$ +' -+
$ !
$ =! ' $'
'$ $$ -' $'
'$ : $ "!F '
$'$ '$ " - $ '
B. You are at a Moscow bookstore. Ask if they have the items listed.
They do not, and the clerk always suggests something else.
S1: % $
" $ *-!'?
S2: $, - $
ŧ $ *-ŧ!'.
Q
– 7 ($
' . Y != !l 7 1founded
1147- =. $! (1) – 7 $2 <. G : '$ 2heart
E! 0!* (3) – + ) $7 . ! 7in the whole world
C. 'YQ
$ H(YQ
$ ? Correct the statements if necessary.
1. Y != – } $ ².
2. E $! : '$ .
3. R% – } ' - $ .
4. k E! 0!* – }
.
5.
($ -+ – } !$ + $.
6. 0!
$ : "!F .
102
YJ 4
9. = YQ 9 (J3 $?.
A. Look at the map. Explain in Russian what is on the right, on the left,
and straight ahead, if you are . . .
1. standing in the middle of Red Square facing St. Basil’s Cathedral
2. standing in the middle of Red Square facing the Historical
Museum
B. Point to various buildings and ask your classmates to name them.
Q
"!F
(2): $!
(1), k E! 0!* (3)
- $ : R% (5)
$': 0!
$ (6)
-+ :
($ -+ (4), -+ . .. L= (7)
': $"!
(8)
! : ! . 9 (9)
" : !$ (10)
Q – ķ- ķ.
104
YJ 4
Describing Your House or Apartment
= J
<H QY<H
YmY<
V.
H.
!$H
< *
5H? 8 *
_
H.
F$* .
(H.
*?
* = ' * )
' * )
' * )$
/ * ) * =
Q1 $Y&?{
!! * = ($.
2])] № 3
<?
106
YJ 4
10. !$H m *
_?
A. Practice questions and answers according to the model.
$
YmY $Q/ 3H*mH
9 X
X
$$ X
E! X
L$' X
B. Find out where your fellow students live. Do most of them live in
houses, apartments, or residence halls? How about you?
YmYH
Since many apartments are very small, the on the walls. If the family is religious, an icon,
rooms may serve several purposes. The living ž (a religious image painted on wood),
room doubles as a formal dining room and/ may stand in a special icon corner on a shelf.
or parents’ bedroom. Thus, Russians often call
this room simply ?1Q9 J . Kitchens
are also small, but, nevertheless, typical places
for entertaining close friends. In traditional
Russian apartments the V and the
18,9
Q 9 (bathroom) are separate: the former
11,4
contains the toilet bowl only, and the latter a
bathtub and sink.
8,5
Russian apartments do not have full carpeting.
Instead, they have wood or linoleum floors
with rugs of different sizes. In addition, certain
oriental (Bukharan, etc.) rugs may be hung
Y
Q?
(m?H<
11. !$H H*m
5Y? Ask and answer questions about the two pictures.
R$ //!$*...? or Z //!$* ...?
YJ
In recent years, some de- In these types of houses,
velopers have started catering ro oms are t y pi c a l ly
to wealthier Russians by labeled for their use:
building elite suburban villages, "m 9 (living room),
(5, with townhouses, J
9 (dining room),
qQ<, and detached $V 9 (children’s room),
houses, V$*, especially (Q?9 (bedroom),
around Moscow. V (office), etc.
108
YJ 4
12. ? Draw a
floor plan of your family’s
house or apartment and 3.62
Ãapäepo 2.27
explain the drawing to Ãapa
27.54 1.38
your classmate. Include the Äeòa
furnishings in all rooms. 4.87
14.26 Xo
o
7.11 2.27 24.34
Baa
yõíÿ 7.13 Baa
6.87 6.54
Ãoñòèíaÿ
Ka
17.16 C
a
15.42 Ka
39.25
15.42
T
13.2
?
.
1 ², 1south
2
.
!, "! #,
# 2avenue
#$ .
! %
&'!, !
a(
%
. )
*"!
, !+'
&'
, .
". - /
&'
!
. 0
#$
1. !" , $3 !
. 3lower
#
1
.
'
. 0 &'!$
-
' .
'$
!.
&'!$ 3 4&
.
&'!$
#$ 3.
- /
!
. 4 !
', '#$
*.
# !,
$ '
.
&
5
$.
A. Answer the questions in English.
1. Where is Natasha’s apartment located?
2. How many floors are there in the building?
3. On which floor does she live?
4. How does she probably get downtown from her apartment?
5. How many rooms are there in the apartment?
6. How many people are in Natasha’s family?
7. Where do you think her parents sleep?
? 109
B. Correct the false statements.
1.
3
.
2. 6"
"!
%
.
3.
!
# ".
4.
.
5. 7
.
6. 6" &
.
Chapter Review
А. Yоu should now be able to . . .
1. describe the location of buildings
2. ask for and give directions to а place
3. thank somebody and respond to а thank you
4. inquire about the name of something For self-tests and additional practice,
please go to the Book Companion
5. say where people are Site, available at www.wiley.com/
college/nummikoski
6. describe things in the plural with adjectives For access to the videos, please go to
the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
7. say whether уоu live in а house, apartment, or residence hall your access code at www.wiley.com/
college/wrk
8. describe the furnishings of your house or apartment
В. Helicopter Tour. You and a Russian visitor rented a helicopter for an easy sight-seeing tour of your
city. Explain what is on the right, on the left, and straight ahead while you are flying past all the
important landmarks. Make your narrative as interesting as possible.
C. Hollywood Home. Pretend to be a famous movie star. Give a Russian visitor a tour of your mansion.
110
4
Extra
A. For Sale and Wanted. Examine the advertisements and find out the
following.
1. Which of the sales advertisements are not for housing?
2. Which For Sale advertisement would you call to buy a TV?
3. Which houses or apartments for sale are not located in Moscow?
4. Which of the houses or apartments is probably the largest? Smallest?
5. Which one would you buy?
B. Match the Wanted advertisements with the closest possible For Sale
advertisement.
Продаю (For Sale) Куплю (Wanted)
1. Продаю 2-комнатную 6. Продается комната 16 кв.м в A. Большую квартиру в Москве.
квартиру. Тел. 203-62-83. двухкомнатной квартире. Тел. 323-67-53.
2. Продаю добермана. Тел. Тел. 287-98-67. B. Куплю квартиру на Южном
158-87-67. 7. Продаю щенков мини- берегу Крыма. Тел. 342-01-81.
3. Большую дачу на берегу шнауцера. Тел. 232-98-58. C. Куплю дачу недалеко от
Балтийского моря. 35 км от 8. Дом в Крыму с садом, Петербурга. Тел. 224-98-66.
Петербурга. Тел. 238-78-46. на берегу Азовского моря. D. Куплю большую собаку. Тел.
4. Цветной телевизор «Восток». Тел. 56-4-89. 122-45-22.
Тел. 234-78-95.
5. Продаю большую квартиру
в центре. Тел. 129-64-56.
Word Building
Roots
A root is a simple linguistic base (a fragment of a word) from which words
are derived by phonetic change, additions, or both. Knowing the basic root
may help you understand other related words. Some simple words can also
be a basis for word derivation. In the following two examples, the first one
shows derivation from a word (
'), the second from a root (-).
guest
- truth, right
a on the right
( hotel
right
truth
#$ hospitable
to the right
rule
living room,
' correctly
guest room
Here are some more vocabulary items from this chapter. Connect the words
in the top row to the words they are derived from.
*
' &8
!
'
' to sleep
bathtub
? 111
!""!#$!
4.1 Personal Pronouns
Yоu have already learned that the personal pronouns
(he),
(she),
and
(they) refer to animate masculines and feminines. The same
forms are used to refer to masculine and feminine inanimate nouns. The
pronoun
refers to neuter nouns. The forms
/
/
/
replace
the noun they refer to and agree with it in gender and number.
9 $ %
? &
'. Where is my magazine? It is here.
9
? &
. Where is my book? It is there.
9 3
? &
'. Where is my radio? It is here.
9
? &
. Where аrе my books? They аrе there.
Note: Since
/
/
/
are replacer pronouns, the noun they refer
to is not present in the same sentence.
)
$ '(. &
!$. This is my motorcycle. It is
expensive.
)
$ (. &
1. This is my father. Не is а
professor.
Another noun can be present in the sentence.
)
)
. &
!+'
+ %.
This is my friend Natasha. She is а very nice girl.
Это (not а replacer pronoun) is used when the same nоun is repeated in
the second sentence.
)
7
)(. * !+' &'
)(.
This is Tverskaya Street. It is а very big street.
)
?
, +
.
Is this уоur book? No, it/this is not my book.
)
$ (? ,, + $ (.
Is this уоur father? Yes, it/this is my father.
1. Fill in
/
/
/
or +.
1. #
, ' !+
? _____
, .
2. 9 '
*
? _____
,
.
3. )
?
, _____ .
4. 9
( «(
'»? _____
, .
112
4
5. 9 ' &? _____
, ca.
6. )
7
(. _____ !+' &'
(.
7. )
$
'?
, _____
$
'.
8. 7#
', 3
?
,
:, _____.
9. )
&
. _____ &'
.
10. )
6
$$ . _____ !+' #$ .
2. Rewrite the sentences using the demonstrative pronoun +/+/+.
Model: )
!#$
. *
1.
1. )
&'
&&
. 6. )
!
.
2. )
!#$
!. 7. )
!$ *
.
3. )
' (. 8. )
'!.
4. )
('. 9. )
! !.
5. )
#$ *$. 10. )
"!$ .
If you compare two different items, you need another demonstrative
pronoun // (that).
*
&'!$, (
)
'$.
This TV is big, but that оnе is small.
*
, () 3.
This car is expensive, but that оnе is cheap.
* '!
, ('!) !.
This letter is old, but that оnе is new.
? 113
3. Compare the two items according to the model.
114
4
B. 2 versus ()). Like "
', the verb
2 (to be called) is used primarily in the third-person
forms, referring to inanimate objects. This verb belongs to the first
conjugation group.
2
4. Fill in
32,
2, or ).
1. )
( ___________________________ @"!
#$ .
2. 9 ___________________________ &&
?
3. > ___________________________ /
?
4. A! ___________________________ 6'.
5. > ___________________________ /
('?
6. 0
! ___________________________ !.
7. > ___________________________ /
(?
8. > ___________________________?
9. 9 ___________________________ >'?
10. )
&'!
___________________________ 94.
5.
ŧ 2…? Ask questions according to the model.
Remember to use the сorrесt forms of demonstrative pronouns.
Model: (
2 + )(?
1.
2. &&
3.
4. ('
5. *$
? 115
4.4 Prepositional Case of Singular Nouns
In this lesson you will learn the prepositional case of nouns. The prepositional
case is used with the prepositions в (in, at) and на (on, at) to express location.
?
.
Where is Sasha? Не is at the library.
The prepositional case ending is added to the noun in place of the nominative
case ending. The prepositional case ending is -e for most nouns.
Nominative Prepositional
Masculine
-
-
Feminine -
-
-
(See note 1)
()- (See notes 1 and 2)
!- ! (See note 3)
Neuter -
-
-
(See note 3)
Note 1: Feminine nouns ending in the soft sign have the ending - in the
prepositional case.
–
on the square
– in bed
Note 2: Some nouns lose the vowel in the last syllable when endings are
added.
Note 3: Nouns ending in - and -e, preceded by an , have the ending -
in the prepositional case.
–
at the station
"! – "! in the residence hall
A few masculine (mostly one-syllable) nouns have an ending - in the
prepositional with the prepositions and (expressing location). In
this lesson there are three nouns of this type.
–
on the floor
– in the garden
# – # in the closet
116
4
SIMPLIFIED RULE FOR THE PREPOSITIONAL
SINGULAR OF NOUNS (SG.)
M, F, N -e
Exceptions:
feminines ending in - -
feminines ending in -
neuters ending in -
6. Answer the questions in complete sentences, using personal pronouns
and the prepositional case with the preposition or .
? 117
4.5 Nominative Plural of Nouns
You have so far learned the singular forms of nouns (the nominative and
prepositional cases). In this lesson, you will learn the nominative plural of
nouns.
1 2
– 3 !.
Tchaikovsky and Rachmaninoff are composers.
Singular Plural
Masculine
hard stem —ø
-
* —ø
$* -*
soft stem - -
-
-
Feminine
hard stem
-
-
* -
* -*
soft stem
-
-
-
-
Neuter
hard stem - ! -
soft stem
-
-
*The choice between the letters ы and и is determined by Spelling Rule 1.
118 4
Some nouns have а shifting stress. Such changes are given in dictionaries
and glossaries.
Singular Plural
! letter
window
"
sister
"
"5
6 wife
А few nouns have irregular plural endings. Dictionaries and glossaries
note these irregularities. At this point, you should recognize the following.
The most important ones are boldfaced.
Singular Plural
$ $ city
house
% % evening
# # professor
# # brother
$ $% friend
" "/ husband
6
6
/ son
&
chair
5
child/children
%
&' person/people
% % daughter
mother
Some nouns have a fleeting vowel, that is, they lose (or add) а vowel when
an ending is added.
Singular Plural
7 father
church
6 American
6 Canadian
Some nouns are indeclinable, that is, they do not change their form.
Singular Plural
radio
# # café
subway
? 119
7. Write the singular words in the plural and vice versa. This exercise
does not contain irregular forms.
1. masculines 2. feminines
$!
,
,
,
! ,
, &
,
,
,
, ,
,
6
,
$,
, 3. neuters
,
,
, ,
,
Singular Plural
Masculine
, 2,
Feminine
, 2 ,
, 2,*
*
Neuter
, 2,
*Spelling Rule 1 is applied.
120 4
8. Write the corresponding questions.
Model: 9
/ !6 . ( $ #% ?
1. 9
/
! . 6. 9
.
2. 9
!6 . 7. 9
$
7 !
.
3. 9
$ 6 !
6. 8. 9
/ !%
6 /.
4. 9
2 2
!$. 9. 9
5
.
5. 9
5 $!
. 10. 9
2
6
6.
? 121
Note 1: Notice the difference between the masculine singular ),
(with ) and the plural ), (without ) with а
stress on the final . In textbooks, the stressed syllables have an accent
mark on the vowel, which should not be confused with the “hat” of
.
(hat required) !
(accent mark optional)
$ (hat required) / (accent mark optional)
Note 2: Third-person forms (his), её (her), and их (their) remain the
same in all four forms, including the plural.
Singular Plural
< $ < $
< 5 . < 5 .
< 2 < 2
10. Rewrite the sentences in the plural. This exercise contains some
of the most important irregular nouns (marked with an asterisk).
122 4
Vocabulary
Note: The core vocabulary is boldfaced.
Nouns Housing
In the city # & balcony
drugstore bathroom
# bank garage
##& library
living room
#&2 hospital dacha, summer
house
city
f. door
2 hotel
children’s room
) house
# office
building
араrtment
3 indecl. café
) room
cinema
corridor
) store
kitchen
) indecl. subway
#! residence hall
)$ museum
window
park
& floor
f. square
ceiling
post office
& bedroom
avenue
wall
restaurant
& dining room
garden
$ & toilet
stadium
5 floor, level
theater
&2 street
$) department Furnishings
store sofa
$
university
icon
f. church !
painting
& school 5 rug
? 123
armchair ) then
f. bed %) straight ahead
&) lamp %) close by
poster
& on the left
shelf
on the right
& table ) there
$& chair
3 cabinet Prepositions
+ prep. in, at
Adjectives + prep. on, at
!
6 writing (adj.)
~стол writing desk Verbs
кн!жный book (adj). !, / is/are hanging
~
bookshelf (I), to live
~6 # bookcase , ",
&, & is/are lying
Pronouns
, is/are called
, , , he/she/it/they 1
, , , that/those
, is/are located
+, + , +, + this/these
,
% is/are standing
Adverbs
Phrases
! near
| go
where
| excuse me
& far
&$
please, you’re
here welcome
& to the left
| say, tell
to the right
124 4
5 (:% $)
"?
&$
@A [B-B-] –
5
6 @6
) A
1. ( .
A. Define the following geographical names.
3. ,! 7. A
10. D&
4. < (Erie)
126 5
<
.
<
.
new adjectives:
6
!
< $6. $
$
?
• $
-F&$
• +$
• '
- • E
!
• C!
!
• D
' – 3
?
А у вас?
• ,! – 3
!
?
• A
?
• A
% – 3 6
! $6?
• < – 3 $
î.
Ëäî !
$
?
-
"? 127
Points of the compass
ñšâåð
ñšâåðî−çŧïàä ñšâåðî−âîñòžê
çŧïàä âîñòžê
ºãî−çŧïàä ºãî−âîñòžê
þã
B
.
' -.
B
.
' ;$-.
?
B '.
' ;$-.
B .
' -.
B.
2 3 $?
1. ,
6. 0
$
2.
-C
ķ 7. E
3.
-H$ 8. H
4. E
-Ÿ" 9. '>-I
5. A
10. +-0$
128 5
3. @&%
– + #&
. Read the following рlасе
names located оn or close to the North American continent. Тhеn
describe them, including at least оnе descriptive adjective and the
approximate location. Use the new adjectives $
or 6
where appropriate.
3. F
/ $
8. '6
4. F3-! 9. K
5. J"
H 10. C
!
Making Comparisons
= &,
) 3 .
comparatives comparatives
#&
!
) 6
& long & 2 &
short !6
$
&#
6
6 D
"? 129
4.
3 ;>@.
А. = ). Facts and opinions. Answer the questions.
1. D $
: '>-I !
H
?
2. D
4. A
/ J"
H
8. , +-0$
130 5
A
/ – 3
) #& A.
! – 3
) #&
!.
E
– 3
) &$# !.
D $6 – 3
)
!.
0 10,000,000 20,000,000
1. D
!?
2. D!
6
, % @A?
3. D
J"
A
?
4. D
A
?
5. D
A
, % @A?
6. = ).
А. Make up а geography quiz using the items listed.
Model: D
6 6 / / / 6 ...
!
6 A
$
$ (in your state)
2 $6
!
6
"? 131
В. Find out what your classmates think about different cities and states.
Model:
,
?
C. You are invited to give a lesson on the geography of the United States
to Russian schoolchildren. Show them the location of all possible
landmarks, cities, states, and the like, and give some interesting facts
and opinions.
? 5.1 (E) Preposition o
–
.
!
,
"
#$!
.
– %
. &
'
–
&
(.
– ),
1
1flow
: *, + %. -
– /'
,
$#
!,
)'
. 0
–
Russia is a transcon-
. "
) '
tinental country.
2
3
4,
#
3
.
The Ural Mountains
-3$
'
4
,
3
%
divide Russia into two
)-6
.
continents: Europe and
"
– 3
,
, 7
132 5
7. "
. Describe the following places with an adjective, and give
their approximate location оn the map.
Model: 0
–
"
.
1. % 4. ! 7. )'
2. 3
5. 4 8. +
3.
&
( 6.
8. #$ #
.
А. Look at the captions on the charts. Based оn your knowledge of the
adjectives , #
, and
, what do you think
the nouns , #, and mеаn?
САМЫЕ БОЛЬШИЕ ОСТРОВА САМЫЕ БОЛЬШИЕ РЕКИ
Назвáние Плóщадь в Назвáние Длинá реки́
тыс. кв. км в км
1. Нóвая Земля́ 82,6 1. Обь-Ирты́ш 5413
2. Сахали́н 77,0 2. Амýр 4420
САМЫЕ ВЫСОКИЕ ГОРЫ 3. Лéна 4265
Назвáние гóрной Высотá сáмой 4. Енисéй 4129
страны́ высóкой верши́ны 5. Вóлга 3690
1. Большóй Кавкáз 5633 (Эльбрус)
2. Урáльские гóры 1883
САМЫЕ БОЛЬШИЕ ОЗЁРА
Назвáние Плóщадь в тыс. Сáмая большáя
кв. км глубинá в м
1. Каспи́йское мóре 424,0 980 The Caspian Sea is
2. óзepo Байкáл 31,5 1741 classified as a lake
3. óзepo Лáдога 18,4 225 because it has no outlet.
В.
.
1. 3
3
?
2.
#
3
?
3.
3
7
: % $
?
4.
3
: $
3
4?
5. 3
?
6. 3
?
7.
: % 0
?
8.
>
: 3
;
?
C. Working in pairs, ask each other more questions about the charts.
! ? 133
Political Geography
ЕВРÓПА
1.
5.
Росся
2. Москв
6.
4. 7.
3.
8.
13.
нглия
Лндон 9.
11 Гермния 10.
12 Берлн Украна
16. Кев
17.
20.
14. 15. 18.
29. 28. 19.
27. 26.
Испния 25. 21.
30. Мадрд 24.
Итлия 23.
Рим 22.
134 5
9. ( ? Quiz а classmate on European geography.
)D , capital of
S1: 0
'
%
?
Russia (genitive case). Similarly:
all countries ending in -. But:
S2: 0 . % – %*, C
–
and: S1: 3
) ? C
, 6
– 6
,
4
– 4
.
S2: C.
Find the following former republics on the map on the front endpapers and
answer the questions.
•
>
$ '
6
? (3)
• 3
? (3)
• 0 )
3? (5)
-* '8 4- /
)
1. H
D, C
2. J
/
3. %
4. % 0R
5. 4
C
6. ;
7. C
9
8. O3 /
9. +
10. 3
7 4
11. 3'
12. ;3
/
13. /#
'
14. 3 4
15. /7 -#
! ? 135
10.
.
A. Using the map of Russia on the front endpapers, arrange the cities
on the chart in two groups based on their location.
+
$
3
Àðõíãåëüñê
Âëàäèâîñòê
Âîëãîãðä
Åêàòåðèíáðã
Èðêòñê
Êàçíü
Ìîñêâ
Ìðìàíñê
Íæíèé Íâãîðîä
Íîâîñèáðñê
Îìñê
Ðîñòâ−íà−Äîí
Ñàìðà
Ñàíêò−Ïåòåðáðã
Ñ÷è
Óô
Õàáðîâñê
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
В. Answer the questions based оn the chart. Refer to the mар of Russia
оn the front endpapers for location.
1.
?
2.
?
3.
?
4.
... (оn the coast)
?
?
?
5.
!": # $ ?
6.
!"?
7.
!": -% & ?
8.
'?
9.
(?
10.
) *?
136 5
Saying Where You Live and Used to Live
1 .
( + $? 2 (3, 4) .
+ + $? 5 (6, 7…) .
%B !.
8 /
/ !
' 8 /
/
!
/.
/
/ !
:
?
• (
+?
• (
+ ?
• 0
+ !"?
• (
+ "
?
• ! + ?
• 0
+ " ! / 2" /
2"?
! ? 137
11. % & ?
А. Have short conversations with your classmate according to the
model.
S1: ( + "?
S2: / + 3.
S1: (
?
S2: ( $.
S1: ! + $? / /
+ $?
S2: '! . :
' ! ...
12. " ! ? Who lives where? Read the statements and match the
cities with the correct people.
138 5
3. %8: $
F! . /
) *.
4. <
': $
!". /
* , -);
.
5. D: , + .
6. :&: $
F!
,
.
7. D: $
!" 3 , ;-2,
.
8. :': $
I, '.
9. ': , +
.
10. 3
': $
C .
%-2,
+! F", F
. %F?3 %, F4 3why / 4because
2 ! 5
ŧ, ! , F )
2
6 ".7 K! 5our own / 6clean air / 7quiet
;.8 8peaceful
$H ) / . ,
8, F +!
F.
, 8 +)! + !"
, $. C
",
. $
!" +
, ; ! 2+9 9already
% .
! ? 139
А.
.
1. ( (!F
+
?
2. C ( 3N !
?
3. ( + ?
4. (
, F +!
F?
5. 3
+ +
?
6.
+ $?
7. %F (why)
, F +!
, F
?
C. 6o-. Make a list of items you believe are typical of the two
locations (good schools, universities, rivers, forest, restaurants,
people, etc.). Then defend your opinion.
Model: %-ž2, ... +!, ; F !...
ž
:
:
Chapter Review
A. You should now be able to. . .
1. describe landmarks using: geographical terminology
adjectives (long/short, high/low,
deep/shallow)
points of the compass
For self-tests and additional practice,
2. explain the location of landmarks, cities, states, and countries please go to the Book Companion
Site, available at www.wiley.com/
3. compare two items regarding their size, age, quality, and interest value college/nummikoski
4. express your opinion about the relative value of something For access to the videos, please go to
the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
5. ask and answer questions about the ranking of more than two items your access code at www.wiley.com/
college/wrk
(superlative)
6. ask and answer questions about: what country, state, and city you live in
how many years you have lived in a place
where you used to live
140 5
B. Interview. Interview a classmate. Find out where his or her parents and
other relatives live and how long they have lived there. Where did they
live before? Then report the results of your interview.
E. Show and Tell. Pretend that you are promoting tourism to a country or
state of your choice. Show on a map its location, bordering states and
countries, the capital, rivers, mountains, and so on. Be sure to include
several adjectives to describe the size, beauty, and interest value of the
items you mention.
! ? 141
Word Building
The noun has two basic meanings: world and peace. It appeared in
$#3C $#3! Реасе to the World! (1iterally, Tо the world, peace.), which
was а common slogan in Soviet days. In addition, was the name of
а Russian space station and part of the title of Leo Tolstoy’s famous novel
«( » (War and Реасе).
is аn island. Тhе prefix () means half. Therefore,
is а half-island, оr peninsula. Incidentally, the word peninsula
is formed in the same way, from the Latin words раеnе (almost) and insula
(island).
Тhе Russian for east is . In addition, was the name of
а series of Russian spaceships. Yuri Gagarin’s spacecraft was B-1.
Тhе word also appears in % , а city оn the east coast of
Russia. %- comes from the vеrb (to rule), so (
is
the ruler оf the east.
А variation of the Russian word for а city (-) appeared in the names
of some Soviet cities: %
,
, (
(Stalingrad
1925–1961),
. Тhe full word appears in &
(literally, new city), а city in сеntral Russia with а history spanning more
than а thousand years.
Маnу names of Russian cities, especially those in Siberia, end in the
suffix -. These cities are usually relatively young. Among them are
$ , 0
!, /, , # , & , and
R . /n of them,
, has been renamed with its original
Germanic name E .
Match the English with the corresponding Russian words. Some items
were discussed in this section, whereas others relate to the vocabulary of
Chapter 5.
world war F
the ruler of the world !"
Bolshevik (
half а уеаг 'ŧ! (o
minority !"
majority
capital vodka !"
Far East ;
142 5
:<<:IJ":
5.1 Prepositional Case of Nouns (with в, на, and о)
The prepositional case, as you learned in Chapter 4, is used to express
location with the prepositions and and the ending -. In this lesson,
the prepositional case is used in the following new constructions:
А. Points of the compass. Notice the preposition in this
construction.
in the north
in the east
I in the south
);
in the west
В. Names of places. You have already learned that nouns ending in
-8 or - and feminines ending in а soft sign have exceptional
prepositional case endings. Many place names fall into these
categories. Place names consisting of letter abbreviations are not
declined.
Ending
Feminines ending in -8: -
0 0
3 3
Feminines ending in а soft sign: -
!
* ! *
Abbreviations: none
=0 =0
! ? 143
D. The preposition becomes in front of nouns beginning with two
соnsonants, the first оnе of which is оr #.
@ A @ A
(
(
!8
1. Finish the sentences.
Model: '
(
). I,
1.
( ).
2. -@ A – T !"
();
).
3.
(8).
4. &!8-U
( -).
5.
(0).
6. ( "
(%!").
7. D2
(D ).
8. E – T !" ( !).
9. $
(* !).
10. , + (=0).
144 5
3. 0;;F / ) / /
4. -% / /
/ -);
5.
/
/ /
6. * / 2 / ) / !
7. & XH / !" / /
8. (
/
/
9. 3 / /
/ #
10. (Seine) / !" / / @ A
! ? 145
5. Write the corresponding questions.
Model: / . ?
/ $. $ ?
1. ,
8 .
2. /
8 ".
З. $ ; )
.
4. , I C .
5. $
2".
146 5
Note 2: These comparatives cannot be immediately followed by a noun.
0H !", F
.
Note 3: These comparatives can also be used to compare adverbs.
" well F" better
$ ;-S A) 4$', F .
!8
6. Compare the following items according to the model.
Model: H " / H " / < ' 4$',
" $ '.
1. H / / !"
2.
/
/
3. T ) / ) / 2
4.
/ 0H / !
5. T / /
6. T / /
7. 3 / =0 / !"
8. T 2 / 2 /
9. ;-2 / * / ' /
10. H " / H " /
"
! ? 147
5.3 Superlative of Adjectives
To compare more than two items, the superlative (the best, the longest,
the most beautiful, etc.) is used. The superlative is formed bу adding
the adjective
& (the most) before the adjective + noun phrase. Тhе
adjective
& agrees with the noun it modifies.
$ – T
& -'& 3.
Moscow is the biggest city in Russia.
/! – T
8 8
3.
The Ob is the longest river in Russia.
* – T
- .
Baikal is the deepest lake in the wоrld.
) – T
3.
The Caucasus Mountains аrе the highest mountains in Russia.
!
8. Form questions in Russian to find out the following information.
Model: the biggest city in Russia "
8
&
-'& ?
1. the highest mountain in the world
2. the biggest state in America
3. the biggest country in the world
4. the deepest lake in the world
5. the oldest city in Russia
6. the biggest island in the world
7. the longest river in Africa
8. the tallest building in Moscow
9. the most interesting city in America
10. the best country in the world
11. the most beautiful state in America
12. the biggest lake in America
13. the best university in Russia
14. the most famous church in Moscow
15. the biggest island in Russia
148 5
5.4 Prepositional Case of Adjectives: в какóм / в какóй
Adjectives agree with the noun they modify not only in gender and number
but also in case. In this lesson you will need the prepositional case of the
adjective &. The prepositional case of adjectives is discussed in detail
in Chapter 6. For the time being, memorize the following three questions.
(
? In what city? (with the masculine noun )
( "? In what state? (with the masculine noun ')
( & ? In what country? (with the feminine noun
)
Note: In Russian, the preposition always precedes the word(s) it modifies.
In colloquial English, the preposition can bе at the end of the sentence.
Compare the following:
What city do you live in? In what city do you live?
%
+"!? %
+"!?
!
9. Write the corresponding questions.
Model: /) *
% & ,8
3. G&
?
1. , + /
.
2. $ + D .
3. / + (
.
4. -'
S .
5. $
+ # .
6. $ + 0 .
7. '
.
8. % )
=0 + (".
9. $
* .
10. !
$.
!
10. Fill in
/
/ .
21 _____ 14 _____ 32 _____ 18 _____
11 _____ 23 _____ 101 _____ 13 _____
5 _____ 33 _____ 48 _____ 44 _____
!
11. How would you ask . . .
150 5
5.7 Past Tense of Verbs: Introduction
The past tense of verbs is formed from the infinitive. Take off the infinitive
ending -!, and add the past tense endings.
- (for masculines: / / )
- (for feminines: / / )
- (for neuters: )
- (for plurals and formal address: / / )
-! ,
, F !" +
. (a man
addressing another male)
-! *2" ;-. (a feminine noun
as subject)
+-! # ! F,
+ !"? (one person
addressed formally)
+-! %! + ;. (a neuter noun as subject)
See Chapter 9, grammar point 9.5 for more details.
Vocabulary
Nouns
Geographical terminology
pl.
country
pl.
mountain ' state
pl.
city
Points оf the compass
) gulf
map east
continent
west
world north
pl. sea B south
pl. lake
ocean Other nouns
pl.
island ( ) coast
peninsula )
2
air
pl.
, , year, years
pl. river
countryside, village
; republic +)! f. life
) capital climate
! ? 151
2 club 4 $ because
forest how much, how many
L pl. people ; (it is) peaceful
opinion ; ! now
" quiet, silence 2+ already
S fact
Prepositions
Adjectives o + prep. about
F arctic
²" former Verbs
F east(ern) ! (I) to live
& tall ! 4, ! ', ! 4
-& deep past tense: !, !
, !, !
& long
);
west(ern) Proper Names
& short 0) Asia
& low : America
& the most * the Baltic Sea
north(ern) ) Caucasus
2 ;F subtropical ) Caucasus Mountains
F clean ; Caspian Sea
I+ south(ern) Crimea
Arctic Ocean
Comparatives <
Moscow
-' bigger, more 8 Russia
N" higher, taller +-6-4 St. Petersburg
longer ! f. Siberia
+ deeper
+Q: U.S.А.
more interesting
Pacific Ocean
more beautiful
C Urals
4$' better
C ! Ural Mountains
' smaller, less
+ lower Black Sea
, " older
Other
Adverbs B ! all one’s life
for a long time one’s own
$4 why $ than
152 5
6 (Q& )
%
- 4$?
"
#? K $. The English
-? K -B -). equivalents of
/
" A ;
" ' ) #? !. ; S? can
-? -
«». also be “What
do you do?”
6.1 The Verb рабóтать and “What does
- your father do?”
8
"!
/ 8
#8 -
#8 -
Did you know that the
English word robot
2F!/A " S S ()
is derived from the
; ;
! 2 ;
A/ ) Slavic root -,
; S ;
]A meaning to work?
! +2 )
F !A V S
/ ;
S
) 8
)2 F
+
;
!
2
8
S SA/
! ()
+ S ()
)H
No preposition is
)
()
A needed in дžма (at
H home). The corre-
;! sponding phrase with
;
F a preposition, в
ž,
2F means in the house.
S)
154 6
6!
#
In the Soviet Union, prestige was equated not with the oversaturated market, whereas !
the highest salary, but rather with the intellectual will again be in high demand.
level of the profession. Thus, professors, scientists,
writers, and actors were held in much higher T #
esteem than were people in business or law.
Engineering, although not of the highest prestige, Soviet women played an active role in the
was another popular career choice for Soviet men job market. They worked in factories and
and women. Interestingly, many political leaders construction sites, as well as in professions
of the Soviet era were engineers by training, except requiring an advanced degree. In fact, over 60%
for Lenin and Gorbachev, who were lawyers. of the Soviet engineers and 65% of doctors were
With the fall of the Soviet Union, the attitudes women. Russian women today are interested
towards financial gain changed drastically, and in the same professions as men and often delay
business and law quickly became the most marriage and childbearing until they have
popular career choices for new high school established themselves in their chosen career.
graduates, while enrollments in engineering On the other hand, ,& has become
programs dropped to an all-time low. Now a welcome option for some well-to-do families.
the future S
, #
, and The increasing personal wealth has also revived
B
may find it difficult to find a job in the need for a -) and a 8.
1. : 4B ? Below are the results of a survey asking about
parents’ career preferences for their children. Examine the table and answer
the questions below.
В. Find out what your classmates’ relatives do for а living. Use the
dialogue in А as а model. Ask your teacher for other professions if
you need them.
156 6
4.
. Advertisement.
А. You are working in а company looking for more employees. Which
ad in column А would you contact if you were looking for . . .
1. а specialist in computer graphics
2. а person to help уоu set uр а branch office in Rome
3. а field correspondent for your magazine
4. an advertising agent
%
- 4$? 157
( 2 ( & "
0 %F? '
@
F?
/ /
A 2)!&
2 . ".
В. Interview two or three classmates. Find out whether they work or not.
If they do, ask what kind of place they work in. Your classmates should
describe the places with at least two adjectives. Also find out where they
worked before.
158 6
F
$
2
2
$. (. .
S1:
,
0?
S2: ,
8, F
A A .
S1: 0
F ?
S2: / F 2)! ".
D
8 SA? / 8 ,.
?
, ,.
?
A, 8,.
160 6
B. Find out your partner’s preferences about places to study and work.
Use the prepositional plural, as in the model.
Model:
"!,
F" 2F!: !"
2
!
2
?
46328_06_F07
• S?
• F?
S1: 0 +?
S2: &,
.
%
- 4$? 161
10. :
. Applications.
A. The following реорlе are coming to visit your university. In order
to place them with appropriate host families, you need to get some
information about them. Look at the first form and answer the
questions. Then ask similar questions about the other three forms.
Pay attention to the
1. S? 5. 2
? way addresses are
2. F? 6. ; ; S? written: city, street,
3. / +? 7. D
? house number,
4. (
+?
apartment number.
Фами́лия: Кли́мов
Имя и óтчество: Валéрий Бори́сович
Семéйное положéние: женáт
Адрес: г. Санкт-Петербýрг, ул. Рáзина, д. 1, кв. 23
Профéссия: экономи́ст
Мéсто рабóты: Балти́йский банк
Фами́лия: Антóнова
Имя и óтчество: Ольга Ивáновна
Семéйное положéние: разведенá
Адрес: г. Владивостóк, ул. Востóчная, д. 2, кв. 9
Профéссия: преподавáтель матемáтики
Мéсто рабóты: Дальневостóчный университéт
Фами́лия: Симакóв
Имя и óтчество: Антóн Сергéевич
Семéйное положéние: хóлост
Адрес: г. Толья́тти, ул. Лáрина, д. 6, кв. 17
Профéссия: инженéр
Мéсто рабóты: Вóлжский автозавóд
Фами́лия: Смирнóва
Имя и óтчество: Анна Пáвловна
Семéйное положéние: не зáмужем
Адрес: г. Москвá, ул. Вави́лова, д. 3, кв. 45
Профéссия: перевóдчик
Мéсто рабóты: фи́рма «Транс-Хелп»
B. How would you fill out the form for yourself? Ask and answer
questions as above.
162 6
Talking About Work and Study Schedules
;
!.
.
.
"
? , 8 F .
;HA.
2.
!.
(
!
& ? &, ! ) $.
1 $. Also:
+ $ ? 2 (3, 4) $
. F 0.5 hrs
B 5 (6, 7, ...) $ .
F 1.5 hrs
2 & F 2.5 hrs
5 & F 5.5 hrs
6.8 Time Expressions: (For) How Many Hours?
%
- 4$? 163
11. "
-B? , $? + $ ?
/! ; .
1. +
!? &,
4, $, ...
2.
# !?
3. ! F 0
2?
4. F ?
?
5. ! F
8 x ?
Make up five more questions about the chart and ask а partner to Russians often use a
answer them. 24-hour clock.
12. %
-
!
& ? Find out which of your classmates
work. How many hours per week? Who works the most hours?
O
& 8!
А. For each story, find the following information: the number of family
members, marital status of the head of the household, professions
and/or place of work or study. Then summarize the stories according
to the model.
"!, "!A student (in a secondary school)
Model: / "!A. / F
H . E ...
1. $H ) /. , 2F! ",
H . $
+
2
,
A
$N. $H ), ;;
. / +. $
)
N.
2. $H ) '. , 2F! ;A! "
). $H V, ;; + . $H
" H FN e
. / F " .
3. $H ) E. , F-;
ž8 ;
No 23. C H !
, . / ] F ".
+ A. / . / 2+ ;.
164 6
4. $H ) 0. , 2
F
$ 2 . , + 8 S
«$ » 20 F
8 (NF ;
!,
;HA2). $H + ".
B. Group Activity. One student assumes the role of Оля, Дма, etc. in
each story. Other students ask questions.
Chapter Review
А. Yоu should now be able to . . .
1. say what a person’s profession is, where а person works and how
long he or she has worked there
2. sау that а person is unemployed or retired
3. say where а person is studying For self-tests and additional practice,
4. say in what kinds of places students normally work please go to the Book Companion
Site, available at www.wiley.com/
5. ask and answer questions about last name, first name, and college/nummikoski
For access to the videos, please go to
patronymic; marital status; and address the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
your access code at www.wiley.com/
6. ask what day of the week it is and respond college/wrk
7. say on which days and for how many hours you work
B. Roleplay. You are planning to invite several of your Russian friend’s
relatives to visit you in the summer. You need some biographical data in
order to fill out some immigration paperwork. Ask your friend (played
by a classmate) to give you the information you need on the phone.
You will need their full names, marital status, complete addresses, and
their employment information, including length of employment.
%
- 4$? 165
Word Building
-()- A A !
) 2)!
2! 2! !
Combine these adjectives with the nouns that follow to make as many
new places of employment as possible.
Model: 2)! ", S2!
"
!A A
Acronyms
Acronyms of all kinds were abundant during the Soviet era. These were usu-
ally names of government offices, businesses, and political organizations.
Among the political acronyms were (2F I)
$
+, Young Communist League),
) (
)H,
collective farm), and ; (2F ; , Communist
party). Among company acronyms were #2 (# 2 ,
foreign tourist), D; (2
;, state planning ministry),
D (2
, state bank), and hundreds оf others.
166 6
:<<:IJ":
6.1 Тhe Verb p-
- is а regular first-conjugation verb. Write the endings here.
p-
/ŧ
In this lesson you will learn to say where people work. For the time
being, do not attempt to use expressions such as “My brother works as аn
engineer in а factory.” Instead, you can say the following.
$ + . / )
.
Му brother is аn engineer. Не works in а factory.
When you inquire about а person’s profession, you саn say:
; ; S? or ?
H ! ; ; S? ¿ !?
Notice the difference between the questions
T? and ? ?
Who is this/he/she? What is he/she? What is his/her profession?
(What does he/she do?)
!8
1. Fill in the verb - in the correct form.
1. D
?
2. , !A.
3. 0
A?
4. / )
.
5. $ .
6. 0 % ,
?
7. , 2+
T ".
8. # ! + )
!.
9. $
.
10. D
H ?
%
- 4$? 167
2. " -ž? Write complete sentences with the words given.
Remember to use the prepositional case and the correct preposition.
3 is given where applicable; otherwise, use the preposition .
Model: / K -B
.
1. /!A 6. /
2. H 2"/2) 7. /;/?
3. ) (
/S / 8. ¿ /"
4. / //? 9. A/)
//?
5. /
(no prep.) 10. T 2
/)
X
! ;-;.
Nobody speaks Japanese here.
, 8.
I do not work аnуwhеrе.
168 6
D
"!? 3. (not а complete sentence)
Whеrе do you work? Nowhere.
, $ )8 .
I do not know anything about Siberia.
!
4. Answer the questions in the negative in complete sentences.
Modеl: D
"!? K -B.
)"! 0H? K $
B -
:.
1. D
2"?
2. 0 , F ) 0 ?
3. D
8
?
4. )
! ;-?
5.
"! T (about this)?
%
- 4$? 169
!
5. Fill in the missing verb endings.
А. Adjectives. Adjectives agree with the nouns they modify, not only in
gender and number (///) but also in case. In
Chapter 5 you learned to ask:
(
+"!?
In what city do уоu live?
( & +"!?
In what соuntrу do уоu live?
In these examples, the adjectives аrе in the prepositional case along
with the nouns they modify. Examine the following.
, 8 !",
" (adjectives agree with the
. masculine noun
)
I work in а big, good rеstаurапt.
$H
"&, (adjectives agree with the
& !A. feminine noun -))
Му sister works at а good, new
hospital.
, + !" )
. (adjective agrees with the
I live in а big building. neuter noun
)
170 6
SIMPLIFIED RULE FOR ТНЕ PREPOSITIONAL
SINGULAR OF ADJECTIVES
M, N -/*
F -&/&*
*The choice between the endings -ом/ем and -ой/ей is dеtermined by Spelling
Rule З.
!" !"-
!" !"-&
but:
"
"-
"
"-&
!
6. Finish the sentences with the correct fоrm of the words in parentheses.
Masc./Neuter Fem.
Z/ Z&/&
!
7. Complete the sentences with the соrreсt form of the words in parentheses.
172 6
C. "&? What/which? What kind? The adjective & can be
used to inquire about а name оr about quality. For instance, the
following question can be аnswеrеd in two ways.
(
, + < . (indicating the name of
+"!? the city)
r: , + -'
. (indicating
quality)
Note: The adjective & has to be used in questions in which what is
followed by а noun. Thus, questions such as What city? What university?
and so on require the use of & (not $). Соmраrе the following
examples.
T?
What is this? (no noun following)
but: W
?
What city is this? (followed by a noun)
and: (
+"!?
In what city do уоu live? (followed by a noun)
!8
8. Write questions using & (
8, ) in the prepositional
case.
%
- 4$? 173
9. Addresses. Write the questions and supply the missing words in the
answers.
Model: . $, 2. ,
. 13, . 14.
%
! ? , + $.
3 & 4)? & A.
% ? (
13.
% & ? ( 14.
1. . -% , 2. X)
,
. 2, . 42.
, + C-% .
& X)
A .
2.
42.
2. . M , 2.
,
. 3, . 12.
, + .
&
A .
3.
12.
10. Finish the sentences with the preposition (about) and the
prepositional case. Remember that the preposition becomes -
when followed by а vowel sound.
Мodеl: K L - Z .
K L
'& -
.
1. $ (H ! ).
2. , F )8 (T 2 ).
3. )"! ( #)?
4. F ) (
).
5. $ F ) (H +).
6. / H (" ; S ).
7. ,
8 (" ).
8. 3 ( lot) )8 (" ).
9. ) (T 2)! ")?
10. , F )8 ( 2+).
11. Write the appropriate & questions for each of the following answers.
Model: / H
. ?
$ 3. &
?
1. , I
.
2. / $.
174 6
3. $ / .
4. / $ 2 .
5. / H (.
6. / *.
7. $ ) «0 2 S».
8. , I «0 ».
9. / H .
10. $ 0.
Nom.
Note: The preposition о becomes - before the form : обо мн
(about me).
%
- 4$? 175
!8
12. 4B? Write complete sentences
ассоrding to the model.
Model: // ! K L -,
'
- .
1. //
!
2. // !
3. //
!
4. // !
5. //
!
13. Аnswеr the questions with the negative $ (nothing), replacing
the nouns with pronouns where applicable. Remember the double
negative.
Model: )"! 0S ? K $
B &.
1. )"! ?
2. ) ?
3. )8 ?
4. ) «
'»?
5. )"! T ;?
6. )8 ?
7. ) ?
8. ) T 2 ?
9. ) 3?
10. )"!
?
176 6
6.6 Prepositional Case (Plural): Nouns
The endings for the prepositional plural are the same for all genders.
2
F 8 ,.
Students often work in restaurants.
3 2
+ ]+8, ,?
Do Russian students live in dorms or apartments?
Masc.
hard stem -ø , -,
soft stem 2) - 2)8, -8,
! -! H, -8,
Fem.
hard stem " - ", -,
soft stem ;! - ;!8, -8,
;]
! -! ;]
, -8,
Neuter
hard stem ;! - ;!, -,
soft stem )
- )
8, -8,
Pl. -,/8,
%
- 4$? 177
!
15. Complete the sentences with the prepositional plural and an
appropriate preposition.
1. /SA 8 ( ).
2. CFH 8 (").
3. $
8 (!A).
4. * 8 ().
5. W 2F 8 (2)).
6. $ ("
!).
7. , F )8 ( ").
8. H (2F!).
9. 2
+ (]+)?
Pl. -
,/,*
178 6
POSSESSIVE AND DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS:
PREPOSIТIONAL PLURAL
!8
16. Answer the question in the plural for the topics listed.
Model: / /F ?
<
, 4,,
',...
1. H ;
9.
"
2. " 2" 2
3.
2 10. T
4. " !" 11. ; S
5. ; S 12. T )
6. " 2
13. ;
7. T ;! 14.
8. ) ;) 15. " ]+
%
- 4$? 179
8. ) (our
universities)?
9. / F )8
(American schools).
10. + (these buildings)?
180 6
!
18. Look at the chart and answer the questions that follow in complete
sentences.
1.
?
2.
"?
3.
?
B. (For) How mаnу hours? You have already learned to say how many
years you have lived and worked in а place. You will now learn to say
how many hours а day or week you work.
1 2, 3, 4 5, 6, ... !
years
$ $
$ hours
! $ ? , 8 $
.
How many hours per day do you work? I work eight hours per day.
0 A NF 8 40 $ B.
Americans usually work 40 hours per week.
The forms в день (реr day) and в недлю (реr week) are time expressions
with the accusative case (like the days of the week). For the time being,
memorize these two expressions.
%
- 4$? 181
!
19. How many hours per day or week do these people work? Decide
which form (per day or week) would be the most appropriate and
write complete sentences according to the model.
Model: E/4 ( - 4 $
.
/25 +& - 25 $ B.
1. /22
2. 0/8
3. H /13
4. ; S (
/35
5. /4
6. /21
7. (
&/3
8. /1
9. /34
10. /6
Vocabulary
Note: The соrе vocabulary is boldfaced.
Nouns ! engineer
laboratory technician
Professions mathematician
architect
/-
nurse
bartender
+ manager
-- librarian
mechanic
- businessman H nanny
2
bookkeeper #)
/ waiter/waitress
veterinarian ;
F translator
$ physician
m. writer
director
m. teacher
,& housewife programmer
A maid ) salesman
! journalist pl. )*
)2 F dentist U) saleswoman
182 6
#8, profession, Days of the week
пo профссии by profession
Monday
secretary
Tuesday
! construction worker
Wednesday
2F pl. 2F scientist
$ Thursday
$ teacher (elementary,
) Friday
pl. $ secondary school)
-- Saturday
$) teacher
Sunday
# farmer
S) physicist
chemist
Other nouns
"!/, -A student (in
address
elementary and ) unemployed
secondary school) day
V economist в день per day
B lawyer !U woman
8 n. first name
place
Places
!$ man
bar
week
8 indecl. bureau
8 per week
at home $ patronymic
() factory, plant ; pension
4 institute ; retired
; company ;+ status
laboratory - job, work
S office advertisement
health clinic #8 last name
() construction site $, $
, $ hour
S () factory (light
industry) Adjectives
# () farm
city
# company
2
state, public
A center
A shopping center + women’s, female
' school (elementary
A medical
and secondary) 2)! musical
%
- 4$? 183
; + prestigious
sometimes
A ! central
!
& every day
F private
when
$B at night
Verbs NF usually
-| (I) to work ;, half
;
$8 (II) to study
уч4сь, ; F one and one
Ÿ$'8, half hours
Ÿ$8 ;F half an hour
8 today
Other vocabulary $ how many hours
4 in the morning
Marital status
!
married (of a man) Other
! married (of a … both . . . and
woman)
U still
! single (of a woman)
nowhere
,
divorced
$ nothing
*
! already
, single (of a man)
2+ not any more
Time expressions
$ in the evening
in the afternoon
184 6
7 (+& )
!
& ?
7.1 Time expressions: Hours and the nouns врéмя and час
186 7
1. "
& $?
А. Look at the map below. What is the time difference between your city
and Moscow? If you wanted to call your friend in Moscow between
7 p.m. and 9 p.m. local time, what time would it be in your city?
В. E (If )
F 12 F
, F $?
0 (
? ( 0
?
F "
,
$ 3 F
?
+(%(3:K :<(J": ++JK
# 0
!
–8 –6 –5 0 +3 +8 +10 +11
-0
+ &!8-U $ (
Discussing Mealtimes
3 «$
;!» %
X +
7:00
13:00–14:00
*)-aF 10:30
12:00
15:00
Oe
+
19:00
2
4:00
!
& ? 187
) "!? ) 8 7 $ . Russians often
% express time with
"!? ,
8 3 $
.
"
a period, not with
+"!? +8 8.30 (!
A!).
a colon.
( ! ) ? ,
) 8.
А вы?
• ( ! ) ?
• ( ) N
?
• ( !
?
• (" !H
?
188 7
2. %
B?
А. When do the following people eat their meals?
S1: ( ! ) (
/+) '?
S2: / ) 7 F.
!
& ? 189
W
. W F .
В. Find out when your classmates go to bed and when they get up.
Who sleeps the least?
.
).
? / F
;!.
.
190 7
?
...
4 4 !
!
& ? 191
4. J
. The Ivanov family.
А. Create sentences by selecting one item from each column.
S1:
;;?
S2: / +
;.
;
;; ;
2
"
; S2
" )2
$ )
F! + F )2
2"
2"
)
;" ;!
B. % -Ue!. Continue asking similar questions about various
students.
192 7
(.) ( .)
(.)
16.00 &3 2H ; 3goes home
17.00 ; )
18.00 +, +
19.00 ;
2, + +, +
20.00 )
2 2H
21.00 ; S2 )
22.00
2 , " )
, + ) ,
)2 ;!, F 2 ; S2
23.00 )
, + ;! ;
2
24.00 ; )
, + ;!
, !4
ŧ L ) .
7.5 Conjugation of Verbs
6.
4?
А. Assume the role of Sasha and have conversations as in activity 5.
S1:
"! 4 ( $ )?
S2: ( ž! Fž )ŧ 8.
!
& ? 193
В. Working with а partner, compare your typical daily schedules. Give
the time when appropriate. Remember to use the linking words.
C ...
' ...
(F ...
&F!8 ...
: 0!
*2": ? W 2".
: X
2, 2"!
?
*2": ;,
"ž. %; 2+
?
: &, ] .1 1at work
*2": 0 F
?
: $ ž +, $ ž ) .
*2": 0 F
"!?
: , )ŧ8!. C ¿ ) 2 V).3 2tomorrow / 3ехаm
*2": 0 "!? / F
?
: / 2+ ;.
*2": &2,
". ; F, F.
: ; F, 2".
А.
.
1. C ! ! ? !?
2. ": "?
3.
, F?
4. %F (why) )?
5.
$,
+?
6.
, 2" 2+ ;?
194 7
) 8,
F8 )2.
,
I ) ,
+8.
В. Describe other activities that you and your family members do (or
do not do) simultaneously. Use the verbs given as а starting point
and continue with your own ideas.
Model:
8 2 ,
(or:
) ...
! "21 (+,
"!) ! ; !2 1to drive
! 2 ;! $ (;", ;""!)
)! ! )
; !
2" ; ! e- SMS or СМС [esemes]
+! "! )2 is a text message.
"! A8 ;! (;8, ;"!)
! 2
) (+,
"!)
!
& ? 195
?
?
(
-
)
31% 18%
7% 48%
,
33% 12%
(,
!
) 0.5%
4%
" #
$
1.5%
14% ,
& $
'*: 427 20% опрос: www.u-mama.ru
9. " $
? Using the time expressions always, usually, etc., state how
often the people in the survey perform the following tasks.
В. All family members are different. Ask questions of your choice using
as many verbs from this lesson as possible. Ask your classmates or
your teacher.
2
...
2 ž!"/F"...
C. Complain about your roommate.
$
/¿
; ...
196 7
Saying Where You Are Going
.
.
? .
?
.
.
. (classes) is the
plural of .
.
.
!
. " . #$
!.
? 197
11.
? What а busy day! Where are these people going?
S1: ' (?
S2: &
.
$
)
' )
% %
* )+ ()
(
$0 * 1
#$
() )) 0
12.
? Read the dialogue. Then act it out by changing
Both
and
where уоu are going.
+ $ are possible
S1: "
! colloquial responses
S2: "
! ' ?
to ' ?
S1: *
.1 !
? 1okay
S1: :
.
$
: %
& "
1 1the days of our lives: part one
; 7, , 19 , 5
> 5:
7A +
,
B
)
C . 7
+
C
0 02, ) )3 2cafeteria / 3again
. 7
C 0, )
. 7
C +, ), + )4, 4around 5 o’clock
5
. " $ ) $
6, 5
/ 6in the city
)
7
> 5. G
8 I , > 7spend / 8soon
, , J -9
. 9fitness center (room)
198 # 7
А. '
"&.
1. L 7 +
?
2. 7
? M ?
3. 7
? M ?
4. ' )
?
5. ( +
?
6. L ) +?
7. Lo ) ?
8. & +
?
9. L +
,
?
10. L , ) )?
11. ' , 7 $ "
(is late)
? "+ ?
.
%
&
.
%.
%.
"(.
?
,
.
)
2,3,4
.
( ) 5,6,7,...
&(.
/.
(
$0
/.
? 199
13.
%
& !
ķ? Interview а classmate. Find
out how often he or she does the activities listed. Then continue the
interview using five more items of your choice.
clean the house/apartment watch TV
do the laundry make dinner
read novels
8
The verb N
N5 N
implies going on
N N foot only.
/ N N
1ķ
0 8 ¿ 6
C.
14.
%
&? )
?
А. Discuss how often these students go to the places listed.
S1: ' + Ce
¸æà N ¿?
S2: & N
5
C.
)
9
)
,!
¿ 5/ C 6/ C 3/ C 2/ C
5/ C 2/ 4/ C 1/
2/ 1/ 4/ 1/ C
1/ 2/ 6/ 2/ C
J -
3/$ 3/ 5/ C —
200 # 7
В. Find out how often your classmates go to the following places.
S1: (
C N ?
or: ' + N ?
S2: N5 3
C.
$
()
J -
15. 9 %
& 8 ? You meet а friend on the street. Your
friend wants to know where you are going and how often you go there.
S1: "
, !
S2: "
, . ' 5?
S1: . ! ?
S2: . ' ?
S1: / .
S2: 4 + N / ?
S1: * /, .
$
: %
&
1 1the days of our lives: part two
; # ', 32 $, I,
$
«10
»:
A 5
+, )
C C.
" $C
2 5 B. 7
2for
.
B
C, + 5
.
;
C +. "
$ 3 0
B
N5 $ 3on the way
)
4. 1 $C 5, $ 5 )
N 0, 4to buy groceries
5 ,
B+
. " 5 5 C ) 5after
C $. 7 + 5 ). > $
A
6 5 ). 6myself
; 7
0 ', 35 ,
+,
)
23:
A
, C1 C. 7
A 1wash
)
. 7
C,
.
C 2, + +
5 . 2all day
? 201
7+
+C $
A
. 7
5 . " 5
A
)$C3 B 3help
. ( ) + . > $ +C,
5 )C.
A. '
"&.
1. '
: 5 5 ? 7 ?
2. L 5, $ 5 $
?
3. '
: $ ?
4. 7 5
?
5. ( +
5 ?
6. L 5 )
$ 0?
7. L 5 )
, $ 5 + $?
8. 7
B+ 5C?
9. L 5 ) 5? ! 5?
10. 7 5 ) ? ! 5 5 ?
Chapter Review
A. Yоu should now be able to . . .
1. tell time and ask somebody what time it is
2. ask and answer questions about the time when some activities
take place, including eating, going to bed, getting up, doing
household chores, and various other daily activities For self-tests and additional practice,
please go to the Book Companion
3. compare activities with the adverbs later and earlier Site, available at www.wiley.com/
college/nummikoski
4. state the relative frequency of activities (always, sometimes, etc.) For access to the videos, please go to
5. ask and answer questions about where somebody is going the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
your access code at www.wiley.com/
college/wrk
6. ask and answer questions about how often certain things are
done, and how often you go to different places
202 # 7
В. Roleplay. A Russian exchange student (played by а classmate) is visiting
your university. Соmраre your weekly schedules, pointing out all the
differences in your daily habits, including the frequency of activities.
The Russian visitor lives in а dorm, goes to class every day, studies а
lot, goes to the theater, reads а lot, is not employed, and eats most meals
at а student cafeteria.
You are а typical American student. Уоu do your homework on the
bed, watch TV and listen to music while you study, eat breakfast and
other meals in front of the TV, and so on.
Word Building
Reflexive Verbs
Transitive verbs can take a direct object, whereas intransitive verbs cannot.
A group of intransitive verbs is formed by adding the reflexive particle -ся
to the corresponding transitive verbs. In these reflexive verbs, the action is
“reflected” back to the person performing it.
одевŧть to dress somebody ŧ to dress oneself
раздевŧть to undress somebody
ŧ to undress oneself
мыть to wash somebody ² to wash oneself
or something
Roots
- wash
²o soap
)Ÿ to do the dishes (from "&Ÿ
, dish)
$ž to wash one’s hair (from / ŧ, head)
² to wash oneself
//- rub
š friction
ŧ to do laundry
What do уоu think the following two household appliances might be?
ŧ ķ )ž + ķ
А popular Russian tongue twister includes words with the root -. Try to
say it as fast as уоu can.
Rŧ ²a Rķ ²o, Rķ ²o
ķ.
Mother washed Mila with soap, Mila dropped the soap.
? 203
@,ABBA9CA
7.1 Time Expressions
A. Hours. The word &%
& means now. Do not confuse it with the word
%
& (hour). D is not used in these time expressions.
( 0+ () +.
Now it is one o’clock.
The words %
&, %
&
, %
& are used with full hours.
1 + 2,3,4 + 5,6,7,... +
Orally, fractions of the hour can be expressed in two ways: by adding
both the words hour and minute to the numbers or by leaving them
out entirely.
( 0+ 8.30. you say: %
&
It is 8:30. or:
You should use the second variant at this point.
B. The nouns врeљмя and час. ; (genitive sg.:
) is а
neuter word.
Moscow time my time
) &%
& ? is а colloquial way to inquire about time.
%
&? is а more formal expression.
The plural of %
&, %
&E, also means clock or watch. Notice that
the adjectives modifying %
&E are in the plural as well.
'
+B! T
+B.
What а big clock! You have а beautiful watch.
204 # 7
!
C
5
5
/
/
/ 5
5
5
C
5
#"
1. Answer the questions in complete sentences using the information given.
? 205
%||& (II)
||& (I) here:
to study to do schoolwork, to study
+--& (-& after the vowel ) -C-& (-& after the vowel )
+--& - -&
/ +--& / - -&
+--& - -&
+- -& (-& after the vowel ) - -& (-& after the vowel )
+--& ķ -C-&
Note: The verbs %& and & also have Spelling Rule 2 арplied
tо the first (, not ) and last forms (
, not ):
#"
2. Fill in the verb endings.
206 # 7
6. .
7. R
.
8. T
.
9. 7+
.
10. & .
11. M , ) 0 (in the
bathroom)?
12. 0.
13. 7+
5 ).
14. 7 5 )?
15. R 5 ) 12 +.
? 207
&"|
to sleep /| to prepare C) and $
) C $ C have an extra letter
) $ in the first person.
/ ) / $
) $
c)e $
) $
208 # 7
7.6 Accusative Case: Inanimate Nouns
You have so far learned two case forms: the nominative (the case of the
subject) and the prepositional (the case of location). In this lesson, you
will learn the accusative case, the case of the direct object.
A. Finding the direct object. Action verbs, such as to read, to speak, to
listen, are often followed by а direct object. The object of а sentence
answers the question What? or Whom?
I read а book. (Read what?—A book.)
subject verb object
Lena likes art. (Likes what?—Art.)
subject verb object
Igor met Tanya. (Met whom?—Tanya.)
subject verb object
Таnуа reads in the library. (Reads what?—no object)
subject verb
In interrogative sentences (questions), the question word itself саn be the
object.
What do уоu collect? (Collect what?—response)
object subject verb
What did he read? (Read what?—response)
object subject verb
#"
4. Underline the verb once and the direct object twice. Some sentences
do not have an object.
1. I like music.
2. I can see you.
3. Do you know this song?
4. Sasha is writing а letter.
5. Can you hear me?
6. Close the door!
7. I don’t know this song.
8. Where did they meet?
9. Have you already done the dishes?
10. What are you reading?
? 209
11. My brother is а good hockey player.
12. Where did he go?
13. Mу grandfather died two years ago.
14. What kind of ice cream do you like?
15. I bought new jeans at the mall.
B. The form of the object. The direct object of а Russian sentence
is in the accusative case. Review the following examples. Only the
feminine nouns have an ending different from the nominative case.
)
C . (masculine noun as the direct object)
I am taking а shower.
") + /
. (feminine noun as the direct object)
Father is reading а newspaper.
V
. (neuter noun as the direct object)
Grandтother is listening to the radio.
% . (plural noun as the direct object)
Lena is doing homework
(literally lessons).
The following endings apply to inanimate nouns. Animate nouns will be
discussed in Chapter 12.
Nominative Accusative
Masc.
—
(identical to the nom. sg.)
0 -0 0
-
Fem.
$ - $ - (а changes to у)
-
- (я changes to )
)> - )> (identical to the nom. sg.)
Neuter
) - ) (identical to the nom. sg.)
-
Pl.
5
- 5
(identical to the nom. рl.)
$ - $
) - )
-
210 # 7
SIMPLIFIED RULE FOR
ТНЕ ACCUSATIVE CASE
OF INANIMATE NOUNS
M, N 5 nom.
F
u
u
5 nom.
Pl. 5 nom.
#"
5. Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses.
? 211
@? Where (at)? /
+ prep.
? Where (to)? /
+ асс.
R
. R
!.
Mother is at work. Mother is going to work.
( . (
(.
The students are at а lecture. The students are going to а lecture.
Note: The choice between the prepositions and
remains the same:
if you use to express location, you use for direction; if you use
for
location, you use
for direction.
The following constructions do not have а preposition: The verb ķ (to go)
implies going on foot
V
. V
.
only. It has a stress
Grandmother is at home. Grandmother is going home.
on the endings (like
(I) to go 5: 5, 5,
etc.) Notice also the
stressed infinitive
/ ending -ķ.
#"
7. Rewrite the sentences to say that (or ask if) the people are on their
way to the location.
Model: (
. ) &.
1. ( J . 9. 4
$ .
2. (
. 10. * .
3. 7
? 11. V
) .
4. ") $ . 12. (
.
5. R . 13. % R .
6. (
$0
. 14. .
7. 1 . 15. (
.
8. 4 )
?
212 # 7
7.8 Time Expressions: Frequency of Actions
The expressions every morning, every Friday, and the like are in the
accusative case. Accusative of adjectives is discussed in detail in Chapter 8.
For the time being, memorize the following patterns.
Masc. 50 (accusative 5 nominative)
Fem. 5
(accusative 5 - for adjectives
and - for nouns)
Neuter 5
(accusative 5 nominative)
Оnce, twice, three times, and so on are expressed as follows:
The word is
(1)
2,3,4
5,6,7,…
often dropped here:
(once).
То say how many times а day (week, month, year) you do something, use
the preposition with the accusative case.
)
? How many times (а day, etc.)?
C (from , week)
$
#"
9. How would you say . . .
? 213
#"
10. How would you say that . . .
1. you often read books in the evening
2. you usually watch ТV when you eat breakfast
3. your father always reads the newspaper in the morning
4. your brother seldom does (his) homework
5. your parents sometimes get up very early
Unidirectional Multidirectional
8
2. repeated action
N5
50 .
I go to the library every day.
3. ability to move
R0 5 N.
Му son can already walk. (i.e., Не has
already learned to walk.)
4. manner of movement
" C, A N.
Birds fly and people walk.
214 # 7
Note 1: Repeated action always implies а round-trip. (For example, you
cannot go to а place а second time unless you leave the place first.)
Note 2: Sentences with multidirectional verbs often include adverbs
that imply а round-trip or repeated action, such as often, sometimes, every
day, etc.
8| (II) to go, to walk : is a second-
8 N conjugation verb with
N N a consonant change
/ N N in the first person.
#"
11. Ask if these people often go to the places mentioned.
? 215
13. Supply the verbs 8 or in the correct form.
1. 4 + ?
1,
C.
2.
0 , ! "
! ' ?
.
7 +
?
1, (there) 5C
.
3. R + 5
. & 5 .
4. 7 %, )
! 7 ?
R )
.
7 50 ?
* ,
.
5. (
! (Look!) ! % .
! +? (Sо what?) ! 50 ?
* , 5C + $C,
C.
Vocabulary
Note: The core vocabulary is boldfaced.
216 # 7
/ ) roommate Other adverbs
subst. adj. cafeteria !E& fast
( 0)
together
)
5 exercise
(to) home
lesson, also:
where (to)
homework
slowly
J - fitness center, room
/
never
J -
fitness club
(to) nowhere
+B pl. only watch
okay
"% why
Adjectives
)
wonderful
every
0 Moscow
00 Russian (referring Verbs
to the country (II) to drive
and its citizens) 5,
,
Adverbs
&
|
(I) to get up
Of time &
L,
&/
always встаёшь,
встаLт
5 every day
$| (II) to prepare
/
sometimes
$C,
( finally $,
!E% usually $
) again / | (I) to be out playing,
" late walking, strolling
)5 later
| (I) to do
" then
| (I) to eat breakfast
early
|& (I) to study, to do
earlier
&, homework
&,
seldom
&
&%
& now (I) to go, to be going
&
%
at first , (on foot)
%
& often ,
? 217
(II) to lie &
| (I) to listen
, &| (II) to watch
, &L,
&,
& (II) to lie down &
&, &"|
(II) to sleep
&, &" ,
& &",
(I) to wash &"
C,
| (I) to do laundry
,
C &| (II) to stand
&L,
!
| (I) to eat lunch/dinner &,
| (I) to get dressed &
C,
(I) to train, to exercise
,
C
| (I) to clean
)| (I) to be late for
| (I) to eat supper
/ + acc. | (I) to wash (oneself)
"&
(I) to write 8| (II) to go
" 8,
" 8,
/
" 8
" %
| (I) to read
"
"
Other
)$| (I) to help
; & ? At what time?
)
| (I) to take (e.g., a shower)
the whole family
)
(II) to spend (time)
)
5, %
&? What time is it?
)
, m. zero
)
" on TV
)
| (I) to browse " O on the telephone
| (I) to get undressed ) &%
& What time is it?
C, ?
,
C
& (II) to sit
&,
&,
&
218 # 7
# 8 (;& )
; L!
&&%& ?
; R
/
"
L !
, &", !
!
. A F %?
; L!
&&%& ? 219
Talking About Literature and Art
S
The adjective
0
(contemporary) comes
from the noun
(time) (cf. (
?) and the
prefix со- (with).
+ N5
The English word
contemporary is formed
the same way from the
Latin words tempus
(time) and con (with).
1.
/. Assign the famous people to the appropriate categories.
Z
10
7 M$ +
!$ '
[
:$I0
)
RN V
² J
N5
[ 1
)U
;
)U
220 # 8
'0
+ 0
.
'
L!? ! L +
.
' L!? + .
'
+
.
!
C
A A
A
A
/ A
A
• 7 L! %
?
If you want to say what
• 'C
A
?
you like to do, the
• 'C
%
? '+ C?
second verb stays in the
(
C? "UC?
infinitive: e.g., C
A
• 7 A
)UC?
! "R?
+. See 9.3 for
• 7 + && &
?
details.
• 7 A
+ ? ! O
&?
2.
L!? Some of the people below like
Russian literature only, while others like foreign literature, too. The last
column on the right includes foreign authors.
"&
/ "R
!
0 +
% 40 15 (0
*
7
" —
4 )U R
\ ;
Z
1 J — 15. '. ;$
! V
! !$ '
% !
" —
(
5
'
0 L0 —
; L!
&&%& ? 221
Expressing Emphasis and Preference
3. L!? The following chart shows some American students’
preference in literature and art. Practice questions and answers
according to the model.
S1:
A
%ķ?
S2: & A
ķ+ C
, ž
C.
S1: A
cccâ A
?
S2: & A
ķ ķ+ , ž
J
.
4. T
/. Practice the dialogue with a partner, making as many changes
as possible.
222 # 8
Talking About Sports
7 A
&"? 1, ž+ C
A )
, The Russian word
N0. for sports is singular:
)
. 7 )
is
translated as type/kind
&"
A
? C
A N0.
of sports.
; &"
0
–
0 N0 – 0
–
0
J
– J
N 0
• '0 )
0 ))
0
? ! ;?
• ' )
+ ))
;?
• ' )
))
;?
• ' )
))
0
?
• ! )- , N – U )
?
• ' )
A
? ! A
?
• 7 L! &
0 J
? * ? "
?
; L!
&&%& ? 223
5. C& &&& &"&.
1. Find out what field the following athletes represent. What are the
main accomplishments of each person?
2. From the articles listed, find the Russian equivalents for the
following phrases: world champion, European champion, Olympic
champion
3. What honorary title do most of the athletes hold?
A$AU;A A
B
N $
0 N 2006–2007 $$., 14-0
(
. 1983) –
0 $, ;. ( J
2009 + )
) +
5 0
)
$ $
N 2000–2008 $$.
(N5 $, $ «!
». 1
9,U9[K ;
&
1999). !
C + ) I$ $
-
A &
% (
. 1952) – 0
; (1999–2001, 2006), )
$0 « ».
N ,
. 7 )
1969
G
) (1998–2000, 2002, 2004).
TUBUY9[U;A U
) 1984 $ >>
!
C + )
(1999,
;%&
(
. 1981) – \('!
0 ( $ (C.
2003). "
#$
XXVIII
0 , 4
¸N
0 )00 + )
&) !JN (2004).
)0 + ) 2008 $ (1972, 1976, 1984), 10-
0
VSWXUY' U/ +
. 5 0 + )
(1970, 1971, 1973–
;% (
. 1982) –
00
)
;. ( 1996 $ 1975, 1978, 1979, 1981–1983),
J$
, )00 + ) G
\('!. 9-
0 + ) G
) (1970,
2006 $,
N
0 + )
)
2003 ) 2008 $ G 1973–1975, 1978, 1979 1981–1983).
0 + ) G
). $
10
WTA %+0 N XX )
5 0
)
;. +
. R 5
0 J
N .
5 0
)
(((;
A,ZA;CY A )/% ,ABYC ;
$&%
(1971). ( 2006 $ – )
(
. 1981) –
00 (
. 1975) –
00 N,
Z
N ;.
J
, 5 0
5
0 $
0
,
)
; (2008). &
C0 + )
) Adapted from http://ru.wikipedia.org
6.
...? Make а list of famous male and female athletes using the
following categories. How many names do your classmates recognize?
224 # 8
A
&?
• 7 $
N0 ? ' ?
• ! > $
? !
?
& Ÿ&&
?
There are no interscholastic sports in Russia as there
are in the United States. Sports teams are supported
by clubs, such as ()
, 1, %,
('! (()
0 '
!
), and \('!
(\
0 ()
0 '
!
). Clubs
with these names exist in many cities and represent
several different sports.
7.
"-
?
1. ' 0 N
0
!
? ! J
?
2. ' C
J
?
3. \
C
C ! ?
4. '
N
!
?
5. ! N
J
?
6. ' , J$
!
?
7. ' !
?
' 0 N
0?
8.4 Syntax
; L!
&&%& ? 225
. Use $
for games
; % /
? K /
N0. only. For some other
/
? J
. sports, you can use
N. the verb
with the instrumental
case:
8.5 The Verb игрáть: Games
) (masc.
nouns), 0$
(fem. nouns). Ask
your teacher for the
specific forms you
need. See 16.1 for the
instrumental case.
; % $
*? ; % $
C '?
& $
. & $
C N.
A ?
• 7 + $
?
• 7 N
$
? 7 $
?
• 7 L! /
0
?
• 7 + /
?
• 7 $
N?
8. % /
?
%
&?
А. Examine the weekly sports schedules for Slava, Мitya, Lena, and
Natasha and answer the following questions.
1. '$ ( $
?
2. (
C ( $
J
?
3. 7 + $
R
?
4. '$ R $
N0?
5. 7 + $
%? (
C?
6. * $
) ?
226 # 8
Z
-!! Z
-!!
:0 – I + ))
0 )
,
N
N – ' , (x!, ( , +, ;.
(
1
² $ (((; – $
02 + )
1national / 2multiple
&)0N $
. ( $
0 N $
C
N
N (1, \('!), )
J N N
N3
, + N $
C 0 3different
; + )
&)0N $
N.
'$ $
C N0,
>4
+5: «x0-
! 4fans / 5yell
x0-
!»
x0-
! is a cheer
'
"&. used to support a
hockey team. The
1. 7 N
N N0
))
0 )
? expression comes
2. (
B $ (((; – ³ N
? from the word 0
3. M $
C
0 N $? (puck). Although
the literal meaning
4. M $
C + N ?
refers to hockey
5. L
+
> ? games only, the same
6. ' , 0 )
0 ))
0 cheer is sometimes
!
? also heard at soccer
7. ! !$? 7 #)? games. Russian teams
8. '0 )
!
))
0? do not usually have
cheerleaders.
9. CL. Interview a classmate using the following English questions
as а guideline. Add more questions of your choice.
; L!
&&%& ? 227
Talking About Music
*
(literally, folk music)
can be broadly defined
as any traditional
music from folk
sources, for example
“On Top of Old
Smokey.”
+
- 5
)
)
))- )
10.
/. Into which categories would you put the following artists,
composers, or songs?
228 # 8
11. C& && -/"". Below are some entries from the
Hall of Fame of Russian rock music. For each group, find out when it
was founded and what type of music they play (reggae, hard rock, folk
rock, folk music, new wave, etc.).
«A/
&» –
0 1980-N $,
0 $ 1972
-$
)), 0
7
\0. R «'», $. z
:
0
, J-
90-N $. * )
5 ) ) )
>
,
$$ 0.
$ >
+ 7
\ ,
«A &
» –
-$
)),
$
)) )
$ )-) 0
1983 $. %
)
, .+.
- .
) ! –
• 'C A
?
• ' C
-$
))?
• 7 + ? M $?
• 7 A
"? 7 N
"?
• !
(
A
? 7 N
(?
8.6 Conjugation of Verbs with the Suffix -ова-/-ева-
12.
L!? Find out more about а classmate’s
music preferences by selecting one item from each column.
; L!
&&%& ? 229
B
&š
There are several words
!
for piano. P is a
/! grand piano. An upright
&ķ"
/
model is )ķ. In
!
musical notation the
word often becomes
J
). The player
of the instrument is a
)ķ/.
The word
is
% f. often used in the plural:
&
&O
. T
is another common
p m. word for percussion
! instruments.
!
!
The nouns for most
players are derived
from the corresponding
O
230 # 8
А вы?
• *
$
?
• 7 N
$
? 1?
• 7
$
C -
1 1any
? !
?
:
• *
$
?
• 7 N
$
?
• ( $
?
14. CL. You were asked to interview young Russians regarding
their musical likes and talents for your university website. Here are the
results of the first interviews. Recreate the transcript of your questions.
Your classmates will assume the role of the Russians.
; L!
&&%& ? 231
,Ÿ&&
Ÿ
;Ÿ ž+ A
žC Ÿ. ( ))
) 1: «'ķ», «'A», «[0, ŸN », «7 +
0 » 1songs
«"ž +
». (0 0
ž0
–
U
0.
(0 0 ķ+ 0 )ķ
– "
#ķ+ L00
(1840–1893). L0ž0 –
ž)
«G$0 &$»,
«%
ķ ž
», «()>
» « Ÿ+». V
« Ÿ+» ž+ ))
!
, ž
ķ2 0. 2among
1
$ķ 3
Ÿ )ķ
: (
$0 ;N 3other
(1873–1943), 1ķ
0 xž+ (1906–1975), (
$0 "
žJ
(1891–1953), R RŸ
$0 (1839–1881) *0 ;ķ0-
'
(1844–1908).
D Ÿ&&
ž &.
232 # 8
'
"&.
1. «'ķ» – U
ž ) ķ ž)
?
2. ! «G$0 &$»?
3. ' 0 0
Ÿ0
ž0
?
4. ' ž0 R RŸ
$0?
5. L «%
ķ ž
»?
6. ' )-$ķ0 «()>
»? (),
ķ0)
7. 'ž0
L0ž$ 0 ))
0 !
?
8. ' U
)-$ķ0?
9. ' Ÿ ,
A
žC Ÿ?
10. ! ķ
) ?
11. '
)+ (typical) 0
?
12. L
$N
?
Chapter Review
А. Yоu should now bе аblе to . . .
1. say what kind of liteгature, art, or music уоu like
2. express your preference
for оnе kind in particular
оf оnе kind over another
For self-tests and additional practice,
З. say what kind of sports and teams уоu like please go to the Book Companion
4. say what sports or musical instruments уоu play Site, available at www.wiley.com/
college/nummikoski
5. say what your favorite teams or music groups are For access to the videos, please go to
the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
your access code at www.wiley.com/
В. Directed Dialogue. Get together in groups оf three or four. Find out college/wrk
; L!
&&%& ? 233
C. Trivia Quiz. ' 0/ /+ ...
1. M
')
2. (
$0 ;N
3. 7 4
4. «G$0 &$»
5. 1
0 x+
6. '
R+
7. «%
»
8. ! "$+
9. V
M
>
10. «'»
11. # ;)
12. "
L00
13. V
!
14. '
0 L0
Word Building
Roots
/- game, play !- love, like
$
to play C
ķ to love, to like
B$
to win C
ķ0 favorite
B$
winning, prize C
ķ lover, amateur
)
$
to lose (in hobbies)
$
game C
ž, C
lover
(in re1ationships)
&)ķ0 ķ$
Olympic
games C
love
$
ž player %C
woman’s name
$
Ÿ toy %A
familiar form of %C
234 # 8
@,ABBA9CA
8.1 Accusative Case of Personal Pronouns: Review
The verb ! (to like, to love) is а regular second-conjugation verb
with аn extra in the first-person singular. Pay attention also to the stress
shift from the ending to the stem.
!
C
A A
A
A
/ A
A
You have already learned the subject (nominative саsе) and object
(accusative case) forms of personal pronouns. Review the following forms.
nominative accusative
I me
you
you
he $ him
she her
it $ it
we us
you you
they N them
#"
1. Finish the sentences in the negative according to the model.
Model: C
A
,
L!.
1. & A
$, ... 6. 7 A
N, ...
2. R A
, ... 7. & A
, ...
3. & A
, ... 8. C
A , ...
4. R A
, ... 9. R A
N, ...
5. 4 A
, ... 10. & A
, ...
; L!
&&%& ? 235
M, N 5 nom.
F
u -
u -
5 nom.
Pl. 5 nom.
#"
2. Write complete sentences according to the model.
Model: /
K ! L
.
1. &/
6. /)
2. / 7. 0 ))/)U/?
3. (/J 8.
/
/?
4. /
/? 9. /
5. / 10. /)A
/?
You have already learned that adjectives, as well as possessive and
demonstrative pronouns, agree with the noun they modify, that is, they are
in the same case form as the corresponding nouns. Review the following
examples. Notice that the nominative and accusative forms are identical for
masculine, neuter, and plural phrases. Feminine phrases, on the other hand have
а special form. Рау attention also to the rhyming effect of feminine endings.
Nominative Accusative
Masc.
U !
?
!
A
?
[
&&%& !
. C
A
&&%& !
.
[
. +C
.
D
0. +C R a .
Fem.
U
?
A
?
[ &&
. C
A &&
.
[
.
C L
.
D
.
C R
.
236 # 8
Neuter
U &&&?
&&& A
?
[ && &&&. C
A && &&&.
[ "&. +C "&.
D "& . +C R "&.
Pl.
U /?
/ A
?
[ && /. C
A && /.
[
"&
. +C
"&
.
D
. C
A R
.
Note: Adjective modifiers for feminine nouns ending in -ь also have the
ending -ую. Possessive and demonstrative pronouns change accordingly.
nominative accusative
'
)> '
)>
L
U
)> U )>
M, N 5 nom.
F -
Pl. 5 nom.
; L!
&&%& ? 237
#"
3. Complete the sentences using the words in parentheses.
Model: C
A (
). K ! L &&
.
1. 7 A
(
+
)?
2. 4 A
(
)?
3. 7 A
(
J)?
4. C
A ($0 )U).
5. 40 A
(J
)?
6. % A
(
).
7. 4 A
(
0
)?
8. R A
(
).
9. 7 A
(
)?
10. R A
($0
).
4. The verbs + and also need the accusative case. Answer
the questions using the adjectives in parentheses. Noticе that the
adjectives are given in the masculine form.
Model: 'C $ +? K %
&& /.
(
0)
1. '0 5
+ (? (
0)
2. 'C $ + ? (J
0)
3. 'C $ +C? (
0)
4. ' ) +
? (0)
5. 'C ? ()0)
6. ' + 1? (
0)
238 # 8
5. 'C
A
? (pŸcc +
)U)
6. 'C A
R? (
-).
7. ' A
'? (
)
8. ! A
R? (
)
9. ' $ A
M
? (
$)
10. ' A
#$
? ( ) )
; L!
&&%& ? 239
8.3 Emphasis and Preference
Очень (very) саn be used to emphasize certain verbs, such as to like.
% C
A J.
I like science fiction very much (а lot).
Очень can also be used in negative sentences:
% C
A .
I don’t like detective novels very much.
or in short answers:
4 A
J? 1, + . * , + .
Yes, а lot. No, nоt much.
Preference can be expressed with the verb ! and the adverb
! (more).
! C
A )UC.
I like poetry more. or: I prefer poetry.
8.4 Syntax
Notice the difference between the following two questions.
'
C
J
?
What is your favorite football team?
subject linking verb predicate
240 # 8
#"
8. A. Rewrite the questions using the verb C
.
#"
9. Write questions according to the model.
Model: % $
. ; % /
S
?
1. ( $
N.
2. $
C
.
3. R $
.
4. R $
J
.
5. ' #$
$
C .
; L!
&&%& ? 241
8.6 Conjugation of Verbs with the Suffix -ова- and -ева-
The conjugated forms of verbs with the suffix -
- and -
- replace the
suffix with -- The infinitive and the past tense forms (which you will
learn in Chapter 9) will retain the original suffix.
(. I dance, I am dancing.
but: C
A
(
. I like to dance.
--C --C
-- --
--C --C
#"
e
10. Supply the verbs in the correct form.
1. :5 (
) )
.
2. ( $ ( ) C
.
3. 4 A
( )?
4. L (
)?
5. 4 A
(
)?
6. 7 +
() ( ).
#"
11. Y
& /
? Write complete sentences.
Model: 1/$
T
/
/
.
1. %/
) 4. /$
0
2. /
5. /$
3. & (/
6. /
0
242 # 8
12. Write questions about sports and music ассоrding to the model.
Model: % $
J0 . Y
&
/
S
?
or: Y
% /
S
?
(
$0 $
N0. ; % /
)/?
1. $
C N.
2. R $
.
3. 1 ( $
C 0
.
4. R $
) .
5. R
$
C .
6. ' $
0 .
7. R
$
C J0 .
8. * $
C
0
.
9. ; $
C J
.
10. R0 $
J .
Vocabulary
; L!
&&%& ? 243
Other music vocabulary N
walking
!
ballet 8 hockey
jazz
8
chess
& instrument
music Sports players
"
opera !&! &/
baseball player
orchestra ! &/
volleyball player
"(, "(
singer
m. goalkeeper
) song $/ gymnast
-/""
rock group &&/
tennis player
-
rock music O/&/
figure skater
8&/
hockey player
8
&/
chess player
Sports
& football Other sports vocabulary
O!
&"
kind (category)
athletics
of sport
I
aerobics
team
!
&e! basketball
&" sport
$ running
0
puck
!&! baseball
$ bodybuilding Art and literature
boxing
!
ballerina
! volleyball
!
ballet
$ gymnastics
pl. detective novels
$J golf
&&& art
0$ diving
literature
þ judo
"R poetry
0$ yoga
fairy tale
U karate
dancer
"
swimming
O
&
science fiction
& tennis
8 artist, painter
O! soccer
244 # 8
Adjectives ~
+ prep. to play an
instrument
Sports-related
!| (II) to like, to love
!
&! basketball
! L,
!&! baseball
L!,
)0 bicycle
L!
B50 ski(ing)
" (I) to sing
)
0 sport
"L,
O! football
",
8 hockey
"L
|| (I) to draw
Other adjectives
þ,
& children’s
,
&&%& classical
þ
$0 light
(|
| (I) to dance
! favorite
(,
folk
(,
0 table
(
"" popular
& modern, Other
contemporary
! more
% of course
Verbs
&! especially
/
| (I) to play
~ + acc. to play a game
; L!
&&%& ? 245
This page intentionally left blank
# 9 (T )
L!
&! ?
R /
?
Pay attention to
the stress shift in
the accusative:
– .
[
. [ &
. [ . [ &.
1 A
. ! A
. (
5 A
. * A
.
9.1 Syntax: The Noun врéмя and the Seasons
A ?
• '
$ A
?
• '
$ A
?
\.
;&.
/
$
?
S.
'&.
1.
&? Look at the yearly activity schedule for two
Russian schoolchildren, Tanya (4) and Yura (). Ask а partner . . .
1. who plays soccer
2. if that child plays soccer in summer
3. when Yura plays hockey
4. when Yura plays the violin
5. who plays chess and when
6. what Tanya does in summer
248 # 9
7. if Tanya plays basketball in the fall
8. if the children play volleyball in winter
9. what Yura does in the fall
10. what the children do in spring
ß/ /!²
Although free-time activities in Russia and for most of the
/
(forest zones covering
Western countries tend to be similar for the areas south of the Arctic Circle), and
most part, one activity is more typical in (lingonberry) and
(cloudberry) further
Russia than in the West: picking berries and north in the
. Berries are preserved or
mushrooms. Russians love nature, сlеаn air, deep-frozen and eaten as dessert or jam during
forests with aromatic birch trees. Since most city cold winter months. Avid mushroom pickers
dwellers live in high-rise apartment buildings can recognize dozens of edible varieties, as well
with minimal greenery around them, weekend as several poisonous ones.
trips
/ (to the countryside) provide Mushrooms аrе usually
а welcome change of расе. Picking berries dried оr pickled for the
and mushrooms is а popular autumn activity. winter.
Berries аrе plentiful and include +
(blueberry), (wild strawberry), ! A
&!
A (cranberry), and (raspberry) & / /!E.
L!
&! ? 249
L!
?
&
E
8
&
8 E
8
&
8
&
8
&
&
"
&
&
!/
4
)? 1, , C
A ).
7
А вы?
• L A
ž
? • ! N ķ B5N
• 7 A
$? M
$ ? ?
• 7 )? 7 N
ž ) ? • ! o
?
• 7
Nž? • 7 N ²5N?
250 # 9
2. L!
? Thе following people were asked about their
favorite free-time activities for summer and winter. Look at the results
and practice questions and аnswers according to the model.
S1: L A
Y
?
S2: % A
$.
S1: ! + A
ž0?
S2: ž0 A
B5N.
1. #$
N B5N $
N0
2. % )
)
0
3. !
0
$ )
o
4. #
N N
5. 7 $
B
)A
$
3.
?
А. Some activities require special skills. Look at the table and answer
the questions.
1. ( $
N? ! 4? 4. ' $
$
?
2. L !
0? ! &? 5. 4
N?
3. '
N? 6. ' )?
)
9
A T& ' S
$
N ✓ ✓
) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
N ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
N ✓ ✓
B5N ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
N ✓ ✓
$
$
✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓
B. Ask a partner about his or her skills and preferences using the
items in the table. Then continue with your own items.
S1: 4 $
N?
S2: 1, C ( C
A). / * , C. ! ?
S1: 5 ( ) C. / ! ( ) C.
L!
&! ? 251
M )?
A y
c?
• M $
5 ) 0? 7
? 7
?
4
0 ? ! $ 5 )?
• M $
5
B
?
• ! $ 5
$ $
B?
• 7 5 B5N?
@ "
? The term
5
comes from
5
& I
N )
; – I
5 , (walrus).
)
0. 7 (-"
$ A )C
*
$0 $1 – 5 2 $
$3 )
1year-round / 2even / 3snow
N 4 10 $
(–108C). 7 $N $
N 4air
$
, +
5 8 9
. 8strengthens / 9reduces
9.8 Relative Pronoun котóрый
A. '
"&.
C° F
1. L
5 ?
2. M
B+ )C A (-"
$ ? 122 72
3. ' 5
)
N? ! )
B? 118 64
4. ' «
5»?
110 50
5. ' )- : + «N »? 22 $
?
18 $
? 10 $
? 14 39
6. 7 A
) N0 ? 210 14
7. M
A
):
,
,
0 ? 4 ?
B. ^
?
1. R
5
.
2. R
5 )C N0 .
252 # 9
4. CL. Interview two classmates. Find out . . .
Review the following
1. what they like to do during different seasons time expressions.
2. how often they are involved in еасh of the activities
1
(2,3,4
/ 5,6...
) / C/
3. if they can swim, and if yes, when and where they do /$.
4. if they can ice-skate / ski
5. if they like horseback riding / fishing
L!
&! ?
15: *, + A
?
*: 7
? + C
A )
5 1 N .2 % C
A $ )
, C 1fresh / 2air
$ $
B , 0 B5N.
15: M B5N? $
?
*: * , + RB. R
B+
.
15: ! N R 5 ?
*: '+ 5, 5 3 '
0 )>. * 3even
))
– U "
M
$. R
+ )+4 5C
. 4almost
А. '
"&.
1. ' $ * )
? ! +?
2. L A
5?
B. T
?
1. * A
)
5 N .
2. O C
B
.
3. & C B5N $
.
4. 7 R 5 N.
5. * A
N 0.
6. G + N + .
7. G 5 A
B
.
C. Assume the role of the interviewer and ask Natasha more questions.
Your teacher or a fellow student will play the role of Natasha.
L!
&! ? 253
Discussing Past Activities
, ,
/
/ &.
;%
, ,
/
/
&.
, ,
B /
/ &.
(but: )).
'
$ +
$ )
B.
?
)/?
Y
? What
do you think the people below did yesterday? Ask and answer
questions based on the following information.
1. (
$0 A
)A
$
.
2. * A
+ C
.
3. ' !
0 A
J.
254 # 9
6.
&!!? Ask a partner if he or she engaged in
any of the following activities on Saturday. If yes, ask a few follow-
up questions, such as where, at what time, and for how many hours
(( +?).
S1: 4 ()
N
?
S2: 1, (). / * , (). ! ?
S1: 5 . / 5 (). / ! ( ) ().
N
$
$
$
+ $
B5N
$
)A
$
)
!
!
!
!
/
1. 1 ()
2. ( R
3. 4
0
4. (
$0
5. A ( -)
6. 7
+ ()
7. A
8. 7 )
$, , $
J
,
B
, ),
J,
$
B,
L!
&! ? 255
(
$0
$. & 8 $.
*
!. & 8
.
% %
B
. & 8
.
(
$0 8
/
.
"
)
) ). !
-*
. %0 R
0
-
. $ «1 '$»
. ;0 0 ² () exhibit
«(» . [
5
256 # 9
Talking About Your Vacation
Y
%
'
:
* + N (-"
$,
$ 1 1shore
$
. R, $
, + A
)
+ $ N
. 4 5 ,
),
B
. R5 $
) ) 2 )3. 7 A 2singing / 3of birds
5
+
4, $ 4blueberry
$
B.
"
B+ N
C5, ) 6
)
7 5bathhouse / 6after / 7simply
$
$
8. #$ 8chat
9 9fire
, (
$0 $
$
. T +
R
,
. G $.
(
$0 $
$
.
A. D "
! Mark doesn’t like the simple lifestyle at summer
houses. When telling his foreign roommates about the visit, he
changed some facts. Compare Mark’s account with Kira’s story and
correct the discrepancies.
B
: T N
0
50
N B5N. 7
+ N! "
+
B+
.
;: T N ,
. R
...
B. K ! /
%. Read the story again and describe all the activities
that you were involved in when you visited Kira’s summer house.
Invent some more.
L!
&! ? 257
% 15
;. % ;.
*
R. &
R.
9.
? These were the vacation destinations for the people
in the pictures. Answer the following questions.
"
5/Z
%/A$ R$/#)í R
/;
1. 7 C
? /7 0
B?
2. 7 0 $
? /7 $
B?
3. ' , $
B UN $
N: , C,
0 0?
4. ' )
UN $
N?
(
N
N
N, N $/, ,
), ..., $
)-...)
9
S
; S
&
258 # 9
/
B & ?
/
/
.
) ? /
/? /
?
1 2, 3, 4 5, 6, ...
0
() C ( ) ...
$ $
A ?
• 7 N
N
²? '$? (
?
• 7
² ;?
• 7 N N (x!
²? '$?
• ' )
$?
L!
&! ? 259
10. )
?
/? Vladimir Ivanovich is а world
traveler who has visited a different country every year. The number
after the country name denotes how many years ago he went there; the
other number indicates the time spent in each city.
А. Answer the questions.
7
?
7 N $
N
?
)
? ) ?
!
(2) *C-d
(2 .) &N-( (1 .)
R ) (3 .) "
(5 .)
Z
(5) "
5 (6 .) * (4 .)
M
(3) V (1 .) V
(6 .)
Z
J
(3 .)
260 # 9
11. Visitor ID card. The ID card shown belongs to an American student.
Answer the following questions.
1. ' ?
2. 7 0 $
?
3. ( ( ) U
B?
4. (
?
5. & 5
> 5 $ ?
6. 7
+?
L!
&! ? 261
R "
.
@ !² ?
A Russian-language newspaper in the U.S. found out that Professor Smith
takes a group of students to Moscow every summer. Read the following
excerpt of the interview.
"
J
(: K
²+, 5
> 5, 1 1because
$ R +
$ .
z
: '
)
$
?
"
J
(: T
²
$ )
+ ²
C, ) 2
²+ 2after
N I
. ! ) +
$ ) $
, N
,
,
,
– $.
7 N )
–
,
, N² )3 – )U4 3fur hats / 4therefore
5
7
5, 6 5a few / 6prices
5 , + !
. & ,
+ A
C
C , )
0.
z
: ! $
7 ? 7out of town
262 # 9
"
J
(: 1, C ".
z
: [ ! ' $ 8 N? 8there
"
J
(: *
+
. !
+ A
! *
,
)
0, $
0 ), +
² + 9 9noisy
:
11, , 11birch alley
40 5
, 5 12 $ $13. R 12even / 13grave
)
+ ). ( $, $
J$
J
,
)14 ). 14return trip
* 5 ) . T15, +. 15were tired
A. '
"&.
B. Professor Smith made the interviewer’s task too easy. Re-enact the
situation where Professor Smith gives the information in small
increments. Also ask for clarification for points that he did not explain.
Start with the following questions:
1. Where did you live?
2. How many times a week did the students go to classes?
3. What did you usually do after lunch?
L!
&! ? 263
,&& c
Matryoshkas are by far the best-known samovar was used for boiling water for tea. The
Russian souvenirs. These wooden dolls are original samovars were heated by а charcoal
based on Japanese stacking dolls introduced to fire; modern ones are electric.
Russia in the late nineteenth century. Russians
were intrigued by the Japanese dolls because
Russians already had wooden Easter eggs
with smaller eggs inside. The Russian version
of the stacking doll was named Matryoshka, a
nickname for Matryona, a popular name for
peasant women of the time.
The &
(“self-cooker”) used to have
а central рlасе in the Russian household, but
now it is mostly а decoration or а souvenir. The D
&
.
Chapter Review
А. You should now be able to . . .
1. say which season(s) you prefer
2. tell what activities you like to do and during which seasons you
do them
3. say what you can and cannot do For self-tests and additional practice,
4. say when and where certain activities can be done please go to the Book Companion
Site, available at www.wiley.com/
5. describe what you did, where you were, and where you went (using college/nummikoski
For access to the videos, please go to
appropriate past-time references) the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
your access code at www.wiley.com/
6. say how long and how long ago уоu did something college/wrk
В. Hobbies and Free Time. Interview two classmates and find out about their
free-time activities. Ask what they like to do, when, where, and how often.
Also find out what they do not like or cannot do, or what they did before but
do not do аnу more.
C. Sunday Plans. Call а friend and ask what he or she did on Sunday. Then
explain how you spent your Sunday.
D. Roleplay I. Get together in groups of three or four students. Each of you had
a wonderful summer vacation. You want to make sure that your story is better
than anybody else’s. Compare your vacations by bragging about where you
went, how long you were there, what you did, and what you bought.
264 # 9
E. Roleplay II. You are interviewing applicants for a position at an international
organization. You need to find out as much as possible about the applicant’s
background. Use the following checklist and take notes. Be prepared to explain
to the class why the applicant is (not) suitable for the position.
Countries visited? Why? When? Foreign language skills?
For how long? University education?
Former places of residence? Former employment?
How long?
Word Building
Thе verb
literally means to roll or to slide something. You саn roll or
slide yourself оn various things:
N on skates
0 in а troika
²5N on skis
in а motorboat
N in а sled in а rowboat
is а place for sliding (ice-skating rink).
Thе verb (to ride) is used in similar phrases, and sometimes
both
& and can be used.
0 in а troika
) on a bicycle
(or
N) on a horse
;8, as in 8, comes from 8 (up, high). So, уou are
actually “riding up high” without any reference to а horse.
Thе following words or phrases all relate to the sports terminology in
this chapter. Match the Russian and English columns.
$ downhill (mountain) skiing
²50 )
swimming
$
²50 )
runner
50 )
skiing
fishing trip
) swimmer
) speed skating
rider
L!
&! ? 265
@,ABBA9CA
9.1 Syntax
266 # 9
#"
š
1. Make complete sentences using the following cues.
Model: (ŧ/C
ķ/ ŧ )ŧ
L! &Ÿ.
1. (
$š0/C
ķ/
Ÿ ŧ
2. ķ/C
ķ/ ŧ
3. /C
ķ/ž /?
4. / /C
ķ/ž š
5. /C
ķ/ŧ (gоld-соlоrеd) ž
1. R C
ķ
š $ž – ŧ. 4. ! A
ž .
2. C
A Ÿ. 5. 1, (ŧ A
ķ.
3. * , C
A š.
#"
š
3. Write both the questions with When? and the answers according to the
model.
Model: %š/$
ŧ /ŧ Sš
/ŧ !ž ?
0
ž ( ŧ) 'ŧ /ŧ !ž &ž.
1. (ŧ/$
ŧ š (ž )
2. /
ž (š)
3. 0
/$
ŧ Nš0 (ŧ)
4. /$
ŧ
0
ž ( ŧ)
5. *ķ 4ŧ/$
ŧ
ž (ŧ)
L!
&! ? 267
9.3 Verb + Verb Constructions
When two verbs follow each other in the sentence (e.g., I like to sleep,
I want to read, I hate to go), the second verb is in the infinitive form.
C
A /ķ )-
Ÿ.
I like to speak Russian.
conjugated verb infinitive
šC " ŧ
.
I can (know how to) swim.
conjugated verb infinitive
but: /L )-
Ÿ. (/ķ is the main verb)
N
" ŧ
. (" ŧ
is the main verb)
The verb š (to know how) is а regular first-conjugation verb. Do
not mistake the -- for а long vowel; there is а syllable line between the
two vowels.
š| (I)
šC š
š š
/ŧ š ķ šC
#"
š
4. How would you say that . . .
1. you like swimming
2. you don’t like horseback riding
3. you can’t ice-skate
4. your sister likes speaking French
5. your brother likes to play football
268 # 9
6. The verbs &!ŧ, " ŧ
, and !š/
are regular first-conjugation
verbs. Notice that there is only one main verb in these sentences. How
do you say that . . .
1. you collect old books
2. уour sister swims well
3. уour brother collects Russian classical music
4. you run in the park
7. Mixed Practice.
L!
&! ? 269
#"
š
8. How would you ask . . .
Ехamрlеs:
7+
ŧ š+
š ķ
. (а man speaking)
I watched TV last night.
L š
ž? (а woman addressed informally)
What did you do on Saturday?
" 5ŧ )Ÿ. (а neuter noun)
The letter was lying on the floor.
*ŧ #$
, + š +
ŧ? (several people addressed)
Natasha and Igor, what did you do yestеrdау?
7ķ
#ŧ+, $ 5ķ
ŧ ? (one person addressed formally)
Vladimir Ivanovich, whеrе did you live before?
Note 1: Watch out for verbs that have а consonant or vowel change in the
conjugated form (of the present tense). Remember that the past tense is formed
from the infinitive. Some verbs have a stress shift in the feminine form.
present tense infinitive past tensе
ž
š &š
) )
&"
/ ŧ )ŧ / ķ )ŧ
5 / ŧ 5ŧ / ķ 5ķ
270 # 9
Note 2: Тhe formal form is the same as the plural.
A Bķ, + š +
ŧ?
Аnуа and Mitya, what did you do yesterday?
A &š Vž%, + š M
ŧ?
Aleksei Petrovich, what did уоu do in Gеrmаnу?
B. Past tensе of the verb быть. Although the present-tense forms of
the verb to be are usually omitted, the past tense always needs to be
expressed. The verb ! has а stress shift in the feminine form. In
the negative, the stress is on , except for the feminine form.
// !
//ŧ ! ŧ
ž !²
//ķ !²
%š, $
ŧ +
ŧ?
Lena, where were you yesterday?
In the following sentences the day of the week is the subject. Its gender
determines the form of the verb.
7+
ŧ
"š . Yesterday was Monday.
7+
ŧ
ŧ &!!ž
. Yesterday was Saturday.
7+
ŧ
²o &&š. Yesterday was Sunday.
#"
š
9. Put the verbs in parentheses in the past tense.
L!
&! ? 271
4. 7š+
%š (
š$) )ŧ
, 7ž
(š) ž (Ÿ) Ÿ.
"ž
š ķ ($
ŧ) ŧ
, )ž
(
š) ķ
.
5. 7 11 +ž #ž 5 ()).
11. Continue the statements based on the information given in the first
sentence.
1. ( $ž ž
. 7+
ŧ
2. ( $ž
ž. 7+
ŧ
3. ( $ž + š
$. 7+
ŧ
4. ( $ž ) š. 7+
ŧ
5. ( $ž
š . 7+
ŧ
272 # 9
#"
š
12. Add the verb endings in the past tense.
1. 7+
ŧ
ŧ .
2. & (all day) ŧ ²5N.
3. ! $ž
ŧ 4ŧ ŧ
š .
4. 4ŧ *ŧ ŧ .
5. ! š+
4ŧ ŧ ŧN.
6. R0 š +ķ Rž
š .
7. '$ŧ %š +ķ ž , ŧ 5ŧ Rš.
8. %š ŧ žN ²5N.
9. *ŧ, ŧ
š +
ŧ?
10. #ŧ "
ž+, +ķ 'ķ
š ?
L!
&! ? 273
#"
š
13. Rewrite the sentences using the verb 8ķ and making all other
neсessary changes.
Model: %
ķ
ŧ ž . S
ķ&
8ķ
ž .
1. V
ķ
ž . 6. 4
ķ
² '
š.
2. %š %ķ
² )ŧ
. 7. (
$š0
ŧ .
3. 1š
)š . 8. 4ŧ
ŧ ž .
4. *ŧ
ŧ
š . 9. R0
ķ .
5. (š
² š . 10. #ŧ
ž
.
274 # 9
#"
š
15. Rewrite the sentence ассоrding to the model.
Model: %š
ŧ Rķ . Sš
š
B&.
%š š R. Sš
!
Bķ&.
1. #$
&š .
2. %š
ŧ "
ķ5 .
3. (
$š0 š %ž.
4. *ŧ
ŧ *C-dž
.
5. #ŧ #ŧ+
R
ķ .
6. 15
(-"
Ÿ
$ .
7. R š 'ķ .
8. *ŧ !
² RŸ
.
9. Rķ
¿
² #
Ÿ .
10. 4ŧ š *
ķ
.
)ž š? /
ž /? /ŧ?
1 2, 3, 4 5, 6, …
0
(Ÿ) šC ( ) š š … ŧ
š š š
$ $ž
L!
&! ? 275
)ž š
² Rš?
Rš š . (Note: no preposition)
“How much time” were you in Moscow? I was in Moscow for two weeks.
ž /
² Rš?
How long were you in Moscow?
/ŧ
² Rš?
Rš š
ŧ.
When were you in Moscow? I was in Moscow two weeks ago.
#"
š
17. How would you say the following?
1. eight years ago 6. for three months
2. for twenty-one days 7. seven months ago
3. two months ago 8. for two years
4. for а week 9. three weeks ago
5. eleven days ago 10. for six months
276 # 9
#"
š
18. Supply the missing forms of ž
0 in the nominative case. Pay
attention to the gender and number.
R0
R
,
;ķ š, )ķ
š0 ķ
–
ŸC
ŧ0. (+ŧ š
RŸ, )ž *ž$
, Nž ž
(-"
Ÿ
$. 7 *ž$
$ž
¿,
² !š
$ž ŧ )žN $
¿ )-$ķ0.
&$, +ķ
š 'Jž
, 0+ŧ
ž ŧ0 ž . G 5 #$
,
ž
$ķ «R ž», ž+ N
ž $
ŧ
ŧ0 . ! 0+ŧ
R
Ÿ+ $
ŧ
ŧ0 . Rķ
ķ , ž+
A
ŸC
žC Ÿ, ž5 $
ŧC $
ŧ0 .
Vocabulary
&ŧ spring
Other nouns
š n. time
( pl. ŧ)
ŧ bath-house
š /ž
season
š
$,
$Ÿ coast, on the coast
&!ž š free time, leisure ŧ, acc. ž water
time žN air
ŧ winter $
mushroom
š summer ŧ
motorboat
ž& f. fall, autumn
campfire
& ( &Ÿ) forest
ž boat
Hobbies and collections
L people
)+ž ŧ
pl. stamps
š, pl. ŧ place
$ķ grave
Souvenirs
²
fish
Russian nesting doll $ snow
&
ŧ samovar ŧ, pl. š price
L!
&! ? 277
+
ķ blueberry ķ (I), to catch
¿$ berry A,
ž,
ž
Adjectives
~
²
to fish
$ž0 other 8ŧ| (I) to rest
ž who, which, that " ŧ
| (I) to swim
Nž0 fur )
ķ (II) to spend (time)
$ķ pl. only many )
5Ÿ,
¿>0 real )
ž,
)ŧ
0 sail )
ž
&!ž free
$ŧ
| (I) to chat
) ŧ0 special &!ŧ| (I) to collect
Nž0 cold š| (I) to be able, to know
how
Verbs J$
Jķ
|| (I) to take photos
J$
Jķ
C,
!š/
| (I) to run J$
Jķ
,
! to be J$
Jķ
C
š to go, to travel
by vehicle Adverbs
(round-trip) š fun
š 8ž to ride on š some, a few
horseback
"%Ÿ why
ŧ|& (I) to roll, to ride
)+ķ almost
ŧ&,
ŧ&, )U therefore
ŧ& )
ž simply
to water-ski ŧ (to) there
~ žN ²5N
to ride a motorboat Ÿ noisy
~ ŧ
~
ŧ8 to ice-skate
to ride in a Time Expressions
~ ž
rowboat â "ž /Ÿ last year
~
²
8 to ski &ž in spring
~
žN to roller-skate %ŧ yesterday
~ o
ž
to snowboard ž / for a long time
"ķ to buy ž in winter
278 # 9
š in summer ž оnе can/may; it is
ŧ ago possible
ž& in fall because
ŧ before, earlier ŧ/ I was tired
ŧ we were tired
Other
ŧ5 even
ŧ $
out of town
L!
&! ? 279
This page intentionally left blank
# 10 (T& )
@ %&?
D & )
-V!/&/ /&
&/ &
d O
&.
@ %&? 281
Talking About Places to Study
.
M + ? + .
.
²
Ÿ
(4–6 )
5
(2 $)
)
J -
N+ 0 0
+
(4 $) +
(5 ) = 9
'!
,&&
Mandatory education is nine years, equivalent provided by а two-year college in fields such
to the U.S. junior high school. Two additional as nursing and mechanics. #&,
years complete the secondary education & (and sometimes
) are
(" & !
), which is higher education institutions, also known
equivalent to а high school education in the as (from ² e +
).
United States. Тhe &
trains future music
VO&&
-8%& ( professionals, such as pianists, composers, and
is а vocational school. А provides conductors.
professional training roughly equivalent to that
282 # 10
1. @ %
&?
А. Which ones of the following schools are higher education establishments?
(RM#R&) relations
(-"
$0 R0 ) N+ 0
$
0 5 №2 ;0 !
) N+ 0
)
)
2 2entrepreneurship
R $
"
J 0 0
".#.
0 L0$
!F
3 "O&& !F
"O&& 3future
;E& !
Russian universit ies are divided into Students select a concentration called
O
, which are somewhere between a &"(
&, which is the approximate
college and a division in size. Each O
equivalent of a major in U.S. universities.
specializes in its own area of study, such as Traditionally, university programs last five years,
mathematics, physics, and philology (languages leading to a title &"(
&. While some
and literature). A O
is divided into programs continue to award five-year degrees,
smaller units called (division), many more have adopted a four-year !
where each subject area forms a
O
degree, followed by a two-year degree leading
(discipline, department), for example J
to the title of a
/&. The (post)-graduate
$0$ . degree is called
&"
.
(5
)
(4 ) (2 )
)
Many names of U.S.
universities can be
Y
& +
. formed with the suffix
+ ? +
--: (J
0
())
, etc.
Or the proper
+
/&
. name can be left
as is: T
+
&"
. «4
».
&"
/
.
& &"(
&? B &"(
& –
.
"
$00 5
J
² )A
J$
)$ N 5 JJ
N
$ )$ J
$
)N$ N
5
$ I
C
)
А вы?
• 7
+ ?
• *
?
• ' ) ?
284 # 10
2. Y
O
? Here are some common J in
Russian universities. What is the main subject of study in each one?
Have conversations according to the model.
S1: '0 )
+C + J ?
S2: * + J +C .
and
S1: * J +C ?
S2: * + J .
g Y
B
@
.
# $ # %
#
O
.
#
&"(.
& 3 4 2 1
#
#
#
&'(
# )²
#
? ) ,
#
!
#
).
#
# )²
+ #? $,
+ #,
/ , The word
#. (much, a lot) is
used to emphasize
comparisons:
#
#
!
#
#
6
#
+ (much more
"
#
")
#
# !
#
difficult).
5
# !
#
#
#
!
# *
#
#
#
А вы?
• # *
+ # )²?
•
) ) ? -
*?
• # )²
)
*? & ?
• +, # )² #
+ #
?
• ( # )²
+ :
!
#
# )²?
• (
6
#
# )²?
286 # 10
5.
"-
? Compare the languages using the comparative forms
given.
+
S1: # )²
+ :
")
#
"
#?
S2: 7-,
")
# )²
+ , "
#.
")
# "
#
#
#
!
#
!
#
#
6
# #
#
6.
? Ask а partner questions about the chart.
Change the boldfaced parts in the model questions.
Model: 1.
) ) V ?
2. & V
)
/ & )²?
3. 8+ V
)
/ & )?
4. +*, V -
* )
/ & )²?
"&" &
While the emergence of private universities Students apply for admission to а specific
and professional schools has made higher O
, and they start immediately with
education accessible to more students than the required course work in their .
before, the & (competition) into the The program is very rigorous and allows
most prestigious universities remains very high. for relatively few electives. Instruction is
Students are selected based on their high school theoretical, with less student-professor
exit exam (U@D, + # +
# interaction than in U.S. universities. Russians
9) ) scores and/or entrance exams are often surprised at the relaxed atmosphere
(&" d
). Parents often of U.S. universities.
hire private tutors (") to help their
children prepare for the entrance exams.
S om e s t ate u n ive rs it i e s s t i l l of fe r
! &
(tuition-free slots paid
from the gov ernment budget) for students
with the highest exam scores. Students whose
entrance scores are slightly below the cutoff
line for scholarships will be offered admission
& (
# /
+
# ) (on a contract basis).
These students pay the full cost of tuition. V&" 8<
+ .
А вы?
• #
(
+ "&"?
• ( *
+ 6² !!?
• & )+ !!
=
?
288 # 10
hUY9, ,j))'@' K\kq C #S[9j,k
7
""
# )².
% !
!+
/ )
.
10.6 The Genitive Case (singular): Nouns, Adjectives, and Possessive and
Demonstrative Pronouns
10.7 Syntax
8.
"-/? Rephrase the following statements using the words
student or teacher.
Model: (
!
.
A
– &
"/ &
.
1. >
.
2. ( 7
!
!+@ A
.
3. (#
9 .
4. B
!
!+@
,.
5. %
.
F. G. (6
C. I.
!
+ , !
C&GCG<G &GF( (HCC C (IFCC KCCLE&CM I(<>JGEG
+
##
+
# -
E. (.
. C. >6+
+"
*
# !
!+
I(<>JGEG 7&CK%>%8CC I(<>JGEG E$<(F%$%8% BCHE&(
!
-
+
(. . *
>. . 8
+" !
C&G%FCLE&CM I(<>JGEG IC>%>%8CLE&CM I(<>JGEG
+
-
%+
!
!
+
C
, &
B@#
- )
= + )
,
#
. C), #
#
!
# ),
, (
,
C!
(
,
, A
,
"
,
+
!
+. !
+ 6) 1. 1required
&
! +
, !,2, !
# . 2receive
$
3 +D
+
. !
6,, 5 3money
А. T
?
B. What questions would you have asked Irina in order to come up with
this story?
290 # 10
7
"
,, * !* &
#
.
+ *,. "
!.
#&
-
- +
:
#
#. $
– 4 ". H
– 1 ",
– 2,5 (+
! #) ".
- + 6²
6,. "1 A+
– !
+ 9) . 1at the end
%6²
+ 2 + ". &+ +D
,
2lasts
,&&
:
1. 9
!
A.). V
«U/ '/».
2. g& 8
S.Y. 9 &/ «;
».
3. 9
( "d ;.;. B
&/ «J!».
292 # 10
'
"&.
1. ķ
-
-?
2. & " +1 +
? 1lasts
A
&?
• *
(quarters)?
(
#
?
• & + +5 )
?
• L +,
+ :
6,?
• < 9) ?
• 9) 6* D6
:
! ?
• < 6,
6?
• ( 9) 6,?
• D6
+ ! 9) ?
• D6
!
?
• D6
++?
; !F
Only students whose parents do not live in the
same city may live in university dormitories.
The entrance to the dorm is often monitored
by an 8
(security guard), who will
check your ""& (ID card) carefully every
time you enter the building. In some dorms,
the documents are checked by a /
( floor monitor, person on duty)
instead.
.
A
.
8+ A
@? + & *.
&
.
.
*with my parents
, 1, 1probably
+ , !
+2 )
+*
2they must
-)5# 5 3, = )
3independently
. -
* A
+
.
: 6SA
%
"
5 – @
5negativeside
!
A
6, -57 +,, 6SA
+ )
+*
-)5#. 7-,
+
*.
: , A
) A
+
, 65
!
.
B. A
"-
? Express your opinion about your living
arrangements (dorm, apartment, with parents) compared with the
other options. As a group, make a list of the pros and cons of each
option as stated by your classmates. Also consider the following in
your discussions:
8+ 6+? #? V +
?
D6
(yourself)
?
Useful vocabulary
! why ! because
-/* quiet, quieter * /6 * noisy, noisier
+
/+
A expensive, +@*, +* cheap, cheaper
more expensive
294 # 10
Discussing Secondary Education
;
&&
* 6
? %
+5 .
&&
1 !
# 7 +# • *
6
@
S@
2
# 8 # *?
3
# (-) 9 +5# • ?
4 @
# 10 +5#
5 !5# 11 + +"#
6 *# 12 + +"#
(&'()
Z
,&&
F
+
+ * *
. %6²
* + +" .
<6 # +
!
6
5
+"
. & !
),
,
!
,
# )W. 7
+ A ) 5
!
),
)
.
5–9 -
), 6
,
,, )
,
, -
,, 6
,,
# )²,
,
,,
,,
# )², )
)
.
*
- - *
!
+A,1
) 2 =
- 1continue / 2part, portion
!
+, A 6
, 3 !
+. + +" 3select
+D ! ²4 9) (E+ # +
# 4exit
9) , E8V).
+D
# )²,
,
-5 !!
, +D 9)
!
+
!
+.
'
"&.
• & *
+
?
• !
+
),
- -?
• L E8V? !
+ 6) ?
A
A?
Using the text above as a model, explain in Russian how the typical American
schools differ (or not) from the Russian ones.
C. Interview Video. 8+
?
296 # 10
Extra
students *|
, -
" + / !
/
| , - "
levels () ( )
Word Building
Roots
"&- write @ # scientist
!
to write š
learning
!
writеr ķ
S school, institute
!
letter ķ teacher
!ķ # 9) writtеn ķ tо study at а place
ехаm š6
textbook
!ķ # desk
) tо study а subject
-, %- study ķ pupil (m.)
science ķ" pupil (f.)
# scientific š6 # + school year
298 # 10
@,ABBA9CA
10.1 Prepositional Case: Review
Remember that adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in gender,
case, and number.
Ÿ !+
.
I study at the teacher training institute.
# 6
) *.
Му brother studies at the music school.
&
#
+
" +A.
Sergei studies at the nursing school.
Remember also that the prepositional case for nouns ending in -
and
-
is -
.
*
.
Masha studies at the conservatory.
Before doing the exercises, review the conjugation of the verb %&.
Remember that Spelling Rule 2 is applied to the first (, not ) and last
(
, not ) forms of the paradigm.
*
/
#"
1. Write complete sentences with the following words.
Model: /!
-
# K %& " 8%&
&.
1. /+
"
# +A
2. /
#
3. /
4. /!+
#
5. 5 +/6 *
.
4.
+
"
.
5. 5
6
.
6. 5 -
.
7. * " !+
.
8.
* 2 + )+.
#"
3. Write out the sentences according to the model.
Model: > /2 S
%&
&.
1. /3
2. /2
3. /5
4. /4
5. /1
300 # 10
10.3 C%
Versus %& and
&
А. The verb %& (to be а student) is used in the following two
constructions.
1. То denote а place of study, that is, where you are а student.
8+
*?
.
.
!
.
2. То express how one studies.
*? 8.
В. The verb %
is used when you want to say what subjects
you are taking. Notice that the subjects taken are the object of the
sentence and, therefore, in the accusative case.
),
# )W,
.
At the university I study the Russian language, mathematics, and history.
С. The verb
& literally means to be occupied with, but is
often used in the meaning to do hоmеwork, to study. Тhis verb
cannot take а direct object in the accusative case.
L +*? )
,.
What are уоu doing? I am doing ту hоmеwоrk.
)
, 6
6
A+#
.
I study in the library every night.
#"
4. Fill in %&,
&, оr %
in the соrrect present-tense
form.
1. >
.
2. # 6
.
3.
,.
4.
6
6
.
5.
# )W.
6. !
.
7. &*
(
")
# )W.
8. +
)5 +
" +A.
9. 6W
?
10. 8+ ?
8
8?
Y
* +
? %
!-
#
.
Y
8
8
?
D !-
!- #
.
With other verbs, the forms && E,
/ & E, and the
like are used.
), && E. I study (the) Russian (language).
) , && E. I know (the) Russian (language).
,6D O
(& E. I like (the) French (language).
302 # 10
The corresponding questions are
E? or, in the plural
?
E
)?
),
!
# )W.
) ? ) ,
!
#
#
# ).
Note: The verb "
(to understand) can be used with both
constructions.
!
, "-
&. and !
,
& E.
#"
6. Fill in the missing words.
1.
(Polish)?
2. -
* ) (Frenсh).
3. # 6
) (Spanish).
4. ) , (English, Russian, and German).
5. > -
*
(Arabic).
6. # " !
(Ukrainian).
7. !- !
* (English).
8. ,6D (Russian).
9.
(Chinese).
10. &*
) (Japanese).
Nominative Genitive
Masc.
C -ø
C
-
)+
- )+
-
*Spelling Rule 1 is applied.
M, N -
/ M, N -///*
F -/* F -/*
304 # 10
Note 1: Тhе letter / in the endings -/ and -/ is pronounced as .
Note 2: / (his), (her), and их (their) are not declined.
Note 3: Last names with adjective endings аrе declined as adjectives.
nominative genitive
G# G/
G/ Tolstoy’s novels
$
# $/ A
) $/ Dostoevsky’s life
L#
# L#/ ) L#/ Tchaikovsky’s music
306 # 10
#"
8. Translate the following phrases by combining vocabulary items from
the two lists below. Underline the main noun first.
1. dean of the philology 7. division of applied
department mathematics
2. school of classical ballet 8. а textbook on British literature
3. department of psychology 9. а professor of modern art
4. history teacher 10. а French language club
5. Russian language institute 11. Tchaikovsky’s music
6. а first-year student 12. Tolstoy’s novels
) G#
L#
#
#
!
!+
# )W
!
6
!
+ (applied)
6 !
-
+
# 6
+
#
!
#
+ (dean)
*
")
# )W
10.7 Syntax
Notice the difference between the following two constructions.
),
. I study mathematics.
subject verb object (5 accusative case)
5 !"
–
. My major is mathematics.
subject predicate (5 nominative case)
Some sentences can have а combination of cases.
%
)
/
. She is studying the
асс. gen. history of Russian art.
!=)
7*
. I (have) read Pushkin’s
асс. gen. poetry.
1. (
#
), (
#
).
2. + (
# ).
3. 5 !"
– (
).
4.
), ( #
# )W), ( #
),
(!
-
), (
)
(
).
5. # +
&
#
(
)
# ).
6. % A (!5#
).
7. %
) ()
), (
)
(
).
8. Eť !"
– ( )
).
9. &
(&
#) – + (@
#
)
(
# ).
10. E@ !"
– (
).
308 # 10
Vocabulary
linguistics o grade
literature ï@
A
mathematics c
exam period
+
" medicine ò
# C
A+
+ international @
B
*
relations d
exam
+A management
science Places, levels and activities
marine science
a+
academy
!
writing
&"
(post) graduate
!
political science program
" subject ) (W* 6 higher education
!
-
psychology )+
) institution
"
sociology
class session
statistics +
department
+
area studies
&& class
)
physical education
conservatory
philology (language +A in Russia: junior
and literature) college
philosophy & year level
@ %&? 309
"# lyceum E8` (+ # high school exit
( lecture +
# exam
master’s program 9) )
+
division )+
assignment
&
seminar
pl. school holidays
-
technical college
competition
S vocational college 6
)
education
O
department !
! ID card
&& semester
essay
Students and teachers
&"(
& specialty, major
&"
/
graduate student
!
A
exercise
!
bachelor’s degree
! high school
graduate People
+" docent, assistant -
auto mechanic
professor +A
#/+A
person on duty
+
+ candidate +
! diplomat
colleague cosmetologist
master’s degree -
security guard
+
classmate (in
! violinist
schools)
+
classmate (at
universities)
Other nouns
!
tutor +
pl. money
!"
specialist
f. quarter
| , - " pupil
|, -(
schoolboy, -girl Adjectives
Departments and schools
Other school-related nouns 6
# biology
diploma (high school) +
# state
6
ticket
# geology
!
question
# history
+
! diploma
# mathematics
(university) +
"
# medical
+
!
6 thesis
)
# physics
++ presentation, paper
310 # 10
O /%& philology (language Other adjectives
and literature)
6+S
# future
# philosophy
W*
# higher
-
# chemistry
! # entrance
9
# economics
! # exit
+
# other
Languages
# contract
6
# Arabic 6) # required, compulsory
&
foreign "& written
#
# Korean ! # full
!
# Polish
*
# older; here: higher
!
# Portuguese +
# student
native , difficult, more ~
# Ukrainian & oral
6 # study
Numerals
Verbs
" first
6| (I) to be (frequently)
second
6
| (I) to choose
third
+| to give
% fourth
+D,
" fifth
+@*,
& sixth
+D
& seventh
%
| (I) to study a subject
& eighth
| (I) to end
ninth
| (I) to begin
& tenth
%
| (I) to answer
(
eleventh
"&
(I) to write
(
twelfth
",
",
Seasons "
!| (I) to receive
# spring, vernal
!! (II) to get in (a school,
)
# winter university)
# summer
# fall, autumn
312 # 10
# 11 ('
(
)
@ " ?
C +
e With quantity and
measurement: 6²
, 200 6²,
, , ,
6*, *
◆ Syntax
e Accusative versus
nominative
e $
ž#/+ž
and
+*@#/+@*
B&, "(
B % "
(
, sg. (
&
(
&
%
E!
!
&
%
/
&
&
Y
"
"
&
&
"
O
%
F ^
"
" &, ! ,
f. &
pl. " pl.
" & pl. !
/
"&
/(,
O / !
, pl. !
pl. /(E
J ! )
! 8 !
% 8 !
314 # 11
&
A . &
@A " .
A ? & to eat " to drink
• L D6
/ D6
/!
? !,
• L 6W !@
? * !@*
• +
A+# + ? ? / / !@
• L
? ( !
? + !@
+ !@
11.1 Verbs есть and пить +5 !,
past tense: past tense:
, ,
!
, !
, !
L )+ "
L? L A "
E?
11.2 Verbs продавáть and купи́ть
Counting Money
Numbers 100–1000s
100
200 +
300
400 W
500 !
600 *
700
800
900 +
1000 W
2000 + W
3000, 4000
, W
W
T/
Whereas Americans do not normally discuss with money and do not expect to be paid for
their personal finances with outsiders, Russians babysitting or other small tasks.
do not hesitate to ask how much you earn and Paying with cash ("
%)
how much your house or car cost. On the other is common, especially at farmers’ markets,
hand, Russians tend to be less materialistic although credit cards (
%)
when it comes to providing services to other are usually accepted at grocery stores.
people. Friends and relatives frequently help
316 # 11
)
& /? # ... The form днег is the
genitive plural of the
noun +
(money).
1 2, 3, 4 5, 6, 7, ...
The plural forms are
explained in detail
6
6
6 in Chapter 15.
!# !# "
+
+
+
Note the feminine
" "
"
form of numbers 1 and
2: + ŧ !#, +
< 5
"& " (. !#
.
)
& /?
C
C
& > /?
G
/ 6
E
A B
43
. > 51
.
C
221
. + 223
.
C
293
. >
300
.
% 400
. ( +
# 150p.
* $43.25 G $54.75
&
@A $691.25 * $692.75
B. Compare the amounts in columns А and В.
S1: < 6* + :
> ?
S2: < > .
S1: 6*?
S2: 8
6# 6*.
"
8
318 # 11
3. #
& %/ !!! You just arrived at your furnished rental
apartment in Moscow and some of the things promised were missing.
The landlord (played by your classmate) is trying to offer an alternative.
: C)
,
.
K)5
: , +! A 1. !
. % -
*, 1So it seems!
!
.
S1: C
!/?
S2: $, @
#
W 6. B
.
or:
, ... 6. B... ...
320 # 11
1 2, 3, 4 5, 6, 7, ...
5
250 W
1
V 6 @
E.
! 6 @
E.
6. "
Y
? Discuss Nina’s purchases with a partner. Decide
O is an indeclin-
which container goes with each item.
able masculine noun
Model: ! 6 6#/ , 6 ... (not neuter).
6#
# ! # +A
@
")
#
@
# -e6 )@ # #
# *+
"
!
!E
!8
!
& !
"
%
!
8. T
/
A. Your Russian roommate wants to cook a meal for you. You offer to
go to the store to buy some necessary ingredients.
мясо 600 г
рис 800 г
лук 250 г
морковь 650 г
масло растительное 300 г
соль и специи – по вкусу
(ссылка 1001.recept.com)
G : $# !
1 !! 1let’s make
: 7? L !?
G : 7 – 9
+
"
)6 6D+.
: ( A 2 !? 2need
G : 5,
.
322 # 11
: & 5?
G : , !
,
3, 6+ + 4. C !
3probably / 4enough
. !
, 5
# #5. 5just in case
"W.
: V A +7 !? 7for
/
E*
W6
5
.
!
+
. – }
2, *3, @
# -6, +
) +, 2cabbage soup / 3porridge
–
W6, !, * !,
# +
A
6*
&,
. ( -+
*
-6
, A
,4, 4unfortunately
1. +
+
+
"
,
,
- ,.
2. L@
# -6 A A+# + .
3. %
+e 5 +
) +,.
4. * # ! *
&,
.
5. F
+
D6 -+
*
.
• ( +, ! 66*
++*
+5 +?
Comparing Prices
324 # 11
B @
#
W
300 +
. V /!
V & /!
B
#
W
10 +
. V .
L@
/ , %
.
/ , % @
.
A B
6 - $.60 6 ! $1.00
6Wa
! $1.20 6Wa " ! $1.40
#
$3.00 *#"
#
$6.50
6Wa ! $1.20 6Wa
# +W $.80
6# -6 $1.23 @
# -6 $1.25
! $2.55 6 $3.55
^ Y
h
"
311 C
¸
4959.00
)
113 .6
313 C
)
1169.00
600 .6
!
314 C
¸
1799.00
56,8 .6 F
326 # 11
Shopping for Food
T
! , !A#, 6W +W. $* (fem.) and
B % ! +#
(masc.) are polite
ways to address a
13. T
/. Practice the dialogues with a partner, changing the items and salesperson. Actual
quantities as applicable. exchanges between the
salesperson and client,
1.
&"
: however, are often
: , !A#, = W
. fragments of sentences
devoid of extra cour-
$*: # ? =?
tesy. The items you ask
: , , . for are in the accusa-
$*: ES@ ? tive case, since they are
: = 6... direct objects of the
$*: &? complete sentence.
: ,
.
$*:
)1? 1to slice
: $, !A#.
2.
&"
:
: &
= ? The ingredients of
$*: ;/? 400
6#. / usually
: %#, = * +
! include beets, carrots,
$*: V " )
. potatoes, and pickles.
: (-, )
! , + 250
, !A#.
$*: L S@?
: C
?
$*: E
. L@
# .
: (
?
$*: , 6 -? 140
? %
179
6#.
: ( !6* ?
$*: 235
. &5 6 . 519
6#.
: , . )Ÿ , 6 .
$*: 7A#.
14. B
. Solve the math problems. (Note: The ruble amounts
given here do not reflect rеаl prices.)
1. < &*
6Wo +
6#. % ! !
6
328 # 11
Chapter Review
Word Building
Roots
-"- buy -"
- sell &+ !
+A A
#
!
+ to sell, to be selling . Today for sale—
! to buy, to purchase
fresh salmon.
!! to buy, to be buying !
+ to sell
!
+A sale, clearance
!! buyer !
+" salesman
sale
!! purchase !
+S" saleswoman
!
+ sold out
&
!
+A sale
6
A !
+ . All
!!
? How much did !
+A for sale, in stock tickets are already sold out.
his purchases cost?
#"
1. Write complete sentences using one word or phrase from each
column. Make at least two sentences in the past tense.
1. # 6
( ) ,6 !
+
2.
+ 5
3.
+
4.
+
+
5.
A
6. 5
6² o
+
7.
S
8. C
66 !
9. G
10. >
$
330 # 11
The verb " (to buy, to have bought) adds the consonant - in the
first-person form (like the verb !). " is а perfective aspect
verb (more about this in Chapter 12). It means that the conjugated forms
denote the future, not the present tense. You will also encounter the
command (imperative) form "/ in this lesson.
H
" L , . Tomorrow I will buy а new
purse.
+ " , * ? When will you buy а new саr?
"
6
! . I bought bananas and oranges.
8+ A "
? Where can оnе buy caviar?
", !A#, -6! Please buy (some) bread.
"-
-
- (I) " (II)
!
+D ! D I will buy, etc.
!
+@* !
*
/ !
+@ / !
!
+@ !
!
+@ !
!
+D !
#"
2. Supply the correct verb form.
F -/* F -/*
С. With numerals 2 and higher. You have already learned that nouns
with numerals have different case forms, such as год, гžда, and
лет. Тhe case of the noun is determined by the numeral. Thus, the
noun is in the nominative singular after the numeral 1 and after any
compound numeral ending in 1 when pronounced. The noun is in
the genitive singular after the numerals 2, 3, and 4, as well as after any
compound numerals ending in 2, 3, or 4 when pronounced. Nouns
after numerals 5 and higher are in the genitive plural. The endings for
the genitive plural are discussed in detail in Chapter 15. For now, you
have to memorize the forms needed.
1 (21, 31, ...) 2, 3, 4, ... (22, 23, 24, ...) 5, 6, 7, ... (25, 26, 27, ...)
Nom. Sg. Gen. Sg. Gen. Pl.
+ +
! ! !
( (
(
332 # 11
Note: Remember that the numerals 11, 12, and 13 requirе the genitive
plurаl form, since they do not end in 1, 2, оr 3 when pronounced.
< 21 (++" + ) +
/ " /
6.
but: < 11 (+ +") +
/ " /
6.
< 23 (++"
) +
/ "
/
6.
but: < 13 (
+") +
/ " /
6.
QUESTION WORDS
(INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS)
Gen. / %/
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Masc./Neuter Fem.
Gen. / /
334 # 11
< ( +
!
6. (feminine noun 6 аs
Andrei had a dog. subject)
literally: By Andrei there was а dog.
<
E !² o (neuter noun рдио
+
. as subject)
My sister had a radio.
literally: By my sister there was a radio.
< !² (plural noun коньк as
. subject)
Nina had new skates.
literally: Ву Nina there were new
skates.
#"
5. Write complete sentences in the past tensе.
Model: > /* # S !
.
1. /
2. %/*
3. # 6
&
#/
#
!+
4. >)/!D
5. ++*/
+
6. 5 !+
G /²A
7. # +
( +
#/A
8. / 6
9. C /*+ ( f.)
10. C
/!
# "
7. Pretend that you are working in а store. Today you are out of
everything the customer asks for.
Model: < @
? Y, &/
& %
².
1. < *+
# (Swedish) *+?
2. <
#
# #?
3. <
+?
4. < " 6?
5. <
A ? (declined as an adjective)
6. <
")
#
?
7. <
?
8. <
") *! ? (declined as an
adjective)
9. < @
# -6?
10. < " !?
336 # 11
Тhe genitive case can also express the absence of something or somebody.
/
?
, >
G .
Who is absent? Маrk, Lena, and Таnуа are absent.
literally: There is no who In class, there is no Mark, Lena,
in class? and Таnуа.
#"
9. Answer the questions using the words in parentheses.
Model: ? ;
&& ""
.
(!
!+)
1. +? ()
2. L ) ? (@
)
3. L
A? (* )
4.
? (# +
C
)
5.
6? (( 7
)
#"
10. Write questions and answers according to the model.
!8
@
/ -6
&
a loaf of black bread how much wine
!
² /
a lot of butter
a can of red caviar
² little caviar
/
5
! *+
338 # 11
11.5 Syntax: Adjectives / and
The adverbs / and аrе used independently, without а
noun, to express an opinion about а price. The adjective forms are used
to modify nouns. Study the following examples.
V /
* . (the adjective modifies the noun
This is аn expensive car. * )
or: V *
. (predicate adjective)
This саr is cheap!
but: V /! (no noun)
That is expensive!
V !
That is cheap!
The word & (too) can be used to emphasize both adjectives and
adverbs.
V * & +
. This саr is tоо expensive.
V & +
! This is tоо expensive.
T (more expensive) and дешвле (cheaper) are independent
сomparative forms. Do not use them to modify а noun.
5 * , 5 * .
My саr is more expensive than your car.
То modify а noun, you have to use the adverb ! and the main
adjective instead.
< 5 ! /
* , 65.
I have а more expensive саr than you (have).
#"
13. Compare column А with column В. What is the price difference
bеtween the items?
Мodel: D &"
100
, %
&".
A ;
!+ $150 $250
$350 $400
$23 $20
$42 $43
+
$79 $179
Nouns
Food items /(, pl. /(E cucumber
" & orange (fruit) " beer
!
banana ! pilaf
ham " tomato
Russian salad with !
+ pl. produce
beets, etc. !" bird, poultry
wine
rice
+ collect. grapes ²!
fish
water &
salad
vodka sour cream
+A jam & juice
caviar & cheese
"&
cabbage cake
* ~ sauerkraut O fruit
" ~ cauliflower 8 ! bread
O m. potatoes %
tea
collect. (
*)
*! champagne
- Coca-Cola subst. adj.
!
&
sausage
chocolate
O m. coffee ! , pl. ! apple
(
chicken (, pl. (
egg
* flatbread
lemonade Stores
onion
@, pl.
kiosk
margarine
delicatessen
& butter, oil &"
supermarket
~ vegetable oil
food store
milk ² farmers’ market
f., collect. carrot (
²)
subst. adj. ice cream
& meat Containers and measures
F pl. vegetables !
can, jar
!²
bottle
340 # 11
6- loaf #
teakettle
/
gram person
/
kilogram % young man
6 box
piece Adjectives
liter ! # orange (fruit)
"
carton
)
# Georgian (country)
"
%
package , cheap, cheaper
" half a kilo /ž, expensive, more
" -
half a liter expensive
6#
# Colombian
Other Nouns
# mineral
allergy # milk, milky
broom dairy produce
young woman, girl !
+
/ pl. only money +
# sweet
(gen. + ) 5 # glass
dollar ( from )
!# kopeck *+
# Swedish
coffeemaker *#"
# Swiss
+
credit card
!, microwave oven
Adverbs
! more
)
freezer cheap
!, pl. !
drink / expensive
!
stove + enough
!+ dishwasher
little
* less
! vacuum cleaner / a lot
! ruble
() probably
dustpan
must, need
* (clothes) washer A need
toaster & how much
8 refrigerator * too (much, etc.)
( cent + then, in that case
342 # 11
# 12 (T
(
)
!
&!!?
T
ŧ &š& "ŧ!
!
&!!? 343
Describing Past Activities
M *
G
&*
%
1. ; !F 7 %
&.
A. Working with а partner, discuss what the students in the picture
above were doing in the dormitory оn Thursday evening. Compare
the simultaneous activities of students within а room and in
different rooms.
S1: L + M, + &* )
?
S2: + &* )
, !.
% š
% š
+
)
( 6
&
# !
!+
$ A +
/* )
C
9) F
A
G
!D
* +
344 # 12
%
%
%
% %
«(
» +
, ",
! +
.
+. "%
@.
2. !5
" + &
9) .
V) 6
+ #, &
#
-
* "/ &.
+, &
# &
9)
?
2. \ / " .
A. Read the dialogue and analyze the use of aspect in the boldfaced When you say that you
verbs. call someone, you need
$ @ &
# " G
&
, &
9) . the indirect object
&
#: 7
, G
! forms of pronouns
[to] me, 6š [to] you,
G
: &
#! 61
. 8+ 6? 1you
[to] him, # [to]
&
#: )
9) . her, etc. See Chapter 13
G
:
? )
?? for details.
&
#: )
. !@
! ( !
* + " %
@
!
G
: +"!!
B. 7
+
!
+? Correct the false statements.
1. G
&
# / ! !5
"
.
2. G
&
,
2
. 2him
!
&!!? 345
\
!
?
!
...
2, 3, 4 5, 6, 7, ... 30 =
(+)
" %
&
ŧ
3. \
& ? Discuss how long it took the students to finish
their activities.
S1: H
+
?
S2: % +
) 2 .
%
&
1. +
2
2. C
² !+ 5
3. >
!
A
15
4. &* 6
!o
"
!
!
!
)
)
")
6+ 6+ "6+
%
A
A
"A
%
+ + &+
%
)
"
9)
"
6
6
!
!+ !+ ² !+
!
+* !
+* " +*
346 # 12
4. ; &!! !F.
A. The students in the dorm had just finished their previous activities.
What did they begin to do next?
S1: L + , + !6+?
S2: + !6+, !+.
/
* !
+*
)
!
)
)
G !)
6
B. Select a suitable activity to complete first, and then say where the
following students went afterwards.
Model: 7 &
# !)
, !*@ +
.
!- +.
1. &
# / +
( ) 3. / + ( )
2. (
> /
4. / 6
6
5.
W
? Yura was working on his term paper on Saturday.
Look at his schedule and answer the questions below. Pay close attention
to the verbal aspect.
8–9 зáвтрак
9 в библиотéку
10–13 в библиотéке (реферáт)
13–14 обéд в кафé
14–18 в библиотéке (реферáт готóв1!!!) 1ready
домóй!!!
(somebody), #-
!A !
(briefcase). 7 ) !
!*@
(some kind of ), -
6
6
. 6
6
+
6 @ !D
.
% 6
!) ,- . % ) +-
! 6
,
(with nobody)
. 7)+
, + ²!
, ²*
". G )5
!-
+-. G (because) 5 6 * ,
(could)
- !
+ ( follow) +* ( further). %
)
348 # 12
A. '
"&.
1. NN?
2. L +, + )
?
3. L +, + !)
?
4. + !*@ 6
6
?
5. L + 6
6
?
6.
"?
7. L +
?
8. + !*, ! !6+
?
9. L +
)?
10. + !* ! ?
11. L +
?
12. L +
, + ²!
?
13. 7 + D-
!
+
- +*?
14. +, + !-
NN
) A S
?
B. ? ? V%? There are still a lot of unanswered questions.
Who are these people? Why was D-
following them? What was
in the photographs? Try to come up with as many more questions
and answers as possible.
!
&!!? 349
Describing Future Activities
L ! + 66? ! 8
. Note that the will go
! forms do not need the
helping verb 6+,
6+*, etc. See
+ " 66? " "
.
grammar section 12.3.
"
A ?
• L 6+ + 66?
• + !#+@
!+?
• (
6+ +?
350 # 12
6. !
&&?
А. Working with а partner, discuss the students’ plans for Sunday.
G F
7. V
&!!.
А. What do you think the following реорlе will be doing on Saturday
afternoon and evening? Why?
1. >) – *
". % D6
!
.
2. C
– +
*. % D6
, ).
3. &
# 7
–
. % A . < + ² .
4. – + !
8<.
5. ( 7 –
) + «B».
)A.
6. + – *
. <
+5 .
7. >
– !
. 7* +
"
,.
8. ( +
–
A
. % )A. < @ +.
B. A ? Interview a classmate to find out what he or she will be doing all
day Saturday. Be very persistent. L? +? +? 7? ( !?
!
&!!? 351
+ " # !D
? " L )
.
+ " ? "L #
.
G A !
«(
»? , S@
,. /
, S@ !
.
9. /
"/ ... Finish the statements with your own
ideas.
1. + !D 6, 6+...
2. + + 9) , !#+ / ...
3. + !D !D
, !+ / ...
4. + +,
, !) D 6.
5. + !
, A
, !D...
6. + !
, = ,
352 # 12
Talking About TV and Movie Schedules
%
& = !
+? %
22.25.
%
&? % )
23.25.
!
&!!? 353
G A
«(»? , S@ +.
«(»?
«7*
#».
S1:
«7*
#»
+@
#
«% @
5
Пушкинский
A ». $
, 6! # wi-fi,
, wi-fi,
S2: A + =
. -+
I
(495) 545 05 05 7*
!., 2
S1: ( « 6
A
²» +? . 7*
6
100-250
.
S2: , +. V ?
Не брать живым 10:00
S1: V 6. Боевики, драматические 14:30
фильмы, военные фильмы 19:00
S2: %-o, . ,6D 6
. L
S@? О чем говорят мужчины... 12:30
Комедии 17:00
S1: «H@)+ 6
». . 21:30
Making Invitations
"
/
/
.
T
/ " )
+/ +/ ²A-.
"&
«(».
!
+ «$6
#
, ».
*with me
354 # 12
strong agreement K
*. T
/.
K
*. (& +
.)
agreement after hesitation ,
.
counterproposals T
/ % !#+@ .
% 8
A - -
A* A -* -
/ A / - -5
12. T
!
А. Respond to the following suggestions. Get some more details before
accepting or declining.
1. $# !#+@ 6 )
.
2. G -* !#
?
3. $# !+ )
+ ²A-.
4. $# !+ )
+
. B+ 6
5+.
!
&!!? 355
Talking on the Telephone Russians often read
telephone numbers as
complete units: +
) Ÿ
;
&!
Russians usually answer the phone simply ways of asking to talk to а person such as
by saying T
?!, A ?! or )
! (I am V, "
&
, U C
/
listening). T&
C
%
( O). Other
When you call an office, school, a person’s possible phrases are short versions of the latter:
house phone, etc., you are expected to use the U C
, "
&
or B
proper telephone etiquette. There are several U C
?
, B/B%.
A C
, !A#? U/ (+). % !*@ ) 5
.
> , U . % !*
.
G ,
) , + / "?
& &.
-! "
?
V
, !A#, C
. K
*. V
.
356 # 12
14. V/
. Invitation.
А. Read the dialogue and answer the questions that follow.
: (!
7: A
, !A#?
:
. -
!!
: $.
7: 7
,
. V 7. &*#, +
+
6Ÿ+ «&!
–
$
». < 5 + 6
. G
-* !# #?
: -, ! !)
*?!
7: ) 6
, .
: < 5
6 .
7: , !#+@?
: >+ . ?
7:
+", +#
.
: 8+?
7: < -+. K
*?
: K
*, +
!
7: , +
+.
: 7.
1. + !
(invited) 7
?
2. # + 6+ ? Где? Что? Когда?
3. 7 7 )
!)+ ? Клубы ср. 17 марта
4.
? ФМ Клуб 20:00
5. 8+
+
(will meet)? « Скрипт», Elektroshaman,
Электроника, Инди
В. Using the dialogue as а model, call а friend and
Джаз Таун 20:30
invite him or her to one of the clubs here. Agree on Трио Евгений
the time and place to meet. Джаз, рок
Дума 21:00
DJ Карина
Танцы
Точка 18:00
« Страна идиотов»
Рок, панк
!
&!!? 357
Going to the Theater
15. T
/. Read the series of dialogues and answer the questions
at the end.
&M( "M* N
. O "*
3O
*.
>
: H+
#! A > , !A#?
> : E@ +.
>
: ( ) , + !
+@?
> : G ) ,. A 6 11.
L-
6+ !
+?
>
: 7A#, !
+#, ) >
. %
) #
6
.
> : K
*, !
+.
&M( "*
3O
* (" "M:.
>
: $?!
> : >
? V > .
>
: 7
! 8+ 6
? 6 ) .
> : 6 6
6
. H
.
>
: (-. &*#, +
B*
+@ «F
$A». 7#+@?
> : +
. < 5 )
9) .
A 6 )
?
>
: ) ,, ž
+@ )
. !) D
) ,. >+ ?
&M( "M* O((, ":5Q " *
O*&.
S
: G
.
>
: &A, !A#, 6+ !
)
?
S
: H
? B «
)».
>
: ( 6
S@ ?
S
: , 6
A !
+ .
>
: (
!?
S
:
+".
>
: K
*, !6.
S
: ) .
358 # 12
&M( "M* N
.
> : (!
>
: > ! H
6+ «
)».
#
)
, 6
)
A
!
+ .
> :
. !
*
6
,
.
>
: ! $# +
. >+ ?
> : $
. G+ + )
.
>
: $ )
. 7.
T
"
!
!
&!!? 359
Chapter Review
А. You should now be able to . . .
1. describe single activities in the past, present, and future
2. describe simultaneous and consecutive actions in the past, present,
and future
3. use appropriate time expressions to say when a task will be For self-tests and additional practice,
completed please go to the Book Companion
Site, available at www.wiley.com/
4. ask and answer questions about TV programs and movies (what college/nummikoski
is on, when the programs start and end For access to the videos, please go to
the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
5. ask a friend out your access code at www.wiley.com/
college/wrk
6. ассерt and decline an invitation
7. make а counterproposal
8. ask for and give a telephone number
9. ask to talk to a person on the telephone
10. leave а message
11. end a telephone conversation
Student 1: You want to invite your friend Natasha to the theater, club, or a
sports event, but she is not home. Ask when she will be back. Leave a message.
Call again later and ask where she was. Make the invitation. Negotiating a
suitable day is somewhat difficult, since your schedules do not match. Do not
agree to your friend’s counterproposal. Agree to find out where to get tickets,
what they cost, and when the event starts. Then call the ticket office. After that,
call your friend again and agree on the final details.
Student 2: Your schedule is very busy this week. Make all kinds of excuses, make
a counterproposal, but do finally agree to your friend’s suggestion. Make sure
that you know exactly how much the tickets are and when and where to meet.
360 # 12
Word Building
Verb Prefixes
Many perfective aspect verbs are formed by adding а prefix to the
corresponding imperfective aspect verb. There are more than 20 different
verb prefixes from which to choose, а challenge for nonnative learners of
Russian. Generally, however, there is only one basic perfective prefix for
each unprefixed imperfective verb, which makes an aspect pair. Dictionaries
usually cross-reference the basic aspect pairs.
In addition to the basic perfective prefix, many unprefixed verbs can also
take other prefixes. Adding other prefixes results in а modified perfective
with а slightly different meaning. For example, the imperfective aspect
verb !
(to write) can take several prefixes, all of which give the new
perfective verb а specific meaning.
1. Basic perfective:
!
!
&!!? 361
@,ABBA9CA
12.1 Verbal Aspect: Overview
Most Russian verbs have two separate forms, the imperfective and the
perfective aspects. Together they form an aspect pair. Accordingly, starting
with this lesson, most verbs listed in the vocabulary will have two forms.
The perfective aspect will be marked with an asterisk in explanations and
in the Vocabulary.
| (I) and *!
| (I)
All forms of the imperfective aspect of a verb (the infinitive and
the present- and past-tense forms) denote process, action only, with no
reference to result or to the action being finished. Such action can be
habitual, repeated, or it can be continuous.
The perfective aspect verb, on the other hand, denotes a one-time
action that had or will have a result, was or will be finished.
362 # 12
Aspect Formation
Aspect pairs are formed in several ways. Sometimes you can predict the
perfective aspect by seeing the imperfective aspect, and vice versa. For
most verbs, however, you have to learn and memorize each form separately.
The following are the most common ways to form aspect pairs.
А. The perfective aspect adds a prefix. In this type of formation,
both aspects are conjugated in the same way.
"- )
*")
to eat breakfast
6+ *"6+ to eat lunch
A
*"A
to eat supper
c- + *&+ to do
-
*²
to do laundry
- !
*
!
to write
"-
*"
to prepare
"-
*"
to read
!
&!!? 363
For example:
L +*? –
D )
. (present tense)
What are you doing? – I am watching TV.
L +
? –
)
. (past tense)
What did you do yesterday? I watched TV.
The choice of imperfective or perfective aspect depends on what the
speaker wants to express.
Use the imperfective aspect for . . .
1. Action in general.
( +
#
!
6
6
.
Yesterday Andrei worked/was working in the library.
F * /
a
!.
I used to play the violin.
Also, when you ask people if they have read a book, seen a film, etc., you
are more likely to use the imperfective aspect. You are not asking if they
finished the activity.
G %
«(
»?
Have you read Anna Karenina?
G
«B
»?
Have you seen the film Brother?
2. Repeated actions. These sentences often include time expressions,
such as &/
(always), %
& (often), !²% (usually), /
(sometimes),
(every day), & (all the time), and
so on.
> %
.
In the summer I often read books.
3. Duration of time. These sentences often include time expressions
such as весь день (all day), / ( for a long time), %
&
( for
three hours), and so on.
66 +
.
On Saturday I was doing homework all day long.
/ A
+ .
I prepared supper for two hours.
364 # 12
Use the perfective aspect when you want to emphasize the result, the
completion of a one-time action. Perfective sentences may include words
or phrases that imply completion, for example
( ( finally),
(already), & %
& (at eight o ’clock),
%
&
(in three hours),
and so on.
&
# *" G . There was a result. (they
Sergei called Tanya. talked) — perfective aspect
but: G
&
,. Activity only, no result.
Tanya called Sergei. (Sergei didn’t answer.)
&+ *&
9) . There was a result.
The students passed the exams.
but: &+ &
9) . Activity only, no result.
The students were taking (the)
exams.
" *"%
«(
».
Last night I finally finished Anna Karenina.
but:
%
«(
».
Last night I read/was reading Anna Karenina.
*
"&
! .
I wrote the paper in five hours.
but: "&
! .
I wrote a/the paper for five hours.
7 +*
? –
- A &
.
Why aren’t you doing your homework? – I already finished it.
Note that the English translation of the perfective aspect can sometimes
leave out the main verb of the Russian sentence.
*"%
. I finished the book. (i.e., reading)
*
"&
. I finished the paper. (i.e., writing)
*"
. I finished supper. (i.e., eating)
#"
1. Examine the following sentences and translate them into English.
1. 6
/*6
to clean
L + 66? – <6
.
&
6
? – 6
+.
– ( 6
D
) .
!
&!!? 365
2. !!/*! to buy
(met) (
² . – L +? – %
!! !
+. – L !? – % ! S
.
3.
/*) to speak, to say
B6* +
«* !)+ ,
+».
C)
, )
?
4. )
/*!)
to eat breakfast
> + 6² )
+ .
&
# 6²
!)
!*@ ) 5
.
5.
/*!
to prepare
A
+ . 7! !
A
)
30
.
6. +/*+ to do
+
.
!5
" +
) + .
7. !
/*!
5 to take (a shower)
* !
+*
) + .
!
+*
.
8. !)+/*!)+ to be late
>
+ !)+
6, +
!)+ !.
1.
+ (
/*!
)
.
2. >) (
/*)), - ! 6.
3. 66
" (
/*!
) «#
».
4. (
/*!
) )
?
5. 8+ 6? – ) . – 7A (show),
(!!/*!).
6. &+
()
/*!)
) ) !
.
7. * (!
/* !
)
- ( poems).
8. G A (!
/* !
) !
? – , S@ !
*.
9. (+/*+)
) !.
10. * (+/*+)
+ 66.
366 # 12
3. Select from the following list the correct perfective aspect verbs to
complete the sentences in the past tense. Translate the sentences.
*!
*!
*+
*!6+ * !
1.
>) + !
. 11 ,
", .
2. G A «#
»? – ES@ . S@
, .
3. 7 > +
? – %
- A .
4. G A )
? – ES@ .
5. A ? – , S@ 6+.
4. Say that you have already finished the activity. The perfective aspect
verb is given in parentheses.
Model: >) +
. ( A +
.
1. &*
«G-
# $ ». (!
)
2. * 6+. (!6+)
3. >
)
. (!
)
4. &
# !*
. ( !
)
5.
A
. (!
)
6. >
A
. (!A
)
7. *
G +,
. (+)
8. !
+*. (!
5)
9. * !+. (²)
10. 6
. (6
)
!
&!!? 367
Consecutive action can be combined in different ways.
#"
5. Supply the missing verbs in the action chain.
66
, ! (had taken) +*,
(to eat breakfast). + (had eaten breakfast),
(to read) ). 7 (had read)
), (to write)
. + (had
written)
, (to prepare) 6+. 7
(had prepared) 6+, (to eat lunch). +
(had eaten lunch), (went [on foot]) 6
6
.
368 # 12
7. Write the corresponding questions. Begin your questions with the
following:
L / +...
+ !*@ (!*, !*)...
+ !-/...
1. + ² !+, !*
6.
2. + >) +
, * ).
3. + + !
6+, 6+.
4. + C
!
, !*@ ) 5
.
5. + !
(woke up),
9) .
6. + ( !)
, !- )
+.
!
&!!? 369
#"
8. Write complete sentences with the words given. Add prepositions
where needed.
Model: /*/) Y
! &
.
1. /
/ 6. /
/#6
2. &
#/!
/!
7. 66*/
3. /)
/6
6
8. !!//!+
4. >
&*/5/!
9. /)+
-
5. >
/6
/
10. +/*/)
370 # 12
#"
10. When will the activity be completed?
A. Answer the questions saying that you will complete the activities
at the time indicated in parentheses.
Model: G A !/ ? Y, F " /
. K
()
) " L /
.
1. G A !
/ «#
»? ( 66)
2. G A !
/ !
? ()
)
3. G A !/ !
+? ()
)
4. G A +/
? (
)
B. Answer the questions saying that these people will complete the
activities at the time indicated.
1. *
+
A !
, * ? ( !5
")
2. &
# A !
? (
)
11. Write complete sentences in the future tense by selecting items from
each column.
Model: !#+@
66
.
!+ + 66
.
)
66
>
* )
+
!# 6
6
! +
!- ) 5
!5
" + @
+
+
C. Consecutive action in the future. As with the past tense, there are
many ways to express consecutive action in the future tense.
+ *&
, ! & (The first action will bе finished; the
)
. second will then start and continue
When I finish (mу) homework, I will watch TV. for аn unspecified time.)
+ *"%
= , *" (The first action will be finished before
+
. setting off.)
When I finish this book, I will go to the stadium.
+ *"%
= , *
" (Both actions will be finished, one after
!
. the other.)
When I finish this book, I will write a letter.
!
&!!? 371
#"
12. Answer the questions using complete sentences.
Model: L 6+* +, + +*
?
(
)
/
&
, ! %
.
1. L 6+* +, + !
* =
?
(
)
)
2. L 6+ + >), + +
? (!
!
)
3. L 6+ +
, + !A
?
(* ))
4. L 6+ + +, + !*
? (!)
5. L 6+* +, + !6+*? (
A
)
13. Answer the questions saying that the activity in parentheses has to be
completed first.
Model: + !#+@* 6
6
? (!)
)
K " !! , /
"
.
1. + &* !+ +
? (+
)
2. + !#+@ 5? (!
= )
3. + !+* ? (! , * )
4. + !#+@*
? ( !
= !
)
5. + &
#
> !+ )
+? (!6+)
372 # 12
B. Motion in a vehicle.
8+ C
? – % "8
+. (Igor is not here.)
Where is Igor? Не went to the summer house.
C
, + 6 66? – (Igor is now back.)
+.
Igor, where were you on Saturday? – I went to
the summer house.
See sections 12.2 and 12.3 on consecutive action and the perfective future
for exercises with the verbs пойт and поéхать. The following chart
sums up what you have learned so far about verbs of motion.
Unidirectional Verbs
to be going at a 8
+
+@*? Where are you going?
given time
+ + % + +#. Не is going home.
+@* +*
+ +
!
&!!? 373
Multidirectional Verbs
#"
14. Supply the missing verbs. Consult the verb chart if necessary.
1. 7
, 7! < 65 * ? + (are
going)? – (am going) +.
2. G ( go) +? – $a, ( go) +
A+, 66.
3. ( go) 6
6
A+# + , # 6
+ ( goes) 6
6
.
4.
+
: 7
, &
#! G + (are going)?
– (am going) ) 5
.
5. 8+ 6
, >)? – (went) ) .
6. C
+? – , +. % (went)
+
.
7. > , + 65
"
. + (were
going)? – (was going) ) . ( , C ? –
(was going)
.
8. C
, + (went) ? – (went)
&
, 5
( (went) .
9.
, + 6 66? – (went) +.
10. ( +
# ( +
+
6? – ,
(went) +
.
374 # 12
12.5 Animate Accusative
Russian nouns can be divided into two categories: animate and inanimate.
Animate nouns refer to people and animals (e.g., &*, , !
,
*); inanimate nouns refer to places and things (, )
,
!
). You have so far learned to use the accusative case with inanimate
noun phrases only. Animate noun phrases have a separate accusative form
for the masculine, identical to the genitive case. The feminine accusative is
the same for both animate and inanimate nouns. Review the following
examples.
ACCUSATIVE CASE
animate: ,6D / 6
C
. (same as genitive)
7), !A#, C
.
G ) * =/ / +
?
SIMPLIFIED RULE
FOR THE
ANIMATE ACCUSATIVE
!
&!!? 375
#"
15. / º!? Write sentences according to the model
Model: + &
#
L! )/, )/ L!
.
1. > + &* 6. C
+ $
2. G +
# 7. >) + +
3. >
+ 8. + *
4. % + ( +
# 9. ( +
5. * + C
10. & + (#
1. ,6D (
).
2. ) , (=o
).
3.
(#
# +
C
).
4. !
(C , > , G
&
#).
5. # +
D6
(6).
6. G ) * (5 !+
*)?
7.
(5 +*
) 6
6
.
8. ,6D (
# 6).
9. ) , (= + ).
10. G ) * (#
*
# 6
+)?
11. ) (# +*
# 6
)?
12. (5 ) ) .
Vocabulary
Note: The core vocabulary is boldfaced.
Nouns skating rink
! ticket ! club
6 action film ( concert
6+
alarm clock
% game (sports event)
-+ entrance
minute
² exhibit
() dim. minute
channel "
%
TV or radio
broadcast
here: box office
376 # 12
! song 6 you (indirect
" %
&
half an hour object)
!
m. briefcase %-!y something
!
*
invitation
Prepositions
"/
program
O
report, paper
+ ((. in, within (a period
of time)
show (in movie
theaters) "& + gen. after
! list y + gen. by, at
bag, purse
Verbs
The following verb paradigms reflect the usage
Adjectives in this chapter. For a complete listing, consult
# main the verb glossary in the back of the book.
Perfective verbs are marked with an asterisk.
+*
# (-) home
soft. adj. 6
(I) to take
*
#, * , extra 6
, 6
@*,
* , 6
*
soft. adj. *) (I)
# theater o), o)@*,
o)
Adverbs (II) A, to see
+
*, +
+ for a long time
|() (I) to meet
F still
*
() (II)
F not yet
(),
no way
*(),
- quietly
(),
/
in that case +aé
% exactly cp
let’s meet
already /| (II) to prepare
/ , (dinner, etc.)
/, /
Pronouns *"/
, , @, all |
to prepare for
& all day 9) an exam
*!+
, # him, her (indirect
object)
!
&!!? 377
+| (I) to give ,
*,
*+
+, +*, + 8
| (I) to rest
++, ++,
| (I) to open
++ *
²
| (I) to do
,,
*,
*&
,
8
(I) to go, to travel *!
+ to convey, to pass
, , imp. "
/
" (I) to sing
| (I) to eat breakfast "L, ",
*"
"L
%
|& (I) to end "&
(I) to write
| (II) to call on the ", ",
) D, )o *, telephone "
) 5 *
"&
*!) " (I) to drink
See !Aķ ", ",
" See to buy "
!! *²!
% (I) to be able to *"8
(I) to go, to leave
/, , ", ", (by vehicle)
/ "
past /, /
, *" (I) to go, to leave
/ ", ", (on foot)
(I) to wash "; past
,, *, , " ,
*² "
, "
*
%
to begin (to do *!)/ imp. call
%
, something) !)| (I) to show
%a
,
%
*!) (I)
to begin !A,
%
&, !A*,
%
& !A
!
| (I) to eat lunch !!| (I) to buy
*" (II)
*"!
" L, ",
"
| (I) to be late "
*!)+
*!A| (II) to put
%
| (I) to answer !A,
* (II)
378 # 12
!A
*,
(,
!A
(
(imperf. ) 6
| (I) to clean
!| (I) to receive *6
(I)
*! (II) 6
, 6
@*,
! 6
!
*,
| (I) to eat supper
! *"
!
*| (I) to invite *) | (I) to find out
*!
(II)
6| (I) to smile
!
*,
!
*, *6
!
5 8 to want
*!
# (I) to arrive (on foot) 8%, 8%,
!
+, !
+@*, 8%, 8,
!
+; past 8, 8
!
*@, !
*, %
| (I) to read
!
* *"%
!
| (I) to take (e.g., a
*!
5 (I) shower) Phrases
!
, !
*,
!
; ;&/ 8/! All the best!
past !
,
"/ let’s go
!
, !
"
*!
to wake up
"& let’s watch
&
|
(d
) (I) to take (an exam) +
it’s a deal
+º, +@*, +º
/ out of town
*&
(d
) to pass (an exam) A
, unfortunately
&
, &
,
all right
&
&, &
, B(%)! Just a minute!
&
, &
I have to
&| (II) to watch, to look +"! Well done!
&L, ) you are welcome,
&, don’t mention it
& !
+ , !
+ , sold out
*"& !
+ short adj.
| (I) to do laundry +
with pleasure
*²
& with me
(|
| (I) to dance
(, &
/
I am tired
!
&!!? 379
This page intentionally left blank
# 13 (9
(
)
"
?
V
Gift giving is often spontaneous and does h²
not necessarily need an occasion. There are а Flowers are given for every occasion and also
few holidays, however, in which gifts play an without any particular reason ("&
).
essential part. One of these is Y /, There are flower stalls everywhere: around
New Year’s, а holiday that has adopted many metro stations, on street corners, and inside
nonreligious elements of Christmas. Another buildings.
such holiday is International Women’s Day,
celebrated on March 8 (B
& , ;&
). On this
day, men send cards to and buy flowers and
gifts for all the important women in their
lives (mothers, wives, sisters, grandmothers,
aunts, girlfriends, etc.). Gifts are usually given
for birthdays, also. Special parties for gift
collecting, such as baby or bridal showers, are
not typical of Russian culture. Contrary to
U.S. traditions, the recipient is not expected to
unwrap the gift immediately.
"
A ?
• "
6² ""
!+
?
7+
...
• FA+ / K • $ &
• # + • $
•
# + • +
A+
• D6
+ !+
? 7 ( )?
• ( " %
!+
D6
?
• ' / 6² ! !+
?
• D6
"²? !! "²?
382 # 13
)"
W
&
& (
8
L
% !Ÿ&
!
&
²
("%
'
%
&²
C/
O
!
&
/
&
/ &
O
!
O
• !+
6² !! 66*/
++*//!!?
• (
?
V
O
• # +?
• ( +"
# +*?
• ( ! +"
D *?
• !+
, !-*,
?
8
• !+
+
?
«
&
B&
» 13.1 Dative Case: Overview
"
? 383
?
C > +*
C
G
+
&
1. T . What did these people buy each other for their
birthdays?
> "
C .
S1: L !+
(
? C "
> "².
S2: % !+
. 13.2 Verbs подари́ть and дать
S1: ( !+
( ?
S2: % !+
# "².
+
( +
#
( +
#
+
+
? ?
384 # 13
2. V
Y /. What do you think Victor bought all the
people on his list? Use the store signs as a clue for possible gift items for
some of the people.
S1: +*, !
& +* ?
S2: +,, ! Ÿ.
1. +*
2. +*
# 6
3.
*
# 6
( +
#
4.
*
C
5. *
# +
C
6.
+
7.
+
)5
% +
&
"².
"
? 385
3. T . Svetlana’s birthday was yesterday. What did her
friends give her?
% /
( +
#
"²
6²
6
@A
+
"! G
6
&*
4. "
T
Y /? Each one of the people listed
bought little Dima а New Year’s gift.
А. Look at the picture and decide which gift each person gave him.
66* !!
++*
@ (
C
6
В. Practice the conversations аgаin bу saying from whom each gift was
received.
S1: % $ ! *
?
S2: +,, ! *
66*
.
386 # 13
5. " ? ? You are souvenir shopping at the
A
market in Moscow. Here are some typical items that tourists buy there.
What did you buy for all your friends and relatives back at home? What
did you buy for yourself (6)?
)
5
K
(amber),
6Ÿ
)
5 harvested from the
@A
)
5 bottom of the Baltic
6
)
5 Sea, is one of the most
@* popular materials for
jewelry in Russia. It is
molded into necklaces,
- *! fur hat bracelets, rings and
+ D brooches.
+
5 A wooden spoon
?
$5+ &
,?
B6*?
G@ ( ?
&
.
= ) 6*# ²!.
"
? 387
Asking for and giving . . .
6.
8 " ?
А. Larisa is looking for the perfect gift for Professor Smirnov and his
wife. She consults her friends Nina and Sегgеi.
1. L ) >
+
)5
&
,?
2. L
(answered) ? ( &
#?
3. ( !
+A
?
4. +, ! >
?
В. You need to buy а gift for the following реорlе. Ask several
classmates for advice.
1. An exchange student from Russia who is now leaving to go back.
2. Your host family in Moscow during your trip next summer.
( )
& =
.
> !
=
13.6 Dative Case: (А) Present Tense of the Verb нрáвиться +
+A , +*@.
388 # 13
7. ;
/.
А. The following couples cannot agree on the items to buy for a relative.
Explain the situation according to the model.
Model: C
6#
, (
#
.
C 6#
(
#
C
# G A@#
( +
# )# 6
C
6
# 6
&*
)# *
> )@ # *
&
# @
+A
+A
B. Working in pairs, assume the roles of the people above. Then have
conversations according to the model.
S1: $# !
/# = 6#
. %
.
S2: ( 6*
=
#
.
8.
!
&?
А. You are planning а surprise for your friend. Find out your friend’s
preferences concerning the following items.
S1: ) 6 6*
:
-)?
S2: 6*
-).
1. )
-)
2.
3.
4.
5
-
5. *+
A
6. 6*
6
7.
8. )²
6
@A
$ ! &/
"
& *.
9.
"
! &/ "
&? Тhe teenagers
listed received several gifts for New Year’s. Which gifts did they like the
most? Why?
2. C
+
3. > !D
4.
5. ( 6
6. C
«
»
7. &*
!+
8. G
390 # 13
"
Y /? Traditional role
Nina Alekseevna works in a toy store. Find out what she recommends for divisions are more
New Year’s gifts this year. accepted in Russian
than in American
& ( , !
+S" «$ C
*
»: culture.
& *
!+
+ A ! «$
C
*
». = +
*
, A
,, +
A,
!
* +,
²6
!
+
# 1. G, +
* 1different
6²
!+
2, !
5 +
9
6
2scooter
«I
». F5+ 3 «I
» «
#», A
- 3next to
6, !+ #,
+*. E
«I
»
!
4, * ! -5 +
, + 4can’t afford / 5something
!+ * 6*
.
E
*
+
D6
,
! 6 +
@
* . * ! 6wonderful
. ( 6+S
6
) !
+
!!
.
+ 6²
*
, -511 = + * 11although
A. '
"&.
1. L «
#»?
2. ( ! «
¿»? 7 ( )?
3. 6² !! A +
@
* ?
?
4. L «6
!
"#»?
5. L !
+ ( ! 6+S
6
) ?
B. Pretend that you are buying gifts for children. Ask Nina Alekseevna
questions about her recommendations.
"
? 391
Planning for Parties and Making Invitations The conditional
form -/ 6
(I would like) is a
V8/ /&. more polite phrase
&!6, (& &)! than -
(I want). The use
K 8 /
! "/
&
. of the conditional
is discussed in detail
13.7 Dative Case: The Preposition к in Chapter 15.
The phrase !
-+
comes from
$6
!A! the noun (guest).
It does not have a
direct equivalent in
English. A possible
translation is to
(go) visit somebody.
Another form of
this phrase is 6
-)5
5- (to be visiting
-)5# somebody).
T
Children’s birthdays are usually observed celebrants and (
,
with small parties in the home of the “birthday boy/girl.” These terms originate from
celebrant. Adults’ birthdays, when they are the Russian Orthodox tradition of celebrating
observed, аrе either celebrated at home or name days (from the word , name) in addition
in а restaurant. Gifts аrе usually given, but to birthdays. In most cases, name day celebrations
singing birthday songs is not as common as in have now been merged with the celebration of
the United States. Russians sometimes call the birthday, but the original terms remain.
392 # 13
<
6+ +
A+
.
. Note that the verb
% !
&
. !
*/
/ !
? *. *!
(to invite)
G . takes the direct object
(accusative case).
B. Tanya consulted you regarding the list, and you have some serious
reservations about the compatibility of the group. Discuss the
situation with Tanya.
G : - !
*.
G: 7-, = -
*
+. *
>
.
>* !
* *.
G : ( A 6 >
!
*?
G:
>
! ...
"
? 393
11. T Y
.
A. Natasha sent her friends the following message. Read the message
and relay the information to a friend who was supposed to get the
invitation, but accidentally deleted the message before reading it.
The friend intends to take his/her car.
Друзья мои!
Я хочу пригласить вас на торжество по случаю моего дня рождения.
Празднование состоится 31-го января в пятницу в 20.00 в клубе
«Рублёв» по адресу Чистопрудный бульвар, д. 25. Метро Чистые пруды.
Для тех, кто за рулём, лучше приезжать без машины. Веселее будет.
Наташа
!! !+
. 7 , !A#.
>): ! # 6*,
6
6² -
*
.
( +
#: (
#
*+?
>): , A 6 CD +? ) #
?
( +
#: ) ,.
>): ) ,,
* #
-
), !
# 6*
). , ) ,.
( +
#: +*, ) F-
#
?
>): $,, +.
( +
#: , + . !+, 6 =. <+
!5
"!
>): 7!
394 # 13
'
"&.
1. !
*?
2. L !
+A >) ! *?
3. +, ! ( +
#?
4. Continue with your own questions.
& !/
? B 21 +.
& /*
* 6
? U 23 +.
& /* 66*? U 65 .
"
? 395
ORDINAL NUMBERS 1–100, 2000
Y
S
&
2007
1990 1993 1. +
+
?
2. &
# ?
3. #
*
#?
4.
*: C
*?
5.
*?
6. >
* %
?
C/ '
1988 )
2000
1985
396 # 13
$+*
B6*
2006- ( + ²
*) +.
%
+
C >
>
G#
1870–1924 1828–1910
"
? 397
M&(
1.
(- ) • )
# " +?
12. +6
(- ) 2.
(- ) • ( +5#?
)
• ) !
# " ²?
11. 56
(- ) 3.
• ( !
# " ?
4. !
10. 56
(- ) • ( "& " +?
9. 56
(- )
5. # • ; "
+
?
6.
D • ( *
6
@
?
8.
7.
D
+ / !
+ # / +
A+
26- +6
5.
A+
?
B. Find out the birth dates of five of your classmates. Report the
results to the class; have оnе student write the dates on the board in
chronological order.
398 # 13
16. Aš. Applications. Working with a partner, ask and answer
questions about the chart, using the constructions below.
"
? 399
singing songs while walking around the
, an important part of the traditional Easter
and receiving gifts from the Russian Santa celebration.
Claus, T B (Grandfather Frost) and
his helper )/%
(Snow Maiden). Both
$+
) and &
were originally
characters in folktales.
The V
&8
(Easter) celebration starts the
night before Easter Sunday when worshipers
bring their traditional Easter food to church
to be blessed. The food includes Easter dessert,
"
&8
, sweet bread, %, and some Easter
eggs. This is the night when attendance in
churches is the highest. Near midnight the
priest opens the door of the church and leads a
procession of deacons, choir, and parishioners
around the church three times (&
8). Decorated Easter eggs ("&
) are J&ž& &š&!
400 # 13
,&& "
F) C
:
# ,6# !
)+
– # +. !
)+
!!
*!
,
*1 + ,, @
!+
. 1decorate
!
-+
+
, +
)5. F 12 6,2 ² 2strike
# A+
+ # A
# + –
. +
!+
,
66*,
!)+
5
- !
)+
. A A # !
)+
– = $
)S
,7 23-
5. 7Day of the Defenders of the
&+,S
# !
)+
– 7
. V !
)+
²
+.8 Motherland / 8labor
+
# !
)+
– $ !6+.9 = + 9Victory Day
$ )
10 – = # +
# !
)+
. 10Independence Day
E , 12-
D .
# # !
)+
, $
+
+ ,11 , 4- 6
5. 11National Unity Day
7
12 ,
) !
)+
: FA+ 7- 12members of the Russian
5
7- !
. a 7- D+
!13 !- Orthodox Church / 13bake
14dyed, colored
(-6),
* 14 5#"
-+ "
.
25-
5 – = G5
+
+ + . = +
15parties
+
, *
.15
'
"&.
1.
, # +?
2.
- !
)+
#? L )
6 =
-
!
)+
-?
3.
!
, FA+?
4. L G5
+ ?
"
? 401
17. /
%
Y /?
A. Here is a list of the most common Russian and U.S. holidays.
Examine the chart and answer the questions that follow.
1.
, $ )
(
?
( F
?
2. !
)+
, (
? G F
?
3. !
)+
D6 +
? 7?
4. V !
+,
!
)+
–
6
+
?
5. !
)+
+
!+
(
? ( F
?
402 # 13
B.
R "
? Read the descriptions and decide which American
holidays they refer to. (The vocabulary is at the bottom of this section, just
in case you need it.)
1. = +
"
, 6*# !
)+
#
6+:
*
,
+# D
!,
!,
, +
#
,
), +
² # !
.
2. = + +
, + D
, -+ !
"
!
+
,+#.
3. = +
"
, !
6
6D.
4. V + ,6@ -. >,6 D+ +
"², ,
)+* *
!"
²
–
.
C. '
"&.
Vocabulary:
organize;
*
ž # stuffed;
+š# turkey; º
Chapter Review
А. Yоu should now be able to . . .
1. discuss buying and receiving gifts
2. ask for and give advice regarding gift giving
3. say what you like and dislike and to what degree
4. invite people to a party and accept invitations For self-tests and additional practice,
please go to the Book Companion
5. receive guests Site, available at www.wiley.com/
college/nummikoski
6. use days, months, and years to express when something happened For access to the videos, please go to
or will happen the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
your access code at www.wiley.com/
7. discuss dates of birth and death college/wrk
8. express age
9. compare ages
10. say when and how certain holidays are celebrated
11. express congratulations and wishes for various occasions
"
? 403
В. Roleplay.
Student 1: Your birthday is coming up. Decide with a friend whom to invite
and then call the first person on your list. Let that person know what the
occasion is, when and where it will be celebrated, and who else is coming.
Then ask him or her to write down the list and call the next person.
Student 2: Help your friend make the plans.
Student 3: Call the next person on the list and explain the what, where, when,
and who. Also discuss what you are going to buy.
Word Building
Roots
- give -, - birth-, generating
+ to give
+ to give birth
!
+ to sell
+ to be born
!+
to give as a gift
A+
birth
+
gift, talent +
A+
birthday
!+
gift, present +
A+
date and place of birth
+
@ # talented, gifted FA+ Christmas
+ # !+A dative case
A+@ # newborn
(“giving case”)
+
parents (“ones who give birth”)
+
relative
+
motherland
+
birthmark
+ nation
!
+ nature
!
+ breed (of dogs, etc.)
+ # native
+ # ) native language
+ # !+A genitive case (“generating case”)
+ # + maternity ward (“birthing house”)
404 # 13
@,ABBA9CA
13.1 Dative Case: Overview
You have so far learned that the direct object of a Russian sentence is in the
accusative case. The dative case is needed to express the indirect object of
a sentence. The indirect object answers the question to whom, for whom
something is given, bought, said, and so on.
! .
I bought him a book.
indirect object direct object
dat. acc.
+
&&.
I gave the book to my younger sister.
direct object indirect object
acc. dat.
Sometimes there is no direct object in the sentence.
!
* !.
I am writing to you.
indirect object
dat.
Some of the most frequent verbs used with an indirect object (the dative
case) are the following.
+/*+ $# .
to give Give me the book.
!!/*! !
!+
.
to buy I bought (mу) mother a gift.
+
/*!+
!+
&& "².
to give as present I gave (mу) sister flowers.
*!/) G A ) C/?
to telephone Did you already call Igor?
*) % ) , D6
.
to say, to tell She told him that she loved him.
)/*
)
A ,
, )
.
to tell (a story) I will tell him the whole story tomorrow.
!)/*!) !A !
to show )
.
I will show you mу photos tomorrow.
!
+/*!
+ 7
+# , ) G .
to convey, to pass Tell him that Tanya called.
"
? 405
In addition, the dative case is used with many other verbs and
constructions. This lesson covers use of the dative as follows:
1. with the verbs ! (to help), !
+ (to suggest), and
(to advise) (section 13.5)
2. with the verb
(to appeal) (section 13.6)
3. with the preposition (to) (section 13.7)
4. in age expressions (section 13.8)
#"
1. Supply the correct forms of the verbs
or
.
1. E
(will give) D , (will give)
6 D.
2. (gave) *
A .
3. B6* + (gives) !
56
.
4. +
+
(will give) 6 +
?
5. > , (give) , !A#, =
.
6. ( +
# (gave) D
6*.
7. &
# (will give) ,
(key to the
apartment).
406 # 13
8. (gives) &
@A +
A+, !5
".
9. (give) , !A#, +
6².
10. G
+
(give) 6 +
A+# + ?
% )
. He took his (somebody else’s) guitar.
&L
. He took his own guitar.
% ) @ . She took her (somebody else’s) book.
&L . She took her own book.
% )5
- +
. They took their (somebody else’s)
money.
& +
. They took their own money.
Note: The possessive свой is not used in sentences where reference to the
subject cannot be established.
) ,, + 5 . I do not know where my book is.
) 6
? What’s your brother’s name?
#
22 +. My sister is 22.
#"
2. Substitute the possessive pronoun & where possible without
changing the meaning of the sentence.
DATIVE OF NOUNS
Masc.
C —
C -
-
)# &
# -# ) &
- ) -
C
- C
-
-
Fem.
( -
( - @
-
@ G - @ G - @ -
*+ - *+ - *+ -
Neuter
)
- )
- )@
-
)+
- )+
- )+
-
408 # 13
Note 2: The following nouns have irregular plural forms.
F -e1 F -/1
Pl. -
/ Pl. -/2
1-и for feminines ending in -ь and -ия. 1Spelling Rule 3 is applied.
2Spelling Rule 1 is applied.
Note 1: The pronouns / (his), (her), and 8 (their) are not declined.
Note 2: Remember that masculine nouns ending in -a are declined as
feminines. Their modifiers, however, are in the masculine form.
! ++*
.
$A !
+
&* .
"
? 409
DATIVE CASE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Nom.
Dat. !
QUESTION WORDS
(INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS)
Dat. %
#"
3. Answer the questions in complete sentences using the nouns in
parentheses.
Model: !
* !+
? (( )
K " L "
A.
1. !+
* ? ()
2. 66* !
? (C
)
3.
+
!
!+? (>))
4. >
C
, !+
=
"²? (G )
5. !
*
? (&
#)
4. Write complete sentences with the words given. Use the perfective
future.
Model: /!+
/#
*
# 6
/
K "
L & &
!
/.
1. /!/# -
*
# +
C
/
2. &
#/!/= # + /
3. /!/ *
!+
> /
6
4. /!/5 +*
%/
5. /!+
/ * !
!+
"/
410 # 13
6. /!+
/= # !
/"²
7.
/!/ * !!/
8. /!/# +*
# 6
&*/*
9. $
> /!/= + /6
10. /!+
/* ++*/*
?
5. Write complete sentences in the past tense by selecting one item from
each column. Notice that both the indirect objects and the direct
objects are in the plural.
Model: !
*
+
*
.
+
*
=
@A
"
? 411
13.5 Dative Case: Verbs "/
, "
/
,
and &š
The verbs "/
(to help), "
/
(to suggest), and &
(to advise, to give advice) govern the dative case; that is, the person
receiving the help, suggestion, or advice is in the dative case. The verbs
are conjugated as follows.
"/
| (I) "
/
| (I) &|
| (I)
!, !
+, ,
!* !
+* *
!, !
+, ,
*"% (I) *" | (II) *"&|
| (I)
! !
+A !,
!A* !
+A
* !*
/ !A !
+A !,
!A
!A
!
past tense: !, !, !
imperative: 7/
A+# + !,
. I help (mу) mother every day.
7 & ! Help your parents!
>) !
+A ! Lisa suggested (to me) that
!! . I buy Dad a tie.
, ! ! . I advise you to buy him a book.
#"
7. Translate the following into Russian.
412 # 13
13.6 Dative Case: The Verb нр
виться
А. Present tense. You have so far learned to express liking with the verb
!. Although the verbs ! and
& (to appeal,
to please) are often used interchangeably, they do have differences
as well. S! is a more general term, whereas
& often
refers to a single, specific item or incident. Compare the following:
6S ,6D
")
, =
.
In general, I like French films, but this one I do not like.
When using the verb
&, the thing or person liked is the subject
of the sentence. The person who likes is in the dative case. Compare the
following sentences with the verbs ! and
&, both of
which can be translated as I like Russian music.
,6D
).
subject verb direct object
nom. acc.
)
.
indirect object verb subject
dat. nom.
literally: Russian music appeals to me.
Notice also that the verb
& must agree with a plural subject.
&
.
indirect object verb subject
dat. nom.
literally: Russian films appeal to me.
"
? 413
#"
8. Write complete sentences with the words given.
Model: C /=
C
& R O .
1. /= )
2. C
/
-)
3. # 6
/=
4. /=
5. 5 /=
+
6. # +
( +
#/6
7. /= ! /?
8. #
*
# 6
/+A)
9. +
)5/= *
10. 5
/ !+
/?
11. /
")
+-
12. * !
!+/=
+ /?
13. 5
!+
G / *
14. /=
+/?
15.
+
/# !+
9. Write both questions and answers according to the model. Use the
corresponding personal pronoun in the answer.
Model: > /
+ )
&
S?
U
&
.
1. &
#/ 6. 7!/
*
) 7. 5
/
")
2. */!!-)
3. 5
*
/ 8.
+
/!
())
4. =
+ / 9. 5 +* G /)W
!=)
"
5. +/-# (
+ !
) 10. *
+
/
*
(!+
)
414 # 13
В. Past tense. Past-tense sentences are formed as follows. Remember
that the verb agrees with the thing liked.
*!
& !+
. (agrees with a masculine noun)
Mother liked the gift.
C
, *!
& . (agrees with a feminine noun)
Igor liked the book.
B6* *!
& !
. (agrees with a neuter noun)
Grandmother liked the letter.
&* *!
& ²A
. (agrees with a plural noun)
Sasha liked the skis.
#"
10. Which present did these people like most of all? Write sentences in
the past tense.
Model: C
/²A
C/ ! &/ "
&
².
1. &*/ 7. # +*
# 6
&
#/
2. > / @
3. ( +
#/
!+ 8. !!/²
4. 5
/
@A
9. 5 !+
G /+-
5. ( /
10. *
+
/6
6. 66*/*
"
"
? 415
C. *V
& or H
&. The past tense of an imperfective aspect
can sometimes indicate reversal of an action. The imperfective aspect
form
& implies that one has stopped liking something that was
liked before, whereas the perfective aspect from *"
& denotes
that the liking started in the past is still going on.
,
&
-), !
6*
).
I used to like rock music, but now I prefer classical music.
*"
& =
.
I liked this film very much (and I still do).
#"
12. Here is a list of some people’s past and current likings. Write
sentences according to the model.
Model: F * (
#6, !
# 6*
.
p
"
1. ( #6
2. &
#
-#
3. + *- !
4. G
-) +A)
5. C
")
6. >
416 # 13
dat. + dat.
to mе
to him
# # to her
to them
#"
13. Finish the sentences with the prepositions or and the correct case.
1. +
+@*?
+ (>)).
2.
-+ (6
6
).
3. 8+ *? % !* (
).
4. 7
-+ ()
!
5. +
+@ &
#? %
+@ (( +
#).
6. H
>) !+ (66*) (+
countryside).
7. H
!+ () (
+
).
8. > )+
(C
) ( *
+
)5).
9. C
> !#
. (% ) !
-
.
10. 7
-+ ()!
"
? 417
#"
14. How would you say the following?
1. I’m 25.
2. How old is he?
3. How old are you (formal)?
4. She’s 22.
5. Are you 21?
6. How old is your younger brother?
7. How old is your grandmother?
8. My grandfather is 75.
9. How old are your parents?
10. My mother is 40 and my father is 42.
11. My brother will be 18 soon.
12. When my sister was 15, she liked rock music.
418 # 13
13.10 Time Expressions: Days, Months, and Years
Time expressions answering the question when? with days, months, and
years use the following combinations of cases.
(+ W
+ +"/
ž+
)
day + month
/ %&
? 2-/
(
/ a
) gen.
+?
7. C. L#
# & 25- !
P. I. Tchaikovsky was born on April 25,
1840- +
25- 6
5 1840, and died on October 25, 1893.
1893- +.
To ask about somebody’s birthday you can use the verb родться or the
noun phrase день рождния.
+ &? & 24- (++"
@
)
5.
or: + ? B 24-
5.
or: + ! ? #
24-
5.
"
? 419
#"
15. Translate the following into Russian.
Vocabulary
Nouns
m. teddy bear
Gifts ball
6
bracelet +A+ clothing
6 necklace "
() pl. "
gift, present
/
& necktie
(
) (tennis) racket
) truck &
airplane
8 pl. only perfume & sweater
/
toy &
earring
D* (-# ) (hockey) stick &
bag, purse
( pl. (
ring
goods
6
building blocks !
~ sporting goods
doll (² sg. " flowers
pendant "! chain
420 # 13
%
&² pl. only watch ! (-š) October
O scarf ! (-š) November
,
)+
jewelry
! (-š) December
m. amber
Other nouns
Holidays and celebrations ²6
selection, choice
%
party /& m. guest
;&
, International -+
to go for a visit
A+
+ # Women’s Day 6 5- to be visiting
A
# +
+ idea
T B Grandfather Frost
+# turkey
$ )
Independence Day D cranberry
$ !6+ Victory Day
) corn
birthday mask
@ fir tree
² card
|
, -
" person celebrating !
+A
suggestion
name day !
6 problem
name day
+
relative
+ costume party
! sauce, syrup
V
&8
Easter +
pl. only sweets
7
May Day
+ labor
"
celebration, holiday ² pumpkin
P& Christmas -)5
host
)/%
Snow maiden -)5# hostess
morning party
date, number
*
, )+* # ~ balloon
Months (all masc.)
(
š) January Adjectives
O
(-š) February # vanilla
March # delicious
" April )# gold(en)
May
#, here: -year-old
L June , ,
L July
soft adj.
/& August !
#
&! (-š) September
five-year-old boy
"
? 421
A+
+ # international Prepositions
younger, youngest + dat. to, toward
+ # fashionable + gen. from
соmp. of younger
+#
# creative Verbs
!+
#, -, last 6
| (I) to choose, to pick
-, -
soft adj. *²6
(I)
!
)+
# festive ²6
, ²6
*,
) # religious ²6
6
# silver
|
(I) to give
L,
,
L
+
# sweet
*
,
&
соmp. of
,
,
&,
# older
,
,
&
older, oldest
;
*
# stuffed imp.
/
*+ # chocolate
| (II) to give as a present
L,
,
Аdverbs
*"
! &/ most of all
& (II) to like, to please
6S in general, generally
&,
exactly
&
& soon *"
&
| (I) to celebrate
Pronouns *!+| (I) to think (for a
while)
dat. to whom, for whom
!)+
5| (I) to congratulate
dat. to me, for me
""
(I) to buy
! dat. to you, for you *"| (II)
dat. to him, for him " L, ",
dat. to her, for her "
dat. to us for us " %
| (I) to get, to receive
dat. to you, for you *" %| (II)
" %, " %,
dat. for them " %
& poss. one’s own
6 reflexive for oneself
422 # 13
"/
| (I) to help, to aid &|
| (I) to give advice, to
*"% (I) &, advise
"/, &,
", &
"/; *"&
past "/,
*| (I) to decorate
"/
, "/ ;
| (I) to die, to pass away
imp. "//
*
(I),
*!/!
to ask (for)
,
@*,
*!
+a| (I) to suggest
;
*!
+A| (II) past ,
,
!
+A,
!
+A
*,
| (I) to organize
!
+A
!
*| (I) to invite Phrases
*"/
& (II)
$6
!A! Welcome!
"/
,
"/
&, ) š! Happy Birthday!
"/
& & ! On your new house!
!
-+ (II) to arrive &
A+@ ! On your new baby!
!
-A, ) Y /! Happy New Year!
!
-+
*, ) "
! Happy holiday!
!
-+;
& !
)+
Happy Women’s
imp. "8
! Day!
*
+ to be born
& FA+! Merry Christmas!
&,
&, K
! Happy Easter!
& ( literally: Christ
is risen!)
²*| (II) to hear
²*, ²*
*,
! response to «Happy
²* Easter” (Truly
is risen!)
"
? 423
This page intentionally left blank
# 14 (²
(
)
! "/
?
U&
! 8
"/
, " V(.
! "/
? 425
Talking About the Weather
!
!
(!
)
()
The word & ( is
& ( pronounced [ "].
)/...
;%
!² ...
\
!...
"
"8
c % !
% "
&
)/... 8
;%
! /
...
\
!...
)/ ...
;%
...
& /
When it is raining cats
\
!...
and dogs in English,
Russian rain is being
poured from a bucket:
T
.
&/
426 # 14
1. V/
&/, %
. With your partner, practice asking
about the weather conditions in the following cities. Pay close attention
to the Russian equivalents you need.
S1: !+ ,-M
+ ?
S2: K
* !+.
S1: ( !+ 6
?
S2:
6 !- !+.
S1: ( )
6+ !+?
S2: H
6+ -+ .
! "/
? 427
H
# &
6
/ -+ , % 6
L@
.
Opposites
adjective adverb comparative adjective adverb comparative
# ²*e )
# ) A
+ # (+ ) +
#
8 8 8 " " "
%
@ # 5
# 5
5
5 # 5
#
#
6# 6 6
428 # 14
4. T %? Compare the items in column А with those in
column В using comparatives оf the adjectives in the box.
!/ / .
A B
1. +
2. "
3. )
)
D
4.
D
5. (
)
6.
+ L
+ V-7
7. )
&
6
)
*
+
21
+ "
.
+ !
? &+ 22
+
.
25
+
V ^
/ V h &
! "/
? 429
5.
"/
?
А. The chart shows the weather conditions in various cities around the
world. Answer the questions.
1.
+ + !
? (
)?
2. -
+-
+@ +A+? ( ?
3. 8+
"? ( + !
?
4.
+ + !: > +
?
+ !?
5. 8+ + -+ : ,-M
7
A?
+ -+ ?
A&
$
/ $ $/
@
+15 +33 +11 +17 +24 +23
"/
/ S
S B
B&
Y-
+9 +29 +13 +21 –5 +4
V
)/ ) 9 9 ;
6. V/ "/.
А. Look at the weather forecast and answer the following questions.
6) without
+
precipitation
1. What city is the forecast for?
2. What dates is the forecast for?
430 # 14
3. Is precipitation to be expected on the first day of the forecast?
How about the following days?
4. What are the direction and strength of the wind?
5. What is the range of temperatures on the first day? How about
the following days?
В. How are the following expressed in the Russian text: sleet, high
temperature, above zero?
Погода
В Москве и Московской области 26
марта в отдельных районах слабый
дождь со снегом, ветер юго-восточный,
5–10 м/сек. Максимальная температура
днём 3–5 градусов тепла, по области
1–6 градусов тепла, на дорогах местами
гололедица. 27 и 28 марта без осадков,
ветер юго-восточный, 5–10 м/сек, днём
2–7 градусов тепла.
7. ) "
8 /
8. Use the temperature chart
to answer the questions. Refer to the map of Russia on the inside cover
of the book for the location of the cities.
1. 8+ -+ =
+?
2.
+ !
)
#
?
3. 8+
+ !
A )
#: +
& -7
6
?
+ A?
4. 8+ !:
& -7
6
?
+
?
+ !?
5.
+ )
+ !
)
#?
6. (
+
+ !
?
& "
! "/
? 431
8. T
/. Read the two dialogues and answer the questions that follow.
1. +
>)
)
,:
)
#?
2. +
!+?
3. +, + 6 & -7
6
?
4. 6 !+?
5. +,
#? 7 ( )?
6. +,
A
@
D? 7?
432 # 14
The Russian View of Nature
V
/
Russian literature and music are full of descrip- wrote а series of twelve lyric songs for the piano
tions of nature, and of trees in particular, often called «;
/
» (The Four Seasons), one
to the extent of boring а Western reader, who is for each month of the уеar. Each song reflects
unaccustomed to such detailed odes to nature. the feelings and emotions of рeорlе during that
For Russians, nature is everywhere: it is in the particular month.
white trunk of а !
(birch tree), the symbol $ % refers to the time around the
of Russian nature, and in the color of leaves in summer solstice, June 21, when the amount of
the fall. \
& (golden fall) is а phrase continuous daylight ranges from а full 24 hours
often heard, and it is also the name of а painting above the Arctic Circle to approximately
by the famous Russian landscape artist C&
20 hours on the latitude of St. Petersburg.
S
. «$ %» is also the name of а popular
The seasons are represented not only in art arts festival held in St. Petersburg during
and in literature, but also in music. Tchaikovsky that time.
C&
S
“\
&”
! "/
? 433
Discussing Weather-Related Activities
Y
(, literally in
the street, is also used
in the meaning outside.
Y
( -+ . &
A
.
>
"
. U
& .
14.4 Necessity with нáдо
, &
( % 8 ? A &
(
?
O!
"
F
"
"
&
"/ &
O
"%
434 # 14
11.
? These people are not properly dressed for the
weather. What should they do?
A
W
T
! /
.
U& )
! -
* !+, " )!
.
"
" .
14.5 If Clauses
A ?
• L 6+ + 66,
6+ -
* !+?
• (
6+ !- !+?
12.
"?
"? Where are these реорlе going
tomorrow if the weather is nice? Use the verb !# for short distances
and !- for long distances.
! "/
? 435
13. U&
!...
A. It is the end of September in St. Petersburg. The weather is very
unpredictable and can rangе from an Indian summer to snow.
Larisa was asked what she would do tomorrow under the following
eight weather conditions. Her answers were accidentally mixed
up. Select the most logical answer for each condition. Also give
recommendations for clothing when appropriate.
S1: L 6+ + >
,
)
6+ !?
S2: E
)
6+ !, 6+ 5 !
/
!#+@ !
.
S1: +*, # + +?
S2: E# + + +A
6.
"/
(her response)
1. -+ 6
2. +A+ )!
3. A
²Ax
4. 6
6
5.
+ +
6. #
6
6²
7. !
!A
8.
) !
# +
B. Ask what your friend will be doing tomorrow under the weather
conditions in part A.
E
)
6+
-
*
!+,
!,
+ , !#+@ !A.
E
)
6+
!-
!+,
-+ ,
436 # 14
14. 9 & ...
А. Your classmate and his or her friends will go to the following places only
if the weather tomorrow compares favorably with the weather today.
S1: )
!+ +?
S2: $, !+,
)
!
-+ ,
+ .
or: $, !+,
)
!
!,
+ .
"/"8
Chapter Review
А. Yоu should now be able to . . .
1. ask and answer questions about the weather, including the sun, wind,
rain, snow, and temperature; in the past, present, and future
2. соmраrе weather conditions in different places
3. express temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit For self-tests and additional practice,
4. describe the typical weather conditions of an area please go to the Book Companion
Site, available at www.wiley.com/
5. express physical and emotional conditions concerning temperature; college/nummikoski
For access to the videos, please go to
well-being; boredom and interest; fun the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
your access code at www.wiley.com/
6. give advice about appropriate clothing college/wrk
! "/
? 437
C. Dialogue. Invite a friend to your + this weekend. Your friend is
wondering about the weather, because the forecast was a little vague.
Discuss what you will do there under various weather conditions.
D. Roleplay. You live in а cold Russian city of your choice (Irkutsk,
Novosibirsk, Vladivostok, Murmansk). Your classmate is a foreigner who
lives in а warm climate. You are both at the Moscow airport waiting for а
plane. Introduce yourself to the foreigner and compare the climates of your
cities. Also discuss what leisure-time activities can bе done in your climate.
E. Interview Video. FŸ !
ž+
Extra
&
(
438 # 14
!
)+-
,
- !6
A- +
+5...+9°&, "
-
# -
*: 0°...+2°C. 7+
6 , -+ .
! - 6
#
#
+
#
,
+
,
A, ,
6# ++.
1. The Arctic region does not include the mainland of Russia. What
does it include instеаd?
2. “Polar Night” refers to the time in winter whеn the sun does nоt
rise above the horizon at all. What is the range of the Polar Night
in the Arctic regions?
3. What is the оnlу source of light during Polar Nights?
4. What is the temperature in winter?
5. During Polar Days in the summer the sun does not set at all.
What is the range of the Polar Dау in the Arctic геgiоns?
6. What is the weather like in the summer?
7. What animals live permanently in the Arctic?
9
&
G +
( +
#) )
10% #
F
.
+
#: )
+
6 –8 ",
), +-+S
+o –50°&,
-+
.
> +
-+ . &
+ !
,
!
* +10°&. H
)
6, +A , !+
A .
7 - 6
# +
:
, +
!
".
1. How much of the territory in Russia
does the tundra occupy?
2. How long does the winter last?
3. What is the weather like in winter?
4. What is the weather like in summer?
5. What animals live in the tundra?
c
! "/
? 439
S& " &:
/
, &
& &
+
- +
.
!##
F
# !
–
#
.
1. What areas of Russia does the taiga cover?
2. What is summer like in the taiga?
3. What about winter?
4. What animals live in the taiga?
5. What animal lives in the forests of the Far East?
)"
&! )
, ()
+ A <
.
&!
!
A H!+ # &
6
. 7
- 9#
) !
.
&
+ !
, +22...+23,5°& (A
+
+40°&). 7+
-
. H
!,
# ) ,
)
–20...–30°&.
G
!
!
+
A
!
, ! #
# ( 6*
!a).
1. What areas of Russia does the steppe соvег?
2. What is the main vegetation of the steppes?
3. What is the weather like in summer?
4. What is the weather like in winter?
5. What аrе some typical animals of the steppes?
440 # 14
Word Building
Roots
-x a-, -8 - cold -- frost
-ť+ cold $+
ť) Grandfather Frost
-+
rеfrigеrаtоr
)
freezer
-+ to cool
ťA ice cream
-ť+ # cold *)/
ť)
to frееzе
!
-+ # сооl
Soft Adjectives
Soft adjectives are formed with а suffi x -()-. Most of them refer to time
or place.
14.7 Soft Adjectives
Time
)
# winter(y)
H
# +
š" Winter Palace (in St. Petersburg)
š
# spring, springlike
š
# + spring day
š
# autumnal
«%š
#
ť » Autumn Маrаthon (а Russian film)
š
# summer(y)
>š
# + Summer Garden (in St. Petersburg)
# morning
!
+ morning broadcast
š
# evening
«š
# H » Evening Веll(s) (а Russian song)
! "/
? 441
Place
š+
# middle
š+ !
average temperature
š+ * middle school (including high school)
&
š+ ()
Central Asia
A
# lower
A
# ť
+ Nizhny Novgorod (а city in Russia)
š
-
# uрреr
%)
š
- Lake Superior
+
# distant
$
# Far East
!š+
# last
!š+
# !)+ the last train
#
# extreme
#
# &š
the Far North
Other Adjectives
# blue
+A blue jeans
*
# extra
*
# 6
š extra ticket
+*
# home
+* )+
homework
442 # 14
@,ABBA9CA
14.1 Syntax
A. Weather conditions can be expressed using two different
constructions.
1. Adjective + noun constructions. In these, the adjective agrees
with the noun !+ (weather).
&+ -+
"/
. The weather is cold today.
6
-+
"/
. The weather was cold
yesterday.
H
6+ -+
"/
. The weather will be cold
tomorrow.
2. Impersonal constructions with (predicative) adverbs. These
constructions do not modify a noun. Notice also that the word
R is not used (compare the English it).
&+ -+ . It is cold today.
6² -+ . It was cold yesterday.
H
6+ -+ . It will be cold tomorrow.
Pay special attention to the stress shift that sometimes occurs from
adjectives to adverbs.
-+ |# cold -+ it is cold
@!|# warm ! it is warm
#"
1. Change the sentences from impersonal to adjective + noun
constructions and vice versa.
Model: &+ !. )/ "
"/
.
6 @! !+. ;%
!² " .
1. &+ -+ .
2.
6 @! !+.
3. H
6+ !.
4. H
6+ !
-+ .
5.
6² -+ .
6. &
6
)
# -+ !+.
7. L@
A
.
8.
6²
!.
9. 66 6 6 !+.
10. &+ .
! "/
? 443
B. Nouns are used to express windy and freezing conditions, as well as
thunderstorms.
#"
2. How would you say the following in Russian?
1. What’s the weather like today?
2. The weather is nice today.
3. The weather was awful yesterday.
444 # 14
4. It will be cold tomorrow.
5. Is it sunny today?
6. It was warm yesterday.
7. Is it windy today?
8. It is raining.
9. Does it often snow in Murmansk in winter?
10. What was the weather like in Moscow?
11. Does it often rain in Moscow?
12. Is it cold in Moscow in winter?
13. It rained all day ( + ) yesterday.
14. It will be sunny tomorrow.
15. The weather is often very cold in St. Petersburg.
#"
3. Rewrite each sentence twice using the comparative. Some forms are
regular and some irregular.
Model: + )
# -+ , G- !.
;
/ 8 , % 98
&.
; 98
&
/ " , %
.
1. G!
)
# ), .
2. )
# -+ , %+ !.
! "/
? 445
3. $
+ , )
#
.
4.
)
# @
+ ,
.
5.
L
#, & -I 6#.
6. D A
,
-+ .
#"
4. How would you say the following in Russian?
1. I’m fine.
2. I was cold yesterday.
3. Are they bored?
4. He is boring.
5. We had fun yesterday.
6. Professor Vodkin is an interesting person.
7. You will be cold in Moscow.
8. Are you hot?
9. Your brother will be bored here.
10. We felt bad yesterday.
446 # 14
11. Are you (pl.) cold?
12. Did you have a good time at the movies last night?
13. Were you bored at the party (
) on Saturday?
14. Do you feel bad?
15. It was very interesting for me at the museum.
#"
5. Supply the missing phrases.
14.5 If Clauses
In this lesson you will learn to express the dependence of one future
action on another. Note that the future tense is used in both parts of the
complex sentence.
! %
!
.
E
)
! -
* !+, *" 6# .
*" !A.
! "/
? 447
The choice between the imperfective or perfective future in either part of
the sentence depends on the context.
E
*"%
= + , ! %
@
)
.
If you read (and finish) this book today, I’ll read (be reading) it
tomorrow.
E
! %
, *" 6
6
.
If you’ll be reading a novel, I’ll go to the library.
#"
6. A. Say where the following people will go tomorrow under the
following weather conditions. Use either " or "8
as
appropriate.
14.6 Syntax:
versus
9
and
(so, such) can be used to emphasize a statement. 9
is
used with short adjectives and adverbs, whereas
is used with long
adjectives that modify a noun.
&+
-+ ! It is so cold today!
% !@
! She sings so beautifully!
%
! ! He is such a nice person!
&+
-
*
!+. The weather is so beautiful today!
448 # 14
To compare two parallel items, you use
() ...,
... (as . . . as).
E
)
6+
A
,
+ , !+ !A.
If it is as hot tomorrow as (it is) today, I will go to the beach.
E
66 6+
A
!+,
,
+ !#+.
If the weather is as hot on Saturday as it was yesterday, I will not go
anywhere.
In negative sentences, the particle is omitted.
E
)
6+
A
,
+ , !+ !A.
If it is not as hot tomorrow as it is today, I will go to the beach.
#"
7. A. Emphasize the statements with
or
.
1. % !
!+
".
2. E 6² -+ .
3. % !
+ !
.
4. ,
.
5. 6²
.
Acc.
#/ , /( -)
#"
8. Supply the correct endings.
?
7. ! !.
8. # +
&* A
@ A
+.
9. G6 + + ) !
.
10. L !+
5-
?
450 # 14
Vocabulary
Nouns !
+ nature
Weather !" bird
& ( [o "] sun
() wind
gen. sg.
grass
A humidity (² sg. ( flowers
)+- air
/
& degree Clothing
/
thunderstorm
A
pl. mittens
т. rain
jacket
climate
sleeveless T-shirt
frost "
indecl. overcoat
"/
weather "%
pl. gloves
!
) forecast !S raincoat
&/ snow &
"/ boots
"
temperature & sweater
I
#, Fahrenheit, O!
T-shirt
" ^
/ on the Fahrenheit
"
hat
scale
O scarf
#, Celsius,
" Цльсию on the Celsius shorts
scale
Other nouns
Nature "
zoo
6
@) birch " beach
tree
pl. дервья
pl. star Adjectives and Adverbs
land, ground & , & happy, fun-loving
moon &, & high, tall
! sky ² соmp. higher, taller
!
pl. !
cloud
,
hot
! "/
? 451
% соmp. hotter Verbs
, short !
| (I) to be frequently
% соmp. shorter
| (I) to put on (of clothes)
соmp. lower *
, low
,
,
ť!
%, !
% cloudy
"
& overcast
)
| (I) to talk, to chat
"
& wonderful &; is shining; was
past & shining
"8
, cool
"8
&
| (I) to take off (of clothes)
*& (I)
& , & light
&, &,
& , & strong &
&%, &% boring, dull
&
!, &
! weak Other
& %, sunny + adv. fairly, rather
& % & if
,
so, such & minus, below zero
, dark
adv. must
" , " warm
/ adv. by far, much
8 , 8 cold , zero
5
#, 5
bright " & plus, above zero
5
соmp. brighter ! almost
5 #, 5 clear
) I wonder (if )
+ in that case, then
452 # 14
# 15 (V
(
)
" ?
) "8
)
-V!/.
" ? 453
Making Travel Plans
L! 8
?
"
&
" /
/
& &
& &"%
&
(
" &
)
8 "8
454 # 15
D6
"&
? $, . The phrases
6W
/
(? $, + +
6/ /
( and
(
. /
( (abroad)
are formed with the
preposition
1. U& ! !E /...
А. Where would these people like to go if they had money? Select the
most appropriate activities.
S1: + 6 !- >),
6 @ 6W
+
?
S2: E
6 >) 6W
+
, 6 !- > + .
G 6 -+ )
.
%
7
A A !5A, )
&
#
+ WA-
& GŸ
"
!
(5 ( ) ) !
$
#
W6
( ) 6+ -
*
-
-
A
+!
(
-+ ! )
B. A ?
1. E
6 6W
+
, + 6 !-
? >,
)
#, ,
#?
2. L 6 +
?
456 # 15
*
+ /
8 !
, ), !5A,
"
!S+.
Сочи
◆
! #*
# F
◆ 330 A
#
◆ !S+ 3500 +
-
◆ 3
+
◆ !A# 118
◆ 230 !
"
◆ 50
◆ 500
◆ 5
-
◆ 240 - + # +
◆ 6
!
#
◆
+ !
)+- () 23o&
◆
+ !
# + () 26o&
◆ !A # ) – 6 " (# – 6
)
◆ "
)
◆ A -
25
B. E
6 !-
&
!, 6 +
?
◆ + +"
9A #
" «A
»
,
A6
,
,
#-6
, )
, 6
# !A, ! #
6#
# +#. 7
«A
»
*
-
- +
.
◆ 8
" «7
» – +
) !!
- &
. E@
A,
, !,
)
+
+
".
# )+- !
* )+
".
◆ 8
" «&
-
»
!A "
&
A
!
# !
# ) , !
- -+6
.
A+#
S ),
-6
,
)
,
, +
"
.
◆ 8
" «)»
!A "
+-
. C)
"
A
!
#
+
L@
! )
. !
9A
)+
" 150 , -
.
В. You and your friend finally decided to spend your vacation in Sochi.
You are now trying to select the most suitable hotel for you. Look at
the hotel descriptions аgаin and answer your friend’s questions.
1. &
" «A
»
?
2. & 9A# (floors) «A
»?
3. «A
»
?
4. «A
» -+
6
?
5. ,6D !
. «A
» 6# ?
6. «7
» – = -
*
"?
7. <
" «&
-
» !A?
458 # 15
C. You still have several questions about the hotels and Sochi in
general. Compile a list of questions you would ask a travel agent.
Start with the following and continue with your own ideas.
1. Which month would be the best for travel?
2. When is the Кинотáвр festival and where are they showing
films?
3. Are the hotel rooms usually air-conditioned?
D. Which hotel did you finally choose? Why? Compare your selections
with your classmates.
R /.
& F /.
!+
%
& 6
.
(
Y
5 + #.
#
? Y
& .
Y
& ? Y
!+.
&
@
@*
@
/
@
?
S2: $,
ð
+ )+. / , S@
.
S1: ( +
@?
S2: %
@
) + #.
&/
& &
>
7
A 2 + )+
&
# > +
) 4 +
( %+ 5 + # )+
B
) 6 + #
+ ,-M
" 6
5
460 # 15
6.
"? Use the chart below to have а discussion with а partner.
S2: &!6.
462 # 15
B. Examine the Sochi advertisement carefully and find out what
else you can do there other than lie on the beach. Also pay attention
to the tourist sights. Then modify the conversation in section A
accordingly.
Достопримечательности Сочи
Сад-музей «Дерево Дружбы»
У н и к а л ь н о е м е с т о , гд е р а с т ë т
единственное в мире дерево, крона
которого – это целый цитрусовый сад.
!!
.
L
? B A
+
.
A !.
A E +A .
%
/
%
!
"
&"
!
F
!
&
"
"
464 # 15
9.
?
А. L A ,
+@/+...
1.
3. F, )
#
2.
+ 4. L@
B. What do you think these people need to take with them to the
following places? Ask about several items.
S1: &
, A W !
?
S2: , !
A W.
1. &
# !+ C
5.
2. !+ > +
+ .
3. A !+ G
"
, "
D .
IMPORTANT VERBS
* *" *E *
E *
!E
) !A
, )
, )6+
)@* !A
*
* )
* )6+*
) !A
, )
, )6+
)/ !A
/
#/ )
#/ ( ) )6+/
2. 3.
4.
1.
7.
6.
5. __ % !A +
6
.
__ 7
W +
!A
10. Y
! & "
&"!! + +A+,
, 6
, )6 ,
Arrange the lines in the S@
!.
correct order. __ 7 !- 9
!
.
__ + ) +
) *.
__ ( )6W +?
__ % !A +
.
__ 7 )
W + .
" ? 465
11. 9
? You and your friend are getting ready to go
to the beach for the weekend and you are deciding on the items to take
with you. For some items, one may be enough.
V
V
(trains) offer an intriguing way to see in Moscow go to Kiev in Ukraine and other
Russian life from the inside. While traveling, southern destinations.
you eat and sleep on the train, cramped in small
compartments with your fellow travelers. Each
car has a !
+ or !
+ " (conductor,
attendant) who serves you tea from a samovar
and snacks for a small fee. You can eat in the
restaurant car or you can buy food from farmers
who sell their produce at train stations.
Railway stations are often named after the
main destination or direction of the outgoing
traffic. Thus, trains from the
# )
466 # 15
Y
!)+.
Y
% +? Y
* .
Y
.
*
&
. &
# +
".
G +
!&.
#6
@ +?
#
• #
+
!
# !!5
# &'(? > is a multidirectional
• @ A )+
,
!&
? verb. Cf., -+ and
• +
!
*
+? G
? )+
.
"-
- E
"- E
T! "
!
T & !
12. B
. Itinerary.
А. A group of American students visited Russia in the spring. Discuss
their itinerary.
S1: + (
) -
) ,-
M
?
S2: % -
) ,-M
! +
, +"
, +"
.
S1: + !
-
& -7
6
?
S2: % !
-
& -7
6
,
+"...
S1: + -
)...
468 # 15
%&
! . 17.5 17.40 ,-M
JFK,
# (<6
. 18.5 15.50 &-7
6
!. 21.5 22.20 &-7
6
, !)+ ¹ 237
6. 22.5 06.02
. 9.6 20.45 ,
# ( 334
21.45 > +
. 10.6 10.35 > + ,
# ( 054
13.25 ,-M
C. ' "
&
. One student missed the group flight
and had to travel directly to Moscow on a different flight. Get
together in small groups to devise a story about Olya,s adventure.
Why did she miss the flight? How was the flight? What did she do
in Moscow while waiting for the group? Then share your stories
with the class.
'
&
;
/ – B&
"
«AdO ».
'
? (
.
13. ;
/ "8
?
A. You decided to stop in St. Petersburg for a few days on your way to
Moscow. You had made arrangements to stay at a student hostel in
the center of the city.
G: $6
# + . $A
B#
) &'(.
(+
: H+
#. &# !
D... $...
B#
... + # !
-
?
G: ! + #.
(+
:
!
-
!!
) '"
,
6+ + ! .
G: &+ ! ? +, 5
6+ + .
(+
: > +
".
* ,.
45, @
9A.
G: K
*. &!6. ( +
?
(+
: < . >
" , !
.
;
:
G: H+
#! V 45?
C : $. 5 ) C .
G: % !
5 . ( 5 $A
. %+ ?
C :
) '"
. (
) (
?
G: ,
) &'(. C)
.
C : G + !
-?
G: G ! + #. ( + 6+* )+?
C : 6+ & -7
6
+ +
,
! !+
+. (-, !) .
V M- .
G: $A
.
M- : O !
5 .
470 # 15
B. Continue the conversation with Johanna. Find out where she is
from and how long she is going to be in St. Petersburg.
C. Some students are staying in St. Petersburg for the whole summer
and their names are listed on the doors. Assume the role of Johanna
and explain to Jessica where the students are from. Also give some
other details about them. ((
, 8
, C
, 7*,
I
"
, !
)
14. Y
d
?
A. You have been told that your hotel has a dry cleaner’s, a
hairdresser’s, and currency exchange. Look at the sign and find out
on which floors they are located. What other amenities does the
hotel have?
B. Practice asking and answering questions about the location of
various services.
S1: 9A -+
+! ?
S2: !5 9A.
W
+ .
(+
:
... $, )) ... C) &'(...
-
+-?
: , + .
(+
: < , A
,, + - . A
))
+- #
.
: $, ) ,, # +
!
+2
2changed his mind
!-.
(+
: G. - ) +- #? V 6+
!+
A.
: , + . $# +- # +.
(+
: H!
3 = 6 . C A + 3fill out
# !!
.
: 7A#.
(+
: * ,.
378,
9A.
>
, !
.
: &!6. (-, ! )6W. 8+ A
) !
4 * ? 4взять напрокат: rent
(+
: 6,
6A
, !
9A.
: B* !6.
472 # 15
16. ; /&( «A
». You are checking in at your hotel.
(Your room is already reserved.) Your teacher plays the role of the
+
. How would you . . .
1. offer а polite greeting
2. give your first and last name
3. say that you are from the United States
4. hand in your passport politely
5. ask on what floor your room is
6. ask if there are restaurants in the hotel
7. ask where you can buy ballet tickets
8. find out where the closest metro station is
9. ask if your room has а telephone and а TV
10. ask how you can make local calls from your room
IMPORTANT COMMANDS
" %/ be quiet "/ ( , )+) turn (left, back)
%/, E %/ turn on, off &
&, &
& stop
&
/ stand up &, & don’t worry
&
&, &
& sit down !&, !& don’t be afraid
"/ wait
15.7 Imperative
18. ;
&.
A. You need to run some errands in Moscow. Your taxi driver does not
seem to know the city too well. Give the driver directions as follows.
1. Turn left.
2. Stop here.
3. Wait here. I will be back in five minutes.
4. Turn back. I forgot my passport.
B. Your classmate assumes the role of the driver. Give him or her
directions of your choice.
474 # 15
Chapter Review
А. Yоu should now be able to . . .
1. say what kind of vacation activities you prefer, like, and dislike
2. describe what you would do and where u would go if you had
money
3. give the dates of your travel using the following: in how many days/ For self-tests and additional practice,
please go to the Book Companion
weeks/months/years; beginning/middle/end of month Site, available at www.wiley.com/
college/nummikoski
4. say for how long you are going and when you will return from your
For access to the videos, please go to
destination the Wiley Resource Kit, available at
www.wiley.com/college/wrk
5. list what u need to pack in your suitcase and direct other people
in packing
6. state your mode of transportation
7. say that you left place, arrived at place, and set off to go to
destination using appropriate verbs of motion and time expressions
8. check in at a student hostel and at a hotel
9. complain about some travel-related problems
10. make several commands and warnings regarding traffic in a city
В. Roleplay I. The teacher gives а ticket to each student. The tickets display
а destination and dates of’ travel. Find out from all уоuг classmates where
they are going and try to find the one who is going to stay in the same city
at the same time as you. Arrange to meet each other somewhere and to do
something together.
C. Roleplay II. You have won а prize of $10,000 and уоu want to use it on а
trip abroad for two. Pick your traveling partner and discuss all the details of
your trip, such as where to go, when, for how long, what to take with you, and
what уоu will do there. After the trip: Talk to other students in the class and
compare your vacations, including the weather.
;/ !
The Winning Ticket
C $
,
+
#, ! A
+
).
– 7
,
6
"
A#1? – ) A , 6
1the lottery results
.
– $, . #
?
– &
9499, 6
26.
– G-... 7
-... 9499
26. *, 9499 ! – ) .
– 9499? – !
.
– $, +... &
@) !
– (
6
?
– (-, +! ES@
6
. 7#2. @-
3
*#
– *
, – ) C $
. –
* 75 000. V
+
, !
! 7*#,
+5
? 5in fact
+ 9 A
) ! B
#,
6 6
, ,
, !
6 ) 25
,6 10 !*
... 6estate
476 # 15
– , ) *, *, )
" !- 6, – ) .
C + , -
* 6 !- 6# , )
", +-
6+ A , I
"
,, C
,... C +
,.
– A 6 )
" !-, – ) A . – , !
6
!
– 7#. 7+
! ...
% -+
!
!
+A +: !* !
+ . (
+ A !+ )
"? % 6+
A,7 @
)6 ,8 * + ... 7complain / 8head hurt
H # )
" -? L !
?
C !
#
) A
)
6
9 , A 9paid attention
!
, !
!-10 - #, S@ +, )+
, - A
10smelled of
#
).
C A 6#,11
,12
A . % A 11smile / 12hatred
!
A
,. < @ 6
,13
13dreams
! ;
!
, @ @ A.
A ) @
,
" )
):
– &
9499, 6
46! 26!
C $
A ),14
- , 14began to feel
)
,
+
...
7 (. L-
Answer the questions in English.
1. At what time did the conversation 7. What would the husband do with the
take place? money?
2. What were the husband and wife 8. Where would he travel?
doing? 9. What time of year would he travel?
3. What was the series number and 10. Why did the husband prefer traveling
ticket number on their lottery ticket? alone?
4. Which number did the husband look 11. How did he rate himself compared
up first? with his wife?
5. How much was the jackpot? 12. Did they actually win?
6. Who bought the ticket? 13. How did the news affect their mood?
- - fly
, to fly
@ from (self ) and @: “self-flyer,” i.e., аirрlаnе
@
the “one who flies,” i.e., pilot
!@ flight
@ from
(to turn) and @: “turn-flier,” i.e., helicopter.
Note: the corresponding English word comes from the Greek words heliko
(spiral) and pteron (wing).
* “flying mouse,” i.e., bat
478 # 15
@,ABBA9CA
15.1 Conditional Mood
You have already learned to use the conditional mood to express a wish
or suggestion.
8 ! !
.
I would like to invite you to a restaurant.
L " ! ! ?
What would you suggest that I buy my mother?
The main use of the conditional mood is to denote an action that may
take place under a certain condition, either implied or expressed.
A. Main clause. The conditional is formed with the particle ! and the
past tense of the verb. Note, however, that the past-tense form does
not imply a past activity, it implies a condition. The particle ! can
either precede or follow the verb.
C
!*@ !
íť. Igor would go to the movies.
> !
! +. Lena would buy a dacha.
! A !5A. We would lie on the beach.
B. If clause. The same construction with the particle ! is used in the if
clause. The particle ! immediately follows & .
U& ! )
& 6ť*, ! ) 6ť*.
If you studied more, you would know more.
U& ! 6 ťA, ! -+ !-ť+.
If I were younger, I would go hiking.
Many if clauses require the construction if (I) had. Pay attention to the
agreement between the subject and the verb.
E
6 5 6 &,... If I had a son, . . .
E
6 5 6
%,... If I had a daughter, . . .
E
6 5 6W ,... If I had time, . . .
E
6 5 6W /,... If I had money, . . .
#"
1. Translate the following into Russian. The key vocabulary is given in
parentheses.
1. If I had money, I would go to Canada. (!-/ +)
2. If I had a dog, I would go for a walk. (!#/5)
3. What would you do if you had money?
.
D !-
")
. ...
4. <
. !#+@ +
ž . ...
5. < *
+ e. % !
íž# )
. ...
6. < 5 * . !+ )
+. ...
7. < + . !+ )
". ...
8. A
@
-. )
!
). ...
9. &ť+ !- !ť+. !+ !A. ...
10. + ť
-ť+ . !. ... (past tense
of : /)
480 # 15
2. To denote part of a whole or of a substance.
ť /ť +ť
the windows of my house
6W
a bottle of milk
3. As a partitive. The English language adds the words some or any.
$# -6
! Give me some bread!
!
? Did you buy any milk?
4. To express nonexistence, or absence, with , ! , or
!.
7
8 A
?
Why don’t you have foreign journals?
< 5
+ ! + /
,
,
+ !.
I have never had money, and probably never will.
Ý8 +* !
ť
.
These girls were not in class yesterday.
Masc.
Fem.
Neuter
482 # 15
SIMPLIFIED RULE FOR THE
GENITIVE PLURAL
OF NOUNS
-consonant -/
-# -
- -
-, S, *, A -
-o/e drop
Note 2: Some nouns drop the vowel -e or -o before all oblique case
endings (not only the genitive).
" + "ť father
+ + # + e day
+ť +
+ť small city
1. Insert the vowel -o- if one of the consonants is а and the other a
consonant other than , %, , F, , or .
- purse, bag
*"- *! hat
6- 6) blouse
Neuter ť
5
sea
+
+
+
tree
Note: The word L (people) has two genitive plural forms. The form
% is used with all numerals 5 and above and with the word
()&ť . The form is used with the words ť/ and
.
+
ť
íž
484 # 15
#"
3. Write the words in parentheses in the genitive plural form and
underline the main word that calls for the use of the genitive case.
1. *# *ť 6ť* (
"),
().
2. &ť (+ ) =
?
3.
"- W ť+ 6ť* (* )
* (ť6).
4. 7
ť 6 (+ )?
5. & -7
6
ť íž (
, )#
).
6.
-
+- 6W (
#).
7. I
5 +
– =
W
(ť)
).
8. &ť (") 6W
?
9. 6) (+
).
10. < %
ť ť (+
).
E. Genitive plural of adjectives and possessive
and demonstrative pronouns.
Examine the following sentences.
6) 8 +
)#. I am bored without mу friends.
< *8
+#
ť*
. Our parents have three cats.
< =8 íž8 + S@ These new students don’t have
6
. textbooks yet.
R8/8
486 # 15
After the numerals 5 and up the nouns and adjectives are in the genitive
plural.
! (*, ...) íž8 A
/"&
! (*, ...) 8 &!
Remember that the rules above include all numbers that end in 1
(21, etc.) and 2, 3, 4 (22, etc.) when pronounced.
21 (++" + ) íž
but: 11 (+ +") íž8
*ť
*
23 (++"
) 13 (
+") 8
6 6
Adjectives Nouns
#"
5. Supply the words in parentheses in the correct form.
5 ( #
).
3. < $Ať 3 (
* ), 4 (íž#
)
)
2 (+
ť# !D
).
4. = ť
+ 7 (6*ť# !
), 3 (íž#
+
ž ), 2 (
# )#)
4 (-
ť*
6
6
).
5. F * >
6W 9 (ť*)
4
(6), !
@ ť 2 ( ť*)
1 (
6).
In the plural, both masculine and feminine animate objects have forms
identical to the genitive plural.
animate
D6
=8 . (acc. identical to gen. pl.)
,6D &!
, ť
a.
#"
6. Translate into Russian. Some vocabulary help is given in parentheses.
1. Do you like dogs?
2. Not much. I prefer horses. (6ť* ,6/ť*+)
3. Do you know my parents?
4. Did you invite my friends and neighbors? (!
)
5. Do you like to receive visitors? (!
/)
6. I do not know these women. (A S
)
7. Olga says that she does not understand men. (A )
8. I did not invite these people.
9. I do not like very small children.
10. Did you already meet these new Russian (female) students?
(
)
488 # 15
15.4 Time Expressions: чšрез and a
The preposition % + accusative refers to the time in the future when
something will be done. When numerals other than 1 are required, the
noun that follows is in the genitive singular or plural.
!+ %+ % + / " / +. (асс.)
I am going to Odessa in a week / month / year.
!+ &ť
% 3 + / "
/ ť+
. (gen. sg.)
!+ 7
A % 5 + / " / . (gen. pl.)
The time expression
+ accusative answers the question For how
long? Whereas the expression with % refers to the future only,
+
accusative can refer to both future and past. Numerals other than 1 follow
the same rule as with the preposition %.
!+ %+
+. I am going to Odessa for a week.
> )+
Last summer I went to the Crimea
4 +. for 4 weeks.
490 # 15
-
7
A
We left Paris at the end of November.
" 6
5.
% -
6
. Olga went away to Novosibirsk.
С. "- indicates to arrive. You can arrive to ( + acc.) or from ( +
gen.) a place. The corresponding question words are
(where to)
and
(where from).
!
-
? % "-
.
Where did the tourists arrive? They arrived in Moscow.
'
!
-
? "-
E.
Where did you come from? We arrived from Moscow.
"* +ť# ť.
Mom came home at eight.
#"
8. Translate the sentences into Russian.
A. Use "8
, 8
, or "8
.
1. Where did you come from?
2. I came for two weeks.
3. Sasha is going to Canada at the end of May.
4. My brother went to Italy for a week.
5. My friends left two months ago.
6. When are you coming to see me? (When will you come to
me? )
7. I’ll come in two months.
8. Sasha left yesterday.
9. Why did he leave?
10. I’m going to Moscow in six months.
15.7 Imperative
To make a request or a command you use the imperative form of the verb.
In English, the imperative does not differ from the present-tense form.
present tense imperative
I read a lot of books. Read a book!
I go to school. Go to school!
You have already learned a few imperative forms: \
&/!
C/! "/! T
/! and so on. The imperative is formed
from the third-person plural by replacing the ending with , , or .
А. Add - when the stem ends in a vowel. Reattach the particle -&/&
to reflexive verbs.
third-person pl. informal formal and plural
|,
*
|, * *
ť|,
ť
ť
)
|, )
& )
& (-& after a vowel)
В. Add - when the stem ends in a consonant. Reattach the particle -&/
& to reflexive verbs.
third-person pl. informal formal and plural
ť|
)| ) )
| A A
"| ! !
|
+
+
|5 +& +&
C. Add - when the stem ends in a consonant and when the first-person
singular is not stressed on the ending. There are relatively few verbs
in this category.
third-person pl. informal formal and plural
)6+| ( )6+) )6+ )6+
492 # 15
Note: The same rules regarding the use of cases that apply to other verb
forms apply to imperatives as well.
7A . Show me the book.
dat. acc.
7A
6* + . Put the shirt in the suitcase.
acc. acc.
#"
9. Supply the verbs in parentheses in the imperative form. Use the
informal address, unless a formal form is indicated by the use of the
name and patronymic.
1. ( , (
)!
2. C , (*)!
3. C , (
) + ,
!A#!
4. C
( +
, (!) 6
, !A#!
5. > , ()
W) +
!
6. &*, ()) # !!
!
7. ť A
. (
W) íž!
8. (!A) =
+A + !
9. ( !
) !
10. (!) ) )
!
Vocabulary
494 # 15
Other nouns !5A # beach
!
) mountain climbing
various
!/ (
!/) coast +,S
# next
ť)+- air
+
# middle, central
, f.
fool # happy
) 5
activity & !! Have a nice trip!
()" foreigner
Adverbs
pocket
, key !E& fast
faucet
ť,
ť loudly, louder
ť
resort slowly
! lightbulb
ago
" staircase &ť carefully
O elevator
where from
+5 blanket 8, quietly, quieter
! tent
(to) there
!+* pillow
Prepositions
! " towel
!-ť+ hiking + gen. from
&
( &
) garden % + асс. in (in time
expressions)
)
rock-climbing
+ асс. for (a period
ť
cost, price of time)
* ( *) closet
d
floor, level, story Verbs
6|5 (II) to be afraid
Adjectives
6D, 6*,
# active 65
5
# hot (about liquids) * (I) to take
+
# far ,
+- # double (room) ,
# cultural
)
S| (I) to return
,
, needed
*& (I)
, E
&,
+ # single (room) &,
+ # separate &
! # passive
496 # 15
# 16 (Z&
(
)
@ ! !
?
,&&
8
• O is а beverage of fermented cow’s milk, • А "/ is а filled pie. Fillings can include
sold either plain or with various fruit flavors. meat, potatoes, or cabbage. Dessert pies are
• )
is sour cream—an essential filled with fruit or berries. А " is a
ingredient and a garnish of many Russian small pie or pastry.
foods, including borscht soup and beef • ;
is а flat sweet bread with а filling
Stroganoff. of
.
• 9/ is а kind of cottage cheese used • $
is white bread. The word !
often in dessert pies. refers to the shape (French bread). $ %
!
&
!
"( !
%
/
8 !
!
/ !
%& "&
! %
&
" "
""
"/
%" "(
/%(
& &
8
&
498 # 16
Review the following vocabulary from previous lessons:
"
!
W6 56
(sg. 56)
! 6
A 6
/
*
+
5#" (sg. #") !
+
"W
6W
• !
+ !
" + )+
?
!
+ !) ?
• L A ,
+
? ( ?
• ( A ,
"/
?
• D6
5? E
+, 5 D6
6*:
5+
?
• + &
S
A+# + ? ?
• D6
5+? ?
•
?
@
?
• +
6W?
1. C/.
А. Igor works at the «&-
» pizza parlor. Below is his favorite
pizza. How does it differ from your favorite?
#11 '"
-"
,
"
,
, !
+
,
6, , ,
# !
"
2. CL. Interview а classmate about his or her attitude toward the
items listed. Report the results to the class.
@ ! !
? 499
3. ,(".
А. You decided to try out some Russian recipes. Find out what
ingredients you need for the Stroganoff meat dish. What do you
think the abbreviation &. . stands for? See which items this
measure is used for in these recipes. Another measure of the same
type is %. . What do you think it means?
flour
500
1
2
250
2 .
.
4 .
.
2 .
.
: http://www.gastronom.ru
B. This is a recipe for the Russian salad called /. Translate the
list of ingredients into English. How might this salad look?
@ beet
+ f. herring
vinegar
2
2
2
3
150
2 .
.
2
2 .
.
2 .
.
2 .
.
2 .
.
2 .
.
: http://www.gastronom.ru
500 # 16
Table Manners and Setting the Table
" ?
Many Russian families eat а leisurely four- Drinking is а serious and indispensable part
course sit-down meal together every day. The of social life. Some Russians may be offended if
table is usually set in advance, and the food their visitors do not drink with them.
is brought to the table in serving or cooking Some cultural hints for the visitor: Do not
dishes. Rather than the members of the family bring an even number of flowers, do not shake
helping themselves, the person responsible hands over the threshold (both are bad luck),
for cooking places (" ) the food оn and take off your coat, hat, and shoes when уоu
everybody’s plates. come in. You may be offered slippers when you
enter a Russian home. Russians generally take
off their street shoes and put on slippers when
; /&8 they enter their home.
Entertaining at home is casual and spontaneous. A
A?
Friends and neighbors often drop in uninvited. How do the customs explained here differ from
If visitors happen to arrive at dinnertime, U.S. customs? Use the questions provided as а
they are expected to join the family for the starting point for your discussion.
meal. Foreign visitors are treated with special 1. 8+ )
/6+/A
?
hospitality. The hosts eagerly place food on -
#? H ? BW
their visitors’ plates and do not easily take “no”
+ ? E
6W
, !?
for an answer. They encourage the guests with
2.
)
, +
Ешьте! Ешьте! or
! (Eat, please!),
)
/6+/A
?
and insist on giving second helpings the minute
the plate is empty. 3. + !
-+
,
+ )
?
!
@ ! !
? 501
L
!
%
! L( &
A shot glass (usually
&
O
for vodka) without
a stem is called a
&"
.
&
(f.)
S
&
$&
5. %/ "L?
А. What do Russians drink coffee from? Look at the list provided and
answer the questions.
Model: C)
!, ?
!,
) *
.
% %/
*
# , *
, , +
+
D, !
6
!
A,
502 # 16
В. ( (
?
1. C)
" !, :
) *
A
?
2. (
5
# (hot) #? C) *
,
A
?
3. K+ # #?
4. 7?
5. 7!
-?
( A ? >A.
16.1 Instrumental Case: (A) Introduction; (B) Without Prepositions; (C) Nouns
? L
.
B
& "(( ,
9
–
.
@ ! !
? 503
V
/&
Find the recommended etiquette for eating various appetizers, soups, main dishes, salads, and
desserts. In each bullet point, underline food items and the key information, with special attention
to the instrumental case.
Also find out how to position the fork and knife on the plate at the end of the meal.
)Ÿ appetizer
) to cut +
Aŧ to hold
• Холодные закуски обычно едят прибором, предназначенным для десерта. Если подан-
ное блюдо не нужно резать (паштеты, суфле, яйца вкрутую и т.д.), достаточно одной
лишь вилки, которую держат в правой руке.
• Некоторые виды супов, бульоны и фруктовые холодные супы, которые подают в чашке,
едят десертной ложкой.
• Мясо едят ножом и вилкой. Нож держат в правой руке, вилку в левой. Некоторые блюда,
которые можно не резать, например, омлет, блины, едят только вилкой. Её держат в
правой руке и помогают при еде кусочком хлеба, который держат в левой руке. Зелё-
ный салат ножом и вилкой разделяют на небольшие порции и вилкой кладут в рот.
• Торты, пирожные и другие кондитерские изделия едят вилочкой для пирожных. Пу-
динги, кремы и желе едят кофейной ложечкой.
• Твёрдые сорта сыра режут ножом и едят десертной вилкой. Мягкие сыры намазывают
ножом на хлеб с маслом. Бутерброды (большие, многослойные, горячие) едят ножом и
вилкой.
• Десерты, поданные в бокалах, едят маленькой вилочкой или ложечкой.
• Фрукты с мелкими косточками едят руками. Садовые и лесные ягоды едят ложечкой.
• Закончив еду, нож и вилку кладут на тарелку рядом друг с другом параллельно в знак
того, что вы уже больше есть не будете.
#" *
&u "&n"&*"
*9 «%» №7
504 # 16
7. % ? What utensils would you use to eat the foods listed?
Define the size of the spoon when appropriate. Also mention any
possible cultural differences, if applicable. You may also need the word
!
(chopsticks).
L + 5?
#
6+ ? ( A?
1. !
2. 6
6
+
3.
W6
4.
#
6D+
5. !
6. !
7.
"
8.
A
9. !
A
!E% R &
? Y
10. 6
"
%
?
11. *
12. #ž
13. !""y
14.
8. CL. Interview а classmate. Find out how he or she prefers to eat
and drink the items in activities 5 and 7.
1. C) !@*...?
2. #
# ...?
3. L *...?
@ ! !
? 505
Deciding Where to Eat and Drink
@ ! !
?
There are numerous kiosks (
@, pl.
) meat pies from various ethnic cuisines, such as
everywhere, especially around metro stations %! (Crimea) and &
&
(Uzbek, Tajik).
and bus stops, which sell various drinks and If you prefer a sit-down meal, there are a number
snacks. You can buy soft drinks (
-
, of specialized establishments: a !
O
, etc.), carbonated and non-carbonated sells Russian pancakes called ! E, and a
water (//
), and beer.
E%
sells
(shish kebabs).
The snacks may include " (& &, Among the most popular restaurants are
&,
"&, etc.), &&& &, and those serving Georgian and Uzbek cuisines.
! – !
A #
) V
6
*, A
# .
W
)
&
–
@- # !
A # !#
) 6
*
.
6
6 #
#
506 # 16
B& "
L?
)
and
! %
(bakery) are
commonly used nouns
in an adjective form.
Numerous others are
formed in the same
way: !
, "
,
²%
, etc. Many
newer establishments
have more creative
names, often of foreign
& "
L? origin.
9.
"?
1. L !
+D 6 #?
2. +, + !
+D !
A
A ?
3.
A **?
4. F
+ 6+,
# #.
( ?
5. & *
-?
6. &
) +,
" 6+
A
-?
7. , - , 6* D6
:
5 ,,
#,
,?
8. *
+
#
?
9.
- ?
@ ! !
? 507
?
S1:
! "# $ %$?
S2: &
! $ %$ .
1. "# $ $ %$
2. '$ $ $#
$ + $ $ 5
3.
$ #
4.
$ $-1 0$ 1acquaintance
- 73
(- 7)
?
- 7 %- (- 7 %-)
.
! $8. - 73
?
$
Note:
? Lena and I =
Igor and I =
%&
508 16
11. &
А. Practice conversations according to the model: you suggest an
expensive рlасе to eat, your friend would rather go to а cheaper place.
S1: : 3 73 . 0$
! !
S2: * $ ?
S1: 4 %- «;$»?
S2: $
. < =
. 0$ 3
!
3+ +.
S1: ',
. 0$ .
B.
. You and your roommate are going out for an evening
snack. Call a friend to join you. Also agree on the time and where to
meet. Review the following expressions:
* ? At what time?
*#:
$ # to meet: let’s meet
0! Agreed!
0 3$
! See you tonight then!
Making Reservations
– 0 $?
– 0$, %
. *, 4 $.
'
$! $*? 509
. , , "
* ? 3 . and are collec-
* "? ". tive numbers. In this
. lesson, they are used
to answer the question
* ? (How
45 , 4 $. many people are in
your group?)
N3
&"
2$: 0%- 3! < $ $ $ $ 8$+ ; .
'$ 3,
! F!
3.
: "7
, 4 $.
510 16
;8 2 4$+,
< $ $
. '
2*
? 15.
В. You and your Russian friend are hosting а semiformal dinner party
for 10 реорlе. Decide whom to invite and what the seating order
should be and why. Sketch the seating order on paper.
Model: 0$ $ # ...
: %
. %
=
,
3 3 #...
'
$! $*? 511
Ordering Food
<$ «;
»
Unlike the sandwich
pictured here, typical
Russian sandwiches
are open-faced: they
do not have another
piece of bread on
top to hold together
" %%
? a tower of toppings.
Traditionally, the
toppings consist of a
14. <$ "? few items only: cheese,
А. Each of the people listed ordered а sandwich, pastry, and tea. salami, or ham, in
Discuss with а partner who ordered what. Also select your own addition to butter.
order.
S1: J $$ *
#?
S2: & $$ %%
G, 3$
7$, % $.
512 16
В. Answer the questions.
1. 3 - ! 3$ 8?
2. 2$ 8 $ %
#: $ % ?
3. C
+ 3$ !
$. *$
# $ 3$?
4. *- B% 7
- 3$? 3?
5. 3 + 3$ ?
15. = $
. Order yourself а snack and а drink from the menu, using
the dialogue as а model.
«Tepeм»
Блины и салаты Напитки is a
блин квас «Терем» fermented
с ветчиной и сыром чай чёрный/зелёный beverage made
с грибами кофе from rye bread.
с красной икрой сок апельсиновый
с клубничным вареньем пиво «Клинское»
и сливками минеральная вода
салат
с крабовыми палочками и свежими Десерты
овощами мороженое
винегрет с солёными грибами с лесной ягодой
с бананом и шоколадом
'
$! $*? 513
16. >
5 ,?
А. Here are some suggestions for а hеartу Russian breakfast. Which
would you choose?
1. %%
3, G; 8 3;
=%
2. #35$ %$; 3$ %3
4; 8-
$
3. 3$#l
$ ; 3$ !
; =%3- 1buckwheat
4. =$#2
$ ; 7$; 2oats
8-
В. How do the suggestions in А differ from the breakfast you usually eat?
7# (pl.) cereal (- corn; =- oat)
%% bagel 3 doughnut
@9
! $A
The taste in Russian foods is based more on the • &
$ is a cold soup made with fresh
natural flavor of the ingredients than on added cucumbers in $ and garnished with green
spices. The most typical condiments include onions and $.
salt, pepper, and the herbs (dill) and
=+ $A Main dishes
$ (parsley). Garlic is also widely used.
• " are dumplings with meat, a
B! Appetizers Russian version of ravioli.
• 2%=$ is an oblong pie stuffed with meat • ;8$ is a dish with cubed meat
or fish and rice. The top of the pie is usually simmered in $.
braided or decorated with pieces of pastry. • 2- - (chicken Kiev) are
+ (4
$A) butter-filled chicken breasts.
• ;F is probably the most famous Russian • P%5G are cabbage rolls stuffed with meat
soup. The main ingredients are red beets or vegetables and rice.
and fresh cabbage. It is also served with • Q$
G -$ is a Georgian
$. shish kebab with marinated meat
• N is soup made with fresh cabbage or (often lamb).
sauerkraut. It is often served with $. • &$ (sturgeon), /!$ (salmon),
• C $ is a s oup w it h pick le d and 8 (trout) are typical seafood.
cucumbers. It can be made with meat,
514 16
#%" &
/
%% -
-
#
" !
Note that
(- %B
$)
!
refers to soups,
" not appetizers.
You will often
hear the question
" %
? (Do you
'" -, (
want soup?)
!
/ "
%
) /
"
#
, #
"$ -
17. >
,,*? Using the menu above, select а full meal and а
drink for your 16-уеаr-оld cousin who . . .
'
$! $*? 515
Addressing the waiter ! /
"! (&85 /$!)
Asking for items 4 , 4 $, B / $8 / ... F!
$ / F!
! %G $.
Asking for J - !? / 2$ $ D
recommendations %B
$?
Ordering food , 2
, 3!# , ($ ) =,
($ ) ($
) 4.
=
Traditionally, only one menu was brought to a separate menu for each customer, but one
the table and the “host” of the party ordered for check per table is still the norm. Tips, "²
everyone. Nowadays most restaurants do bring (colloq. "
), usually 5–10%, are optional.
516 16
18. = .
А. Read the dialogue and answer the questions below.
&: 0
$, 4 $? “ ”
&85 $: 0$? . ! 3-" #
$%"
- .8
&: @ 3!. : $$
$
G
*
: 149
$ , $ %3 %F. $ 4 + # 149 0 # 11 2 1
%-. ;- $. 22-05-2010 *
$ 18:09 7
$ 18:35
22-05-2010
&85 $: &, . : $$. * $
3!.
$ 282 %=. <
: (
=
*#
: 0
>%
... &, -
-
?@ <- 0
3.
&: * 300. ?
A' 1 115.00
?
A' 1 130.00
0
$ >
0,3 1 50.00
1. J $$ &?
?
2. ? C: 295.00
D
!: 0.00
3. &
$ 85 300 %.
E
: 295.00
3
3?
4. 2$ -
$,
$ & 85 $
3$? - %-
? "3?
C: 282.00
D
!: 0.00
E
: 282.00
.
'
$! $*? 517
Toasting is serious in Russia, more like a short Russians always eat ( , )
speech than a simple “cheers.” Depending on the while drinking. After a toast, they take a bite of
eloquence of the speaker, the toast can last from bread, a pickle, or whatever else is available.
one to ten minutes (and most Russians are born
orators). The speech itself is usually very poetic 0
, %
!
and emotional. During the toast, the speaker is
often standing. The guests are holding up their
glasses in the expectation of the final sentence,
after which they all take a sip from their glasses.
In some instances, everyone is expected to drink
(literally: to the bottom), especially if
toasting with vodka. The hosts normally propose
the first toast, followed by each member of the
party in the order of his or her importance. 1$
.
/
!
!
(/
)
!
!
!
!
!
19. . Read the two toasts and answer the questions.
2. +
$ '
-". ! 0
, %
!
518 16
!"#!
*: , ' 2,
'?
3-4: 5,
'. 6 % "
?
*: 7$... 6 ? 1 a ?
3-4: , a .
*: 6 % $?
3-4: 3"
-. 3 $9.
*: ;, "
,
«*"%» –
4
4
"%
-.
3-4: + $ ?
*: &", %
$ ?
&": &, $.
*: # ' $.
3-4: < $?
*: , «&
».
3-4: «&
» 9 . = '. ;"?
*: ;.
4 '.
3-4: < % $
?
*: > 200 .
3-4: B C?
*: ,
".
#"$Q
*: +
"!
&": *
"... 7--!!! 3 $!
*: , . &,
!
&": 0 !
7 $Q
*: ,
",
', DC 100 .
F C,
'.
3-4: ;. *!
$ .
1. G % $,
" : * &"
" &" *9?
2. 6 "
$?
3. 6 "
?
Chapter Review
А. Yоu should now be able to . . .
1. list, categorize, and express your opinion about the ingredients
of various foods
2. explain what utensils are used for eating different foods
3. say that you are hungry or thirsty For self-tests and additional practice,
please go to the Book Companion
4. suggest а place to eat and make invitations Site, available at www.wiley.com/
college/nummikoski
5. say with whom you go to а place or do something For access to the videos, please go
to the Wiley Resource Kit, available
6. reserve а table at a restaurant and get in with your access code at
www.wiley.com/college/wrk
7. arrange а seating order for а dinner
8. order а complete mеаl including drinks for yourself and а whole
group
9. ask for items to be passed at the table
10. complain about your order
11. comment on food quality
12. propose a toast
B. Roleplay. Form groups of three or four students. Each group will be celebrating
аn occasion оf its choice. The members agree in advance on what day and at
what time to celebrate. Оnе student calls а restaurant and reserves а table for the
group and then calls everybody to give details.
Dау of the event: Мееt outside the restaurant, say that you have a reservation
(оnе student is late), and go in.
At the restaurant: Ask for the menu, find out what they have, ask for
recommendations; order complete meals; wish each other bon appétit and
comment on the food; propose а toast; order some more food or drink; ask
items to be passed; ask for the check.
520 16
Extra
"#
"
This is а story about а man who wants to live to be а hundred years old.
He intends to follow every diet plan that he reads about in various journal
articles. Find out what happens to him. Note: You do not have to understand
each word in order to follow the story. Just keep reading.
5
' «>$
%»l
$ lhealthy
2 «».
+
9, 9
'$. # C 2
. < –
2 9
9,3
$ C ž 2dangerous / 3health
9'C% D. < 9'C% D, $
4.4 F 9 " . 4heart
– 6 ž? –
" ', ", 9 D
. – 7ž',
?5 L%
.6 5got sick / 6lоst weight
– &, 9
. F %, ', .
6
%
"%
-. 3
:
«5
ž – .» + %
9 9
ž9,
ž , % " ". #
9"4. & N % ".7 7mistake
5
2 «7 – " 8?» * 8еnemy
a .9 F 9 " 4. =DC 9 9eyes
10
-". «G-" ž
9
ž9», –
10quit
.
#
% 4
,
$
– N 9.11 L
'. 5 11poison
. L
9 ' "%
%, 4 ,
$.
7 ' 9 "9 '
.
G C%
" $,
: «=DC " '".» 5 "4 9 ' 10 . G 9
C $, %
« 9»,
: «= C,
.16 5 $
ž%.» 16be afraid
Word Building
Phrases in the Instrumental Case
You have already seen many expressions with instrumental case endings in
previous chapters. Some of these are fixed phrases in the Russian language
and are classified as adverbs of time, manner, etc.
* % '9 Happy Birthday! $, %, ,
* & ! Happy New Year!
', ', ,
with pleasure
There are several more that express the manner in which something is done:
on horseback Other expressions:
by foot
in what way
C
whispering
mainly
as a chorus, all together in a word
$
522 16
()**)+-)
16.1 Instrumental Case of Nouns, Adjectives, and Pronouns
#
''. (instrument, no preposition)
I am eating soup with а spoon. (by means of а spoon)
#
. (parallel action,
I am eating soup with (my) daughter. preposition с used)
C. Noun endings.
Masc.
F — F - ! -!
* -
* -
4! -4!
F - % F - 2! -4!
Fem.
" < - "' <' -' "! -!
C9 L9 -9 C' L' -' C4! -4!
D -
D -
D2! -4!
Neuter
-
-
"! -!
-
-
4! -4!
Pl. -!/4!
1Spelling Rule 3 is applied.
524 16
Spelling Rule 3: After
, 7, 8, 9, and :, write in stressed singular
endings, and e in unstressed singular endings.
The following nouns have the instrumental plural ending -! instead of
-4!.
nom. sg. nom. pl. instr. pl.
C
2
Pl. -!/!!1
1Spelling Rule 1 is applied.
2Spelling Rule 3 is applied.
2. Translate the sentences into Russian. Remember that you do not need
а preposition in these sentences.
1. I write with (my) right hand.
2. Which hand do you write with?
3. I eat ice cream with а small spoon.
4. Do you eat pizza with (your) hands or with а fork and knife?
5. I do not like to eat pizza with (my) hands.
6. We eat meat with а knife and а fork.
7. Do you eat cake with а fork or а spoon?
8. Students write with а black or blue pen.
526 16
INSTRUMENTAL OF POSSESSIVE AND
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
Masc./Neuter Fem. Pl.
// '/'/' !/!/!
8!/
8!
8'/
8'
8!!/
8!!
!/ '/' !!/!
!4
3. Answer the questions using the words in parentheses.
Model: * G9 % ? $ " ! 0#.
(*)
1. * H "
-? (F)
2. 1 " H"
? (F)
3. * H" " ? (*, <, ", *9
H)
4. * % ? (*, G9 Y)
5. * %
? (59, H", *C', 7",
H"
, G9 +9)
6. * ' 7
7? (&", L9,
7, F, & 39)
5. Finish the sentences with the words in parentheses in the plural form
of the instrumental case.
1. +- *
9 ($ -"
).
2. # % 4 (" $
).
3. L" " '
(N % 2)?
4. 1$
(
%
).
5. #
(" ).
6. < "%
(
% $ "%).
7. 5% '
(N % $
%)?
8. 7% "4% (" " %).
528 16
!
6. How would you say the following?
1. Let’s go to the cafeteria.
2. We went to a pancake house yesterday.
3. Would you like to go to the shish kebab house with me?
4. I don’t like to eat dinner in the cafeteria.
!
7. Finish the sentences with the words in parentheses.
1. F $ (%).
2. L%
" (9)?
4. #
$ ().
4. L%
" (%)?
5. F H (%) ?
6. 5% '
(")?
7. +$ % ()?
Short forms of adjectives are not declined. They are used only as predicates,
as follows.
A. To denote a temporary condition.
B ? Is this place vacant?
1 '
. The restaurant is already closed.
B. To denote a relative value.
B 2 . This skirt is too small for me.
'"% $ ". The jeans are too big for him.
C. With the words and .
R% "%. The mountains are so beautiful there.
D. When the subject of the sentence is or %.
B
.
5C .
530 16
!
8. How would you say the following?
Vocabulary
532 16
Places to eat
% dirty
"9 pancake house A short adj. closed
"74 bakery
4, 4
, occupied, busy
4,
4
C buffet
short adj.
"4 dining hall,
A short adj. open
cafeteria
% good (for health)
9 shish-kebab house
!' fresh
, free, vacant
Other nouns ,
534 16
17 (0
:' )
- "
9?
K "
4 ¿:
!
ŧ %.
- "
9? 535
Talking About Your Plans and Interests
G"
% 9?
>$D (future) is
a neuter substantiv-
- % " ? # $ . ized adjective: C
%? % '. $D, $D.
- %
8? # C.
%
?
17.1 Use of the Instrumental Case: (C, D) With the Verbs стать, быть, and
рабóтать.
G * % !, 3 C 7
?
'.
<
" C.
3 9% 8".
-#
²"!
"! /
"', ="! ?
The Soviet Russian
>"? organization 7"49
1-
%? was changed into
+4 /
"4'? +"49 in 2011.
<C? Thus, the former
;'? 4%
S"?
are now known as
<? !""! "!:' !'
4.
5?
5?
+
? ' /
F ' %... "
7! =!#
536 17
1. - ="! ? - 9% 8"? Working with а partner,
ask questions based оn the chart.
$! 9
%.
% ! 8 4?
/ # ! "' $'.
% ! ?
ž! 8!4!.
17.1 Use of the Instrumental Case: (E) With the Verb интересовáться
- "
9? 537
²'
.
/ %
9? #
"' $
%'.
%
? -$ .
17.1 Use of the Instrumental Case: (F) With the Verb занимáться
C=
!
=
#
) ?
• G"
N "
%
?
,
9
%
-$
²'%
%
538 17
3. $ . !
8 4 ? This survey was taken by
correspondents of the newspaper «<% -%».
$F($0
B. $ .
1. +$ 7"
9
?
2. G" "
H ?
3. < " "
9 C ?
4. R *
% (earn) '
?
5. +$ <
9 ?
- "
9? 539
6 % $ " 7
!4 ?, After you graduate
% 7! ? can be expressed in
two ways: (1) with
the preposition
# DC 8"/.
(after) and the noun
# $ " $ 9
%.
(end) in the
# $
$.
genitive case: "
# $ $.
7
!4 8"/
# "B $.
! !, or
(2) with the verb
17.2 The Verb поступáть/*поступи́ть
: ...#
(or
, )
) ? % 7! /
• 6
(" ) % ? .
• 5% ' ", % "
9
?
A. $ .
1. 6 *
9 %?
2. < "
% $D?
3. R
% '
?
540 17
В. Read the dialogue aloud with partner and modify it to find out
what his or her plans are. You may also need the following:
!
(look for)
4...
$ ( join) / 55* / 57*
55* = 5-
$% "% Air Force (U.S.)
57* = 5-" "% Navy (U.S.)
5. - != "
9? Working with а partner, answer
the following questions and then ask similar questions about the other
teenagers.
"9: F
: 18
: ^-" '
%: ?
%: ?
": '%
"9: 5"
: 17
:
4 " 9
% 9
%: -- 7
%: " 9
²
": 4 –
, – ^"
- "
9? 541
# $ "7 ² 8
!.
# $ .
6. ("! " !. These parents are not satisfied with
the future plans of their children. Discuss their respective wishes
according to the model.
542 17
!"#.
Sergei is talking to his career counselor. Read the dialogue below.
< <: *, "
% $D? G %
?
*: # DC ". 7" " , % 9
" 4" .
< <: 6% ?
*: , 9 $
-
.
< <: < % $9?
*: # $ $.
< <: L% '?
*: F , . & $, N 9
-9.
< <: < $ % $9?
*: , . B
" $.
< <: L ' % % ?
*: R--. 7' %... &
$ N...
А. $ .
1. G"
% " 9 *9?
2. < N 9 *? (What does Sergei think
about this?)
3. 6 $9 *?
4. +$ * '?
5. 6
'" * < <?
6. < " (reacted) *?
- "
9? 543
Discussing Love and Marriage
• R
39 <?
• G "
'"?
• +$ "
"?
• & '"9 <?
• G % $,
$ 39
" <9?
• G
-, ' '" $
?
544 17
8. 0"
8!4. Complicated Relationships.
А. The male and female applicants for marriage licenses got all mixed up.
• G '"9? & ?
• < ²
'? 0 ?
R"!4 +4 $7 R"!4 +4 $7 Note: Feminine
last names
1. G
4 7" * 74 * < ending in -a
are declined
2. 04 < & 7 " 5" as adjectives
3. 1 < < H &" " in the preposi-
tional case, e.g.
4. 1 = Y F 7" < 74'.
C. How do you think the situation will be different in ten years? Which
couples stopped loving each other? Who got divorced? Whom did
they marry?
1. &
" *9?
2. *
" &?
3. * &
"?
4. G
" &?
5. & ²
'? 0 ?
- "
9? 545
Wedding Vocabulary
wedding bride
4: 9 4 to get married in a church witness
0<R*:
9 0<R* to get married in the a civil 9 4 to exchange rings
registry office 'C% newlyweds
4 9 wedding palace 4(9) to kiss
'" groom
( 4
Traditional Russian weddings often include text “,” but nowadays a white flower
an activity called ² (buying of on the lapel is more common. The father of the
the bride), where the
= has to perform bride does not give her away: the couple enters
various tasks in order to redeem the . the room together.
The actual ceremony takes place in a : After the ceremony the bride and groom
7
!4, which is a branch of the climb into a vehicle decorated with colorful
civil registry office, 0<R*. The ceremony is ribbons and rings. A teddy bear or a doll is
often performed by a woman. The ceremony sometimes tied to the front of the car for good
ends with the exchange of rings and a kiss, as in luck and fertility. The "
% then visit
many other countries. Religious ceremonies are some local landmarks (e.g., the Tomb of the
growing in popularity, but they do not replace Unknown Soldier, a park, etc.). The wedding
the official ceremony by the 0<R* officials. A ends with a lavish dinner at a restaurant. The
wedding at a Russian Orthodox Church is a party usually lasts for a long time and includes
long, elaborate ritual, involving a procession, singing, dancing and games organized by a
singing, wedding crowns (cf. 9 (master of ceremonies).
from 4 crown), and candles. -
' is a round bread with a small cup
Many features typical of an American of salt on top, used in traditional welcoming
wedding do not exist in Russia. There are no ceremonies, which are also known as -.
bridesmaids. Instead, there are two unmarried At a wedding, parents greet the newlyweds with
witnesses ( !"), one from the bride’s a . The husband and wife each take a
and the other from the groom’s side. Until bite of the bread, and the one who gets a bigger
recently, they used to wear a red sash with the piece will be the “head of the family.”
546 17
0
1
% &:
94
$ 3 ²
'. =C $'
$
*. O
.1 1guy
A. $ .
R is a traditional
1. 69 N % ? wedding cheer to
2. 0 ²a
'? encourage the newly-
3. R "
" ? weds to kiss. Literally,
means bitter.
4. G % ?
It can be understood
5. G9 $
% %? as “life is bitter” or “the
6. 3 C "
" 0<R*? wine is bitter,” and the
7. 6 '"
, "
«»? young couple is ex-
pected to kiss in order
8. 6
4?
to make life or wine
9. G "
? sweet.
10. 6 'C%, «-»?
B. ) ?
1. 5% -$ ² ? G ²
' "
'"9? R % ? * ²?
2. 1$ 9 4
. < 4%?
3. G
4 : '",
" (both)?
4. 7'C% 4$9
4?
C. Pretend that you attended Olga’s wedding. Tell your friend about it.
Your friend asks questions in order to get as many details as possible.
- "
9? 547
Discussing Family Plans
(
! %
Russians do not have baby showers for their Traditionally, maternity hospitals ("%
unborn child. In fact, making preparations in , ) do not allow fathers or other
advance, and sometimes even selecting a name, family members in the birthing room, and the
is considered bad luck. When the child is born, new mother normally stays in the hospital longer
the hospital prepares a document stating the than in the United States. As in most European
date of birth. The parents have up to one month countries, all new mothers are guaranteed a
to decide on the name and apply for the official government subsidized maternity leave (
birth certificate ( ')
) and they are entitled
at the ЗАГС, which, in addition to marriages, to a leave up to three years (
registers births and deaths. C) without losing their jobs.
Collective numbers
are in nominative case
(, , etc.) in
the construction
2 , and in the
accusative (=,
=, etc.) after the
verb !. All collec-
tive numbers are fol-
lowed by the genitive
plural (here: ).
548 17
1. 2. S & F9 "9 C. 3"
"!
C <. < $ ?
)"
.
0
"2 !
The verb
%/
5
5–7
' "9 7 – *
means to
<. 0 < $ 7", F, <C, ", name somebody. The
&", 7", ", = <. name itself stays in the
*"
<"9,
7"9, 9, nominative or instru-
<, H
, +", 59, =", *-9. mental case form: $
% <.
"!
"7!
* ().
(*"3 ä
"âà@ ãà
à «ã@ä»
- "
9? 549
10. (
!,
! ! . Working with а partner, answer the questions
based on Elena’s family chart.
1. G "9 e¸ / e¸ ?
2. & ?
3. G : " ?
& ? 5 $ N ²?
4. 6 e¸ 1957- $?
5. * ?
6. G "
C?
7. &
' "9 C?
8. G "
C?
9. G ? R?
10. < ?
11. G $ : " ? & ?
12. * % , $? < ?
13. G $ <?
14. 5 $ "9 <?
15. 6 <
9 %?
16. G % $, $ "9?
17. 6 < 1984- $?
18. * ? 5 $?
19. G <
9 $? R?
20. G % $, '?
2
8 ' 8 ' :
4-7 < 7 F & )"
! 1939 1937 1960
7
! 1954 1952 1977
8"
! ! — — 1978–1984
1957 1957 1984 (&9 Y)
! H" (. 1958) 5" (. 1985)
)"
(. 1960) L (. 1988)
T" (. 1995) d K 4.
" (weaver)/ / /"4
- ^49
2010 1997
550 17
F"
! ! :
A. Read the text and answer the questions between the paragraphs.
39 ' ' 'D 9
$'%. + $'% '
"9
. F ^ 9 ² 2
$ ,
" %
$ . *D
9
'
9, 2
$
"
% «^ (
)», "
«^ ». 5 ^
² 2
,
" 29 $. 5 9 1"
%
%% «' »,
2 '
-4
-9 . 7 , «'
»
29
, " ' .
1. What are the three different stages in a relationship?
2. According to the text, what are the possible advantages of
cohabitation?
5 1" "4,
$
4.
5
, '"9 " , ' "9
²
' «<
'9», %
² '" «» " «»,
$ N
2 '
$
,
" .
5
" '9 ', '
"
. B ' % "
" , " - .
3. How does the Russian proposal tradition differ from the
American one?
3 '% ^
'
C% 99
"9. 9 % '
9
'
, 9
, '
"
-4
"
9 4
%. + N '$
"
%.
4. What is the next important step in the relationship?
5. What is the final step in the “getting acquainted” process?
9 , %
"9 0<R*,
"
9. +
99,
C9 " 94
% ,
" " '"9.
- "
9? 551
6. How long does the young couple have to wait after getting
their marriage license before they can get married?
* ² %. K ²
'"9, 9 "9
.
+ ' "9 94
. 5 % " ' %
² 9
.
Chapter Review
A. You should now be able to . . .
1. ask and answer questions about what you want to be(come)
2. explain how your plans have changed since childhood
3. state what you are interested in and involved in
4. describe what you will do after you graduate For self-tests and additional practice,
please go to the Book Companion
5. say how your parents’ wishes differ from yours Site, available at www.wiley.com/
college/nummikoski
6. explain what people are (dis)satisfied with For access to the videos, please go to
7. say how long people have been friends before marriage the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
your access code at www.wiley.com/
8. say who fell in love, fell out of love, got married, or got divorced college/wrk
552 17
B. T "! ... Interview a classmate, asking the following questions
in Russian. Do not attempt to translate them literally, however. Add any
other questions necessary. Take short notes and prepare a written report as
homework.
1. When you were little, what did you want to be?
2. Are you working now? As what?
3. What are you interested in?
4. Are you involved in any sports?
5. How about music?
6. Did you apply to other universities?
7. Have you already decided what you want to be?
8. When will you graduate?
9. What do you want to do after you graduate?
10. How did your parents react to your choice of career?
11. Do you want to get married? When?
12. Do your parents want you to get married?
13. What kind of weddings do you like?
14. Do you like children?
15. Do you want to have children? How many?
C. F!8 $"? Go back to activity 5. Select one of the people and tell your
classmates everything that you know about his or her career and personal life.
It is now fifteen years later.
D. "! ! You meet your high school friend after 20 years.
Compare your lives since then. What have you been doing? Are you married?
Do you have children? What is your profession? Also discuss some rumors
that you have heard about other people in your class.
- "
9? 553
Extra
7'
Read the beginning of а story bу Anton Chekhov, The Lady with the Dog.
R", '
9" 1 4: 2 1appeared / 2face
. " " R$,
'" # '
, 9 ž% "4. 3'% ",
'
9 , % 3 ", 3hеight
, ž%
. =C %', 7
ž, 8 7expression / 8gait
,
C9 " $,
10 D,11 9hairdo / 10respectable /
11society
', #
%
, $
...
O
<. +. 6 « »
554 17
Word Building
Marriage Vocabulary
Тhe phrase
is formed fгom the preposition (behind) and the
instrumental case form of ' (husband). Thus, married women are behind
their husbands. And if а woman wants to get married, she goes behind the
husband (
'). Меn, оn the other hand, are “wived” ('), and
when they marry they “get wived” ('"9).
Тhе noun (marriage) has аn interesting second meaning, defective
goods, spoilage, wreck. So if the marriage, in fact, becomes defective, some
people mау opt to lead each other apart,
", from the prefix
(apart), (to lead), and the reflexive - / 4 (each other).
Roots
-
- woman
' wife
'D woman
' married (of а man)
'e" bridegroom
' women’s
'% feminine (in appearance or behavior)
-
- man
' husband
'" man
' married (of а woman)
'" peasant
'ž men’s
$'% masculine, manly, brave
- "
9? 555
()**)+-)
17.1 Use of the Instrumental Case
In Chapter 16 you learned to use the instrumental case as follows.
A. Without a preposition, to denote an instrument, a means for
doing something.
# ž''.
B. With the prepositions , 2 , , and
.
#
ž A .
In this lesson, you will learn several other uses of the instrumental case.
C. With the verbs стать (to become somebody/something) and
(to be somebody/something).
# o$ ž'. I want to become a nurse.
# o$ % ž'. I want to be a nurse.
# ž ž. I will soon become a physician.
# ž $ ž. I will soon be a doctor.
- % ž ? What do you want to become?
- % ž %? What do you want to be?
** is a perfective aspect verb, conjugated as follows:
9
%
"
In sentences with the verb , the predicate is in either the nominative
or the instrumental case as shown in the chart.
556 17
D. With the verb ž (to work as somebody).
- % ž? # ž -4.
What are you working as? I work as a waiter.
You can ask about a person’s profession in two ways, as the following
examples show. Note also that the English language uses the pronoun
what, whereas the Russian language uses the pronoun who.
- % ž? What are you working as?
or: - %
-? What is your profession?
!4
1. Finish the sentences by putting the words in parentheses in the
instrumental case.
1. 39 ž (
"4).
2. Gž9 ž % (
% -
%).
3. H $ (
"%
).
4. * ž (')
ž.
5. 5ž9 ž % (%).
6. ' (
4).
7. G F % (), ().
8. G H" % (9), (C%).
9. 7 ž (
D"4)
".
10. & ž ('ž%
)
' «3C».
!4
3. / ! 4 ! "B!? Write complete sentences with the
given words.
1. %/9 -$
%/?
2. </
9
3. 9/9 $
4. H H"
/ $
5. /%
558 17
6. %/
/?
7. */'ž% 9
8. %/-$
9. 9/'ž% "
10. %/ž9/?
!
5. How would you say the following in Russian?
- "
9? 559
17.2 The Verb
/*
Remember that the imperfective aspect denotes action without implying
result, whereas the perfective aspect implies that the action had or will
have an intended result. Examine the following sentences and pay close
attention to the English translation.
to apply
*
" to get accepted, to get in, to enroll
#
$. (I will be taking entrance
I will apply to graduate school. exams.)
L%
" $?
Did you apply to graduate school?
L% " $? (Did they accept you?)
Did you get accepted to graduate school?
# $ $. (I want to get accepted.)
I want to go to graduate school.
= 9 "B,
ž
ž
9.
If I get accepted, I will have to study a lot.
!
6. Supply the correct form of the verb
/
".
560 17
17.3 The Conjunction 7ž
You have already learned to use the verb = to express what a person
wants to do.
# $
" ž.
I want to enroll in the conservatory.
To express what a person wants somebody else to do, the conjunction
7ž (that) with the past tense of the verb is used.
Мо" род"тели хотт, 7ž 4 (refers to another
"" в университт. person)
My parents want mе to enroll in
a university.
literally: My parents want that I should
enroll in a university.
7% ", ž% "! (refers to another
. person)
We do not want you to be here.
Note 1: Remember that as with other clauses with , 7ž requires
the past tense of the verb.
Note 2: Pay close attention to translations from English into Russian.
In English you can use the object forms of personal pronouns. In Russian,
however, you have to use two separate clauses, both of which have a
subject in the nominative case.
I want him to read. # $, ž% .
subject verb subject verb
My parents want 7" " , ž% 4
9.
mе to study. subject verb subject verb
!
7. Translate the sentences into Russian. Remember to use the past tense
of verbs.
1. Mother wants you to go to the store.
2. I want you to go to the movies with me.
3. I do not want my sister to become an actress.
4. I want my son to finish school.
5. My sister wants me to be involved in sports.
- "
9? 561
6. My parents want me to become a doctor.
7. Parents want children to get a college education.
8. Our teacher wants us to study more.
9. I do not want you to buy a new car.
10. We want you to go to graduate school. (say: to enroll in a
graduate program)
!
8. Write complete sentences with the words given.
Model: </18/
"/39
-#
)" A" 18 ", "" $".
1. "/14/
"/L9
2. </24/
"/H"
3. &/32/
"/5ž9
4. 3/35/
"/5"
5. 7/21/
"/F/
/
"/
562 17
17.5 Reciprocal Pronoun # #
The reciprocal pronoun # # (each other) is declined like the
noun #. Only the second word is declined, however. The pronoun
does not have a nominative case form. When a preposition is needed, it
falls between the two words.
Without With
preposition preposition
Nom. —
H"
7"9
" # #. Lisa and Mitya fell in love
with each other.
3" ž ' # #. They cannot live without each
other.
3"
# #. They always help each other.
!
9. Supply the missing words.
!4
10. Write two sentences for each item according to the model.
Model: 5"/3
" 4 $"#.
$"# A8"
.
1. F/L9 4. "/H"
2. */39 5. */&
3. 7"/H
564 17
11. Translate the following sentences into Russian. You will need both
the verbs and the expressions for current marital status.
1. My sister is married.
2. She got married two weeks ago.
3. She married Nina’s brother.
4. Lena has been married for a long time.
5. My older brother is married.
6. Katya and Yura got married last year.
7. My best friend Mark married a Russian woman.
8. Natasha says that she does not want to get married.
9. All her friends (female) are already married.
10. Aleksei Alekseevich, have you been married for a long time?
Singular Plural
Nom.
žD ž
žD
Gen.
žD "
D
Dat.
žD "
D
Асс.
žD ž
žD
Instr.
žD ž
D
Prep.
žD "
D
Note: The noun "ž (love) drops the fleeting vowel -o- in the genitive,
dative, and prepositional forms.
- "
9? 565
!
12. Supply the missing words in the correct form.
1. 5 N $
" ž ().
2. L% ž
(ž).
3. +ž () 4 % 7$.
4. G"
9 ž99 (G9
žD)?
5. & N - (ž pl.).
6. 5 7 9
" ž % (D)(thing).
7. 5 9 ' ().
8. 6 %
('
) N ž'?
9. * C '9, &!—* (ž), F.
10. +$ % $9 ('
) N "%?
Vocabulary
566 17
Professions a round bread
(for ceremonies)
% subst. adj. soldier
7
dream
!"
diplomat
millionnaire
'C movie director
ž survey
"%7! pilot
relation(ship)
:, : singer
m. guy
'%
subst. adj. firefighter
"!:' !' Adjectives
subst. adj. police officer highest (here:
psychiatrist college level)
intelligence officer ž", satisfied with
-
% rock musician ž",
"
soldier ž"
+ instr.
$ surgeon
' famous, well-known
"#ž (it’s) easy
Sports '% ski(ing)
# running
ž' international
" bodybuilding ž% fashionable
wrestling
"'% prestigious
% soft. adj. early
bicycling ž'% complicated
9
horseback riding
- fencing Adverbs
C!" physical education
ž" fairly, rather
walking
ž soon
ž just
Other nouns
ž7 exactly
!4 army
9 the future
Pronouns
55*, 5- Air Force
$% "% # # each other
57*, 5- Navy ž m., n.; ž f. both
" "% , , myself, yourself, etc.
ž age
interest
- "
9? 567
Prepositions 7
| (I) + prep. to dream
+ gen. before
%| (I) to name
*
(I)
ž " + gen. after
$,
C,
$
Conjunctions
" (II) to carry, to wear
7ž that, so that, $, ž,
in order to ž9
" ... " either . . . or *ž7! (II) to finish, to conclude
ž7,
Verbs ž7!8,
*
" (II) to join (a party, ž7
military, etc.) *
$| (I) to think (for a little
%o"
' (II) to get married while)
*A'!
(I) (of a woman) *
4 to marry (each
+ асс. other)
A', A'8, *"| (II) to fall in love with
A'; + асс.
past A8"
| (I) to apply
'" (II) + instr. to be friends with * (II) to enroll, to enter
'$, $', "B, (a university,
$' !8, school)
(I) + gen. to wait, to expect 4
,
%8, *
/4|| (I) to kiss
4$, 4$,
4 (II) to get married (of 4$
+ prep. a man) *
/4||9 (I) to kiss each other
B ,
*
" to get divorced
!8 4,
+ instr.
4 4
C9,
,
(I) to look for
"
D$, "D,
*"|V (II) to fall out of love
"D
+ асс. with
!
| 4 (I) to study, to be
| (I) to decide, to solve
+ instr. occupied with
*8 (II)
!| (I) to own, to have 8, 88,
! |
| 4 (I) to be interested in 8
+ instr. * (I) + instr. to become
! ,
,
8,
! 8 4,
! 4
568 17
18 (
:' )
- 2 7 ?
Y"4
"! !!.
- 2 7 ? 569
Describing Your Physical Appearance
#"
â"
#" – #"
:
"
!
:
:
#
– # The noun
= – 8! – (chin) is formed from
4A
#" the preposition
9
– 9%!
84
(under) and the noun
(beard).
8!
2...
#" /
" / "!:.
7%"
2...
" / ! " .
2...
4² / " / 2 " .
570 18
A
2... 2...
4'/ '/#
' . %/ %"/# #"
.
â" #"
c% ²
C% %
C%
C%
$% dark blond brown
²' red Z 8 7.
² grey
)"
0#!7 F8!.
B. Act out the dialogue again, changing the place, time, and your
personal descriptions.
"
The Russian language
does not differentiate
"e7—"7!
#
between an arm and
a hand () or a
leg and a foot ().
!
#
—#! Small children’s body
parts (and those of
adults in humorous
talk) are often in the
diminutive: ',
$,
.
572 18
& % =
/? # =
/ ().
% =
!?
(4
).
"" '.
+$ %
? S "" .
"" 4.
""! $.
4. / != "?
А. Explain what is wrong with these people.
\
M *!=
'"!7
0#' F
" 08
4 )!7
@
C. The students listed missed class yesterday. What was wrong with
them?
S1: +$ H% %
?
S2: S C $.
7 ""
1. " ž
2. 5"
$
3. <9
4. &" 4
5. *C' '
574 18
.
% 2 7 8? $'/$. Ч$вствуешь is pro-
G ß 7 2
% 2 7 ? . nounced [ч$ствуешь].
.
6 ? &
8#. ß " 4.
/ "7" ? # "".
/
!?
Z 7
"/. * =7 4 . * 4.
Other Illnesses:
flu
" strep throat "
rheumatism
asthma stress
<9 ✓
Ÿ
7" ✓
Hš ✓ ,
*š ✓ Ÿ
& ✓
6. \"Ae ! !
#. Working with а partner, match the diagnoses
with the correct patients. Read the diagnoses first.
"
4"
"
hangover
C, , (short adj.) in love
, % (short adj.) pregnant
576 18
1. F F: , 9
$. S
" " . 7 ".
2. < *: S " "
9 '.
F %9
$.
3. *: S C ": ,
, $ ' $ .
S , %9
$.
4. H": & 9 $
. # C 9 $
.
5. &": + 9
$
.
6. >: S C 9 , $
4%.
7. 39: S %, 9 $ . ß
$ C 9 $ C $ *.
8. 59: # $ ,
$ "
" . F
$ .
/o?
<
!. S
S 3 . = $
!. 3 "!!'. =$ ' "A8è. =$ $' 8
. = $'
" "
". "='
. "
.
`=! â ( !
Health care in the former Soviet Union Although official health care is mostly based on
was free to all citizens, but it has now been modern technology, traditional folk medicine
replaced by a two-tiered system of public and remains very popular, as it offers many
private health care. Health insurance policies inexpensive alternative options for curing
(
4" 9) are now different ailments. For instance, treatment for
provided by the employer, or, if the person is a flu might include mustard plasters, steam
not employed, by the government. Insurance baths, and herbal teas, whereas a runny nose
policies guarantee free access to government- might be treated with a mixture of onion juice
run health care, but private clinics and hospitals and honey.
will charge a fee for their services.
578 18
8. F ' ! 4. Find out how you can beat a bad
cold in three days with herbs and other ingredients. Then make a list
of all the staples you should keep at home in case of illness. Categorize
them according to their intended use.
cleaning the air:
stuffy nose:
sore throat:
cough:
vitamins and liquids:
! .
!!
$.
!!
"
2–3
.
!2
".
² 9.
...
" .
...
"
".
... "4.
"2... .
.
" "
.
"%.
".
.
01 –
4
02 – "ķ:!4
03 – 4 9
112 – ' "C !4
H !. G" % – (
" "C)
. = ! ".
580 18
G9 =. =$ < H"
! 4.
8.
Recommendations
= "8.
containing compara-
tives can be softened
by adding the prefix
o-, e.g.,
(a bit more) and
š (a bit less).
The verb
9
(to gain weight) liter-
ally means to get right/
correct. Russians have
traditionally equated
fuller figures with
strength and healthi-
ness and considered
9. / ! š? Give recommendations to the following skinny people sickly.
people.
1. H" $ 3
.
2. *
9.
3. &
.
4. <
'% .
5. S " ".
6. 7 '9, C .
7. S &"%
, .
8. H C.
9. S <9 ' %9
$.
10. < ' .
10. $7
"! How would you offer emotional support to the following
people?
1. Larisa’s final exams are approaching and she is very nervous. She
thinks she will not have enough time to study and will therefore
fail the exams.
2. Volodya has missed а lot of school lately. You hear that his
mother has been seriously ill (but you know she, ll probably be all
right).
3. Dmitri’s roommate was suddenly taken to the hospital. Не had
been complaining about stomach pain all week, but Dmitri had
brushed it off as nonsense. Now he feels guilty.
4. Natasha has been sick for the whole week. Now she is worried
about catching up with her schoolwork. You understand her
because the same thing happened to you.
582 18
11. !"ž#!. Read the dialogues and answer the questions that follow.
Then have similar conversations with а partner.
1. *: <!
+9: *? B +9 ". G '
?
*: L 1. 1so-so
13. "!"!. Read the dialogue. Then have similar conversations
with а partner.
*: *'",
',
5$?
7: +, 10.
*: *
".
5 :
5: & % '?
*: S " .
5: +. 3 . *'" «--a».
*: <--.
5: R--. 1
... %" . #
$
C 4. R--. L
$ ?
*: #
. S .
5: L
$... R--. L"4 Sergei’s temperature
. 37.6°С, is approxi-
S "... 5 4
. + N mately 100°F.
4
.
*: *
". <
?
5: 0 .1 & $4 H. 1around the corner
14. , 2 . Assume the role of Larisa and continue the
dialogue. Your instructor will play the role of the doctor.
5: 6
?
H": #
. G'9, .
5: 5% ?
H": #
$
.
5: <, . 5% C?
H": 6 .
5: < '"
?
H": 5 4 " DC
'.
5: 5%
"?
H": &, ² 9 '$ $ .
5: + ?
H": # %
. # ²
-.
584 18
( 4
4
The tradition of bathhouses goes back over inhabited by an evil spirit
!, who cast a
a thousand years. Bathhouses in rural areas spell on anybody who wore clothing into the
were used for many purposes, from weekly bathhouse.
baths to childbirth. Although the bathhouse «0 "%#!
» is a wish of good
has now lost much of its original use (and health to a person who has just emerged from
some people consider it backward), it is still the steamy 9. It is also used in the title of
popular as a social establishment. Important a popular Soviet era movie (also known as
business and political decisions are often «F9 ², " C
» (Irony
made in the 9. of Fate, or Enjoy your Bath).
The 9 is heated by wood-burning or
electric stoves topped with natural rocks to a
temperature of 40–60˚C (cf. the Finnish sauna
80–100˚C). Water is thrown lightly onto the stove
to produce soft steam (["%#!'] ). There
are usually up to three wide shelves of varying
heights for bathers to sit or lie on. In order to
relax and increase blood circulation, bathers
sometimes beat themselves or each other with a
bundle of birch twigs (%' !).
No clothing is worn to the бáня. According
to Russian folklore, traditional bathhouses were 0 "%#!
!
How would you translate and explain the following Russian sayings?
to fix
Русские пословицы
«Баня – вторая мать.»
«В бане веник – дороже денег.»
«Баня парит, баня правит, баня всё поправит.»
B. Read the text and correct the statements that follow. The boldfaced
words refer to the table above.
5 1" 9 '
. B 9
""!4, % 7!9!4 "1. 1soul
,
. B '.
R, N
4$ "2
.
+ N 93 , " 94 3rinse off / 4rub oneself
(
), "
² 5 ,
" 5jump
.
>% "
C -
:
", ="
!
%. 5% ' 2 N -
%
,
".
1. 5
9.
2. 5 $
.
3. 5 ' 9 .
4. + ' ²9 .
5.
% – N ,
'.
6. >%
.
586 18
Chapter Review
А. Yоu should now be able to . . .
1. name the parts of a human body
2. describe your physical appearance, including your height and figure;
shape of fасе and nose; length, tуре, and color of hair; color of eyes
3. say whom you resemble For self-tests and additional practice,
4. explain in what way you look like your parents please go to the Book Companion
Site, available at www.wiley.com/
5. say that you are sick or well college/nummikoski
For access to the videos, please go to
6. inquire about а person,s health the Wiley Resource Kit, available with
your access code at www.wiley.com/
7. state what is wrong with а person, including fatigue college/wrk
В. Roleplay.
1. Your mother calls to check on how you are doing. Tell her that you
are sick (complain а lot). She offers you her best Doctor Mom advice.
2. Your non-Russian-speaking roommate got sick. Call the doctor and
ехplain what is wrong. Get the time for аn appointment and then
take him or her to the doctor. When you get to the clinic, ask where
the doctor’s office is, fill out all the necessary paperwork, and act as
аn interpreter in the examining rооm. Then go to the pharmacy to
buy the medicine. (The patient should complain а lot, and the doctor
should ask а lot of detailed questions.)
/*
tо congratulate
588 18
()**)+-)
18.1 Syntax: =ž
and ž'
Resemblance can be expressed with the short adjective =
//! and
the preposition + accusative. Remember that the accusative singular
of animate masculines is identical to the genitive case. The accusative
plural of all animate nouns (masculine and feminine) is identical to the
genitive case.
"
' 7". Dima looks like Maksim.
7"
' (#) 4
. Maksim looks like (his) father.
H
' (B) . Lena looks like (her) mother.
' "', "
' =
8 8.
Children usually resemble (their) parents, but sometimes they look
more like their grandparents.
'
(same kind) agrees with the noun it modifies in gender,
number, and case. The two items compared need to be in the same
grammatical format.
# 9 ' %9, . I am as tall as my mother.
(nominative) (nominative)
S " '
, (') .
( + genitive) ( + genitive)
I have the same kind of blue eyes as (my) mother.
!
1. Translate the following sentences.
1. Sergei is as handsome as his father.
2. He is as tall as his father.
3. Lena looks like her aunt.
4. She has the same kind of curly hair as her aunt.
5. Mitya has the same kind of round face as his brother.
6. I look like my grandmother.
7. I have the same kind of slender figure as my grandmother.
Nom. —
Gen. c
Dat. c
Acc. c
Instr. c
!
2. Supply the correct form of the pronoun 2.
1. 7
" ".
2. 6 %
C ?
3. *C' 2 .
4. & " .
5. H '% " .
590 18
18.3 Impersonal Constructions =ž7 4 and 4
You have already learned to express need and want with the verb
хотéть. The impersonal construction with =7 4/=" is similar
in meaning, but also implies what a person feels like doing. The verb
=7 4/=" has one form only in each tense. The person who
feels like doing something is in the dative case.
T ť9 . Не does not feel like eating.
*
. I really felt like sleeping.
I felt very sleepy.
The verb form 4/ " (from
) denotes the ability to fall
asleep.
(%
"9. The child cannot fall asleep.
7
. I slept well at the summer house.
!
3. Rewrite the sentences using the construction =7 4/=" .
1. 59
.
2. 7 " .
3. H" ".
4. L% %.
5. 7% " .
!
4. Translate the sentences using
,
,
, and "2, as
appropriate.
1. He shouldn’t buy sleeping pills.
2. You need to take vitamins.
3. We should call the EMS.
4. You shouldn’t smoke here!
5. Sergei needs to buy new glasses.
6. You need to take your temperature.
7. Katya must eat more fruit and vegetables.
8. You shouldn’t drink so much beer.
9. I need to go to the doctor.
592 18
Vocabulary
4" appendicitis
#
pl. #! foot, leg
asthma
nose
4 insomnia
4 pl.
4% finger, toe
#! flu
pl.
shoulder
8" m. cough
(o) chin
runny, stuffy nose,
colloq. "butt"
head cold
"4% eyelashes
hangover
height, growth
$ cold
( $) mouth
"
rheumatism
pl. ! hand
stress
: [4] heart
pl. C
% tear
Human body
!
back
beard
body
f. eyebrow
mustache
$ freckle
= pl. 8! ear
" hair
-$ figure
#" pl. #"
eye
C bangs
#"
head
9 neck
#" throat
D pl. DC cheek
# f. breast, chest
¿4% buttocks
pl. $% lip
4A tongue
! stomach
tooth Other nouns
skin
gadget
f. bone
594 18
#27!' hot (of liquid) Adverbs
# ' sad ! downstairs
, well (not sick) deeply
,
even
() probably
, -99, -, - brown (of eyes)
dat. + "2 must not, cannot
strong
simply
'% (made of) leather
so-so
#"' round
% curly
% pug(-nosed) Verbs
"' lazy
(II) to worry, to disturb
mute
,
,
% oval
9
"' full, full-figured, | (I) to be sick
plump
*"| (I) to get sick
=
, =
, similar, resembling
=
! + асс. " (II) to hurt
", "2
4' straight
* ! (II) to throw, to quit
% regular 8, !8,
$% dark blond 4
' red (of hair) (II) to see
"' light(-colored)
, !8,
gray (of hair) 4
%' serious 9| (II) to look (of
9', appearance)
% weak
9,
blind 99
% fast %
% (I) to call
!' average, middle *A (I)
8' awful, horrible, scary
,
,
'' slim
'
same kind 8
(II) to breathe
8, A8!8,
%' dark
A8
!' narrow
"% clean
596 18
Grammar Reference
.
8 1998-
.
+
1942-
.
11. After several prepositions (see Prepositions and Their Cases)
" !? C 9 +
!
.
Dative (? ? to/for whom? to/for what?) (13.1, 13.5–8, 14.3–4)
! /!&.
/ 2
.
;
&.
Instrumental Case (? ? with whom? with what?) (16.1, 17.1)
1. To express the instrument for doing something, the means by which an
action is accomplished.
5 ! %%? C %
$.
C
%) .
! -
.
2. In some time expressions
, &!, , !.
,
, &, .
3. In several expressions
in what way
!& in other words
4. With the following frequently used prepositions
!() C ! ) ( #
$.
'
!() 8
).
+9 9 !.
8
2
,& 8$.
Prepositional Case ( ? ? about whom? about what?) (4.4, 5.1)
1. with the prepositions and
A. to express location
C
%)
.
& !
9
.
B. in some time expressions
at the beginning
!
in the middle
at the end
!& in childhood
"&
, *&
, etc.
8
? 8 2011-
.
8 XIX-
(3
) &.
2. with the preposition о() about
" !
? "
2 .
" ! ? " (
)
*.
" for X
to, until X
behind1 X X
from (cf. )1 X
-
from behind1 X
to, toward X
except X
between X
on, at/onto, to1 X X
above X
about X
near X
from1 X
in front of X
along, on X
below1 X X
! after X
!
in the middle of X
& against X
for the sake of X
(continued)
at home to home from home
& + prep. & + acc. + gen.
in in(to) from (in)
9
L
+ prep.
+ acc. ! + gen.
on (on)to from (on)
) ) )!
+ gen. + dat. + gen.
at to(ward) from (on)
7
7
D
7
+ instr.
+ acc. -
+ gen.
behind (to) behind from behind
9
) 9
9-9
+ instr.
+ acc. -
+ gen.
under (to) under from under
)
9-
Note: This list contains more aspect pairs than were introduced in the lessons. The case used is given
by means of question words (, , etc.), as is done in most dictionaries.
| (I) / to meet, 12
(II)
,
,
| (I)
to meet, 12
*
(II)
,
,
imp.
let’s meet, 12
| (I) to join (a party, military, etc.), 17
*| (II)
!, "
, "
#
| (I) / to choose, to pick, 10, 13
*$á (I)
$á
, $á
, $á
$ã
(II) ,
/
to look like, 18
$ã%, $ã
, $ã
##| (I) /o to call (a doctor, an ambulance), 18
*! (I)
$, $
, $
#| (I) / to turn off (the light, and appliance), 15
*$|
(II)
$, $
, $;
imp. ! /
#& % (II) to get married (of a woman), 17
#&%Ÿ, #&
, #&
*
(I)
!, !, !;
past !ø , !ø , !ø
|
(II) to be friends with, 17
,
,
|
(I) to end, 12
!|
(I) /
to shut, 15
*& (I)
&, &
, &
imp. &/
!|
(I)
, to snack, 16
*
(II)
,
,
*! (II)
!, !
, !
|
(I) to end, 10
&$', &$'
|
(II) , to feed, 16
& , &
, &
&| (I) to swim, to bathe, 15
& See & to buy, 9, 12
& (II)
to smoke, 18
& , &
, &
|
(I) to climb, 15
!| (II) to lie, 7
!, !
, !
|
(I) to fly, 15
(II) to fly, 15
',
,
*#|
(I) to catch
!| (II) to lie down, 7
!, !
, !
*
", "
, "
imp. '/
' (I) to be able to, 12
, !
, !, !, !,
past , ,
*
!
(I) /
to wash, 7, 12
,
,
*&!
$| (I)
to put on (clothes), 14
*$
$$, $$
, $$
!|
(I) /
to name, 17
*$ (I)
,
,
!
(I) to be called, 4
$, $
'
(II) to be located, 4
'
, '
, '
$#
, $#
|
(I)
to begin (to do something), 12
*$'
,
,
!|
(I)
to open, 12, 15
*& (I)
&, &
, &
|
(I)
to celebrate, 13
*
(II)
,
,
|
(I)
, to convey, to pass, 12
%,
, %
*
irrеg.
,
,
,
,
,
imp. /
ïåòü (I) ÷òî to sing, 8
ïî , ïî¸øü, ïî ò
*
*! (I) See
to wait, 16
*|
(I) to think ( for a while), 13
*# (I) to go, to set off by vehicle, 12, 12.5
,
,
*!$ (II) to marry (each other), 17
,
,
*
(I) /
to call, to ask, 12
,
,
imp. /
"|
(I) to congratulate, 13
*|
(II)
,
,
"|
(I) to get well, to gain weight, 18
*|
(II)
,
,
| (I) to apply, 17
*| (II) to enroll, to enter (a school), 10, 17
,
,
*# See '
to lose weight, 18
|
(I)
, to suggest, 13
*|
(II)
,
,
|
(I) /
to prefer, 15
| (I) /
to teach, 10
,
,
|
(I) , to invite, 12, 13
*
(II)
,
,
|
(I) to arrive by vehicle, 15, 15.6
*
# (I)
,
,
past
#,
#,
#
$
| (I) /
to take (a shower, etc.), 7, 12, 18
*
$ (I)
,
,
раst , ,
imp.
#/
*#
(I)
,
,
*
(II) /
to spend (time), 7
,
,
*
(I)
,
,
(II) /
to ask for, 13
,
,
*o
|
(I) to browse (the web, etc.), 7
|
(I) to catch a cold, 18
* (II)
,
,
!|
(I) to wake up, 12
*$ (I)
,
,
|
(I)
to mix up, 16
*
|
(I)
||
(I) to travel, 15
,
,
(I)
to cut, 11
,
,
*
|
(I)
to decide, to solve, 17
*
| (II)
,
,
||
(I) /
to draw, 8
,
,
*
|
(I) to be born, 13
*
,
,
(II) /
to have a seat, 15
,
, "
imp. ,
*
", "
, "
imp. "
/
(II) to shine, 14
,
,
,
| (I)
to take (an exam), 10
,
,
* irreg. to pass (an exam), 10, 12
,
, , , ,
"|
(I) /
to lose, 15
*
"|
(I)
||
(I) to train, 7
,
,
|
(I)
to clean, 7, 12
*
(I)
,
,
|
(I) ,
, to decorate, 13
(II)
,
,
!|
(I) to smile, 12
!
, !
, !
*!|
(I)
!
, !
, !
| (I) to be able, to know how, 9
|
(I) to die, to pass away, 13
*
(I)
,
,
*
(I) to be tired, 9, 12, 18
,
,
*+
+
#| (II) to go (on foot), 7
#!, #
, #
*-
()
'
| (I) to read, 2, 7, 12
*'
'|| % (I) to feel, 18
', '
, '
*
Note: The number indicates the chapter where the word first occurs. If the word is listed as core
vocabulary later in the book, both chapter references are given. Grammar references are also listed,
where appropriate. Conjugation of verbs is in the preceding section.
A /
graduate student, 10
Ÿ (post) graduate program, 10
and, but, 1
ķ aspirin, 15, 18
? And (with) you?, 1
asthma, 18
August, 13
astronaut, 1
ž bus, 15
š athletics, 8
auto mechanic, 10
diploma (high school), 10
adapter (for outlets), 15
ž
aerobics, 8
address, 6
ž airport, 15
Asia, 5
š academy, 10
,
ķ actor, actress, 1
ķ active, 15
ķ allergy, 11, 18
² former, 5
"ķ mountain climbing, 15
grandmother, 2
š
America, 5
bachelor’s degree, 10
American (m.), 2
balalaika, 8
American (f.), 2 ķ ballerina, 1
American, 1 š ballet, 8
! ž football, 8
ž balcony, 4
pineapple, 16
Baltic Sea, 5
ķ strep throat, 18 banana, 11
ķ
English, 1
bank, 4
ž# anthropology, 10
can, jar, 11
ķ orange (fruit), 11
bathhouse spirit, 18
"ķ orange (fruit), 11 banya, Russian
gadget, 18 bathhouse, 9, 18
$ž ~ hearing aid, 18
bar, 6
%ķ appendicitis, 18
drum, 8
ķ appetite, 16
lamb, 16
š m. April, 13
e bartender, 6
š
drugstore, 4
e ž basketball, 8
Arabic, 10
ķ /
basketball player, 1
Ÿ watermelon, 16
ž basketball, 8
&
arctic, 5 ž loaf (French bread), 16
army, 17 running, 8, 17
ķ /
artist, 1 š| (I) to run, 9
š architect, 6 š poor, 18
Ÿ architecture, 10
! Poor thing!, 18
$&š
higher education institution, 10 #š at the head of the table, 16
š
) # main, 12
entrance, 12 +, pl. + eye, 18
$ yesterday, 9 Ÿ' comp. deeper, 5
you (pl.), 2 ž
deep, 5
|" (I) to choose, to pick, 10 #$
ž deeply, 18
4
selection, choice, 13 #$ž deaf, 18
4#|
" (II) to look (of appearance), 18 #
ž oboe, 8
*
%+
(I) to call, 18
|ķ (II) to speak, 2
" (I) to call, 18 # beef, 16
*
% +' (I) to get married (of a woman), 17 , ž, year, years, 5
+ асс.
head, 18
.%
&$/ imp. Тurn off (the light, ž light blue, 3
an appliance), 15 #"5 golf, 8
$ |ķ , -% high school graduate, 10 , pl. ž mountain, 5
$ ž exit, 10 #
aquiline, eagle’s
ž
tall, high, 5 (of a nose), 18
ž high, tall, 14 ž throat, 18
4 exhibit, 12 ž, pl. city, 4
*4|" (I) to do laundry, 12 # ž city, 6
4 higher, 10 #&ķ% mustard, 16
% highest (here: $ hot (of liquid), 15
college level), 17 #ķ Mr., 1
ž" $ (II) to get married # Ms., 1
(of a woman), 17 ķ living room, 4
% соmp. higher, taller, 5, 14 ķ hotel, 4
m. guest, 13
2 #$
state, public, 6
ž
(II) to prepare (dinner, etc.), 7, 12
+š newspaper, 3 #ž|" (II): to prepare for an exam, 12
#ž carbonated, 16 ~
$
~ carbonated water, 16 degree, 14
necktie, 13 gram, 11
hamburger, 16 #ķ% border, 15
' garage, 4 #
mushroom, 9
#ž accordion, 8 flu, 18
#ž food store, 11 + thunderstorm, 14
where, 4 #ž loudly, louder, 15
#
#5 geography, 10 #ž&
comp. louder, 15
#
#ķ&
geology, 10 f. breast, chest, 18
#
š geometry, 10 #$ķ Georgian (country), 11
#/ gymnast, 8 #$ķ truck, 13
# gymnastics, 8 Ÿ sad, 18
guitar, 8 #Ÿ pear, 16
ķ /
guitarist, 8 # dirty, 16
ķ
only, sole, one and only, 3 + ķ abroad, 15
her, 2 + ķ (to) abroad, 15
асс. her, 1 "0
at the computer, 12
š every day, 7 *+š| (I) to get sick, 18
š+ (II) to go, to travel by vehicle
|" (I) to forget, 15
(round-trip), 9 *+% (I) to forget, 15
š+
0ž to ride on horseback, 9 +
ž () factory, plant, 6
dat. to her, for her, 13 +
breakfast, 7
+ fir tree, 13 +
| (I) to eat breakfast, 7
Ÿ dat. to him, for him, 12, 13 +| (I) to sunbathe, 15
š if, 7, 14 <=* (>š civil registry office, 17
there is, there are, 3 # #
to eat, 11 )
90 (I) to go, to travel, 12
assignment, 10
' every, 7
ž indecl. cinema, 7
how, 1 š clarinet, 8
<
+
Ÿ ? What is your name?, 1
class, 10
<
? How are things?, How are you?, 1
ķ$
classical, 8
<
+
Ÿ ? What is your name?, 1 " (impf. of to put, 12
ž what, what kind, 3 ķ")
Canadian (f.), 2
club, 5, 12
Canadian, 1 $
ķ strawberry, 16
channel, 12 0 cranberry, 13
candidate, 10 (& key, 15
ķ
pl. school holidays, 10 0 ( š) (hockey) stick, 13
Ÿ cabbage, 11
ķ book, 3
~ sauerkraut, 11 ķ book (adj)., 4
%
~ cauliflower, 11 ~ ž bookshelf, 4
round bread (for ceremonies), 17 ~ 5 bookcase, 4
B karate, 8 + rug, 4
soft adj. brown (of eyes), 18
when, 6
pocket, 15
ž' skin, 18
map, 5 ž (made of) leather, 18
ķ painting, 4 ž - ž Coca-Cola, 11
ž, pl.
ž ring, 13 š armchair, 4
team, 8
f. bed, 4
$ % communication, 10
f. blood, 18
ž room, 4 ž
except, 10
company, 6
ž
pl. athletic shoes, 15
+ķ composer, 1
Ÿ round, 18
š continent, 5
ž pendant, 13
contract, 10 $"Ÿ cultural, 15
ž
short, 5
Ÿ
jacket, 14
ž
short, 14 $ž piece, 11
cosmonaut, 1
+ campfire, 9 =
" f. bone, 18
laboratory technician, 6
ž! ,
ž! $
women’s top, 15 & lightbulb, 15
ž
cat, 3 + , pl. " ķ kiosk, 11
faucet, 15 +#
[+
] pl. lungs, 18
š hockey, 8
5ķ physicist, 6 0
š hockey, 8
!ķ+
physics, 10 0
ķ /
ice-hockey player, 1
5ķ&
physics (adj.), 10
ķ cholesterol, 18
!+
Ÿ physical education, 10, 17 0ķ
refrigerator, 11
!ķ$
philology (language 0ž cold, 14
and literature), 10
0ž cold, 9, 14
5ž# philology (language, 10
0ž single (of a man), 6
and literature)
0ž good, 1
5ž5 philosophy, 10
0ž well, 1
5ž5 philosophy (adj.), 10
0 š to want, 3, 12
55 department of philology
(5#ķ&
although, 10
5 $"š), 17 ž&
: dat. + ž&
I want to eat; I am
! finance, 10 0ž$ hungry., 18
Kž š! Happy Easter! (literally:
5š purple, 3
Christ is risen!), 13
!ķ company, 6
0š| (I) to lose weight, 18
5ķ
: ~
º house special, 16
0ž'
artist, painter, 8
5ķ
- fitness center, room, 7
%, sg.
ž
flowers, 13, 14
5ķ
- $
fitness club, 7
%
||"() (I) to kiss (each other), 17
5š flute, 8
Lš": Mš& on the Celsius scale, 14
5
ķ/ flutist, 8
%
, pl. %š price, 9
5 camera, 3
$&š
"), 16
institution
š
), 10 ice cream ž' subst. adj., 11
higher 4, 10 ice-hockey player 0
ķ /
, 1
higher, taller
% соmp., 5, 14 ice-skate
| (I)
highest (here: college level)
%, 17
0, 9
hiking ž, 15 icon ž, 4
him ž [yiv], 1 ID card ž$ , 10
idea š, 13
his ž, 2
if š, 7, 14
history ž; ķ&
, 10
important
', 18
hockey 0
š; 0
š, 8
in, at (location)
+ prep., 4
hold
|" (II), 16
in, within (a period + + асс., 12
holiday, celebration +
, 13
of time)
holidays, vacation (school)
ķ
pl., 10
in (future time) $š+ + асс., 15
home , 4
in advance
, 16
at home ž, 6 in another way -$#ž$, 10
home soft. adj., 12 in general, generally
'š, 13
home theater
, 3 in that case, then , 11, 12
honey +, 16 Independence Day 7
"
ķ, 13
horrible , 18 ingredient #
š, 16
horse ž f., 3 insomnia
ž%, 18
horseback riding
, 17 institute Ÿ , 6
hospital ķ, 4 instrument š , 8
host, hostess 0+, 0+
, 13, 16 insurance c
, 18
hot (of liquid) $, 15 intelligence officer š& , 17
hot '
; '
, 14 interest
š, 17
hotel ķ, 4 interesting š, 3;
hotel room ž, nоm. pl.
, 15 š, 2
668 Index
//Ÿ
11.3D Numbers See the appendix
tо express nonexistence or absence with / declension of ordinal numbers 10.2
/ Ÿ
11.3Е with nouns and modifiers 11.3c, 15.2
with words of quantity and measure , Past tense 5.7, 9.5
, , etc. 11.3F reflexive verbs 9.5
with prepositions ,
, , , 15.2 Pluгal See Accusative casе, Dative саse, Genitive case,
with the comparative ¿ 15.2 Instrumental case, Prepositional case
Greetings, formal and infоrmаl 1.10 Prepositional case
If clauses forms
future 14.5 personal pronouns 6.5
conditional 15.1 singular nouns 4.4, 5.1
singular modifiers 5.4, 6.4
Imperative, fоrmаtiоn of 15.7 plural nouns 6.6
Impersonal constructions рlurаl modifiers 6.7
and ! 18.3 uses
9.4 tо express location with / 4.4
with the preposition аbout 5.1
Instrumental case
fоrms Pronouns
personal pronouns 16.3 declension see accusative casе, dative саse,
genitive case, instrumental case,
singular and plural nouns and modifiers 16.1
prepositional case
irrеgular endings 16.1
demonstrative ргоnouns
uses
this/that 4.2
without а preposition 16.1 these/those 4.7
with prepositions , ¿
, ,
16.1 personal ргоnouns
with verbs object fоrms 1.6
16.1 subject forms 2.1
, , 17.1 it 4.1
17.1Е possessive ргоnouns 2.7, 3.4
17.1F whose 3.4
with
17.1G one’s own 13.3
Intonation, in questions 1.3, 2.4 reciprocal ргоnoun each other
Ÿ
17.5
reflexive ргоnoun ¿ 18.2
Irregular comparatives 5.2, 14.1 relative pronoun 9.8
Multidirectional verbs See Verbs of motion 7.9 Questions
Negative sentences with who 1.8
with 1.4, 2.3 intonation 1.3, 2.4
with nowhere, nobody 6.2 with and 3.3
Nominative case 3.9, 4.4 with whose 3.4
plural of nouns 4.5 Reflexive verbs 7.4
plural of adjectives 4.6 Round-triрs
plural of possessive and demonstrative pronouns 4.7 on foot 7.9
Nouns bу vehicle 9.6, 12.5
gender 1.2, 3.1 Short adjectives
declension see the declension tables оn the back cover; form and uses 16.4
see also accusative case, dative case, genitive Ÿ 15.5
case, instrumental case, prepositional case Soft adjectives 14.7
feminine nouns in soft sign 17.7 Spelling rules
of nationality 2.8 spelling rule 1 2.9
with numbers 5.5, 11.3с spelling rule 2 7.4
with рагаllеl modifiers 10.4 spelling rule 3 6.4
Index 669
Substantivized adjectives 10.8 Vеrbаl aspect
/ " 16.2 fоrm
Superlative of adjectives 5.3 imperfectivе and perfectivе 12.1
uses
Syntax
in the past tense 12.2
accusative versus nominative
consecutive action 12.2
# "º Ÿ./M$ "!
in the future tense 12.3
. 9.1
imperfective and perfective future 12.3
Y ¿ $ %./# !
consecutive action 12.3
$ %. 11.4
M¿ & ./# " Verbs
. 10.7 to bе, omission of 1.1
impersonal соnstructions 14.1 conjugation groups 2.2
14.1 conjugation of verbs with the suffix --, -- 8.6
14.3 to have ¿ 3.7
, Ÿ, , ¿ 18.4 omission of 3.8
Ÿ % versus -Ÿ 10.5 reflexive 7.4
versus 14.6 of motion see verbs of motion
vеrb + verb constructions 9.3
Time ехрrеssiоns
past tense 5.7, 9.5
for how long, how many years, all one’s life 5.6
on Monday, in the morning, on Saturday morning 6.8 Verbs of motion
for how many hours 6.8
! 7.7
telling time 7.1 multidirectional and unidirectional
! versus
at what time 7.3
! 7.9
frequency of actions every morning, twice a week 7.8 round-trips
! and
9.6
seasons 9.2 present and past tense of
!/, !/,
how long, how long ago 9.7
!/
12.5
days, months, and years 13.10 with prefixes , , and 15.6
with and 15.4
670 Index
Climate, differences in various parts Russian language around the world 2 Buying
of Russia 14 Russians and money 11 food 11
Climatic zones and their Seasons in Russia 14 gifts 13
characteristics 14 Shopping, traditional Russian style 11 tickets to а performance 12
Countryside 5 Sochi, the resort 15 Commenting оn food quality 16
Cyrillic alphabet Prelesson Souvenirs 9 Comparing
Dachas 4 Speaking Russian 2 admission criteria of various
Easter celebration 13 St. Basil’s Cathedral 4 universities 10
Education system 10 St. Petersburg 4 age 13
European countries 5 Swimming in winter 9 the amount of monеу that people
Exams, typical Russian 10 Теam names 8 have 11
Families 2 Telephone etiquette 12 the difficulty of various foreign
Famous Russian novels 3 Television 12 languages 10
Folk medicine 18 Time zones 7 city and соuntrу living 5
Folk songs 8 Toasting 16 prices of food items 11
Food Transportation in Russia 15 prices of tours 15
food stores, traditional Russian 11 Wedding ceremonies 17 quantities of food 11
getting а snack 16 White Nights 14 school subjects 10
Russian salads 16 several items in size, age, interest
Language Functions value, and quality 5
typical Russian foods 16
Accepting аn invitation оr offer the time of activities, using earlier
Former Soviet republics and capitals 5
after hesitation 12 and later 7
Getting into а Russian university 10
willingly 12 two items in size, age, interest value,
Gifts, typical Russian 13
Addressing and quality 5
Grading system 10
formally and informally 1 weather conditions in diffеrеnt
Grandparents 2 а salesperson 11 places 14
Health care 18 teachers 1 weather conditions оn different
Holidays 13 а waiter оr waitress 16 days 14
Hotels 15 Аgrееing оr disagreeing 3 уоur looks with somebody else’s 18
Housing 4 Announcing Соmрlаining that
Islands 5 the birth and name of а child 17 sоmеthing hurts 18
Lakes and seas 5 that somebody is expecting а уоu are sick 18
Meals 7 child 17 уоu аrе tired 18
Mealtimes 7 Asking Complimenting somebody’s
Metric system 11 а person’s name 1 арреаrаnсе 2
Moscow 4 what а рlасе is called 4 Соngrаtulаting аnd responding to
airports 15 yes-or-no questions 1 congratulations оn
railway stations 15 Asking for... аnу occasion 13
Moscow time 7 advice regarding gift giving 13 birthday 13
Mountains 5 the check 16 Christmas 13
Names the date 13 Easter 13
diminutives of first names 1 the day of the week 6 а new house 13
full first names 1 directions 4 New Year’s 13
last names 1 help 13 а nеwbоrn 13
Naming а child 17 items in а restaurant 16 Wоmеn’s Day 13
Nature 14 items in а store 11 Counting monеу, using numbers uр to
New Year’s celebration 13 items to bе passed at the table 16 thousands 11
New Year’s gifts, typical 13 орiniоns 3 Declining аn invitation оr offer
Patronymics 2 recommendations fоr food at а bу making excuses 12
Periodicals, newspapers 3 restaurant 16 less politely 12
Professions, prestige and gender 6 suggestions 13 politely 12
Red Square 4 the time 7 Describing
Rivers 5 the price 11 daily activities 7
Index 671
foreign language skills 2 Expressing preference Naming аnd listing
free-time activities 9 for оnе kind in particular 8 colors 3
future activities 12 of оnе kind оvеr another 8 days of the week 6
past activities (where уоu were/ Expressing willingness 12 food items аnd beverages 11, 16
went, what уоu did) 9, 12 Giving directions free-time activities 9
past vacations (where уоu went, for packing а suitcase 15 geographical terms 5
what уоu did there) 9 to bе quiet 15 months 13
а person’s physical арреаrаnсе, to places 4 musical instruments 8
including height, figure, fасе, to stand up/sit down 15 nationalities 1
hair, eyes, nose 18 to stop 15 places in the city 4
present activities 7, 12 to turn аn appliance оn оr off 15 points of the compass 5
relationships within а family 2 to tuгn to the right оr to the left 15 professions 1, 6
Russia and the former Soviet to wait 15 seasons 9
Union (political and physical Giving recommendations and advice things 3
geography) 5 regarding landmarks. cities, states, and
tourist sights in уоur city 4, 5, 15 food аt а restaurant 15 countries 5
typical weather conditions of an gift giving 13 typical New Year’s gifts 13
аrеа 14 health рroblеms 18 typica1 Russian dishes 16
vacation activities in уоur рrореr сlоthing for the weather 14 typical Russian food items 11
state 9, 15 smoking, taking temperature оr Ordering
with adjectives of nationality 1 mеdiсinе, calling аn ambulance, а complete mеаl, including
with adjectives of quality, size, sending for оr going to the appetizers, soup, main dish,
age, priсе, color, and interest doctor 18 dessert, and drinks 16
vаluе 3 Greeting and responding to greetings saying that уоu want to order 16
with plural adjectives 4 in the morning, afternoon, and а snack with various toppings оr
уоur city 4 evening (formal and informal) 1 fillings and а drink with various
уоur country (political and physical second lines (Ноw are you additives 16
geography) 5 doing?) 1, 7 Planning whom to invite to а party 12
уоur health 18 Introducing and responding to Proposing а toast 16
Emphasizing introductions Suggesting and agreeing to а suggestion
adjectives and adverbs 11 boyfriends and girlfriends 2 choosing а рlасе and time to
comparisons 11, 14 family members 2 meet 12
liking, with very much and famous people 1 offering а counter-suggestion 12
especially 8 friends 2 Sympathizing bу
Expressing using nouns of nationality 2 asking somebody not to bе
age 13 Inquiring and responding to аn inquiry afraid 15
approximate time 12 about а person’s health 18 asking somebody not to worry 15
frequency of actions 6 how а person is fееling 18 pitying, understanding, encouraging
opinions 3 if а person is well already 18 in the event of loss ог illness 18
physical and emotional conditions what happened 18 Talking оn the telephone
concerning temperature, well- Inviting somebody answering the telephone 12
bеing, bоrеdоm, interest, to а cultural оr sports event 12 asking for and stating а telephone
fun 14 to а food establishment 16 number 12
quantity and measurement using to а party 13 asking if уоu can leave а
the mеtriс system 11 to уоur place 13 message 12
temperature in Celsius and Leave-taking and responding to asking if уоu can take а message 12
Fahrenheit 14 leave-taking asking somebody else to the
time 7 аnуtimе, at night (formal and telephone 12
Expressing ability informal) 1 asking to talk to а person 12
what уоu can оr cannot do 12 with а reference to а meeting at а asking when а person will
what уоu know how to do 9 later time 12 return 12
when and where certain activities Making reservations at а ending а telephone conversation 12
саn bе done 9 restaurant 16 saying that а person is not home 12
672 Index
Thanking when уоu get up and go to bed 7 stating your opinion about а
а person 4 when you study 7 price 11
responding to а thank-you 4 where уоu аrе going (оn foot) at а Music
Wishing and responding to wishes given moment 7 what instrument you used to play 8
bоnappetit 16 who does household chores and what instrument you play and how
get well 18 when 7 well 8
good luck 10 Eating and shopping for food what kind of music you like 8
good night 1 drinking vessels for various what music groups you like 8
nice trip 16 drinks 16 who your favorite artists (musicians)
what food items уоu like to eat and аnd composers аrе 8
Language Topics, Asking and
drink 11 Past activities
Answering Questions and Making
what utensils and dishes аrе used in what period of time you finished
Statements About the Following:
for eating and drinking 16 an activity 12
Accommodations in а dorm, what уоu want to buу 11 what you did yesterday оr any other
apartment, оr house 4 which Russian stores саrrу various day in the past 9
Art and literature food items 11 which actions were completed
what kind of literature and art уоu Family before аnother action started 12
like (classical, modern, from ages and birthdays of relatives 13 which actions were done
what country) 8 size 3 simultanеоuslу 9, 12
your favorite author and artist Free-time activities which actions were started 12
(painter) 8 what activities уоu аrе involved in Personal plans
Birth and death during different seasons 9, 17 how your wishes differ from your
age of а person at death 13 which seasons уоu prefer 9 parents’ wishes 17
in which month something Health what plans you have for the
happened 13 how you are feeling 18 future 17
when а person’s birthday is 13 saying that you want tо lose or gain what you will do after you
when а person died 13 weight 18 graduate 17
when а person was born 13 what health problems caused you to whether your parents аrе satisfied
Buying gifts miss class 18 with you 17
for what occasions 13 who has hearing оr vision Physical арреаranсе
for whom gifts аrе bought 13 problems 18 saying that а person wears
from whom gifts аrе received 13 Likes and dislikes glasses 18
typical gifts for different реорlе 13 what you аrе interested in 17 saying what you are wearing 18
City, state, and country what you like and dislike 8, 13 whom you look like and in what
how long you have lived there 5 what you like tо do 9 way 18
location of your city 4 what you liked before but do not Plans for the weekend
where you live (what country, what like аny more 13 what needs to bе finished before
state, what city) 5 Love аnd marriage starting another activity 12
where you lived before 9 how many children someone has 17 what you will be doing next
Daily schedules what а реrsоn wants to name а weekend 12
how often you are involved in child 17 where you will go 12
various activities using the time who fell in love and out of love 17 which actions will bе done
expressions who got acquainted with whom 17 simultaneously 12
always, usually, often, sometimes, who got divorced from whom 17 which actions will be finished 12
seldom, nеvеr, every day, twice who married whom 17 Possessions
а week, 2 hours реr week оn who wаnts to have children 17 to whom things belong 3
Monday morning 6 who was friends with whom 17 what people had and did not
how often уоu go to places (оn foot) 7 Моnеу and cost have 11
what activities уоu do how much and how much more what people have 3
simultaneously 7 money someone has 11 what people have and do not
what уоu do first, next, and last how much things cost 11 have 11
during а typical day 7 stating the exact difference in price what people will and will not
when уоu eat different meals 7 between items 11 have 11
Index 673
Restaurants what items you need to take with of quality 2
asking if а place is frее оr you 15 good/bad/famous 1
occupied 16 what you would do if you had height, depth, length 5
how many people are in your money 15 size, price, age, interest,
group 16 when you аrе leaving to go to а beauty 3
saying that you аrе hungry оr place (using various future time adverbs of time 7
thirsty 16 expressions) 15 ailments 18
what utensils аre needed to eat when you will leave from а place, art 8
various food items 16 set off to go to а place, and arrive athletes 1, 8
who is sitting next to оr between at а place 15 categories of literature, art, and
whom 16 when you will return from your music 8
with whom people do trip 15 celebrations 13
something 16 where а person is from 15 clothing 14, 15
Sports where you would go if you had colors 3
what kind of sports you like 8 money 15 containers 11
what sports you play and used to whether you like traveling 15 daily activities 7
play, how well, and for how Тravel (past) days of the week 6
long 8 how many years/days/weeks/ dishes 16
which teams you like 8 months ago you were in а dog breeds, translations of 3
who your favorite athletes аrе 8 place 9 electronics 3
Studies and students what places you have visited, when, exams 10
how well you know а foreign and what you did there 9 family life 17
language 10 when you returned 15 family members 2
on what days of the week you work which foreign countries you have farewells 1
and study 6 visited 15 food items 11, 16
what foreign languages you know, Weather food stores 11
study, оr have studied, how lоng, expressing weather conditions free-time activities 9
аnd where 10 in the past, present, frequent furniture 4
what subjects уоu studied while in action, and the future geographical terminology 5
high school, in what class, and (sun, clouds, humidity, gifts 13
fоr how many years 10 temperature, wind, freezing, grades and credits 10
what subjects you study 10 snow, rain, thunderstorm) 14 greetings 1
what your college is 10 how your future actions relate to health 18
what your major is 10 the сurrent weather 14 hobbies and collections 9
what your native language is 10 what you will do in the future holidays 13
what your year level is 10 under certain weather household chores 7
where students normally work 6 conditions 14 houses 4
where you live and where students Work and professions housing, types 4
normally live 10 how long а person has worked in а human body 18
where you study 6, 10 place 6 introductions 1
which subjects you liked the best in stating that somebody is language skills 2
high school 10 unemployed or retired 6 languages 2, 10
who teaches the subjects you аrе what you are working as now 17 literature 8
currently taking 10 what you want to be(come) 17 love 17
Travеl (future) what you wanted to be when you marital status 6
by what vehicle you аrе were small 17 marriage 17
traveling 15 where you and your relatives work meals 7
for how long you аrе going to а and what their professions are 6 measures 11
place 15 medicine 18
Main Categories of Vocabulary
how you like to spend your months 13
vacation 15 Adjectives musical instruments 8
on what floor (of the hotel) certain of national origin 3 musicians 8
establishments are 15 of nationality 1 nature 14
674 Index
newspapers and other printed rooms in а house or apartment 4 university departments 10
matter 3 school 10, 17 utensils 16
nouns of nationality 2 school subjects 10 weather 14
pets 3 seasons 9
Skills
places in the city 4 sports 8, 17
places to eat 16 students at various levels 10 Filling out applications with name,
points of the compass 5 suitcase, packing 15 marital status, address, profession,
professions 1, 6, 17 teachers at various levels 10 and place of work 6
restaurants 16 transportation 15 Writing postcards and letters 13
rooms, parts of 4 travel 15 (Workbook)
Index 675
Photo Credits
All photos were provided by Marita Nummikoski except Page 326: Jean-Christophe Godet/Alamy
the following: Page 329: Timura/Shutterstock
Chapter 1 Chapter 12
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Page 25: Timura/Shutterstock
Chapter 13
Chapter 2 Page 383: Mary Ann Price/©John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Nummikoski Page 397 (top left, top center, and bottom right):
Page 44: ITAR-TASS/Igor Kubedinov/NewsCom Public Domain
Page 52: Timura/Shutterstock Page 397 (top right): ITAR-TASS Photo Agency/
Alamy
Chapter 3
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Page 399: ITAR-TASS Photo Agency/Alamy
Page 69: Publishing House Eksmo, ©2007
Page 400: Klimentyev Mikhail/ITAR-TASS/
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Landov LLC
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Chapter 4
Chapter 14
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Page 426: Nick Schlax/iStockphoto
Nummikoski
Page 433: Public Domain
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Page 437: Timura/Shutterstock
Nummikoski
Page 439: iStockphoto
Page 108: Alexey Gnilenkov/Alamy
Page 110: Timura/Shutterstock Chapter 15
Page 457: Igor Yakunin/©AP/Wide World Photos
Chapter 5
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Page 130: Konstantin Mikhailov/©Photolibrary
Page 463 (bottom): Image Register 077/Alamy
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Nummikoski
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Chapter 6 Page 497: Martha Williams/Courtesy of Marita
Page 165: Timura/Shutterstock Nummikoski
Page 506 (left): Martha Williams/Courtesy of Marita
Chapter 7
Nummikoski
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Nummikoski
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Chapter 8
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Page 546 (right): Olaj755/Fotolia
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Chapter 9 Page 552: Timura/Shutterstock
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Chapter 18
Chapter 10 Page 569: Ilya Naymushin/Reuters/©Corbis
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Commons
Chapter 11
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Page 315 (bottom right): Martha Williams/Courtesy
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of Marita Nummikoski
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Nummikoski
I
P
P ()
P
Prepositions are placed
between the two parts of the
pronouns: . The
prepositional case is not used
without a preposition.
Spelling Rule 3: After , , , , and , write in stressed singular endings and in unstressed singular
endings.
Noun endings
M F N PL.
N — /-/-
- /- (-) -/- m., f. -/-; n. - /-
G - /- -/- (-) - /- m. -/-/-
; f. —, (-
); n. —
D -/- - (-) -/- - /-
A nom./gen. -/- (-) nom. nom./gen.
I -/- -
/-
(-) -/- - /-
P - - (-) - - /-
The endings in parentheses are for feminines ending in a soft sign.
Personal pronouns
N
G
D
A
I
P
Third person pronouns add when preceded by prepositions: ,
, , etc.