UNIT 12 ABOUT TIME!

WHAT IS A
DETERMINER?
 A DETERMINER IS A WORD WHICH IS USED AT THE BEGINNING OF A NOUN GROUP TO 
INDICATE WHICH THING YOU ARE REFERRING TO OR WHETHER YOU ARE REFERRING
TO ONE THING OR SEVERAL. THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF DETERMINERS.
1 THE FIRST KIND IDENTIFY THINGS.
ARTICLES A/AN, THE
POSSESSIVES MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, ITS, OUR,
THEIR
THIS, THAT, THESE,
DEMONSTRATIVES
THOSE
2 THE SECOND KIND ARE QUANTIFIERS.
SOME, ANY, NO (A) FEW, FEWER,
EITHER, EVERY, NEITHER FEWEST
MUCH, MANY, MORE, ENOUGH, SEVERAL
MOST ALL, BOTH, HALF
(A) LITTLE, LESS, LEAST ANOTHER, OTHER
 EACH AND
EVERY
1 EACH AND EVERY ARE USED WITH SINGULAR NOUNS. EACH CAN BE USED TO TALK ABOUT
TWO OR MORE PEOPLE OR THINGS. EVERY IS USED TO TALK ABOUT THREE OR MORE.
EACH/EVERY STUDENT IN THE CLASS PASSED THE EXAM.

EACH GUEST BOUGHT A GIFT. EVERY GUEST BOUGHT A GIFT.

(=POSSIBLY ONLY TWO GUESTS) (=THREE OR MORE GUESTS.)

2 IN MANY CASES, THERE IS LITTLE DIFFERENCE IN MEANING. WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE

BETWEEN THESE SENTENCES?

EACH EMPLOYEE ASKED FOR A RAISE.

WE ARE THINKING OF THEM SEPARATELY, ONE AT A TIME.
EVERY EMPLOYEE ASKED FOR A RAISE.
WE ARE THINKING OF THEM ALL TOGETHER AS A GROUP.
 ENOUGH
1 WHEN ENOUGH IS USED AS A DETERMINER, IT COMES BEFORE A NOUN.
HAVE YOU GOT ENOUGH MONEY?
WE’VE WATCHED ENOUGH TELEVISION TONIGHT.

2 WHEN USED AS AN ADVERB, IT COMES AFTER THE ADJECTIVE, ADVERB OR VERB.

I’M NOT TALL ENOUGH. ADJECTIVE
YOU DON’T SPEAK CLEARLY ENOUGH. ADVERB
HE DOESN’T EAT ENOUGH. VERB
MAKE THE SENTENCES, ADDING ENOUGH IN THE CORRECT POSITION.
1 SHE / DRINK / WATER / ? DOES SHE DRINK ENOUGH WATER?
2 YOU / NOT BE / OLD YOU AREN’T OLD ENOUGH.
 ARTICLES (A /
THERE ARE MANYAN)
THE USE OF ARTICLES IS COMPLEX. HERE ARE THE BASIC RULES, BUT
SMALL RULES AND EXCEPTIONS.
A/AN
1 WE USE A/AN TO REFER TO A SINGULAR COUNTABLE NOUN WHICH IS
INDEFINITE. EITHER WE DON’T KNOW WHICH ONE, OR IT DOESN’T
MATTER WHICH ONE.
HE’S GOT A NICE CAR.
I’VE JUST READ AN INTERESTING ARTICLE.

2 WE USE A/AN WITH PROFESSIONS.

HE’S AN ARCHITECT.
I’M A DOCTOR.
 ARTICLES
(THE)
1 WE USE THE BEFORE A SINGULAR OR PLURAL NOUN, WHEN BOTH THE
SPEAKER AND THE LISTENER KNOW WHICH NOUN IS BEING REFERRED
TO.
THE KEYS ARE ON THE TABLE IN THE HALLWAY.
I HAVE TO GO TO THE BANK.
HAVE YOU SEEN THE NEW SUPERMARKET IN TOWN?
2 WE USE THE WHEN THERE IS ONLY ONE.
THE SUN THE SAHARA
THE SKY THE NORTH POLE
3 WE USE THE FOR CERTAIN PLACES WHICH ARE INSTITUTIONS.
WE’RE MEETING AT THE AIRPORT.
 “A” FOLLOWED BY
“THE”
WE USE A TO INTRODUCE SOMETHING FOR THE FIRST TIME. WHEN WE
REFER TO IT AGAIN, WE USE THE.

I ATE A STEAK AND A BAKED POTATO FOR DINNER. I REALLY ENJOYED

THE STEAK, BUT THE BAKED POTATO WAS COLD.

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT ARTICLE (A/AN OR THE).

THE MOON WAS VERY BRIGHT LAST NIGHT.
1 __________
THE KITCHEN DOOR?
2 COULD YOU OPEN __________
A
3 CARLA HAS BOUGHT __________ A
HOUSE IN __________ SMALL VILLAGE.
THE VILLAGE IS CHARMING.
I THINK __________
AN
4 MY GRANDFATHER WAS __________ ENGINEER.
 ZERO
1 WE USE NO ARTICLE WITH PLURAL AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS WHEN
TALKING ABOUT THINGSARTICLE
IN GENERAL.
LIFE IS VERY STRESSFUL NOWADAYS. DO YOU LIKE DOGS?
VEGETABLES ARE GOOD FOR YOU. COFFEE KEEPS ME AWAKE.

2 WE USE NO ARTICLES WITH MEALS.

LET’S HAVE LUNCH TOGETHER.
BUT
I HAD A GREAT LUNCH AT THE NEW CAFÉ.
COMPLETE THE SENTENCE WITH THE CORRECT ARTICLE OR NO ARTICLE
(-). A
1 OUR LOCAL PUB(-) SERVES ______ GOOD ENGLISH BREAKFAST.
2 I DON’T LIKE ______ CHOCOLATE.