FACULTAD DE CIENCIA DE

SALUD
TECNOLOGÍA MÉDICA CON ESPECIALIDAD EN
TERAPIA FÍSICA Y REHABILITACIÓN

INGLES

PRESENT PERFECT

DOCENTE:
NAVARRO DIAZ JESUS MIGUEL
SESIÓN N° 02
Affirmative Interrogative

 I  Have I/you/we/they worked?

 You have worked  Have I/you/we/they written?
 We have written  Has he/she/it worked?
Has he/she/it written?
 They 

 He Negative
 She has worked
➢ I/you/we/they haven’t worked
 It has written ➢ I/you/we/they haven’t written
➢ He/she/it hasn’t worked
➢ He/she/it hasn’t written
CONCEPT: WE USE P.P. FOR ACTIONS IN PAST BUT IT IS NEAR
TO THE PRESENT.

WE USE TWO AUXILIARIES:

VERBS: THE VERBS ARE DIVIDED IN TWO GROUPS:

1. IRREGULAR VERBS: WE CHANGE THE VERBS.

PRESENT SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT
DRINK
VERBS: THE VERBS ARE DIVIDED IN TWO GROUPS:

2. REGULAR VERBS: WE ADD D-ED-IED.

PRESENT SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT
LOVE
TIP:

IN SOME CASES WE HAVE IN THE LIST OF VERBS PAST

PARTICIPLE OR PRESENT PERFECT IN THE TITTLE.

PRESENT SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE

LOVE LOVED = LOVED
LIKED LIKED LIKED
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED
(A) YOU HAVE VISITED USA.
(N)

HAVE: I-YOU-WE-THEY HAVE NOT: HAVEN´T

HAS: HE-SHE-IT HAS NOT: HASN´T

TIP:

WE CAN USE EVER

TIP:

WE CAN USE EVER IN INTERROGATIVE.

HAVE YOU EVER

TIP:

WE CAN USE EVER IN INTERROGATIVE.

HAVE YOU
TIP:

WE CAN USE EVER IN INTERROGATIVE.

HAVE YOU EVER

JUST: WE USE JUST FOR RECEANT ACTIONS.
YET: WE USE YET FOR NEGATIVE OR INTERROGATIVE.
ALREADY: WE USE ALREADY FOR COMPLETED ACTIONS.
TIP: WE CAN USE CONTRACTIONS:

I HAVE : I´VE
YOU HAVE : YOU´VE
THEY HAVE : THEY´VE
WE HAVE : WE´VE
HE HAS : HE´S
SHE HAS : SHE´S
IT IS : IT´S
TIP: WE CAN USE CONTRACTIONS:

HE´S:
CREATE A SHORT CONVERSATION USING P.P. AND USE JUST,
ALREADY, EVER AND YET.

15 MINUTES

2 MEMBERS
 John’s car is dirty.
 He washes the car.
 He has washed the car.
 Marc is having lunch.
 He has just had lunch.
 We bought the house in 2000.
 We still live in the neighborhood.
 We have lived here for 15 years.
 We have lived here since 2000.
 He has flown a plane but he has never tried
bungee jumping.
 Have you ever travelled by plane?
 The children have tidied their room.
 Ever
 Never
 Just
 Already
 Yet
 For
 Since
 How long…?
 So far
 Lately/recently
 always
 I have already got  I haven’t done my
dressed. homework yet.

 Has Sarah called yet?

 “Mary has gone to London.
I miss her so much!”
 (=she is still there)
 I have been to=
I have gone and
come back
ANSWERS:
ANSWERS:
ANSWERS:
ANSWERS:
ANSWERS:
TWO MAJOR TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELL DISORDERS ARE
PROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS AND LEUKOPENIAS.

IN THE PROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS, THERE IS AN INCREASE IN

THE NUMBER OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS. THIS INCREASE IS
COMMONLY A REACTION DUE TO INFECTION, BUT MAY, LESS
COMMONLY, BE RELATED TO SOME TYPES OF CANCER.
IN LEUKOPENIAS, THERE IS A DECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF
WHITE BLOOD CELLS, WHICH CAN BE CAUSED BY CELLS BEING
DESTROYED BY AN ILLNESS OR BY OTHER CONDITIONS.
ONE PARTICULAR KIND OF LEUKOPENIA IS NEUTROPENIA,
WHICH MEANS THAT THERE ARE FEWER NEUTROPHILS IN THE
BLOOD. OUTSIDE CAUSES OF NEUTROPENIA INCLUDE
CHEMOTHERAPY, MEDICATIONS, TOXINS, AND VIRAL ILLNESS.
DISORDERS THAT CAN CAUSE NEUTROPENIA WITHIN THE BODY
INCLUDE DEFECTS IN BONE MARROW (WHERE ALL WBCS ARE
CREATED), OR CONDITIONS IN WHICH A PERSON IS BORN WITH
TOO FEW NEUTROPHILS.
BOTH LEUKOPENIA AND NEUTROPENIA CAN CAUSE DEFICIENCY
IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, WHICH CAN INCREASE RISK OF
INFECTION. TREATMENT OF LEUKOPENIA AND NEUTROPENIA
ARE AIMED AT THE UNDERLYING CAUSE OF THE CHANGE IN
CELL COUNTS.
AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS IN
CIRCULATION IS CALLED LEUKOCYTOSIS. LEUKOCYTOSIS CAN
BE CAUSED BY INFLAMMATION AND OTHER DISORDERS THAT
RESULT IN INCREASED BONE MARROW PRODUCTION (WHICH
LEADS TO GREATER PRODUCTION OF WBCS), TOO MANY WBCS
BEING RELEASED FROM BONE MARROW ALL AT ONCE, OR
DISORDERS THAT PREVENT WBCS FROM ATTACHING TO
TISSUES AND BEING ABSORBED BY THE BODY’S TISSUES.
ALL OF THE DISORDERS DISCUSSED ABOVE HAVE TO DO WITH
THE NUMBER OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS. OTHER DISORDERS
INCLUDE THOSE IN WHICH THE NUMBER OF WHITE BLOOD
CELLS IS NORMAL BUT THE CELLS DO NOT FUNCTION
NORMALLY. IF WHITE BLOOD CELLS FORM ABNORMALLY, IT
CAN AFFECT THEIR ABILITY TO PERFORM NORMAL FUNCTIONS
SUCH AS KILLING BACTERIA.

SPECIALIZED TESTING IS AVAILABLE THROUGH OUR CENTER TO

FURTHER DETERMINE WHAT THE TREATMENT WILL BE.
http://soundgrammar.com/learn/L4-CEFR-B1/L4-
07-Experiences.htm