BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY

Bahir Dar Institute of Technology

Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Control Engineering
Semester proposal on
Automatic Elevator Car Parking

Group Member Id.No

1. Yohannes Merha………………………….….0801459
2. Abebaw Maregu……………………………...0800327
3. Dawit Azanew……………………………..…0701567
4. Abenizer Abera………………………………..0800341

Advisor: Mr.Melaku October, 2019

Bahir Dar Ethiopia
Declaration
We are students of Bahir Dar University in Bahir Dar Institute of Technology (BIT), Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering. The information found in this proposal project is our
original work. And all sources of materials that will be used for project work will be fully
acknowledged.
Name Signature
1. Yohannes Merha __________________
2. Abebaw Maregu __________________
3. Dawit Azanew __________________
4. Abenizer Abera __________________

Date of Submission:
This project proposal has been submitted for examination with our approval as a university
adviser.
Project adviser Signature Date

Mr.Melaku ____________ _______________

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Executive Summary
Now a day’s vehicle parking is an important issue and day by day its necessity is increasing. In
Ethiopia we are still using the manual vehicle parking system and that is why we are facing
problems like wastage of time and fuel finding free space around the parking ground when we
need to park our car which requires a good amount of lighting. Another issue is chaos that
happens while parking because there is no particular system anyone can park anywhere that
sometime causes damage to the vehicles while moving out or in the parking lot. Security is also
an issue there.
To solve these problems we are introducing new car parking system. The system works as
follows: The driver will place the vehicle in front of the garage door and there will be a monitor
available where the number of available parking slots will be displayed. The user will have to
provide his mobile phone number and car’s registration number and the operator will give
command to open the gate, a car parking tray will come & will park the car in the garage. The
user will receive a SMS which will contain a code. After the car is parked a time counter will
count the amount of money to be deducted till the car is parked out. While parking out the driver
will have to provide the code to the operator at the exit gate. The user will receive a SMS stating
the amount to be paid. After paying the amount the car parking tray will park out the car using
the same process it was parked out.

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 Table Contents
Declaration..................................................................................................................................................i
Executive Summary...................................................................................................................................ii
Table Contents...........................................................................................................................................iii
List of Figure.............................................................................................................................................iv
List of Tables..............................................................................................................................................v
List of Acronyms.......................................................................................................................................vi
Chapter one................................................................................................................................................1
1. Background of the Project..............................................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Literature review.............................................................................................................................3
1.3 Problem Statements.........................................................................................................................4
1.4 Objective...........................................................................................................................................5
1.4.1 General objective......................................................................................................................5
1.4.2 Specific Objective:....................................................................................................................5
Chapter two...............................................................................................................................................6
2. System Methodology..........................................................................................................................6
2.1 Block Diagram.............................................................................................................................6
2.2 Flow Chart...................................................................................................................................8
Chapter three.............................................................................................................................................9
3. Scope and significance of the project...............................................................................................9
3.1 scope of the project......................................................................................................................9
Chapter four............................................................................................................................................10
4. Time schedule and cost analysis.....................................................................................................10
4.1 time schedule..............................................................................................................................10
4.2 material required.......................................................................................................................11
Reference..................................................................................................................................................12

List of Figure
Figure 1: automatic car parking...................................................................................................................2

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Figure 2 block diagram of the system.........................................................................................................6
Figure 3: Flow chart of the system...............................................................................................................7

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List of Tables
table 1: time schedule.................................................................................................................................9
table 2: Material required..........................................................................................................................10

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List of Acronyms
APS: AUTOMATED CAR PARKING SYSTEM
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display

CO2: Carbon dioxide

DC: Direct Current

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 Chapter one
1. Background of the Project
1.1 Introduction
Over the decades our country has been developed drastically, now we are in this state that we
have a lot of well contacted roads, commercial building and increasing number of automobiles.
While parking these automobiles in parking space we use the manual procedure of parking.
Which most of the cases is unplanned and lack of discipline due to this, people can park their
cars anywhere they want to, which creates a mess as people do not follow the particular cue most
of the time. As a result of this, a huge traffic jam takes place in that place. While parking in and
retrieving car due mismanagement cars can get dent by bumping with each other as there is lack
of sufficient space. This leads to arguments, fights among people which sometimes makes huge
traffic jam. This is also an economical loss as we need to repair our damaged car and also cars
consume extra fuel while parking in or out. Traffic jam is an issue here as it kills our precious
time. Due to this chaos in parking our valuable time gets wasted. It harms the students, office
going staffs and emergency patients to a great extent.

It also causes economical loss to commercial places like shopping malls, amusement parks as
people are more likely not to visit these places due to this parking hazard. As we are advancing
with time, the manual car parking system in commercial spaces is creating hurdle which is
causing wastage of time and some economic losses as well. Therefore we need a solution which
can overcome these problems. Here we are introducing Automated Parking Systems as a solution
of these problems as well as car parking system in commercial spaces is creating hurdle which is
causing wastage of time and some economic losses as well. Therefore we need a solution which
can overcome these problems. Here we are introducing Automated Car Parking Systems as a
solution of these problems as well as a replacement to the manual car parking systems at
commercial spaces. This system not only saves time and money, it can also earn money by
charging for parking spaces.
FIGURE 1: AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING

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1.2 Literature review
Over the years, car parking systems and the accompanying technologies have increased and
diversified. Car parking systems have been around almost since the time cars were invented. In
any area where there is a significant amount of traffic, there are car parking systems. Car parking
systems were developed in the early 20th century in response to the need for storage space for
vehicles. In the 1920s, forerunners of automated parking systems appeared in U.S.
A cities like Los Angeles, Chicago, New York and Cincinnati. Some of these multi-story
structures are still standing, and have been adapted for new uses. One of the Kent Automatic
Parking Garages in New York (now known as the Sofia Apartments) is an Art Deco landmark
that was converted into luxury condominiums in 1983. A system that is now found all over Japan
the “Ferris-wheel,” or paternoster system — was created by the Westinghouse Corporation in
1923 and subsequently built in 1932 on Chicago’s Monroe Street.
The Nash Motor Company created the first glass enclosed version of this system for the Chicago
Century of Progress Exhibition in 1933, and it was the precursor to a more recent version, the
Smart Car Towers in Europe. Automated (car) parking system APS saw a spurt of interest in the
U.S. in the late 1940s and 1950s with the Bowser, Pigeon Hole and Roto Park systems. In 1957,
74 Bowser, Pigeon Hole systems were installed, and some of these systems remain in operation.
However, interest in APS in the U.S. waned due to frequent mechanical problems and long
waiting times for patrons to retrieve their cars. Interest in APS in the U.S. was renewed in the
1990s, and there are 25 major current and planned APS projects (representing nearly 6,000
parking spaces) in 2012.
While interest in the APS in the U.S. languished until the 1990s, Europe, Asia and Central
America had been installing more technically advanced APS since the 1970s. In the early 1990s,
nearly 40,000 parking spaces were being built annually using the paternoster APS in Japan. In
2012, there are an estimated 1.6 million APS parking spaces in Japan. The ever-increasing
scarcity of available urban land (urbanization) and increase of the number of cars in use
(motorization) have combined with sustainability and other quality-of-life issues to renew
interest in APS as alternatives to multi-story parking garages, on-street parking and parking lots.

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1.3 Problem Statements
The main problem of increase of car numbers is:

 Parking of cars in a parking area is becoming a difficult task as the number of cars
increases while the number of parking spaces is finite.
 People spend a certain amount of time looking for parking space and thus traffic slows
down and cause congestion.
 The information of available parking spaces is not readily available to the people looking
for parking spaces.

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1.4 Objective
1.4.1 General objective
 Automatic Elevator Car Parking

1.4.2 Specific Objective:

 Design an efficient parking system to provide statistical information and enhance the
security of utility.
 Saving people‘s time in finding parking lots.
 Learn about energy impact on environment and our role as engineers to offer
solutions;
 Providing informative guidance to the user to conveniently reach the destined parking
slot.
 To avoid the problem of traffic congestion and efficient parking in malls and
multiplexes. It also ensures that the car enters the parking area only if there is a vacant
slot available, thus reducing delays and unnecessary in convenience to the people while
parking. The system also provides sound enabled direction guidance to the user on entry
to the parking with security ensured by keeping a track of the number plate.
 saving energy of automobiles which in turns reduces CO2 emissions and other
harmful gases; which increase well and suitable better green environment.

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 Chapter two
2. System Methodology
2.1 Block Diagram
A block diagram is a technical flow chart with highly structured form to present an overview of
key process participants and major process steps of a system. It is a representative to the
relationships and interfaces involved. The arrows in the diagram above indicate the associations
between participators. The block diagram shown below identifies how the Arduino connected
with others devices.

FIGURE 2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

IR Sensor
LED emits infrared radiation. This radiation illuminates the surface in front of LED. Surface reflects the
infrared light. Depending on reflectivity of the surface, amount of light reflected varies. This reflected
light is made incident on reverse biased IR sensor. When photons are incident on reverse biased
junction of this diode, electron-hole pairs are generated, which results in reverse leakage current.
Amount of electron-hole pairs generated depends on intensity of incident IR radiation. More intense
radiation results in more reverse leakage current. This current can be passed through a resistor so as to
get proportional voltage. Thus as intensity of incident rays varies s ensor

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Servo Motors
A servomotor is a rotary actuator that allows for precise control of angular position. It consists
of a motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback, through a reduction gearbox. It also
requires a relatively sophisticated controller, often a dedicated module designed specifically for
use with servomotors. The 9413D319 is Pittman digital standard servo world. This servo can be
programmed using our hand-held servo programmer such as Arduino software. It can be
configured to travel from 0° up to 180°. Servo speed is stated in seconds. Just as a car has a 0-60
mph time, a servo has a 0-60 degree time. The lower the 60 degree time, the faster the servo
operates. Its speed can be adjusted to be slow or fast using software such as Arduino software.
Arduino Leonardo
The Arduino Leonardo is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega32u4.It has 20 digital
input/output pins (of which 7 can be used as PWM outputs and 12 as analog inputs), a 16 MHz
crystal oscillator, a micro USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with
a USB cable or power it with AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Leonardo differs
from all preceding boards in that the ATmega32u4 has built-in USB communication, eliminating
the need for a secondary processor. This allows the Leonardo to appear to a connected computer
as a mouse and keyboard, in addition to a virtual (CDC) serial / COM port.
LCD Display
Nowadays 20x4LCD is application of very wide range. Now a day various manufacturers
basically adopt compatible IC with their different types for our project we use 20x4 modules. But
their characteristics are basically the same throughout. The main different of them are the display
size of character units.
Buzzer
The buzzer is one integrated electronic transducers, DC voltage supply, widely used in
computers, printers, copiers, alarm, electronic toys, automotive electronic equipment, telephones,
timers and other electronic products for sound devices
Pushbutton
Pushing a button causes wires under the button to be connected, allowing current to flow. When
the button isn’t pressed (called closed), no current can flow because the wires aren’t touching
(called open).

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 2.2 Flow Chart
Flow chart is a standardized visual representation of a logic sequence or a manufacturing
process to provide a common reference for dealing with our project.
Is parking
available Yes The gate open and car
Start enter

No
If drivers want lift
to move The slot indicators shows
open space
No
Yes

Slot closed and timer

Slot closed and timer
start count its duration
start count its
duration

Drivers come Timer stop Press pushbutton

out

Operators receive money

Finish
Exist servo opens the gate by using IR
sensor

Figure 3: Flow chart of the system

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 Chapter three
3. Scope and significance of the project
3.1 scope of the project
This project helps us to overcome the problems over the decades with the development of our
country we’ve reached in a situation where the manual car parking system in commercial spaces
needs to be replaced. The manual car parking system is causing hurdle and chaos in parking
space, therefore resulting in wastage of time and some economic losses as well. Therefore
introducing Automated Car Parking Systems in commercial spaces can be replacement to the
manual car parking systems at commercial spaces. We can install this system in the places like:

 Office buildings
 Shopping Malls
 Hospitals
 Amusement Parks

In present days we are facing many problems with the existing car parking system. As we need
to park our car manually and there is no discipline in this process it creates a huge hurdle. People
can park their cars anywhere they want to, which creates a mess as people don’t follow a
particular cue most of the time. As a result of this a huge traffic jam takes place in that place.
While parking in and retrieving car due mismanagement cars can get dent by bumping with each
other as there is lack of sufficient space. This leads to arguments, fights among people which
sometimes create traffic jam. This is also an economical lose as we need to repair our damaged
car. This chaos also leads to cars consuming extra fuel. So by introducing the automated car
parking systems we can handle the mismanagement of parking space save time and recover
losses caused by the existing system and also earn money by charging money for car parking.

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 Chapter four
4. Time schedule and cost analysis
4.1 time schedule
TABLE 1: TIME SCHEDULE

NO ACTIVITY MONTH 1 MONTH 2 MONTH 3

week week Week

1 Select Project Title    

2 Writhing Proposal 

3 Gathering Information

4 Hardware Design

5 Documentation

6 Final Presentation

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4.2 material required
TABLE 2: MATERIAL REQUIRED

No Material Required Quantity Unit Price Total Price

1 IR sensors 6 80 480

2 Servo Motors 1 180 180

3 DC Motor 1 270 270

4 Pushbutton 1 20 20

5 Arduino Leonardo 1 900 900

6 20x4LCD 1 150 150

7 Buzzer 2 150 300

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Reference
1 Acme Innovation, Inc. Smart Parking Field Operational Test at Rock ridge BART. Acme
Innovation, Inc., 2006.
2. Communication News, 1996, a ‘fine’ solution. Communication News, September, pp. 16 -
17. E - Parking Homepage, 2006. E parking, Meteor Parking Ltd.
3. http://www.eparking.uk.com/start.asp. Accessed February 6, 2006.
4. Ferguson, E., 2000. Parking management and commuter rail: the case of north eastern Illinois.
Journal of Public Transportation 3(2), pp. 99 - 121.
5. Glohr, E., 2002. Lansing community college parking smart card trailblazer. The Parking
Professional, June, pp. 36 - 40.
6. Griffith, E., 2000. Pointing the way. IT’S International, March/April, p. 72.
7. Halleman, B., 2003. Europe’s space program… (Parking space, naturally). Traffic Technology
International, February/March 2003, pp. 46 - 49.

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