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Procedia Engineering 127 (2015) 1271 – 1277

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Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICCHMT – 2015
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.483
1272 T.Srinivas and A.Venu Vinod / Procedia Engineering 127 (2015) 1271 – 1277

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