C5-T1

Motor Branches Muscles Origin

Brachialis Hum: Distal half of anterior surf

Cap. Long: Tuberculum Infraglenoidale scapula

Triceps brachi Cap. Mediale: Distal sulcus radialis, septum interm med
Cap. Laterlae: Posterior humerus prox. To suclus radi

Anconeus Epicondylus lateralis humeri (posterior capsule)

Brachioradialis Cista supraepicondylaris humeri

Longus: Crista supraepicondylaris humeri

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis
Brevis: Epicondylus lateralis humeri

Olecranon, Epicondylus lateralis humeri, Lig. Collaterale

Supinator
Lig. Annulare radii

Extensor digitorum

Epicondylus lateralis humeri

Extensor digiti minimi

Cap. Long: Epicondylus lateralis humeri

Extensor Carpi Ulnuaris
Caput Ulna: Ulnar

Longus: Fascies dorsalis ulna and membr. Interos. Ante

Extensor Pollicis Longus and Brevis
Brevis: Fascies dorsalis radii and membr. Interos. Anteb

Extensor Indicis Fascies dorsalis ulna and Membrana interossea antebr

Abductor Pollicis Longus Fascies dorsalis ulna et Radii and Membrana inteross
 C5-T1 12 muscl LATERAL INFERIOR DELTOID PALPATION
Origin Insertion

Hum: Distal half of anterior surf Tuberositas Ulna

Cap. Long: Tuberculum Infraglenoidale scapula

Cap. Mediale: Distal sulcus radialis, septum interm medialis Olecranon Ulna
Cap. Laterlae: Posterior humerus prox. To suclus radialis

Epicondylus lateralis humeri (posterior capsule) Olecranon Ulna radial surface

Cista supraepicondylaris humeri Processus styloidius radii

Longus: Crista supraepicondylaris humeri Os metacarpale II

Brevis: Epicondylus lateralis humeri Os metacarpale III

Radius (tuberositas raddi and ins

Olecranon, Epicondylus lateralis humeri, Lig. Collaterale radiale
of m. Pronator Teres) or
Lig. Annulare radii
proximal radial shaft

aponeurosis dorsalis digitus II-V,

bases of middle and distal pha
langes of 2-5 fingers
Epicondylus lateralis humeri

Aponeurosis palmaris or dorsalis

Cap. Long: Epicondylus lateralis humeri

Os metacarpale V
Caput Ulna: Ulnar

Longus: Fascies dorsalis ulna and membr. Interos. Antebrachi Base of phlanx distalis pollicis
Brevis: Fascies dorsalis radii and membr. Interos. Antebrachi Base of phalanx proximalis pollicis

Fascies dorsalis ulna and Membrana interossea antebrachi Posterior digital extension of Digit II

Fascies dorsalis ulna et Radii and Membrana interossea Base of os metacarp. Pollicis
FERIOR DELTOID PALPATION
Innervation

Flexio of art. Cubiti Musculocut C5,C6

radiali C7, minor
Art humeri Caput Longum: Extension and
adduction
Art. Cubiti: extension C6-C8
extends elbow and tightens joint C6-C8
Art. Cubiti: Flexion
Forearm: Semipronation C5-C6
art cub: weak flexio C6-C7
wrist: extension, abduction C7-C8

supinatio of art. Radioulnaris

C6, C7

Wrist: extension
Extension of PIP DIP MTP, abduction of
digits II to V

wrist: extension, adduction

Digit 5: extension of all, abduction,

Wrist: extension, adduction

C7. C8
Longus: wrist: extension and abduction
art. Carpometac Pollicis: adduction
MCP MP thumb: Extension

Brevis: Art. Radiocarpal: abduction

art CMC and MCP pollicis: extension

wrist extensio and PIP DIP MTP of indicis

Art. Radioulnar: abduction of hand
Art. CMT: Abduction
From posterior cord of the brachial plexus at
the lower border of the pec minor.
Descend around the posterior aspect of
humrus in the musculospiral groove and
continues
to the radial aspect of the elbow. Passes
under th origin of the extensor carpi radialis
brevis and
it divides into a superficial and a deep
branch. The deep passes around the neck
of radius the superficial
is only sensory.

Crutch palsy
Saturday night palsy
 C6 _ T1
Motor Branches Muscles Origin
Caput Hum. Epicondylus medialis humeri
Pronator Teres
Caput Uln: Processus coronoidius

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Epicondylus Medialis Humeri
Palmaris Longus

Cap. Hum: Epicondylus Medialis Humeri

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Cap. Ulna: Processus coronoidius
Pronator Quadratus Distal quarter of Ulna

Flexor Pollicis Longus Radius mid anterior and membrana interossea

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (Radial Half) Ulna 2/3 of flexor surface and membrana interossea

Os Scaphoid, os trapezium,
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor retinaculum

Caput superficiale: Retinaculum flexorum (medianus)

Flexor Pollicis Brevis (caput superficialis)
Caput Profundum: Os capitatum, os trapezium(ulnaris)

329 atlas Opponens Pollicis Os trapezium

1st and 2nd Lumbricales Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus in palm (radial)
 11 muscl
gin Insertion Innervation Function
ylus medialis humeri Art. Cubiti: Weak flexion
Lateral Radius (distal to supin. Ins)
ssus coronoidius Forearm: Pronation
C6, C7
Base of Os metacarp II or III Wrist: Flexion, abduction
edialis Humeri Art. Cubiti: Weak Flexion
Aponeurosis Palmaris Wrist: Flexion tightens
C7, C8 aponeurosis palmaris
ylus Medialis Humeri Art. Cubiti: Weak flexion
Phalanges Mediales II_V
ssus coronoidius C8,T1+Ulnaris PIP,MCP, wrist: Flexion
ter of Ulna Distal quarter of radus C7, C8 Pronation, Radioulnar stabiliz
Wrist: Flexion, Abduction
d membrana interossea Phalanx Distalis Pollicis
C7, C8 CMC, MCP, IP: Flexion
and membrana interossea Phalanx Distalis II-V C8, T1 + Ulnaris flexes MCP and IP joints

os trapezium,
inaculum C8, T1 + Ulnaris CMP: abductio
base of proximal phlanx of thumb
culum flexorum (medianus)
atum, os trapezium(ulnaris)
C8, T1 + Ulnaris CMC: flexion
pezium Os metacarpal I CMC opposition

m profundus in palm (radial) Aponeurosis dorsali II and III MCP II+III: Flexion
c8, T1 DIP, PIP: extension

It courses the medial aspect of

the
humerus to the elbow, where it is
deep
in the cubital fossa under the
bicipital
aponeurosis, medial to the
tendon of
the biceps and brachial artery. It
then
moves into the forearm between
the two
heads of the pronator teres
muscle. To
enter the hand it passes through
the
carpal tunnel at the wrist with the
flexor tendons
 Sensory Branches

Atlas 328

medial fossa
 C7-T1
Motor Bran Muscles Origin
Cap. Humer: Epicondylus medialis humeri
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Cap. Ulnare: olecranon
Ulna (2/3 of flexor surface)
Flexor Digitorum Profundus (Ulnar Half)
membrana interosseous antebrachii

Palmaris Brevis flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis

abductor digiti minimi os pisiforme

flexor digiti minimi

hook of hamatum, retinaculum flexorium
opponens digiti minimi

Tendon of muscle flexor digitorum profund

3rd and 4th lumbricals
(Bipenate from medial and lateral sides)

1st: Os metacarp. I and II (adjacent side, 2/3)

Interosseus dorsalis
….II to III..

Os metac. II (fascies ulnaris)

Interosseus palmaris Os metac. IV (fascies radialis)
Os metac. V (radialis)

Cap. Transversum: metacarp III (facies palm)

adductor pollicis
Cap Obliquum: Os Capitatum, os metac. II and III

Cap. Superficiale: retinaculum flexorum

flexor pollicis brevis (caput profundus)
Cap. Profundum: os capitatum, os trapezium
C7-T1
Origin
Cap. Humer: Epicondylus medialis humeri
Cap. Ulnare: olecranon
Ulna (2/3 of flexor surface)
membrana interosseous antebrachii
flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
os pisiforme
hook of hamatum, retinaculum flexorium
Tendon of muscle flexor digitorum profund
(Bipenate from medial and lateral sides)
1st: Aponeurosis dorsalis of digit II and Prox phalanx II
1st: Os metacarp. I and II (adjacent side, 2/3)
….II to III..
Os metac. II (fascies ulnaris)
Os metac. IV (fascies radialis)
Os metac. V (radialis)
Cap. Transversum: metacarp III (facies palm)
Cap Obliquum: Os Capitatum, os metac. II and III
Cap. Superficiale: retinaculum flexorum
Cap. Profundum: os capitatum, os trapezium
11 mucles
Insertion
os pisiforme, hook of os hamatum
base of 5th os metacarpale
Phalanges distales digits II to V
skin of the palm
phalanx proximalis (ulnar base) and
dorsal digital expansion of dig V
phalanx proximalis V (base)
os metacarpale V (fascies ulnaris)
Aponeurosis dorsalis Digitus IV
Aponeurosis dorslais Digitus V
2nd: Apon. Dors. Of dig. III and prox phalax III
3rd: Apon Dors. Of dig. III and prox phal III
4th: Apon dors. Of dig Iv and prox phal IV
Aponeurosis dors. Phalax Prox II
>> >> IV
>> >> V
Thumb (base of phalanx proximal)
Medial cord of brachial plexus at the lower
border of
the pec minor and medial side of humerus. It
passes
between medial epicondyle of humerus and
the olecranon
ulna. The groove is covered be a fibrous
sheath, Cubital tunner.
It then passes between the humeral and ulnar
heads of the
flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, a possible
impingement site.
It enters the hand by the pisiform bone and
hook of the
hamate bone below volar carpal ligament and
palmaris brevis
muscle, Tunnel of Guyon.
 action Sensory Branches

flexion and adduciton of wrist C7-T1

atlas 329

flexes MCP and IP joints

C8, T1 + medianus
corrugates lateral skin
of the palm
Digiti minimi: Flexion,
abduction,
extension of PIP, DIP

Flexes the MCP of dig V

Draws metacarpal
in palmar position (opposition)

Art. MCP flexion

Art. PIP, DIP extension
C8, T1
Dig. II-V: Art. MCP flexion
Art. PIP, DIP: Extension and
abduction of II-IV

MCP flexion II,IV,V

PIP DIP extension Add. II
Abd. IV and V
Via os
CMP adductio
sesamoideum
MCP flexion
ulnaris
via os
sesamoideums CMP pollicis flexion
radialis

BETWEEN PIRIFORMIS AND HOOK OF HAMATUS

MOST COMMON INJURY
Sensory Branches
 C4-C5
Motor Branches Muscles Origin

levator scapulae Procc. Transversi of C1-CIV

Procc. Spinosi of CVI, CVII

rhomboideus minor and major
Procc. Spinosi of TI - TIV
 Insertion Actions Sensory Branches
Draws scapula medialy upward while moving
Angulus superior scapulae angulus inferior medially. Inclines neck to the
same side 322
Medial border of scapula above Steadies scapula, draw scapula medially
and below spina scapula upward
Sensory Branches
 C4-C6
Motor Branches Muscles Origin
supraspinatus Fossa supraspinata scapulae

infraspinatus Fossa infraspinata scapulae

4-C6
Origin Insertion
Fossa supraspinata scapulae
Humerus (tuberculum majus humeri)
Fossa infraspinata scapulae
 action Sensory Branches

abduction 322

ext. rotation

It travels through the suprascapular notch

a possible injury site. Under the transverse
scapular ligament or as it wings around
the spine of the scapula under the
spinoglenoid
ligament. Magee 325
 C5-C7
Motor Branches Muscles Origin

Coracobrachialis Processus coracoideus scapula

Cap. Long: tuberculum supraglenoidale scapulae

biceps brachii
Cap. Breve: proc. Coracoideus scapulae

brachialis Humerus (distal half of anterior surface)

C5-C7
Origin Insertion

Processus coracoideus scapula Crista tuberculus minoris

Cap. Long: tuberculum supraglenoidale scapulae

tuberositas radii
Cap. Breve: proc. Coracoideus scapulae

Humerus (distal half of anterior surface) Tuberositas Ulnae

Emerges from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus and

crosses the axilla with the median nerve it pierces and
innervates the coracobrachialis and then travels distally to
innervate the biceps and bracialis muscles.
It continues between these muscles to the flexor surface of
the elbow
after emerging from the deep fascia at the elbow,
it becomes the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
 Action Sensory Branches

flexion, adduction,
int. rotation C5-C6 327
Art. Cub: Flexion,
supination
Art. Humeri: Flexion,
stabilization,
adduction, int. rotation C5-C6
art. Cub: flexion C5-C6 + n.radialis C7, minor)

ateral cord of the brachial plexus and

with the median nerve it pierces and
cobrachialis and then travels distally to
e biceps and bracialis muscles.
n these muscles to the flexor surface of
the elbow
from the deep fascia at the elbow,
eral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
 C5-C7
Motor Branches Muscles Origin

Pars superior: costa 1-9

serratus anterior Pars intermedia: >> >>
Pars inferior: >> >>
 Insertion Action Sensory Branches
Entire Muscle: Draws scapula
laterally forward, elevates ribs
Scapula (margo medialis) when shoulder is fixed
Pars inferior: rotates scapula
laterally 322
Cord: fasciculus lateralis C5-C7, C8-T1
Motor Branches Muscles Origin

Pars clavic: clavicula (medial half)

Pars sternocostalis: Sternum and
pectoralis major
Cartilagines 1-6
Pars Abdominalis: Rectus sheath
Lateralis

Pectoralis major and Minor Minor: Costa III-V

Medialis
C8-T1
Origin Insertion

Pars clavic: clavicula (medial half)

Pars sternocostalis: Sternum and
Humerus (crista tuberculi majoris humeri)
Cartilagines 1-6
Pars Abdominalis: Rectus sheath

Minor: Costa III-V Proc. Coracoideus scapulae

 Action Sensory Branches

adduction, internal rotation, pars clavic and

sternocost. Flexion. Helps in respiration
C5-T1 326

Draws scapula downward cause inferior angle

to move posteromedialy, rotates glenoid inferiorly
Assists in respiration
 C5-C6
Muscles Origin

Inferior subscapularis Fossa subscapularis scapulae

Superior Subscapularis

teres major Angulus inferior scapulae

5-C6
Origin Insertion
Fossa subscapularis scapulae Humerus (tuberculum minus humeri)

Angulus inferior scapulae Humerus (crista tuberculis minoris)

 Action Sensory Branches

int. rotation 323

int. rotation, adduction, extension

 C5-C6
Motor Branches Muscles Origin

Pars clavic: Lateral one third of clavicula

deltoideus Pars acromialis: Acromion
Pars spinalis: Spina scapulae

teres minor Margo lateralis scapulae

5-C6
Origin Insertion

Pars clavic: Lateral one third of clavicula

Pars acromialis: Acromion Humerus (Tuberositas deltoidea)
Pars spinalis: Spina scapulae

Margo lateralis scapulae Humerus (tuberculum majus humeri)

From lateral and medial cord of brachial

plexus it passes laterally through the
axilla, sends a branch to the teres minor
muscle, and courses behind the surgical
neck of the humerus and innervates the
deltoid muscle and overlying skin
 Action Sensory Branches

external rotation,weak 324

adduction
stabilization of humerus

Most common injured in the

shoulder
and most common cause of
injury is
anterior dislocation of the
shoulder
or fracture of the neck of
humerus.
 C6-C8
Motor Branches Muscles Origin

Pars vertebralis: Procc. Spinosi T7-T12, fascia

thoracolumbaris
latissimus dorsi Pars scapularis: Angulus inferior scapulae
Pars costalis: Costa 9-12
Pars iliaca: Crista Iliaca (post 1/3)
6-C8
Origin Insertion

Pars vertebralis: Procc. Spinosi T7-T12, fascia

thoracolumbaris
Pars scapularis: Angulus inferior scapulae Humerus (crista tuberculi minoris)
Pars costalis: Costa 9-12
Pars iliaca: Crista Iliaca (post 1/3)
 Action Sensory Branches

Int. rotation, adduction. Extension, respiration

323
 L2-L4
Motor Branches Muscles Origin
Iliopsoas: Psoas minor Disci inervertebralis T12-L1

Psoas major As before and LI-L5 proc. Transversus

Iliacus Fossa Iliaca

Pectineus Pecten of pubis

Sartorius SIAS

Spina iliaca anterior inferior,

Quacdriceps femoris: Rectus femoris
acetabular roof of art. Coxae

Vastus Intermedialis Fascies anterior of femur

Labium medialle of linea aspera,

Vastus Medialis
linea intertrochanderica
Labium lateralle of linea aspera,
Vastus Lateralis
trochander major
2-L4
Origin Insertion
Disci inervertebralis T12-L1 Arcus iliopectineus
As before and LI-L5 proc. Transversus Trochander minor

Fossa Iliaca Trochander minor

Pecten of pubis Linea pectinea

SIAS Medial tuberositas tibia Pes anserinus

Spina iliaca anterior inferior,

acetabular roof of art. Coxae
Tuberositas Tibia (lig patela)
Fascies anterior of femur

Labium medialle of linea aspera, Both sides of tuberositas tibia

linea intertrochanderica on the condylus medialis and
lateralis (via the medial and
Labium lateralle of linea aspera, longitudinal retinacula patellae)
trochander major
 Function Sensory Branches
assist in upward rotation of pelvis

Art. Coxae: Flexion, ext. rotation

Bends trunk to the same,
Raises trunk from supine
Art. Coxae: Adduction, ext.rotation,
slight flexion. Stabilization in
saggital and coronal planes
Art. Coxae: Flexion, abduction, Ext.
rotation
Art. Genus: Flexion, internal rotation

Art. Coxae Flexion

Art. Genus Extension

L2-L4
Art. Genus: Extension

Rises from the 3 posterior divisions of lumbar plexus

It emerges from the lateral border of the psoas muscle
superior to the inguinal ligament and descends underneath
the ligament to the femoral triangle, lateral to the femoral
artery, to innervate the sartorius and quadriceps muscle
group.
 L2-L4
Motor Branches Muscles Origin
Outer surface of membrana obturatoria and
Obturatorius externus
its bony surface (tuber ischiadicum)

Adductor longus R. superior of os pubis

Adductor brevis R. inferior of os pubis

R.inferior of os pubis, R. os ischii, tuber

Adductor Magnus
ischiadicum

Gracilis R. inferior of os pubis

Pectineus Pecten of pubis

2-L4
Origin Insertion
Outer surface of membrana obturatoria and
Fossa trochanderica
its bony surface (tuber ischiadicum)

R. superior of os pubis
Labium medialle of linea aspera
R. inferior of os pubis

Pars Profunda: Labium mediale of

R.inferior of os pubis, R. os ischii, tuber linea aspera
ischiadicum Pars superficiale (tendinus insertion):
Tuberculum adductorium

R. inferior of os pubis Pes anserinus

Pecten of pubis Linea pectinea

 Function Sensory Branches
Art. Coxae: Adduciton, ext. rotation
Stabilization o pelvis in the sagittal
plane

Art. Coxae: Adductio, Flexion (up

to 70), extension (past 80 of flexion)

Art. Coxae: Adduciton, extensio, int.

rotation
Stabilization o pelvis in the sagittal and
coronal plane

Art. Coxae: Adduction, flexion

Art. Genus: Flexion, int.rotation

Art. Coxae: Adduction, ext.rotation,

slight flexion. Stabilization in
saggital and coronal planes

Enters the medial thigh via the

obturator
foramen and innervates the adductor
muscles.

Isolated injury to this nerveis rare,

although uterine pressure
and damage during labor may cause
the injury.
 L4-S3
Motor Branches Muscles Origin

Semitendinosus Tuber ischiadicum, Lig. Sacrotuberale

Semimembranosus Tuber ischiadicum

Cap. Longum:Tuber ischiadicum, Lig.

Biceps femoris Sacrotuberale
Cap. Brevis: Labium laterale of linea aspera

R.inferior of os pubis, R. os ischii, tuber

Adductor Magnus
ischiadicum
The largest branch of the sacral plexus is the sciatic nerve , the thickest and logest nerve in the bo
supplies the intire lower limb, except the anteromedial thigh. Actually two nerves (the tibial and co
fibular) wrapped in a common sheath, the sciatic nerve leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic no
courses deep to the gluteus maximus muscle and enters the posterior thigh just medial to the hip
(sciatic=of the hip). There it gives off motor branches to the hamstring muscles and to the adduc
magnus. immediately above the knee, the two divisions of the sciatic nerve diverge to the tibial
common fibular nerves.
4-S3
Origin Insertion

Tuber ischiadicum, Lig. Sacrotuberale Pes anserinus

Tuber ischiadicum Condylus medialis tibia, lig. Poplitea

Cap. Longum:Tuber ischiadicum, Lig.

Sacrotuberale Caput fibula
Cap. Brevis: Labium laterale of linea aspera

Pars Profunda: Labium mediale of

R.inferior of os pubis, R. os ischii, tuber linea aspera
ischiadicum Pars superficiale (tendinus insertion):
Tuberculum adductorium
he sciatic nerve , the thickest and logest nerve in the body. It
teromedial thigh. Actually two nerves (the tibial and common
sciatic nerve leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic notch. It
cle and enters the posterior thigh just medial to the hip joint
or branches to the hamstring muscles and to the adductoro
e two divisions of the sciatic nerve diverge to the tibial and
mmon fibular nerves.
 Function Sensory Branches

Art. Coxae: Long head=Extension,

stabilization of pelvis in the saggital
Art. Genus: Flexion, int. rotation

Art. Coxae: Long head=Extension,

stabilization of pelvis in the saggital
Art. Genus: Flexion, ext. rotation

Art. Coxae: Adduciton, extensio, int.

rotation
Stabilization o pelvis in the sagittal and
coronal plane
 It passes below or through piriformis. It is protected under the
gluteus maximus as it courses between the ischial tuberosity
and greater trochanter, although injury may occur in this region
with hip dislocation or reduction.
 L4-S1, L5-S2
Muscles Origin

Os Ilium (gluteal surface between linea glutea

n. Gluteus superior Gluteus medius
anterior and inferior)

L4-S1 Gluteus minimus Os Ilium below the origin of gluteus medius

Tensor Fascia Lata SIAS

Os sacrum (fascies posterior), Os Ilium

n. Gluteus inferior Gluteus Maximus (gluteal surface, pas posterior), fascia
thoracolumbaris, lig. Sacrotuberales

L5-S2
1, L5-S2
Origin Insertion

Os Ilium (gluteal surface between linea glutea

Trochander major (lateral surface)
anterior and inferior)

Os Ilium below the origin of gluteus medius Trochander major (anterolateral surface)

SIAS Tractus Iliotibialis

Os sacrum (fascies posterior), Os Ilium

Upper fibers: Tractus iliotibialis
(gluteal surface, pas posterior), fascia
Lower Fibers: Gluteal tuberosity
thoracolumbaris, lig. Sacrotuberales
 Function Sensory Branches

Abduction, stabilizes pelvis in

coronal plane
Anterior part: Int. Rotation, flexion
Posterior part: Ext. Rotation, extension

Tenses fascia lata

Art. Coxae: flexion, int. rotation, abduction

Art. Coxae: Extension, Ext. Rotation,

Stabilisation
in coronal and sagittal
Upper fibers: Abduction
Lower fibers: Adduction
 L4-S2
Muscles Origin
Peroneus Superficialis Fibularis Brevis Fibula (distal half of lateral surface)

Caput fibula, Fascies laterallis and margo

Fibularis Longus
anterior of fibula, septa intermuscularia

Fascies lateralis tibia (upper 2/3), Fascia cruris,

Peroneus Profundus Tibialis Anterior
membrana interossea

Longus: Caput fibula, fascies laterallis of fibuls,

condylus laterallis tibia, membrana interossea
Extensor digitorum longus and brevis
Brevis: Calcaneus (fascies dorsalis)

Longus: Fascies mediallis of fibula, interosseus

membrana
Extensor hallucis longus and brevis
Brevis: Calcaneus (fascies dorsalis)

Fibularis Tertius Distal 1/3 anterior surface of fibula

4-S2
Origin Insertion
Fibula (distal half of lateral surface) Tuberositas metatarsi V

Os cuneiform mediale (pas

Caput fibula, Fascies laterallis and margo
plantaris), Tuberositas ossis
anterior of fibula, septa intermuscularia
metatarsi I

Fascies lateralis tibia (upper 2/3), Fascia cruris, Os cuneiform mediale, Medial base
membrana interossea of metatarsi I

2nd to 5th toes at the aponeurosis

dorsalis and the base of phalanx
Longus: Caput fibula, fascies laterallis of fibuls,
distalis
condylus laterallis tibia, membrana interossea
2nd to 4th toes aponeurosis
Brevis: Calcaneus (fascies dorsalis)
dorsalis and base of phlanx
mediales

Longus: Fascies mediallis of fibula, interosseus 1 toe (aponeurosis dorsalis and

membrana the base of phalanx distallis)
1st toe (aponeurosis dorsalis and
Brevis: Calcaneus (fascies dorsalis) phalanx proximalis)

Dorsal surface of base of V

Distal 1/3 anterior surface of fibula
metatarsal
 Function Sensory Branches
Art.Talocruralis: Plantarflexion
Art. Subtalaris: Eversion
Art. Talocruralis: Plantarflexion
Art. Subtalaris: Eversion
Support the transverse arch
of the foot

Art. Talocruralis: Dorsiflexion

Art. Subtalaris: Inversion

Longus: Art. Talocruralis:

dorsiflexion, Art. Subtalaris:
Eversion, Extension of MTP and
IP of toes 2-5

Brevis: Extension of MTP and PIP

2-4

Art. Talocruralis: Dorsiflexion

Art. Subtalaris: Inversion and
eversion
Extends MTP and IP

Brevis: Extension of MTP of 1 toe

Art. Talocruralis: Dorsiflexion

Art. Subtalaris: Enversion

Discends from its point of origin, wraps around the head of the fibula
and then divides into superficial and deep branches. These
branches innervate the knee joint, skin of the lateral calf and dorsum
of the foot, and muscle of the anterolateral leg.

Pressure or force against the nerve around the head and neck of
fibula can cause neuropathy, including sensory changes and
weakness in the muscles of the anterior and lateral compartments of
the leg. Injury also occurs subsequent to fracture of the head of
fibula, from rupture of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee, or
from a tightly applied cast. FOOT FALLING ASLEEP

Injury to the deep peroneal nerve results in foot drop and

unopposed eversion during gait. Over time, pes valgus may
develop.

Nerve suralis lateralis comes form fibularis communis

 L4-S3
Motor Branches Muscles Origin
Gastrocnemius Femur epicondylus medialis lateralis

Caput fibula, Fascies posterior and margo

Soleus
posterior of fibula, Tibia

Membrara interossea, Fascies posterior

Tibialis posterior
of tibia and fibula
Tom
Epicondylus laterallis of femur, posterior horn of
Popliteus
lateral meniscus

Flexor digitorum longus Tibia (fascies posterior)

Dick

Fibula (fascies posterior distal 2/3), membrana

Flexor hallucis longus
interossea
Harry
4-S3
Origin Insertion Function
Art. Genus: Flexion
Femur epicondylus medialis lateralis
Art. Talocruralis: Plantarflexion
Tuber calcanei via calcanei tendon
Caput fibula, Fascies posterior and margo
Art. Talocruralis: Plantarflexion
posterior of fibula, Tibia

Plantarflexion, Invesion, Supports

Membrara interossea, Fascies posterior Tuberositas ossis navicularis,
the longitudinal and transverse
of tibia and fibula Ossa cuneiform, Ossa metatarsi II-IV
arches

Epicondylus laterallis of femur, posterior horn of Tibia (fascies posterior above the Art. Genus: Int. rotation, flexion,
lateral meniscus origin of soleus) stabilization of the knee

Plantarflexion, inversion,
Tibia (fascies posterior) Phalanx distalis 2-5
Flexion of MTP and IP 2-5

Fibula (fascies posterior distal 2/3), membrana Plantarflexion, inversion,

Phalanx distalis base I
interossea Flexion of MTP and IP I

Courses through the popliteal fossa and suppli

posterior compartment muscles of the leg and sk
posterior calf and sole of the foot. In the vicinity
knee, the tibial nerve gives off the sural nerve,
serves the skin of the posterolateral leg, and at t
the tibial nerve divides into the medial and latera
nerves which serve most of the foot.

TOM DICK AND HARRY- Tarsal tunnel synd

And= Tibial Artery, Tibial Nerve
Nerve suralis mediales comes from Tibial nerve
 Sensory Branches

S1-S2

popliteal fossa and supplies the

muscles of the leg and skin of the
e of the foot. In the vicinity of the
gives off the sural nerve, which
osterolateral leg, and at the ankle
into the medial and lateral plantar
serve most of the foot.

ARRY- Tarsal tunnel syndrome

comes from Tibial nerve

 L4-S2
Muscles Origin

Abductor hallucis Tuber calcanei (proc. Medialis)

Plantaris Medialis

Flexor digitorum brevis Tuber calcanei aponeurosis plantaris

L4-L5
Os cuboideum, Os cuneiform lateralle,
Flexor hallucis brevis (caput mediale)
lig. Calcaneocuboideum plantare

Lumbricales pedis I Flexor digitorum longus tendon of 2nd metacarpal

Os cuboideum, Os cuneiform lateralle,

Plantaris Lateralis Flexor hallucis brevis (caput laterale)
lig. Calcaneocuboideum plantare

Quadratus Plantae Tuber calcanei (medial and plantar borders)

S1-S2

Abductor digiti minimi Tuber calcanei aponeurosis plantaris

Flexor digiti minimi brevis Os metatarsi V, Lig. Plantare

9 Opponens digiti minimi Lig. Plantare longum, m. fibularis longus

Flexor digitorum longus tendon of 3rd

Lumbricales pedis II-IV
to 5th metacarpal

Interossei plantares I-III Ossa metatarsi III-V margo mediales

Ossa metatarsi I-V (by two heads of opposing

Interossei dorsales I-IV
sides)

Caput Obliquem: Ossa metatarsi II-IV (caputs)

Adductor Hallucis
Caput Transversum: MTPS of 3rd - 5th toes,
lig. Metatarsale transversum profundum
4-S2 13
Origin Insertion
1st toe (base phalanx proximalis via
Tuber calcanei (proc. Medialis)
the medial sesamoid

Tuber calcanei aponeurosis plantaris Phalanx mediales II-V

Os cuboideum, Os cuneiform lateralle, 1st toe (base phalanx proximalis via

lig. Calcaneocuboideum plantare the medial and lateral sesamoids)

Flexor digitorum longus tendon of 2nd metacarpal 2nd toe (aponeurosis dorsalis)

Os cuboideum, Os cuneiform lateralle, 1st toe (base phalanx proximalis via

lig. Calcaneocuboideum plantare the medial and lateral sesamoids)
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Tuber calcanei (medial and plantar borders)
(lateral border)
5th toe base of phalanx proximalis,
Tuber calcanei aponeurosis plantaris
tuberositas ossis metatarsi V

Os metatarsi V, Lig. Plantare 5th toe base of phalanx proximales

Lig. Plantare longum, m. fibularis longus Os metatarsal 5

Flexor digitorum longus tendon of 3rd

3rd-5th toes (aponeurosis dorsalis)
to 5th metacarpal

3rd-5th toes (medial base of

Ossa metatarsi III-V margo mediales
proximal phalanx)

2nd to 4rth phalanges proximales

Ossa metatarsi I-V (by two heads of opposing
(lateral base), 2nd to 4th toes
sides)
aponeurosis dorsalis

Caput Obliquem: Ossa metatarsi II-IV (caputs)

1rst phalanx proximales at base
Caput Transversum: MTPS of 3rd - 5th toes,
lig. Metatarsale transversum profundum
 Function Sensory Branches
1st toe flexion, abduction,
supports longitudinal arch
Flexes MTP PIP, supports
longitudinal arch
Flexes MTP supports longitucinal
arch

Flexes MTP of 2nd toe, Extends

IP of 2nd toe, adduct 2nd toe to big
Flexes MTP supports longitucinal
arch
Redirects and augments the pull
of Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Flexes MTP of 5th toe, Abducts ,
Support longitudinal arch

Flexes MTP of little toe

Pulls 5th metatarsan in plantar

and medial direction
Flexes MTP of 3rd-5th toes, Extends
IP of 3rd-5th toes, adduct 3rd
5th toes to big

Flexes MTP, Extension of IP joint of

3rd to 5th toes, Adducts those
towards 2nd toe.

Flexes MTP 2-4, Extension of IP 2-4,

Abducts 3rd and 4rth toes from
2nd toe

Flexes 1rts MTP, Adducts big toe

Caput transv: Supports trans arch
Caput obl: Supports long. Arch

May become entrapped as they turn

under the medial aspect of the foot
and pass through openings in the
abductor hallucis muscle, especially
with overpronation of the foot, which
stresses the nerves against the
fibrous-
edged openings in the muscle.
Symptoms
elicited are similar to acut foot strain
(tenderness at the posteromedial
plantar
aspect of the foot), painfull heel
(inflamed calcaneal nerve), and pain
 Muscles Origin Insertion

Rectus Capitis anterior CI (massa lateralis atlantis) Os occipitale (basilar part)

Os occipitale (pars basilaris,

Rectus Capitis lateralis CI (proc. Transversus)
lateral to proc. Condylaris)

Os occipitale (above insert

Obliquus capitis superior CI proc. Transversus of rectus capitis post.
Major)

Os occipitale (inner third of

Rectus capitis posterior minor CI (turb. Posterior)
linea)
Os occipitale (middle third
>> .>> Major CII (proc. Spinosous)
of linea nuchalis inferior)
Pars costalis: Inner surface
of lower 6 ribs
Pars Lumbaris: Upper
Diaphragm Central Tendon
2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae
Pars sternalis: Inner
part of xiphoid process

All ribs, Lower margin of rib All ribs, Lower margin of rib
Intercostales externus to upper margin of next lower to upper margin of next lower
rib (oblique forward) rib (oblique forward)

Lower margin of ribs to next Lower margin of ribs to next

Intercostales internus lower margin of next lower rib lower margin of next lower rib
(Oblique forward) (Oblique forward)

Abductor Digiti Minimi

 Function

Unilateral: Lateral flexio

at the atlantoccipital joint

Bilateral: Flaxion at the

atlantooccipital joint

Uni: Tilst to the same

rotates to the same

Bilat: Extends head

Uni: Rotates to the same

Bil: Extends head

Draw down the central

tendon of the diaphragm

Increases the volume of the

thoracic cavity durin
inhalation

Raises ribs (inspiration),

supports intercostal spaces,
stabilizes chest wall

Lower ribs (expiration),

supports intercostal spaces,
stabilized chest wall
D